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Imides

Q: What are the different types or variations of imides?

Imides are a class of organic compounds that can exist in various structural forms. The most common types include succinimides, phthalimides, maleimides, and glutarimides. These different imide variations have unique properties and applications in areas like pharmaceuticals, materials science, and organic synthesis.

Q: How can imides be used in pharmaceutical applications?

Imides have found numerous applications in the pharmaceutical industry. Succinimides, for example, are used as anticonvulsants and sedatives, while phthalimides have been explored as antimicrobial and antidepressant agents. Maleimides are versitile building blocks for drug conjugation and targeted delivery. The diverse functionality of imides allows researchers to develop innovative therapies and drug candidates.

Q: What are some common challenges in working with imides?

One of the main challenges in working with imides is their tendency to undergo side reactions, such as hydrolysis or polymerization, under certain conditions. Proper handling and storage protocols are important to maintain the integrity of imide compounds. Addtionally, the synthesis of specific imide derivatives can sometimes be complex, requiring careful optimization of reaction conditions.

Q: How can PubCompare.ai assist in the optimal use and comparison of imides?

PubCompare.ai allows you to more efficiently screen the protocol literature related to imides. The platform's AI-driven analysis can help identify the most effective protocols for your specific research goals, highlighting key differences in protocol effectiveness. This enables you to choose the best option for reproducibility and accuracy, revolutionizing your workflow and accelerating scientific discovery. The platform's advanced comparison functions can help you experince the full power of imides in your research.

Q: What are some of the key applications of imides in material science and organic synthesis?

Imides have diverse applications in material science, where they are used to develop advanced polymers, coatings, and composites with desirable thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties. In organic synthesis, imides serve as versatile building blocks and intermediates for the production of a wide range of organic compounds. Their reactivity and ability to be functionalized make them indispensable tools for synthetic chemists.

Imides are a class of organic compounds containing the imide functional group, characterized by two carbonyl groups connected by a nitrogen atom.
These versatile molecules have diverse applications in pharmaceutical, material science, and organic synthesis.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven tools help researchers unlock the power of imides, enabling the discovery of cutting-edege protocols from literature, preprints, and patents.
Our advanced comparison functions identify the optimal products and protocols, revolutionizing scientific workflows and accelerating the future of discovery.
Experince the power of imides with PubCompare.ai today.

Most cited protocols related to «Imides»

In-situ NMR Biofilm Reactor Protocol

Cited 5 times

Each CDFF-grown sample was transferred to a specially designed NMR biofilm reactor to allow the biofilm to continue to grow inside the NMR. The reactor was constructed from Torlon® polyamide-imide plastic (Figure 1). Its single-pass flow system consisted of a medium reservoir bottle, a pulseless dual syringe pump (Pharmacia P-500, Uppsala, Sweden), the NMR biofilm reactor (inside the NMR magnet), and a waste reservoir bottle connected in series with polyetheretherketone (PEEK) plastic tubing. Drip-isolation tubes were placed upstream of the reactor to minimize microbial growth and avoid contamination. Figure 1 shows the NMR biofilm reactor and its location in the NMR probe. The inside of the chamber was 40 mm long, 4 mm wide, and 2 mm tall, giving a total liquid volume of 320 μL. When installed in the magnet, the normal direction to the coverslip surface was perpendicular to the magnet bore and coincident with the Helmholtz radiofrequency detection coil axis.
The influent medium flowed against gravity, and the effluent flow was routed to a waste vessel. O₂-saturated minimal medium (SI, Table 1) was pumped through the reactor at a rate of 1 mL/h, which resulted in a laminar flow profile (Reynolds number of 0.1). The hydraulic retention time was 19.2 minutes (dilution rate of 3.13 h^-1). A temperature-controlled gas stream delivery unit (FTS Systems, Stone Ridge, NY, USA) maintained a purge of nitrogen gas in the magnet bore and around the sample chamber, keeping the reactor and perfusion lines in the bore at 30 ± 0.2 °C.

Renslow R.S., Majors P.D., McLean J.S., Fredrickson J.K., Ahmed B, & Beyenal H. (2010). In situ effective diffusion coefficient profiles in live biofilms using pulsed-field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance. Biotechnology and bioengineering, 106(6), 928-937.

Publication 2010

Biofilms Blood Vessel Calculi Epistropheus Gravity Imides isolation Nitrogen Nylons Obstetric Delivery Perfusion polyetheretherketone Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma Retention (Psychology) Syringes Technique, Dilution

Directed Neural Differentiation of hPSCs

Cited 3 times

The neural differentiation protocol was modified from a previously published method⁶. hPSCs were detached using TrypLE Select (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and plated at a density of 5 × 10⁵ cells/cm² on 100 µg/ml poly-L-ornithine (PO, Sigma) and 15 µg/ml LN521 or Matrigel matrix (Corning)-coated plates in E8 medium containing 10 µM ROCK inhibitor (Y-27632, Sigma). Neural maintenance medium was used as a basal medium and consisted of 1:1 DMEM/F12 with Glutamax and Neurobasal, 0.5% N2, 1% B27 with Retinoic Acid, 0.5 mM GlutaMAX, 0.5% NEEA, 50 µM 2-mercaptoethanol (all from Thermo Fisher Scientific), 2.5 µg/ml Insulin (Sigma) and 0.1% penicillin/streptomycin (Thermo Fisher Scientific). During the neural induction stage (days 1–12, Fig. 1a), the maintenance medium was supplemented with 100 nM LDN193189 and 10 µM SB431542 (both from Sigma), and the medium was changed daily. At day 12, the cells were detached with StemPro Accutase (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and plated at a density of 2.5 × 10⁵ cells/cm² on PO and either LN521 or mouse laminin (Sigma)-coated well plates in neural induction medium containing 10 µM ROCK inhibitor. For neural proliferation (days 13–25), the maintenance medium was supplemented with 20 ng/ml fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2, Thermo Fisher Scientific). At days 17, 21 and 25, the neural progenitor cells were passaged with StemPro Accutase and replated in medium containing 10 µM ROCK inhibitor. At day 21, the NPCs were cryopreserved in the same medium containing 10% DMSO (Sigma). For final maturation (days 26–130), the medium was changed to maintenance medium supplemented with 20 ng/ml brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF, R&D Systems), 10 ng/ml glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF, R&D Systems), 500 µM dibutyryl-cyclicAMP (db-cAMP, Sigma) and 200 µM ascorbic acid (AA, Sigma). At day 32, the cells were plated for experiments at a density of 50,000 cells/cm² on plastic well plates or 1 × 10⁶ cells/cm² on microelectrode arrays (MEAs). Plastic well plates were coated with PO and either LN521 or mouse laminin as before and MEAs with 0.1% poly-ethylene-imide (PEI, Sigma) and either 50 µg/ml LN521 or mouse laminin. Medium changes were performed every two to three days.

Hyvärinen T., Hyysalo A., Kapucu F.E., Aarnos L., Vinogradov A., Eglen S.J., Ylä-Outinen L, & Narkilahti S. (2019). Functional characterization of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical networks differentiated on laminin-521 substrate: comparison to rat cortical cultures. Scientific Reports, 9, 17125.

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Publication 2019

2-Mercaptoethanol 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide accutase Ascorbic Acid Cells Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Imides Insulin Laminin LDN 193189 matrigel Microelectrodes Mus Nervousness Neural Plate Neural Stem Cells Neurotrophic Factor, Brain-Derived Penicillins Polyethylenes polyornithine Streptomycin Sulfoxide, Dimethyl Tretinoin Y 27632

Ionic Liquids and Oligomers Characterization

Cited 2 times

The compounds used the include ionic liquids (ILs, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate) and 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, the highly polar and acidic compounds polyethylene glycol diacid (average molecular weight 600 u, PEGDA-600) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), both Sigma-Aldrich, (Steinheim, Germany), and two basic oligomers (both Huntsman (Germany) GmbH), commercially available under the trade name Jeffamine D-400 (doubly amine terminated PPG with average molecular weight of about 430 u) and Jeffamine M-2005 (singly amine terminated PPG with average molecular weight of about 2000 u). The analytes are compiled in Table 1.

, & Gross J.H. (2022). Desorption of positive and negative ions from activated field emitters at atmospheric pressure. European Journal of Mass Spectrometry (Chichester, England), 29(1), 21-32.

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Publication 2022

1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium Acids Amines Imides Ionic Liquids perfluoro-n-nonanoic acid poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate Polyethylene Glycols Tromethamine

Multimodal Olfactory Sensor Array with QCMs

Cited 2 times

The sensor array in this artificial olfactory system consists of four QCMs placed inside a small chamber. QCM sensors allow quick and easy testing of different sensing materials just by depositing the sensing materials on the surface. The sensing material absorbs the gas and the resonant frequency of the QCM changes with the absorbed mass. The measurements of the QCM resonance characteristics are made by measuring a conductance curve (conductance vs frequency) then numerically optimizing parameters in a theoretical equivalent electric circuit, as shown in Figure 2a [11 (link)]. This calculation was made by MATLAB software.
This equivalent circuit is described by Equation (1), and it is a common way to characterize the QCMs in which R in the electrical circuit represents the loss in the physical device, L represents the mass loading of the QCM, and the series resonant frequency is given by Equation (2) [11 (link)]. Figure 2b shows two different measured frequency characteristics of one QCM before (blue solid line) and after (red dashed line) gas exposure.

G = \frac{R}{R^{2} + {(2 π f L - \frac{1}{2 π f C})}^{2}}

f = \frac{1}{2 π \sqrt{L C}}

The conductance curves were measured independently by four vector network analyzers (VNAs) (DG8SAQ VNWA v3), and each spectrum was measured every 2 s. VNAs work by running a proprietary software (DG8SAQ Version 36.7.6) in the computer that does the control and data recording. This software can communicate with other external software in diverse ways; in this work, they work by continuously measuring and dumping the data to text files. This method was more stable and generated faster measurements than interrogating or controlling the VNA software from external software.
Commercial QCMs (SEIKO EG & G, AT-cut) with a resonant frequency of 9 MHz were used to build the sensor array. According to the Sauerbrey equation (Equation (3))—where f₀ is the resonant frequency, Δf is the frequency shift, Δm is the mass change, A is the electrode area, ρ_q is the density of quartz, and μ_q is the shear modulus of quartz—the frequency shift depends on the square of the resonant frequency, and because the frequency is relatively easy to measure, high-frequency QCMs are preferred.

Δ f = \frac{2 f_{0}^{2}}{A \sqrt{ρ_{q} μ_{q}}} Δ m

The QCMs were coated with different room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) by dip coating [12 (link)]. Before coating each QCM, its resonant frequency was recorded. Then the QCMs were submerged in a solution of the RTIL and a solvent (chloroform or acetone). The pullout speed was controlled by the dip coater and the final resonant frequency shift caused by the sensing layer (ΔF_s) was recorded. The characteristics of the different sensors are described in Table 1.
The RTILs used in this work were 1-Methyl-3-n-octylimidazolium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (abbreviated here as [MOIM][TFSI]), 1-Methyl-3-n-octylimidazolium Hexafluorophosphate ([MOIM][PF₆]), 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride ([BMIM][Cl]), and 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Bromide ([BMIM][Br]), as described in Table 1.
In addition to the mass loading and its influence on resonant frequency shift, the responses of QCMs coated with RTILs can also be characterized by the changes in RTIL viscosity. Unlike the more common approach of interrogating QCMs just by the resonant frequency with a frequency counter, the VNAs make it possible to simultaneously measure both changes on the series resonant frequency and resistance. This allows the measurement of viscosity effects, and although a QCM resonator does not work well under heavy viscous damping, VNA works even in that situation [12 (link)].

Aleixandre M., Nakazawa K, & Nakamoto T. (2019). Optimization of Modulation Methods for Solenoid Valves to Realize an Odor Generation System. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 19(18), 4009.

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Publication 2019

1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate Acetone Chloroform Cloning Vectors Electricity Imides Ionic Liquids Medical Devices Physical Examination Quartz Sense of Smell Solvents Vibration Viscosity

Quantifying Lignin Hydroxyl Groups

Cited 2 times

Hydroxyl groups of lignin samples were measured using quantitative ³¹P NMR spectroscopy after derivatization of lignin with 100 µL of 2-chloro-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane (TMDP) [34 (link),35 (link)]. The derivatized samples (30 mg) were dissolved in 0.75 mL of pyridine and deuterated chloroform (1.6:1 v/v) and mixed with 100 μL of a solution of N-hydroxy-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid imide (10 mg mL⁻¹) and chromium(III) acetylacetonate (5 mg mL⁻¹) as internal standard and relaxation agent, respectively. ³¹P NMR spectra were acquired using an inverse-gated decoupling pulse sequence with a 90° pulse angle, 25 s relaxation delay, and 256 scans.

Hosseinaei O., Harper D.P., Bozell J.J, & Rials T.G. (2017). Improving Processing and Performance of Pure Lignin Carbon Fibers through Hardwood and Herbaceous Lignin Blends. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 18(7), 1410.

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Publication 2017

2-norbornene acetyl acetonate Chloroform Chromium Dicarboxylic Acids Hydroxyl Radical Imides Lignin Pulse Rate pyridine Radionuclide Imaging Spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Most recents protocols related to «Imides»

Polyamide-Imide Films for Flexible Displays

Not available on PMC !

Example 8

An adhesive layer (product name: OCA #8146 from 3M company) was interposed between the prepared film and a PET substrate to obtain a multilayer film. It was folded to have a radius of curvature of 3 mm, which was left at a low temperature of −20° C. for 72 hours, and then unfolded. The extent of wrinkles was visually observed. In such event, if no wrinkles were visually observed, it was evaluated as o. If wrinkles were visually observed slightly, it was evaluated as Δ. If wrinkles were visually observed readily, it was evaluated as x.

TABLE 1

Ex. 1aEx. 2aEx. 3aEx. 4aC. Ex. 1aC. Ex. 2aC. Ex. 3a

CompositionDiamineTFMBTFMBTFMBTFMBTFMBTFMBTFMB

100100100100100100100

Dianhydride6FDA 36FDA 36FDA 106FDA 156FDA 246FDA 06FDA 0

DicarbonylTPC 75TPC 75TPC 75TPC 75TPC 29TPC 75TPC 75

compoundIPC 22IPC 22IPC 15IPC 10BPDC 47IPC 25IPC 25

Imide:amide3:973:9710:9015:8524:760:1000:100

Type of metal saltLiClLi₂CO₃Li₂CO₃Li₂CO₃—LiBrLiBr

Content of metal salt (based on10.50.50.5011

100 parts by weight of polymer

solids content)

Tensile strength (TS_1a)kgf/mm²32.131.630.427.726.329.221.3

Tensile strength at highkgf/mm²26.425.924.62318.721.617.1

temperatures (TS_2a)

TS_R%82.2481.9680.9283.0371.1073.9780.28

Elongation at break%23.722.721.4218.817.317.618.3

(EL_1a)

Elongation at break at%20.718.218.915.114.714.414.3

high temperatures

(EL_2a)

EL_R%87.3480.1888.2480.3284.9781.8278.14

Modulus (MO_1a)GPa7.437.256.86.55.867.47.6

Modulus at highGPa5.85.85.45.14.25.35

temperatures (MO_2a)

MO_R%78.0680.0079.4178.4671.6771.6265.79

Film thicknessμm50505050505050

Light transmittance%88.888.989.589.688.988.587.9

Haze%0.50.50.40.40.50.82.4

YI—2.82.52.52.52.93.66.12

Flexural resistance (1 R, 20K)passpasspasspassfailfailpass

ProcessDrying step125/15 125/15 115/15 115/15 150/20 150/20 115/15

(temp./min.)

First thermal125/1 125/1 115/1 115/1 150/1 150/1 115/1

treatment step

(temp./min.)

Second thermal225/10 225/10 225/10 225/10 225/10 225/10 225/10

treatment step

(temp./min.)

As can be seen from Table 1 above, the polyamide-imide films of Examples 1a to 4a had an MO_Rvalue of 75% or more. Thus, they maintained the modulus at least at a certain level even under the harsh conditions of high temperatures.

Since the display device is an electronic device, it generates heat during its use and it is to be used in a hot place as well, it is essential to secure mechanical properties at least at a certain level at high temperatures. Specifically, when a film is applied to a cover window for a display device, if the MO_Rvalue is 75% or more, no problem arises when a display device is fabricated.

In addition, the polyamide-imide films of Examples 1a to 4a were all excellent in the TS_Rvalue, EL_Rvalue, MO_1avalue, TS_1avalue, EL_1avalue, MO_2avalue, TS_2avalue, and EL_2avalue, in addition to the MO_Rvalue. That is, the polymer films of Examples 1a to 4a had high mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break, and modulus at room temperature and maintained the excellent mechanical properties even after the treatment under the severe conditions of high temperatures for a certain period of time.

Further, the polyamide-imide films of Examples 1a to 4a were all excellent in the evaluation of flexural resistance.

In contrast, since the films of Comparative Examples 1a to 3a had a low MO_Rvalue of 72% or less, when the film is applied to cover window for display device, it would have defects in appearance stability. In addition, the films of Comparative Examples 1a and 2a failed in the evaluation of flexural resistance. Thus, they are unsuitable for application to foldable display device or flexible display device.

TABLE 2

Ex. 1bEx. 2bEx. 3bEx. 4bEx. 5bEx. 6bEx. 7bEx. 8bC. Ex. 1bC. Ex. 2b

CompositionDiamineTFMBTFMBTFMBTFMBTFMBTFMBTFMBTFMBTFMBTFMB

100100100100100100100100100100

Dianhydride6FDA6FDA6FDA6FDA6FDA6FDA6FDA6FDA—6FDA

33791215242550

BPDA

DicarbonylTPC 70TPC 70TPC 65TPC 69TPC 66TPC 75TPC 29TPC 65TPC 75TPC 25

compoundIPC 27IPC 27IPC 28IPC 22IPC 22IPC 10BPDC 47IPC 25IPC 25

Imide:amide3:973:977:939:9112:8815:8524:7635:650:10050:50

Type/content metal saltLiCl/1LiCl/0.5——————LiBr/1—

Tensile strengthkgf/mm²28.4532.1329.630.730.127.529.6128.3124.6122.62

(TS_1b)

Tensile strengthkgf/mm²27.7828.2430.128.62826.127.4122.9523.222.71

at low

temperatures

(TS_2b)

dTS%2.3612.111.696.846.985.097.4318.935.730.40

Elongation at%19.8923.6719.223.12319.427.827.81178.9

break (EL_1b)

Elongation at%23.0617.6821.51919.517.121.220.616.211.71

break at low

temperatures

(EL_2b)

dEL%115.9425.3111.9817.7515.2211.8623.7425.934.7131.57

Modulus (MO_1b)GPa7.427.436.025.925.546.156.446.657.454.83

Modulus at lowGPa7.577.646.216.035.716.326.556.767.464.87

temperatures

(MO_2b)

dMO%2.022.833.161.863.072.761.7111.650.130.83

LM_O1GPa1.4761.7591.1561.3681.2741.1931.7901.8491.2670.430

LM_O2GPa1.7461.3511.3351.1461.1131.0811.3891.3931.2090.570

Thicknessμm50505050505050505050

Transmittance%89898989.189.3898988.588.490.8

Haze%0.470.480.660.520.670.560.460.542.410.41

YI—2.622.653.42.963.122.442.872.74.59141

Folding evaluation○Δ○○○○○Δxx

at low temperatures

(3 R, −20° C., 72 hours)

ProcessDrying125/15 125/15 125/15 125/15 115/15 115/15 115/15 115/15 150/20 115/15

(temp/min.)First thermal125/1 125/1 125/1 125/1 115/1 115/1 115/1 115/1 150/1 150/1

treatment

Second thermal225/10 225/10 225/10 225/10 225/10 225/10 225/10 225/10 225/10 225/10

treatment

As can be seen from Table 2 above, the polyamide-imide films of Examples 1b to 8b had a dMO value of 1% to 8%. Thus, they maintained the modulus at least at a certain level even under the harsh conditions of low temperatures.

In the case where the polyamide-imide film is applied to a cover window for a display device and to a display device, it may be used in an extremely cold environment. Thus, it is essential to secure mechanical properties at least at a certain level even in such an extremely cold environment. Specifically, when the polyamide-imide film is applied to a cover window for a display device and to a display device, if the dMO value is within 1% to 8%, no problem arises.

In addition, the polyamide-imide films of Examples 1b to 8b were all excellent in the dTS value, dEL value, MO_1bvalue, TS_1bvalue, EL_1bvalue, MO_2bvalue, TS_2bvalue, and EL_2bvalue, in addition to the dMO value. That is, the polymer films of Examples 1b to 8b had high mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break, and modulus at room temperature and maintained the excellent mechanical properties even after the treatment under the severe conditions of low temperatures for a certain period of time.

Further, the polyamide-imide films of Examples 1b to 8b were all excellent in the folding characteristics at low temperatures.

In contrast, since the films of Comparative Examples 1b and 2b had a low dMO value of 1% or less, when it is applied to a cover window for a display device, it would not be balanced with other layers, resulting in cracks, which is defective in terms of the appearance stability. In addition, the films of Comparative Examples 1b and 2b failed in the evaluation of flexural resistance at low temperatures. Thus, they are unsuitable for application to a foldable display device or a flexible display device.

US11873372B2. Polyamide-imide film, preparation method thereof, and cover window comprising same (2024-01-16). SK microworks Co., Ltd. [KR]. Inventors: Han Jun Kim [KR], Sunhwan Kim [KR], Dae Seong Oh [KR], Jin Woo Lee [KR], Sang Hun Choi [KR], Jung Hee Ki [KR], Dong Jin Lim [KR].

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Patent 2024

1-(decanoylthio)-2-decanoyl-3-phosphatidylcholine 2,2'-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane dianhydride Amides Cold Temperature Diamines Fever GPA 7 Imides Light LMO1 protein, human Medical Devices Metals Nylons Polymers Radius Sodium Chloride Vision

Polyamide-Imide Film Folding Resistance

Not available on PMC !

Example 7

The polyamide-imide film having a thickness of 50 μm was subjected to repeated folding to have a radius of curvature of 1 mm and then unfolded (the number of folding counts one upon folding and unfolding). If it was not fractured upon repeated folding of 200,000 times, it was indicated as Pass. If fractured before repeated folding of 200,000 times, it was indicated as Fail. The number of folding times was counted using the U-shape folding equipment of YUASA.

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Patent 2024

Imides Nylons Radius

Synthesis of N-Fluorinated Sulfonamides

General procedure for the synthesis of N-F.
These substrates can be synthesized from Mitsunobu Reaction with 2-Aryl-2,3-butadien-1-ol and TsNHBoc, then the Boc protecting group can be removed by TFA.1.2-Phenyl-2, 3-butadien-1-ol (1.46g, 10 mmol), TsNHBoc (3.53g, 13 mmol) and PPh3 (3.41g 13 mmol) were suspended in THF (15 ml). The mixture was cooled to 0°C and diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD 2.61g, 15 mmol) was added dropwisely. Then the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature. Water was added when the starting material was disappeared and the mixture was extracted with Et₂O. The combined organic extracts were dried overMgSO₄. After solvent evaporated, the residue was purified through silica gel to give the allenyl imide product. The allenyl imide was treated with TFA following the process described as above to give the product (1.94g, 65% for two steps).In an oven dried round bottom flask with stir bar, sodium hydride (10 mmol, 2 equiv.) was taken. The sodium hydride was washed with pentane (2 times) and dried under vacuum and filled with nitrogen. Then dry DCM (40 mL) was added to it. A solution of sulfonamide (1 equiv.) in dry DCM (0.5 M) was added dropwise to the NaH suspension in DCM. The total reaction was stirred at room temperature for 30 mins. Then, a solution of NFSI (3 eq.) in dry DCM (0.5 M) was added to dropwise to the reaction mixture at room temperature. The total reaction mixture was stirred for overnight at room temperature. The reaction was quenched with ice with constant stirring. Then 50 mL of water was added to the reaction mixture. The organic part was washed with 30 mL NaHCO₃, and 30 mL brine solution respectively. The organic part was concentrated in rotary evaporator and performed silica gel flash column chromatography to isolate the desired N-F (fluorosulfonamide, 25%-50% yield) using hexanes/ethyl acetate mixture as eluent.

Wei S., Zhang G., Wang Y., You M., Wang Y., Zhou L, & Zhang Z. (2023). Modular synthesis of unsaturated aza-heterocycles via copper catalyzed multicomponent cascade reaction. iScience, 26(3), 106137.

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Publication 2023

Anabolism Bicarbonate, Sodium brine Chromatography ethyl acetate Gel Chromatography Hexanes Imides Nitrogen pentane Silica Gel Silicon Dioxide sodium hydride Solvents Sulfonamides t-butyloxycarbonyl group Vacuum

SWCNT-based Electrolyte Membrane Fabrication

SWCNTs and TUBALL BATT H₂O (battery
grade, diameter < 2 nm, 0.4 wt % in water with 0.8 wt % sodium
carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC, binder) were purchased from OCSiAl.
Diethylmethyl(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide
[DEME][TFSI] was purchased from Merck. Polyethlyene (PE) membranes
were provided by Entek. Deionized water (18.2 MΩ·cm resistivity)
was produced with a Thermo Scientific Barnstead MicroPure purification
system.

Lynch P.J., Tripathi M., Amorim Graf A., Ogilvie S.P., Large M.J., Salvage J, & Dalton A.B. (2023). Mid-Infrared Electrochromics Enabled by Intraband Modulation in Carbon Nanotube Networks. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 15(8), 11225-11233.

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Publication 2023

2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether Ammonium Cellulose Imides

Synthesis of Phthalimide Derivatives

In a 100 mL round bottom flask, 1 equiv of phthalic anhydride and
1 equiv of amine were placed provided with a reflux condenser (Scheme 1). Forty milliliters
of glacial acetic acid was added as a solvent. The mixture of reaction
was refluxed with stirring for 1 h at(room temp) so that imide was
synthesized. Glacial acetic acid was eliminated by extracting the
mixture of reaction with water, ethyl acetate, and chloroform. The
crude product was purified using column chromatography giving a yield
of 94–96%.

Karim N., Khan I., Khan I., Halim S.A., Khalid A., Abdalla A.N., Rehman N.U., Khan A, & Al-Harrasi A. (2023). Antiamnesic Effects of Novel Phthalimide Derivatives in Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice: A Useful Therapy for Alzheimer’s Disease. ACS Omega, 8(8), 8052-8065.

Publication 2023

Acetic Acid Amines Chloroform Chromatography ethyl acetate Imides phthalic anhydride Solvents

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DMSO is a versatile organic solvent commonly used in laboratory settings. It has a high boiling point, low viscosity, and the ability to dissolve a wide range of polar and non-polar compounds. DMSO's core function is as a solvent, allowing for the effective dissolution and handling of various chemical substances during research and experimentation.

Litfsi by Merck Group

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LiTFSI is a lithium-based salt with the chemical formula Li[N(SO2CF3)2]. It is a key component in various electrochemical applications, including lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells. LiTFSI is known for its high ionic conductivity and thermal stability, making it a widely used electrolyte material in these applications.

Chlorobenzene by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, China, Australia, Japan, Switzerland

Chlorobenzene is a colorless, volatile liquid used as an intermediate in the production of various chemicals. It serves as a precursor for the synthesis of other organic compounds.

Acetonitrile by Merck Group

Sourced in Germany, United States, Italy, India, China, United Kingdom, France, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, Australia, Canada, Brazil, Sao Tome and Principe, Ireland, Belgium, Macao, Japan, Singapore, Mexico, Austria, Czechia, Bulgaria, Hungary, Egypt, Denmark, Chile, Malaysia, Israel, Croatia, Portugal, New Zealand, Romania, Norway, Sweden, Indonesia

Acetonitrile is a colorless, volatile, flammable liquid. It is a commonly used solvent in various analytical and chemical applications, including liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and other laboratory procedures. Acetonitrile is known for its high polarity and ability to dissolve a wide range of organic compounds.

N n dimethylformamide (dmf) by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Italy, Canada, India, Australia, Japan, Spain, Singapore, Sao Tome and Principe, Poland, France, Switzerland, Macao, Chile, Belgium, Czechia, Hungary, Netherlands

N,N-dimethylformamide is a clear, colorless liquid organic compound with the chemical formula (CH3)2NC(O)H. It is a common laboratory solvent used in various chemical reactions and processes.

4 tert butylpyridine by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, Japan

4-tert-butylpyridine is a chemical compound used as a laboratory reagent. It is a pyridine derivative with a tert-butyl group substituted at the 4-position. This compound is commonly utilized in various chemical synthesis and analysis applications within research and development settings.

4 tert butylpyridine tbp by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany

4-tert-butylpyridine (tBP) is a chemical compound used as a laboratory reagent. It is a colorless liquid with a characteristic odor. tBP is commonly used in organic synthesis and chemical research applications.

Lino3 by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, Belgium

LiNO3 is a chemical compound commonly used in various laboratory applications. It is a white, crystalline solid that is soluble in water. LiNO3 serves as a source of lithium and nitrate ions, which can be utilized in various experimental and analytical procedures.

Spiro ometad by Merck Group

Sourced in Germany

Spiro-OMeTAD is a small organic molecule that is commonly used as a hole-transporting material in perovskite solar cells and other optoelectronic devices. It has a spiro-bifluorene core structure with methoxy substituents. Spiro-OMeTAD is a critical component in the fabrication of high-performance perovskite solar cells, enabling efficient charge extraction and transport.

Lithium bis trifluoromethanesulfonyl imide litfsi by Merck Group

Sourced in United States

Lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) is a lithium salt that is commonly used as an electrolyte in lithium-ion batteries and other energy storage devices. It has a high ionic conductivity and is a key component in many electrochemical applications.

What are the different types or variations of imides?

How can imides be used in pharmaceutical applications?

Imides have found numerous applications in the pharmaceutical industry. Succinimides, for example, are used as anticonvulsants and sedatives, while phthalimides have been explored as antimicrobial and antidepressant agents. Maleimides are versitile building blocks for drug conjugation and targeted delivery. The diverse functionality of imides allows researchers to develop innovative therapies and drug candidates.

What are some common challenges in working with imides?

One of the main challenges in working with imides is their tendency to undergo side reactions, such as hydrolysis or polymerization, under certain conditions. Proper handling and storage protocols are important to maintain the integrity of imide compounds. Addtionally, the synthesis of specific imide derivatives can sometimes be complex, requiring careful optimization of reaction conditions.

How can PubCompare.ai assist in the optimal use and comparison of imides?

PubCompare.ai allows you to more efficiently screen the protocol literature related to imides. The platform's AI-driven analysis can help identify the most effective protocols for your specific research goals, highlighting key differences in protocol effectiveness. This enables you to choose the best option for reproducibility and accuracy, revolutionizing your workflow and accelerating scientific discovery. The platform's advanced comparison functions can help you experince the full power of imides in your research.

What are some of the key applications of imides in material science and organic synthesis?

Imides have diverse applications in material science, where they are used to develop advanced polymers, coatings, and composites with desirable thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties. In organic synthesis, imides serve as versatile building blocks and intermediates for the production of a wide range of organic compounds. Their reactivity and ability to be functionalized make them indispensable tools for synthetic chemists.

More about "Imides"

Imides are a diverse class of organic compounds characterized by the imide functional group, which features two carbonyl (C=O) groups connected by a nitrogen atom.
These versatile molecules have found numerous applications in the pharmaceutical, material science, and organic synthesis fields.
Imides can be further classified into various subtypes, such as succinimides, maleimides, and phthalimides, each with unique properties and uses.
Succinimides, for instance, are commonly employed in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and as key components in certain polymers.
Maleimides, on the other hand, are often utilized in bioconjugation reactions and the development of advanced materials.
The imide functional group's inherent reactivity and versatility have made these compounds invaluable tools for scientists and researchers.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven optimization tools empower users to effortlessly unlock the power of imides, facilitating the discovery of cutting-edge protocols from literature, preprints, and patents.
With PubCompare.ai's advanced comparison functions, researchers can identify the optimal products and protocols, streamlining their scientific workflows and accelerating the pace of discovery.
Unlock the future of scientific discovery with PubCompare.ai today and experince the full potential of imides.