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Lactate

Lactate, a key metabolite in cellular energy production, plays a pivotal role in various physiological processes.
This organic acid is produced during anaerobic glycolysis and serves as an important energy substrate for tissues like the heart and brain.
Lactate levels can provide insights into metabolic health, physical fitness, and disease states such as lactic acidosis.
Researchers investigating lactate dynamics, transport, and signaling mechanisms will find PubCompare.ai's AI-driven protocol optimization tools invaluable for maximizing the accuracy and impact of their studies.
Easily locate the best research protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents using advanced AI comparisons to identify the optimal products and procedures for elevating your lactate research.

Most cited protocols related to «Lactate»

The institutional review boards of Cooper University Hospital (Camden, New Jersey),15 University of Piitsburgh Medical Center (UPMC; a network of hospitals in western Pennsylvania), and Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC)16 (link) provided ethics approvals for research using the SSC and EHR data sets, respectively.
The SSC registry includes data collected from 218 hospitals in 18 countries on 28 150 patients with suspected infection who, despite adequate fluid resuscitation as judged by the collecting sites, still had 2 or more systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria and 1 or more organ dysfunction criteria (eMethods 3 in the Supplement). The SSC database setup, inclusion, and reporting items are described in detail elsewhere.6 (link),17 (link) To select clinical criteria for the new septic shock definition, an analysis data set was created that included all patients with a serum lactate level measurement or a mean arterial pressure less than 65 mmHg after fluids, or who received vasopressors.
For external validation, mortality was determined using the same clinical criteria in patients with suspected infection (cultures taken, antibiotics commenced) within 2 large EHR databases from UPMC (12 hospitals, 2010–2012,n = 1 309 025) and KPNC (20 hospitals, 2009–2013, n = 1 847 165). Three variables (hypotension, highest serum lactate level, and vasopressor therapy as a binary variable [yes/no]) were extracted from these 2 data sets during the 24-hour period after infection was suspected. Descriptive analyses, similar to those performed on the SSC data set, were then undertaken. Because of constraints on data availability, hypotension was considered present if systolic blood pressure was 100 mmHg or less for any single measurement taken during the 24-hour period after infection was suspected. Serum lactate levels were measured in 9% of infected patients at UPMC and in 57%of those at KPNC after implementation of a sepsis quality improvement program.
Publication 2016
Antibiotics Dietary Supplements Ethics Committees, Research Infection Lactate Patients Resuscitation Septicemia Septic Shock Serum Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome Systolic Pressure Therapeutics Vasoconstrictor Agents
The MLST scheme used to characterize Listeria strains is based on the sequence analysis of the following seven housekeeping genes: acbZ (ABC transporter), bglA (beta-glucosidase), cat (catalase), dapE (Succinyl diaminopimelate desuccinylase), dat (D-amino acid aminotransferase), ldh (lactate deshydrogenase), and lhkA (histidine kinase). This MLST scheme was adapted from the MLST system proposed by Salcedo and colleagues [14] (link), with the following modifications. First, the template for gene ldh was extended from 354 to 453 nucleotides, thus improving strain discrimination. Second, gene templates were shortened because the extremities of the previous templates correspond to parts of the PCR primer sequences, thus possibly not corresponding totally to the genomic sequence of the isolates analyzed. Third, we incorporated universal sequencing tails to the PCR primers (Table 1), which allows to sequence PCR fragments of all genes using only two primers. DNA extraction was performed by the boiling method [41] (link). The PCR amplification conditions were as follows: an initial cycle of 94°C for 4 min; 25 amplification cycles, each consisting of 94°C for 30 s, 52°C for 30 s (except for bglA which has an annealing temperature of 45°C), and 72°C for 2 min; and a final incubation at 72°C for 10 min. The PCR products were purified by ultrafiltration (Millipore, France) and were sequenced on both strands with Big Dye v.1.1 chemistry on an ABI3730XL sequencer (Applied BioSystems).
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Publication 2008
1,2-diarachidonoyl-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine Amino Acids ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters beta-Glucosidase Catalase Discrimination, Psychology Genes Genes, Housekeeping Genetic Template Genome Histidine Kinase Lactate Listeria Nucleotides Oligonucleotide Primers Strains succinyldiaminopimelate desuccinylase Tail Transaminases Ultrafiltration
In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, between-subject study we measured OXT concentrations in plasma and CSF after intranasal OXT or PLC administration. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive either intranasal OXT (24 IU; Syntocinon spray manufactured by Novartis, Rotkreuz, Switzerland; 3 puffs per nostril, each with 4 IU OXT) or PLC (sodium chloride solution) treatment. To control dosing and absorption all subjects administered the nasal spray in a head upright position, closed one nostril with one finger while administering the spray to the other nostril and sniffing during administration. The bottle was inserted 1 cm into the nostril with an administration angle of 45 degrees into the nose. According to the guidelines for intranasal OXT administration by Guastella et al. subjects self-administered the nasal spray under supervision of the experimenter and after receiving verbal instructions and observing a demonstration by them29 (link). CSF was taken by lumbar puncture (LP) in a sitting position at 45 min (OXT, n = 4; PLC n = 1), 60 min (OXT, n = 4; PLC, n = 2) or 75 min (OXT, n = 3; PLC, n = 1) after intranasal administration. To control for circadian variability, all LPs were carried out at the same time of day (01:00–03:45 p.m.). After taking CSF for routine diagnostic purposes (leukocytes and erythrocyte cell count, glucose, lactate, and total protein content), a further volume of 10–12 ml was collected in polypropylene tubes for OXT assay. Plasma levels of OXT were analysed based on blood samples drawn via an intravenous catheter at 7 consecutive time points over a time window of 95 min: the first one 5 min before drug application (baseline) and then again at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 min after intranasal treatment. Blood was collected in 2.7 ml lithium-heparin cell preparation tubes. To inhibit activity of proteinases, aprotinin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) was immediately added to blood and CSF samples (aprotinin 0.1 mg/1 ml) and centrifuged within one hour after sampling for 15 min at 1600 g and 4°C to remove cells. The supernatant was aliquoted into Eppendorf tubes and frozen at −80°C until assays were performed. CSF samples containing more than 500 erythrocytes per μl (prior to centrifugation) were excluded from the analysis.
Publication 2013
Administration, Intranasal Aprotinin Biological Assay BLOOD Cardiac Arrest Catheters Cells Centrifugation Diagnosis Endopeptidases Erythrocyte Count Erythrocytes Fingers Freezing Glucose Head Heparin Lactate Leukocytes Lithium Nasal Sprays Nose Pharmaceutical Preparations Placebos Plasma Polypropylenes Proteins Punctures, Lumbar Saline Solution Supervision Syntocinon
143Bwt and 143Bcytb and UOK262 cells were cultured as described9 (link),15 (link). MEFs were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Hyclone), penicillin/streptomycin and 6mM L-glutamine. Cell growth was monitored in sub-confluent cultures by trypsinizing and counting with a hemacytometer. Glucose, lactate, and glutamine were measured as described23 (link). Isotopic labeling was performed in DMEM with 10% dialyzed FBS supplemented with either 15mM D-[U-13C]glucose or 2mM L-[U-13C]glutamine. Aqueous metabolites were analyzed using an Agilent 6970 gas chromatograph and an Agilent 5973 mass selective detector. To determine relative metabolite abundance across samples, the area of the total ion current peak for the relevant metabolite was compared to that of an internal standard (2-oxobutyrate) and normalized for protein content. Analysis of 13C enrichment and mass isotopomer distribution was performed as published11 (link),24 (link). For radioisotope lipid synthesis assays, cells were cultured for 18 hours in complete medium supplemented with 3H2O or 14C tracers (Perkin Elmer). Lipids were extracted and analyzed as described3 (link). For lipid synthesis experiments using NMR, cells were plated in 10-cm dishes and allowed to proliferate exponentially in medium containing D[U-13C]glucose and unlabeled glutamine, or unlabeled glucose and L[U-13C]glutamine until two confluent 15-cm dishes were obtained. Lipids were then extracted and analyzed by 13C NMR as described3 (link). Gene silencing was performed using commercial small interfering RNAs (Thermo) directed against IDH1, IDH2 or IDH3. Cells were transfected with DharmaFECT transfection reagent (Thermo) and protein abundance was examined after 72 hours using western blots with commercial antibodies (Santa Cruz Biotechnology). Cells were incubated with L[U-13C]glutamine for two hours prior to extraction of metabolites for mass isotopomer distribution analysis. Stable silencing used lentiviral shRNAs from the Mission shRNA pLKO.1-puro library (Sigma). Additional details are in the online Methods.
Publication 2011
2-ketobutyrate Antibodies Biological Assay Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy cDNA Library Cells Eagle Gas Chromatography Glucose Glutamine Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal IDH2, human Ion Transport Lactate Lipids Lipogenesis Penicillins Proteins Radioisotopes RNA, Small Interfering Short Hairpin RNA Streptomycin Transfection Western Blot
Following one week of rest from acclimation training, mice were placed on the treadmill at 0° incline and the shock grid was activated. The treadmill speeds were then increased until exhaustion as follows: (speed, duration, grade)—(0 m/min, 3 min, 0°), (6 m/min, 2 min, 0°), (9 m/min, 2 minutes, 5°), (12m/min, 2 min, 10°), (15m/min, 2 min, 15°), (18, 21, 23, 24 m/min, 1 min, 15°), and (+1 m/min, each 1 min thereafter, 15°). Exhaustion (endpoint for treadmill cessation) was defined as the point at which mice maintained continuous contact with the shock grid for 5 seconds. Continuous contact is defined as any portion of the animal’s body coming in contact with the shock grid for a total of 5 seconds. During the test, occasional (~1–5 times per single animal test) 1–2 second tail contacts were observed when animals misstepped or were slow to response in the increase in intensity. VO2max was determined by the peak oxygen consumption reached during this test when RER was >1.0. Maximum running speed was defined as the treadmill speed at which VO2max was achieved (Table 1). All animals (within-subjects design, GXTm and PXTm) underwent pre- and post-test lactate assays (Lactate assay) one hour prior to and immediately following exercise testing).
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Publication 2016
Acclimatization Animals Biological Assay Lactate Mice, House Oxygen Consumption Parts, Body Shock Tail

Most recents protocols related to «Lactate»

We used DRAGON to compute partial correlations between multi-omic data of CCLE cell lines. In particular, we computed partial correlations between the four following data type pairs across all CCLE cell lines: (1) miRNA levels and gene knockout screens, (2) protein levels and metabolite levels, (3) cell viability assays after drug exposure and gene knockout screens, and (4) TF targeting and metabolite levels. For each association, the final number of cell line samples is the intersection of the cell lines for each modality. DRAGON builds a GGM that implements covariance shrinkage with tuning parameters specific to each biological layer or “ome,” represented by a different data type, a novel addition to covariance shrinkage that enables DRAGON to account for varying data structures and sparsity of different multi-omic layers [52 (link)]. The magnitude of DRAGON partial correlation values may not be always interpretable without a reference because they are derived from a regularized, shrunken covariance matrix [98 (link)]. All variables were standardized to have a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1 before running DRAGON.
To compute associations between protein levels and metabolite concentrations, we averaged protein isoform levels to reduce the set of 12,755 measured proteins to 12,197 unique proteins. The final number of samples used to compute this association represented 258 cells shared between the 375 cells for proteomics data and 928 cells for metabolomic data. To compute associations between LDH levels and its substrate lactate, and because the LDH isozymes (LDHA and LDHB) catalyze opposite biochemical reactions, we created two new variables in the DRAGON network accounting for the ratio between isozymes: LDHAnormalized=1LDHALDHB>1.LDHALDHBLDHBnormalized=1LDHBLDHA>1.LDHBLDHA where LDHA and LDHB represent protein levels of LDH isozymes. This normalization reflects our understanding of the nonlinear relation between the ratio of LDHA/LDHB and lactate concentrations: when LDHA is dominant, LDH produces lactate; therefore, we expect a positive correlation with lactate levels, and conversely, when LDHB is dominant, lactate is a substrate for LDH and the correlation should be negative. We did not include pyruvate concentrations because it was not among the measured metabolites in CCLE.
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Publication 2023
Biological Assay Biopharmaceuticals Catalysis Cell Lines Cells Cell Survival Gene Knockout Techniques Isoenzymes Lactate LDH 5 MicroRNAs Pharmaceutical Preparations Protein Isoforms Proteins Pyruvates SET protein, human
Caco-2 cells cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS were seeded at about 70% confluency in nine 12-well plates (CELLSTAR, Greiner Bio-One) to test three KRAS mutant status (WT, G12D, and G12C) in three contexts (unstimulated, DMOG, and IL-6). 24-h post-seeding cells were transfected with FLAG-KRASWT, FLAG-KRASG12D, or FLAG-KRASG12C with the protocol previously described. Then, 5-h post-transfection medium was changed and replaced with DMEM supplemented with 1% glutamine containing either 20 ng/ml DMOG, 20 ng/ml IL-6, or no stimulus (unstimulated). In addition, for cells transfected with KRASWT, 15 ng/ml doxycycline was added for plasmid activation. Cell suspension samples were collected: once for all groups during the seeding (24 h before transfection), then in triplicate for each group at 24, 48, and 72 h post-transfection. Medium samples were collected: once during the context introduction (5 h post-transfection), then in triplicate for each group at 24, 48, and 72 h post-transfection. Cell suspension samples were used for cell counting using Scepter 2.0 Automated Cell Counter with 60-μm sensors (Merck Millipore), for cell viability and cellular ATP assessments using CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay (Promega), and for Western blots of FLAG-KRAS (Anti-FLAG M2, F3165, mouse/monoclonal, 1:1,000 dilution; Sigma-Aldrich) normalized with β-actin (#4970, rabbit/monoclonal, 1:3,000 dilution; Cell Signaling) using the protocol previously described. For the Western blot, after cell lysis, for each plasmid and at each time, the three context replicates were pooled to obtain enough protein to prepare 40 μl loading solution at 0.25 μg/μl (e.g., for WT at 24 h, the three replicates are one Unstim, one DMOG, and one IL-6 sample). Media were used for the assessment of glucose uptake and lactate release using, respectively, Glucose-Glo and Lactate-Glo assays (Promega).
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Publication 2023
Actins Biological Assay Caco-2 Cells Cells Cell Survival Doxycycline FLAG protocol Glucose Glutamine K-ras Genes Lactate Luminescent Measurements Mus Plasmids Promega Proteins Rabbits Technique, Dilution Transfection Western Blot
Serum ALT and LDH levels were measured using the 7500 Clinical Analyzer (Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). LDH was assayed using an enzymatic rate method with lactate as a substrate, and we confirmed that the origin of LDH was mainly from liver tissue using the LDH isozymes test. ALT assay was performed without pyridoxal phosphate supplementation. This facility’s normal ranges of ALT and LDH were 6 to 30 and 119 to 229 U/L, respectively. To focus on the degree of elevation, we set up an index calculated by the following formula: ALT/LDH ratio = (serum ALT − ULN)/(serum LDH − ULN) (ULN: upper limit of normal) as described previously.[20 (link)]
Publication 2023
Biological Assay Enzymes Isoenzymes Lactate Liver Pyridoxal Phosphate Serum Tissues
Lactate production in H292 cells was measured using the lactate fluorometric assay kit (BioVision, Inc.). Briefly, 1×104 cells/well were seeded into a 96-well plate and incubated overnight at 37°C. Prior to pretreatment with various concentrations of AG (20, 50 and 75 µM), the medium was replaced with phenol red and serum-free RPMI medium and incubated at 37°C for 1 h. Finally, 1 µl of the medium from each well was received to measure the absorbance at 570 nm using the Spectramax M2 microplate reader (Molecular Devices, LLC).
Publication 2023
Biological Assay Cells Fluorometry Lactate Medical Devices Serum
The rationale for this specific MAA-EGDMA-AIBN system where MAA,
EGDMA, and AIBN were selected as the functional monomer, cross-linker,
and photoinitiator, respectively, has been discussed in detail elsewhere.25 (link) However, in brief, the presence of the carboxylic
functional group in MAA enables hydrogen bonding to occur in a manner
similar to biological recognition systems.70 (link) EGDMA encourages the conservation of spatial integrity subsequent
to lactate extraction, and AIBN is a common radical initiator often
adopted in bulk polymerization syntheses.71 (link) Polymerization was carried out at 4 °C to promote MIP recapturing
capacity and selectivity by decreasing the kinetic energy and simultaneously
increasing the stability of the prepolymerization complex.72 (link)−74 (link) Anhydrous dichloromethane was the solvent of choice as its nonpolar
nature promotes stability during polymerization, avoiding any reactions
with free radicals that could interfere with template–monomer
interactions. To encourage the solubility of lactate, 10% (volume)
anhydrous methanol was added as it is a protic solvent capable of
hydrogen bonding.75 (link)
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Publication 2023
Anabolism azobis(isobutyronitrile) Biopharmaceuticals Dietary Fiber Free Radicals Genetic Selection Kinetics Lactate Methanol Methylene Chloride Polymerization Solvents

Top products related to «Lactate»

Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, China
Lactate Assay Kit is a product designed to measure lactate levels in various sample types. The kit utilizes an enzymatic reaction to quantify lactate concentrations with a colorimetric or fluorometric output. It provides a simple, reliable, and sensitive method for analyzing lactate levels in biological samples.
Sourced in United States, Germany, China, Italy
The Lactate Assay Kit is a laboratory instrument designed to measure the concentration of lactate in a variety of sample types. It provides a reliable and efficient method for the quantitative determination of lactate levels.
Sourced in United Kingdom, United States, China
The L-Lactate Assay Kit is a colorimetric assay designed to quantify L-lactate levels in a variety of sample types. The kit utilizes an enzymatic reaction to produce a color change that can be measured spectrophotometrically.
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom
The Lactate Colorimetric Assay Kit is a laboratory product that measures the concentration of lactate in samples. It utilizes a colorimetric reaction to quantify lactate levels. The kit includes the necessary reagents and solutions to perform the assay.
Sourced in China
The Lactate Assay Kit is a laboratory tool designed to measure the concentration of lactate in various sample types. It provides a quantitative analysis of lactate levels through a colorimetric or fluorometric detection method.
Sourced in United States, China, Switzerland, France, Germany, Sao Tome and Principe
The Glucose assay kit is a laboratory instrument designed to quantify the concentration of glucose in a sample. It measures the amount of glucose present through a colorimetric or fluorometric reaction, providing an accurate and reliable analysis.
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Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.
Sourced in United States
The Lactate Colorimetric/Fluorometric Assay Kit is a laboratory tool used to measure the concentration of lactate in various sample types. It employs a colorimetric or fluorometric detection method to quantify lactate levels.
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Canada
The Glucose assay kit is a quantitative colorimetric/fluorometric assay designed to measure glucose concentrations in a variety of biological samples. The kit utilizes an enzymatic reaction to produce a colored or fluorescent product proportional to the amount of glucose present in the sample.
Sourced in United States
The Glycolysis Cell-Based Assay Kit is a laboratory tool used to measure the rate of glycolysis, a metabolic process that converts glucose into energy, in living cells. The kit provides the necessary reagents and protocols to quantify the production of lactate, a byproduct of glycolysis, in a microplate format.

More about "Lactate"

Lactate, a crucial metabolite in cellular energy production, plays a pivotal role in various physiological processes.
This organic acid, also known as lactic acid, is produced during anaerobic glycolysis and serves as an important energy substrate for tissues like the heart and brain.
Lactate levels can provide insights into metabolic health, physical fitness, and disease states such as lactic acidosis.
Researchers investigating lactate dynamics, transport, and signaling mechanisms will find PubCompare.ai's AI-driven protocol optimization tools invaluable for maximizing the accuracy and impact of their studies.
Easily locate the best research protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents using advanced AI comparisons to identify the optimal products and procedures for elevating your lactate research.
Whether you're using a Lactate Assay Kit, L-Lactate Assay Kit, Lactate Colorimetric Assay Kit, or a Glucose assay kit, PubCompare.ai's tools can help you optimize your protocols and enhance your findings.
Explore the power of Lactate Colorimetric/Fluorometric Assay Kits and Glycolysis Cell-Based Assay Kits to delve deeper into the complexities of lactate metabolism and its role in cellular processes.
Maximize the accuracy of your lactate research with PubCompare.ai's AI-driven protocol optimization.
Easily locate the best protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents using our advanced AI comparisons.
Identify the optimal products and procedures to elevate your lactate research, whether you're working with FBS or other key reagents.
Explore PubCompare.ai's powerful tools today and take your lactate studies to new heights!