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Ketamine

Ketamine is an anesthetic drug that has been used in medicine for various purposes, including pain management, sedation, and the treatment of depression.
It works by blocking the activity of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, which is involved in the transmission of pain signals and the regulation of mood.
Ketamine has a rapid onset of action and can produce dissociative effects, which means that the user may feel detached from their body or surroundings.
In recent years, ketamine has also been explored as a potential treatment for conditions such as chronic pain, suicidal ideation, and post-traumatic stress disorder.
However, ketamine can also have side effects, such as hallucinations, disorientation, and respiratory depression, and its use should be carefully monitored by healthcare professionals.
Reseachers can use PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform to optimize their ketamine reseach, easily locate protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, and use AI-powered comparisons to identify the best protocols and products for their needs, enhancing reproducibility and accuracy in their ketamine studies.

Most cited protocols related to «Ketamine»

1
Retrospective Rating of Drug-Induced Altered States
Cited 61 times
In each experimental session, subjects were asked to describe the experiences of drug induced ASC by the German versions of the OAV or 5D-ASC questionnaires. The OAV was used in studies conducted before the year 2000 (n = 27), while the 5D-ASC was used in all later studies (n = 16). Because the 5D-ASC is an extension of the OAV, all 66 OAV items are also fully contained in the 5D-ASC. They also appear in the same order in both questionnaires, but are interspersed by 5D-ASC unique items when presented to the subjects as part of the 5D-ASC. Because the available samples would have been too small to investigate the factorial structures of both questionnaires, items from the 5D-ASC data were combined with the corresponding items of the OAV in the present study. Each OAV item contains a statement describing a specific experience of ASC in the past tense (eg, “It seemed to me that my environment and I were one”). Subjects were instructed to respond to the described experiences by placing marks on horizontal visual analogue scales (VAS) of 100 millimeters length. The VAS of the OAV are anchored as no, not more than usual on the left and as yes, very much more than usual on the right. The items are scored by measuring the millimeters from the low end of the scale to the subject's mark (integers from 0–100). Because the low end of the scale indicates a neutral response, the response format of these items can be considered as strictly unipolar according to the response format typology of Russel and Carroll [45] (link).
In most studies, the OAV and 5D-ASC were completed during or shortly after the drug effects peaked. However, in some studies, these rating scales were completed after the drug effects had worn off or at multiple time points. In the latter case, we only included those measures that were obtained during the peak drug effect. Depending on the study, the pooled OAV and 5D-ASC questionnaires were completed 60–300 min after psilocybin, 25–120 min after ketamine, and 70–160 min after MDMA administration. Subjects were instructed to retrospectively rate their whole experience from the moment of drug intake to the respective measuring time point.
Studerus E., Gamma A, & Vollenweider F.X. (2010). Psychometric Evaluation of the Altered States of Consciousness Rating Scale (OAV). PLoS ONE, 5(8), e12412.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2010
Ketamine MDMA Pharmaceutical Preparations Psilocybin Visual Analog Pain Scale
2
Imaging Spine Dynamics in Mice
Cited 53 times
Young (1 month old) and adult (> 4 months old) mice expressing YFP in a small subset of cortical neurons (YFP-H line29 (link)) were used in all the experiments. Young mice were trained on the single-seed reaching task for up to 16 days and displayed a stereotypical learning curve (Fig. 1b). Naive adult mice and mice that had been previously trained with the single-seed reaching task in adolescence were trained with either the same reaching task or a novel capellini handling task for up to 8 days (see Methods). Apical dendrites of layer V pyramidal neurons, 10–100 μm below the cortical surface, were repeatedly imaged in mice under ketamine–xylazine anaesthesia with two-photon laser scanning microscopy. Spine dynamics in the motor cortex and other regions were followed over various intervals. Imaged regions were initially guided by stereotaxic measurements. In 14 mice, intracortical microstimulation (see Methods) was performed at the end of repetitive imaging to determine the location of acquired images relative to the functional forelimb motor map (Supplementary Fig. 2). In total, 32,079 spines from 209 mice were tracked over 2–4 imaging sessions, with 121 mice imaged twice, 79 mice three times and 9 mice imaged four times. Spine formation and elimination rates in each mouse were determined by comparing images of the same dendrites acquired at two time points; all changes were expressed relative to the total number of spines seen in the initial images. The number of spines analysed and the percentage of spine elimination and formation under various experimental conditions are summarized in Supplementary Table 1. To quantify spine size, calibrated spine head diameters were measured over time30 (link) (Supplementary Notes). All data are presented as mean ± s.d., unless otherwise stated. P-values were calculated using the Student's t-test. A non-parametric Mann–Whitney U-test was used to confirm all conclusions.
Xu T., Yu X., Perlik A.J., Tobin W.F., Zweig J.A., Tennant K., Jones T, & Zuo Y. (2009). Rapid formation and selective stabilization of synapses for enduring motor memories. Nature, 462(7275), 915-919.
Publication 2009
Adult Anesthesia Cortex, Cerebral Dendrites Head Ketamine Laser Scanning Microscopy Learning Curve Mice, Laboratory Motor Cortex Neurons Pyramidal Cells Stereotypic Movement Disorder Upper Extremity Vertebral Column Vision Xylazine
3
Optogenetic Manipulation of Neural Circuits
Cited 44 times
All procedures were in accordance with the National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and approved by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Committee on Animal Care. C57BL/6J E16-timed pregnant mice were used for electroporation. Surgery was done under ketamine-xylazine anesthesia and buprenorphine analgesia. For cortical experiments, DNA solution containing plasmids of interest were injected into lateral ventricle of each embryo using a pulled capillary tube. Five square pulses (50ms width, 1Hz, 35V) were applied using tweezer electrode for electroporation (Harvard Apparatus, ECM 830). Direct opsin-expressing experimental mice were electroporated with pCAG-opsin-GFP plasmid. Post-synaptic experimental mice were electroporated with pCAG-FLEX-rc[Chronos-GFP] and/or pCAG-FLEX-Chrimson-mOrange2, and pCAG-Cre plasmids. pCAG-Chrimson-tdTomato was additionally used in half of the single post-synaptic experiments.
For the retinal ganglion cell-superior colliculus experiment, intravitreal virus injection was performed on P0 C57BL/6 mice with Nanoject II (Drummond) under cold anesthesia. 100 nL of rAAV2/8-Synapsin-Chronos-GFP (titer 1.4×1013 particles/mL) was injected into the eye. AAV particles were produced by the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Vector Core.
Klapoetke N.C., Murata Y., Kim S.S., Pulver S.R., Birdsey-Benson A., Cho Y.K., Morimoto T.K., Chuong A.S., Carpenter E.J., Tian Z., Wang J., Xie Y., Yan Z., Zhang Y., Chow B.Y., Surek B., Melkonian M., Jayaraman V., Constantine-Paton M., Wong G.K, & Boyden E.S. (2014). Independent Optical Excitation of Distinct Neural Populations. Nature methods, 11(3), 338-346.
Publication 2014
Anesthesia Animals Animals, Laboratory Buprenorphine Capillaries Cloning Vectors Common Cold Cortex, Cerebral Electroporation Therapy Embryo Ketamine Management, Pain Mice, Inbred C57BL Mus Operative Surgical Procedures Plasmids Pulses Retinal Ganglion Cells Rod Opsins Synapsins tdTomato Tectum, Optic Ventricle, Lateral Virus Xylazine
4
Optogenetic Manipulation of Neural Circuits
Cited 38 times
All procedures were in accordance with the National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and approved by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Committee on Animal Care. C57BL/6J E16-timed pregnant mice were used for electroporation. Surgery was done under ketamine-xylazine anesthesia and buprenorphine analgesia. For cortical experiments, DNA solution containing plasmids of interest were injected into lateral ventricle of each embryo using a pulled capillary tube. Five square pulses (50ms width, 1Hz, 35V) were applied using tweezer electrode for electroporation (Harvard Apparatus, ECM 830). Direct opsin-expressing experimental mice were electroporated with pCAG-opsin-GFP plasmid. Post-synaptic experimental mice were electroporated with pCAG-FLEX-rc[Chronos-GFP] and/or pCAG-FLEX-Chrimson-mOrange2, and pCAG-Cre plasmids. pCAG-Chrimson-tdTomato was additionally used in half of the single post-synaptic experiments.
For the retinal ganglion cell-superior colliculus experiment, intravitreal virus injection was performed on P0 C57BL/6 mice with Nanoject II (Drummond) under cold anesthesia. 100 nL of rAAV2/8-Synapsin-Chronos-GFP (titer 1.4×1013 particles/mL) was injected into the eye. AAV particles were produced by the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Vector Core.
Klapoetke N.C., Murata Y., Kim S.S., Pulver S.R., Birdsey-Benson A., Cho Y.K., Morimoto T.K., Chuong A.S., Carpenter E.J., Tian Z., Wang J., Xie Y., Yan Z., Zhang Y., Chow B.Y., Surek B., Melkonian M., Jayaraman V., Constantine-Paton M., Wong G.K, & Boyden E.S. (2014). Independent Optical Excitation of Distinct Neural Populations. Nature methods, 11(3), 338-346.
Publication 2014
Anesthesia Animals Animals, Laboratory Buprenorphine Capillaries Cloning Vectors Common Cold Cortex, Cerebral Electroporation Therapy Embryo Ketamine Management, Pain Mice, Inbred C57BL Mus Operative Surgical Procedures Plasmids Pulses Retinal Ganglion Cells Rod Opsins Synapsins tdTomato Tectum, Optic Ventricle, Lateral Virus Xylazine
5
Intravital Microscopy of Mouse Lung
Cited 36 times
Mice were anesthetized with Ketamine (80 mg/kg) and Xylaxine (12 mg/kg) i.p. and placed on a custom, heated microscope stage. PE-90 tubing was inserted into the trachea and sutured into place to facilitate mechanical ventilation with a rodent ventilator (Kent Scientific). Mice were ventilated with pressure control ventilation (12–15 cmH2O), a respiratory rate of 115 breaths per minute, FiO2 of 0.5–1.0, and PEEP of 3 cmH2O. Isoflurane was continuously delivered at 1% to maintain anesthesia and mice were given an i.p. bolus of PBS (1 ml) prior to the thoracic surgical procedure. The mice were then placed in the right lateral decubitus position and three left anterior ribs were resected and the left lung was carefully exposed. The thoracic suction window attached to a micromanipulator on the microscope stage was then placed into position and 20–25 mmHg of suction was applied (Amvex Corporation) to gently immobilize the lung. The two-photon microscope objective was then lowered into place over the thoracic suction window and a 12 mm coverslip. For intravenous injections, the right jugular vein was cannulated with a 30 gauge needle attached to PE-10 tubing for injections of cells or intravascular dyes.
Looney M.R., Thornton E.E., Sen D., Lamm W.J., Glenny R.W, & Krummel M.F. (2010). Stabilized Imaging of Immune Surveillance in the Mouse Lung. Nature methods, 8(1), 91-96.
Publication 2010
Anesthesia Cells Dyes Immobilization Isoflurane Jugular Vein Ketamine Lung Mechanical Ventilation Mechanical Ventilator Microscopy Mus Needles Positive End-Expiratory Pressure Pressure Respiratory Rate Ribs Rodent Suction Drainage Thoracic Surgical Procedures Trachea Xylazine

Most recents protocols related to «Ketamine»

1
Retinal Vein Occlusion Mouse Model
Not available on PMC !

Example 2

In the following experiments, a mouse model of RVO, which induces reproducible retinal edema was used. RVO is the model that was used for testing anti-VEGF therapies for DME. Brown et al., Ophthalmology 117, 1124-1133 el 121 (2010); and Campochiaro et al., Ophthalmology 117, 1102-1112 e1101 (2010). I n this model, Rose Bengal, a photoactivatable dye, is injected into the tail veins of adult C57B16 mice and photoactivated by laser of retinal veins around the optic nerve head. A clot is formed and edema or increased retinal thickness develops rapidly. Inflammation, also seen in diabetes, also develops.

Fluorescein leakage and maximal retinal edema, measured by fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography (OCT), respectively, using the Phoenix Micron IV, is observed 24 h after RVO. Retinal edema is maintained over the first 3 days RVO. By day 4 the edema decreases and the retina subsequently thins out. In addition to edema formation there is evidence of cell death in the photoreceptor cell layer by day 2 after RVO.

In this example, mice were anesthetized with intra-peritoneal (IP) injection of ketamine and xylazine. One drop of 0.5% alcaine was added to the eye as topical anesthetic. The retina was imaged with the Phoenix Micron IV to choose veins for laser ablation using the Phoenix Micron IV image guided laser. One to four veins around the optic nerve head were ablated by delivering a laser pulse (power 50 mW, spot size 50 μm, duration 3 seconds) to each vein.

US11857609B2. Ocular delivery of cell permeant therapeutics for the treatment of retinal edema (2024-01-02). THE TRUSTEES OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK [US]. Inventors: Carol M. Troy [US], Ying Y. Jean [US].
Full text: Click here
Patent 2024
Adult Alcaine Cell Death Clotrimazole Diabetes Mellitus Edema Fluorescein Fluorescein Angiography Inflammation Injections, Intraperitoneal Ketamine Laser Ablation Mus Neoplasm Metastasis Optic Disk Photoreceptor Cells Pulse Rate Retina Retinal Edema Rose Bengal Tail Tomography, Optical Coherence Topical Anesthetics Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors Veins Veins, Central Retinal Vision Xylazine
2
Rapid Antidepressant Effects of CN2097 and dR7-2097
Not available on PMC !

Example 3

The discovery of rapidly acting antidepressants, such as ketamine, has transformed our ideas about depression treatment. Based on the above-described data (FIGS. 2-4), CN2097 elicits rapid antidepressant effects that merits further testing. Moreover, although dR7-2097 is a stable analog that is not cleared rapidly like CN2097, its functional efficacy remains to be determined and compared to CN2097 in an animal model of depression. Accordingly, the effects of CN2097 and dR7-2097 on memory recall were assessed in the Contextual Fear Conditioning (CFC) test.47

Mice received i.p. injections of 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg CN2097 or 1 or 5 mg/kg dR7-2097.

As shown in the FIG. 5, dR7-2097 was more efficacious than CN2097 in significantly increasing memory recall in the CFC test. These results show that it is possible to modify CN2097 with (D)-amino acids and not only maintain the efficacy but enhance it. The suggests that the increased stability will enable the administration of lower doses (10 fold or more) while maintaining anti-depressive properties.

US11879020B2. Cyclic peptidomimetic for the treatment of neurological disorders (2024-01-23). Brown University [US]. Inventors: John Marshall [US].
Full text: Click here
Patent 2024
Amino Acids Animal Model Antidepressive Agents CN2097 Fear of disease Ketamine Memory Mental Recall Mus
3
Lidocaine Preservative-Free Intranasal Formulation
Not available on PMC !

Example 6

A lidocaine preservative free intranasal formulation with combination of other drugs is prepared using the ingredients set forth in Table 4 for Examples 6-8.

TABLE 4
Example 6Example 7Example 8
Compositionmg/spraymg/spraymg/spray
Lidocaine101010
Epinephrine——0.01
Meloxicam15——
Ketamine—15
Citric acid monohydrate   3.503.253.0
Purified WaterQsQsQs

The formulation is prepared as follows: Add citric acid monohydrate to purified water while stirring and mix till a clear solution is observed. Add lidocaine base or salt, combination drug and other optional excipients while stirring and mix for 30 minutes till a clear solution is formed. Filter the clear solution using sterile 0.2 micron pore size filter and fill the solution in a glass bottle aseptically and tightly crimp metered dose mechanical pump.

US11857520B2. Therapeutic composition of intranasal lidocaine (2024-01-02). Nortic Holdings Inc. [US]. Inventors: S. George Kottayil [US], Amresh Kumar [US], Prasanna Sunthankar [US], Vimal Kavuru [US], Kamalkishore Pati [US].
Full text: Click here
Patent 2024
Citric Acid Monohydrate Drug Combinations Epinephrine Excipients Ketamine Lidocaine Meloxicam Pharmaceutical Preservatives Sodium Chloride Sterility, Reproductive
4
Rapid Antidepressant Effects of CN2097 in CMS Model
Not available on PMC !

Example 2

To further test CN2097, we used the Chronic Mild Stress (CMS) model which has been shown to evoke anxiety and lower sucrose consumption (postulated to reflect anhedonia), symptoms associated with MDD. As described in Marshall (2018),44 mice subjected to repeated daily stress for 3 weeks, then received a single injection of CN2097 (10 mg/kg) or vehicle.

The acute effects of CN2097 on anxiety were evaluated by the elevated plus-maze (EPM) and novelty-suppressed feeding (NSF) tests. As shown in FIG. 4 (left panel), CN2097 increased the time spent in open arms in the EPM.

In the NSF test, anxiety-induced hypophagia was assessed by measuring the latency of mice to eat a familiar food in an aversive environment. As shown in FIG. 4 (right panel), the administration of CN2097 1 hour prior to testing significantly shortened the latency period until feeding. These data suggest that CN2097 effectively reverses behavioral alterations induced in the CMS Model.

The CMS model responds to chronic, but not acute, administration of established antidepressant drugs.45 Based on the predictive value of the CMS model,46 the above-described data showing that CN2097 caused a reversal of anhedonic and other behavioral effects within 2 hours (FIGS. 3-4) suggests that it provides rapid ketamine-like antidepressant actions.

US11879020B2. Cyclic peptidomimetic for the treatment of neurological disorders (2024-01-23). Brown University [US]. Inventors: John Marshall [US].
Full text: Click here
Patent 2024
Anhedonia Antidepressive Agents Anxiety Arm, Upper CN2097 Elevated Plus Maze Test Figs Food Ketamine Mus Sucrose
5
Biodistribution of Imaging Agent in Oncomice
Not available on PMC !

Example 10

Oncomice®, obtained through an in-house breeding program, were anesthetized intramuscularly with 0.1 mL of ketamine/acepromazine (1.8 mL saline, 1.0 mL ketamine, and 0.2 mL acepromazine) prior to dosing and tissue sampling. Individual mice were then injected via the tail vein with an imaging agent of the present invention (0.5-2.0 mCi/kg in 0.1 mL). Mice were euthanized and biodistribution performed at 1 h post-injection. Selected tissues were removed, weighed, and counted on a gamma counter. Results are expressed as the percentage of injected dose per gram tissue (mean±SEM; Table 3).

TABLE 3
Summary of imaging agent distribution in the Oncomouse ®
Imaging Agent Distribution
(% ID/g)
tissue246
blood1.07 ± 0.0600.41 ± 0.0990.88 ± 0.061
heart0.95 ± 0.0650.36 ± 0.0640.69 ± 0.073
lung0.97 ± 0.1210.45 ± 0.0711.69 ± 0.382
liver13.1 ± 2.1723.6 ± 5.1911.3 ± 1.73
spleen0.69 ± 0.0850.34 ± 0.0570.81 ± 0.021
kidney20.6 ± 3.2514.8 ± 1.796.66 ± 1.46
bone2.02 ± 0.3201.28 ± 0.2002.86 ± 0.124
muscle0.50 ± 0.0730.17 ± 0.0430.44 ± 0.049
urine71.87.67 ± 5.007.21 ± 6.71
tumor0.95 ± 0.1031.12 ± 0.2040.73 ± 0.026

US11865195B2. Evaluation of presence of and vulnerability to atrial fibrillation and other indications using matrix metalloproteinase-based imaging (2024-01-09). Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc. [US], Yale University [US]. Inventors: Albert J. Sinusas [US], Joseph G. Akar [US], Richard R. Cesati [US], Heike S. Radeke [US], Stephen B. Haber [US].
Full text: Click here
Patent 2024
Acepromazine Bones Gamma Rays Hematologic Neoplasms Hematuria Ketamine Kidney Liver Lung Mus Myocardium Neoplasms Saline Solution Spleen Tail Tissues Urine Veins

Top products related to «Ketamine»

1
Rompun by Bayer
Sourced in Germany, France, United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Italy, Brazil, Belgium, Cameroon, Switzerland, Spain, Australia, Ireland, Sweden, Portugal, Netherlands, Austria, Denmark, New Zealand
Rompun is a veterinary drug used as a sedative and analgesic for animals. It contains the active ingredient xylazine hydrochloride. Rompun is designed to induce a state of sedation and pain relief in animals during medical procedures or transportation.
2
Xylazine by Bayer
Sourced in Germany, France, Japan, United States, Brazil, Spain, Canada, Switzerland, Cameroon, Australia, United Kingdom
Xylazine is a pharmaceutical product used as a sedative and analgesic in veterinary medicine. It is a central alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that produces a calming effect and pain relief in animals. Xylazine is used to facilitate handling, examination, and minor surgical procedures in various animal species.
3
Ketamine by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Sao Tome and Principe, China, Italy, United Kingdom, Macao, Canada, France, Brazil, India
Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic used primarily in veterinary practice. It induces a trance-like state while providing pain relief, sedation, and immobilization. Ketamine has a variety of medical and research applications, but its detailed description is outside the scope of this response.
4
Xylazine by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, China, Japan, France, India, Poland, United Kingdom, Brazil, Sao Tome and Principe, Italy, Canada
Xylazine is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Merck Group. It is a sedative and analgesic agent commonly used in veterinary medicine. The core function of Xylazine is to provide a safe and effective means for sedation and pain management in laboratory animals during procedures or treatments.
5
Ketamine by Pfizer
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Sweden, Denmark
Ketamine is a general anesthetic used in medical settings. It is a dissociative drug that induces a trance-like state, providing pain relief, sedation, and temporary paralysis. Ketamine is primarily used for veterinary procedures and in emergency medicine for human patients.
6
Ketamine by Zoetis
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Macao
Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic used in veterinary medicine. It is a fast-acting medication that can be administered by injection to induce anesthesia and provide pain relief in animals. Ketamine is primarily used for sedation, analgesia, and the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in various animal species.
7
Stereotaxic frame by Kopf Instruments
Sourced in United States, Germany, Italy
The Stereotaxic frame is a laboratory instrument used to immobilize and position the head of a subject, typically an animal, during surgical or experimental procedures. It provides a secure and reproducible method for aligning the subject's head in a three-dimensional coordinate system to enable precise targeting of specific brain regions.
8
Ketalar by Pfizer
Sourced in United States, Belgium, Germany, Finland, Sweden, United Kingdom, Norway, Switzerland, Brazil, Ireland, Denmark, Canada, Australia
Ketalar is a general anesthetic medication used to induce and maintain anesthesia. It is a clear, colorless, water-soluble compound that is administered via injection. The active ingredient in Ketalar is the chemical compound ketamine hydrochloride.
9
C57bl 6 mice by Jackson ImmunoResearch
Sourced in United States, Montenegro, Canada, China, France, United Kingdom, Japan, Germany
C57BL/6 mice are a widely used inbred mouse strain commonly used in biomedical research. They are known for their black coat color and are a popular model organism due to their well-characterized genetic and physiological traits.
10
C57bl 6j mice by Jackson ImmunoResearch
Sourced in United States, Montenegro, Japan, Canada, United Kingdom, Germany, Macao, Switzerland, China
C57BL/6J mice are a widely used inbred mouse strain. They are a commonly used model organism in biomedical research.

More about "Ketamine"

Ketamine, a powerful anesthetic and dissociative drug, has been a subject of intense research and clinical exploration in recent years.
This versatile compound, also known by the brand names Ketalar and Rompun, has demonstrated remarkable potential in the management of various medical conditions, including pain, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder.
Ketamine works by blocking the activity of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, a key player in the transmission of pain signals and the regulation of mood.
Its rapid onset of action and ability to induce a dissociative state, where the user may feel detached from their body or surroundings, have made it a valuable tool in both medical and recreational settings.
In the realm of pain management, ketamine has been explored as a treatment for chronic pain conditions, often in combination with other analgesics.
Researchers have also investigated the use of ketamine in the treatment of depression, particularly in individuals with treatment-resistant forms of the condition.
Additionally, the drug has shown promise in addressing suicidal ideation and post-traumatic stress disorder.
When it comes to research methodologies, ketamine studies often involve the use of animal models, such as C57BL/6 and C57BL/6J mice.
These mouse strains are commonly used in neuroscience and pharmacology research, and researchers may employ techniques like stereotaxic frames to precisely administer the drug and study its effects.
While the potential benefits of ketamine are substantial, it is important to note that the drug can also have side effects, such as hallucinations, disorientation, and respiratory depression.
As such, the use of ketamine should be carefully monitored by healthcare professionals to ensure the safety and well-being of patients.
In conclusion, the versatility of ketamine, combined with its unique mechanism of action, has made it a subject of intense interest in the medical and research communities.
By leveraging the power of AI-driven platforms like PubComapre.ai, researchers can optimize their ketamine studies, streamline the process of locating relevant protocols, and enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of their findings.