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> Chemicals & Drugs > Organic Chemical > Lactones

Lactones

Lactones are a diverse class of organic compounds characterized by a cyclic ester structure.
These versatile molecules are found in a variety of natural and synthetic sources, and have a wide range of applications in fields such as pharmaceuticals, flavors, and fragrances.
Lactones exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties.
Researchers can optimize their Lactones research using PubCompare.ai's AI-driven protocol comparison tools, which help identify the best protocols from literature, preprints, and patents.
This streamlines the research and development process, allowing scientists to quickly locate top products and procedures for their Lactones-related studies.

Most cited protocols related to «Lactones»

1
Extracellular Protein and Enzyme Assays
Cited 29 times
Total extracellular protein contents in the culture supernatants were measured using a Bio-Rad DC protein assay kit (Bio-Rad) based on absorbance at 595 nm, with bovine serum albumin used as the standard. For protein gel electrophoresis, 30-µL aliquots of concentrated culture supernatants were subjected to sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis on Novex NuPAGE pre-cast protein gels (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Endoglucanase activity in the culture supernatants was determined using an azo-cm-cellulose assay kit (Megazyme, Wicklow, Ireland) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Endo-1,4-β-xylanase activities were assayed with an azo-xylan kit (Megazyme) following the method specified by the manufacturer. FPA activities were assayed with Whatman No.1 filter paper as the substrate. The enzyme reactions were performed in 50 mM citrate buffer (pH 4.8) at 50 °C for 60 min, using the DNS method to quantify the released reducing sugar. Exoglucanase activity was assayed according to the method described by Zou et al. [60 (link)] and measured at 50 °C using 1.0 mg mL−1p-nitrophenyl-β-D-cellobioside (Sigma-Aldrich) as the substrate in 50 mM citrate buffer (pH 4.8) containing 1 mg mL−1d-glucono-1,5-σ-lactone. Each reaction mixture containing 250 µL of properly diluted enzyme and 250 µL of 1.0 mg mL−1 substrate in 50 mM citrate buffer (pH 4.8) was incubated for 10 min at 50 °C, and the reaction was terminated by adding 500 µL of 1 M Na2CO3. Released p-nitrophenol (pNP) was measured at an absorbance of 420 nm. Inactive enzyme, which was boiled at 100 °C for 10 min, was used as a control. pNP was used for the standard curve. In the exoglucanase activity analyses, one unit (U) of enzymatic activity was defined as the amount of 1 μmol glucose or pNP released by 1 mL of enzyme from the substrate per minute under the standard assay conditions. All estimates were performed in three repeated assays. The statistical significance of differences among WT and mutant strains was assessed by one-way analysis of variance.
Liu Q., Gao R., Li J., Lin L., Zhao J., Sun W, & Tian C. (2017). Development of a genome-editing CRISPR/Cas9 system in thermophilic fungal Myceliophthora species and its application to hyper-cellulase production strain engineering. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 10, 1.
Publication 2017
4-nitrophenol Biological Assay Buffers Carbohydrates CD3EAP protein, human Cellulase Cellulose Citrates Electrophoresis endometriosis protein-1 enzyme activity Enzymes Gels Glucose Lactones Nitrophenols Proteins SDS-PAGE Serum Albumin, Bovine Strains Xylans
2
Kinetic Analysis of Phosphotriesterase Activity
Cited 10 times
The time course of ethyl-paraoxon hydrolysis by SisLac at 70°C was monitored following the p-nitrophenolate production at 405 nm (ε405nm = 17 000 M−1cm−1) in 1-cm path length cell with a Cary WinUV spectrophotometer (Varian, Australia) and using the Cary WinUV software. Standard assays (500 µL) were performed in paraoxonase buffer CHES 50 mM pH 9, NaCl 150 mM, CoCl2 0.2 mM, EtOH 6% (v/v), with pH adjusted with NaOH at 70°C.
At 25°C, the phosphotriesterase, esterase and lactonase activities were analyzed monitoring absorbance variations in 200 µL reaction volumes using 96-well plates (6.2-mm path length cell) and a microplate reader (Synergy HT) using the Gen5.1 software at 25°C. For each substrate, assays were performed using organic solvent concentrations below 1%. The monitoring wavelength, the solvent used, the molar extinction coefficient and the concentration range for each substrate (Fig. 1, S1 & S2) are summarized in Table S2. Phosphotriesterase and esterase activities were performed in activity buffer. When required, DTNB at 2 mM was added to the buffer to follow hydrolysis of substrate releasing thiolate group (malathion (Fig. S1V)). Catalytic parameters for some phosphotriesters were also recorded using SDS at concentrations 0.01 and 0.1% (w/v). Lactone hydrolysis assays were performed in lactonase buffer (Bicine 2.5 mM pH 8.3, NaCl 150 mM, CoCl2 0.2 mM, Cresol purple 0.25 mM and 0.5% DMSO) using cresol purple (pKa 8.3 at 25°C) as pH indicator to follow the acidification related to the lactone ring hydrolysis. Molar coefficient extinction was measured by recording absorbance of the buffer over a range of acetic acid concentrations (0–0.35 mM). The absorbance values versus acetic acid concentration were fitted to a linear regression (GraphPad Prism 5 software) with a slope corresponding to molar extinction coefficient (see Table S2). For all experiments, each point was made in triplicate and the Gen5.1 software was used to evaluate the initial velocity at each substrate concentration. Mean values were fitted to the Michaelis-Menten equation using Graph-Pad Prism 5 software to obtain the catalytic parameters. In the case of C4 AHL hydrolysis for which the substrate concentration that enable to determine the enzyme Vmax could not be reached, the catalytic efficiency has been determined by fitting the linear part of the Michaelis-Menten plot to a linear regression.
Hiblot J., Gotthard G., Chabriere E, & Elias M. (2012). Structural and Enzymatic characterization of the lactonase SisLac from Sulfolobus islandicus. PLoS ONE, 7(10), e47028.
Publication 2012
2-(N-cyclohexylamino)ethanesulfonic acid Acetic Acid Aryldialkylphosphatase Biological Assay Buffers Catalysis Cells cresol Dithionitrobenzoic Acid Enzymes Esterases Ethanol ethylparaoxon Extinction, Psychological gluconolactonase Hydrolysis Lactones Malathion Molar N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine Phosphoric Triester Hydrolases prisma Sodium Chloride Solvents Sulfoxide, Dimethyl
3
Genetic Cross of Anthelmintic-Resistant Haemonchus contortus
Cited 7 times
A schematic of the experimental genetic cross is outlined in figure 1. Briefly, two parasite naïve lambs were each infected with ∼10,000 infective larvae from one of two ovine-derived H. contortus strains, the anthelmintic susceptible MHco3(ISE) (Redman et al. 2008b (link)), or MHco18(UGA2004) (Williamson et al. 2011 (link)), a multidrug resistant strain that is insensitive to standard manufacturers recommended dose rates of benzimidazole, imidazothiazole, and macrocyclic lactone anthelmintics. At 14 days postinfection (DPI), developing sexually immature parasitic stages were recovered post mortem, and the sex of the L4 stage immature adults was determined by microscopic examination of gross morphology (Denham 1969 (link); Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food 1971 ). A total of 100 MHco3(ISE) female and 100 MHco18(UGA2004) male L4 (P1 generation) were surgically transferred into the abomasum of a recipient sheep to allow reproduction that would generate F1 hybrid progeny between the two strains. At 28 DPI, 67 MHco3(ISE) females and 42 male MHco18(UGA2004) P1 from the recipient sheep were recovered post mortem, after which the males were snap frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored. Sampling was performed at 28 DPI to ensure that all of the females would have mated, and that they would be mature enough to have more viable progeny than is thought to be the case in early patency. Individual females were placed into individual wells of 24-well cluster plates (Sarstedt) containing 1 ml of warm RPMI 1640 cell culture media containing 1% (v/v) d-glucose, 2 mM glutamine, 100 IU/ml penicillin, 100 mg/ml streptomycin, 125 mg/ml gentamycin, 25 mg/ml amphotericin B (Redmond et al. 2006 (link)), and Hepes (1% v/v) and incubated in 5% CO2 at 37 °C for 48 h to promote egg shedding. Eggs were transferred at 24 and 48 h and mixed with fresh helminth egg-free sheep faeces before being incubated at 24 °C for 2 weeks to allow larval development to L3. After this time, a single female parent (P1) and a total of 41 F1 L3 progeny were individually stored in preparation for DNA extraction and sequencing library preparation.
Doyle S.R., Laing R., Bartley D.J., Britton C., Chaudhry U., Gilleard J.S., Holroyd N., Mable B.K., Maitland K., Morrison A.A., Tait A., Tracey A., Berriman M., Devaney E., Cotton J.A, & Sargison N.D. (2017). A Genome Resequencing-Based Genetic Map Reveals the Recombination Landscape of an Outbred Parasitic Nematode in the Presence of Polyploidy and Polyandry. Genome Biology and Evolution, 10(2), 396-409.
Publication 2017
Abomasum Adult Amphotericin B Anthelmintics Autopsy benzimidazole Cell Culture Techniques Cells Crosses, Genetic Culture Media DNA Library Domestic Sheep Eggs Feces Females Food Freezing Gentamicin Glucose Glutamine Helminths HEPES Hybrids Lactones Larva Males Microscopy Nitrogen Operative Surgical Procedures Parasites Penicillins Reproduction Sheep Single Parent Strains Streptomycin
4
Cellulase Production and Enzymatic Characterization
Cited 7 times
Cellulase was produced in a 500 mL flask that contained 100 mL of fluid medium through a two-step cultivation procedure. Strains were first grown at 30°C in 100 mL of medium that contained 2 g of glucose as a carbon source and were then regulated at pH 5.5 and 200 rpm for 20 hours. The cultures were collected through vacuum drum filtration during this second step, and 0.5 g vegetative mycelia was added to 100 mL of Vogel’s medium that contained 2% cellulose as carbon source or wheat bran medium at an initial pH of 5.5 at 30°C and 200 rpm. Culture supernatants (crude enzyme) were diluted with sodium acetate buffer solution (SABF, 0.2 M, pH 4.8). Enzymatic hydrolyses of the polysaccharides were also performed in SABF (0.2 M, pH 4.8). The filter paper enzyme (FPA), endoglucanase (CMCase), xylanase, and amylase activities of the culture supernatants (diluted samples) were assayed using a DNS reagent (10 g 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid, 20 g sodium hydroxide, 200 g sodium potassium tartrate, 2.0 g redistilled phenol, and 0.50 g sodium sulfite anhydrous per 1000 mL DNS reagent) against Whatman No. 1 filter paper, carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt (CMC-Na), xylan (from beechwood), and soluble starch. CMC-Na, xylan, or starch was dissolved in SABF to a final concentration of 1% (mass/volume percent, m/v %), and then the mixture was left overnight and was shaken well before using. The following components were added in a 2.0 mL reaction mixture: 0.5 mL diluted culture supernatants and 1.5 mL CMC-Na, xylan, or starch solution for CMCase, xylanase, or amylase activity assays, respectively; and 2.0 mL diluted culture supernatants and 50 mg Whatman No. 1 filter paper for FPA assay into 25 mL colorimetric tube. The mixture was mixed gently and the reaction mixture was incubated for FPA measurement in a 50°C water bath for 1 hour, for CMCase and xylanase activity measurements at 50°C for 30 min, and for amylase activity measurement at 40°C for 10 min. Three milliliters of DNS reagent were then added to stop the reaction. A blank tube (with boiled crude enzyme) was used as control to correct any reducing sugar present in the crude enzyme samples. The tubes were placed in boiling water for 10 min, 20 mL distilled water was added, 200 μL of reaction mixture was pipetted, and the absorbance was determined at 540 nm. The cellobiohydrolase (pNPCase) and β-glucosidase (pNPGase) activities were measured by using 4-Nitrophenyl β-D-cellobioside (pNPC) and 4-Nitrophenyl β-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG) as substrates, respectively. The pNPC or pNPG was dissolved in SABF to a final concentration of 1 mg/mL. Moreover, 50 μL of pNPC solution (containing 1 mg/mL D-Glucono-δ-lactone) or 50 μL of pNPG solution and 100 μL of diluted culture supernatants were mixed, and then the mixtures were incubated in a 50°C water bath for 30 min. The reaction was stopped by adding 0.15 mL of sodium carbonate solution (10%, m/v), then 200 μL of these reaction mixtures was pipetted, and the absorbance was measured at 420 nm. One unit of enzyme activity was defined as the amount of enzyme required to release 1 μmol of glycoside bonds of the substrate per minute under defined assay conditions. Independent triplicate cultures were sampled and analyzed.
The total protein was determined using a Bradford assay kit according to the instructions of the manufacturer.
Li Z., Yao G., Wu R., Gao L., Kan Q., Liu M., Yang P., Liu G., Qin Y., Song X., Zhong Y., Fang X, & Qu Y. (2015). Synergistic and Dose-Controlled Regulation of Cellulase Gene Expression in Penicillium oxalicum. PLoS Genetics, 11(9), e1005509.
Publication 2015
4-nitrophenyl 4-nitrophenyl beta-cellobioside 4-nitrophenylgalactoside Acids Amylase Bath beta-Glucosidase Biological Assay Buffers Carbohydrates Carbon carboxymethylcellulase Cardiac Glycosides Cellulase Cellulose Colorimetry enzyme activity Enzymes Exo-Cellobiohydrolase Filtration Glucose Hydrolysis Lactones Mycelium Phenol Polysaccharides Proteins Sodium Acetate sodium carbonate Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium Chloride Sodium Hydroxide sodium potassium tartrate sodium sulfite Starch Strains Vacuum Wheat Bran Xylanase C Xylans
5
Quantitative Analysis of AHLs via LC/MS
Cited 7 times
Extracted AHL was reconstituted in acetonitrile followed by LC/MS analysis using an Agilent 1290 Infinity LC system (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) equipped with an Agilent ZORBAX Rapid Resolution High Definition SB-C18 Threaded Column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.8 μm particle size). The flow rate was set at 0.3 mL/min and the temperature at 37 °C. Injection volume was 2 μL. Mobile phases A and B used included water and acetonitrile (both containing 0.1% v/v formic acid). The gradient profile was set at A:B 80:20 at 0 min, 50:50 at 7 min, 20:80 at 12 min, and 80:20 at 14 min. Subsequent MS detection of separated compounds was performed on the Agilent 6490 Triple Quadrupole LC/MS system. Precursor ion-scanning analysis were performed in positive ion mode with Q3 set to monitor for m/z 102 and Q1 set to scan a mass range of m/z 80 to m/z 400. Molecular mass of m/z 102 refers to the lactone ring thus indicating presence of AHLs. The MS parameters were: probe capillary voltage set at 3 kV, sheath gas at 11 mL/h, nebulizer pressure of 20 p.s.i. and desolvation temperature of 200 °C. The Agilent MassHunter software was used for the MS data analysis to confirm the presence of AHLs. Analysis was based on the retention index and the comparison of the EI mass spectra with AHL standards.
Lau Y.Y., Sulaiman J., Chen J.W., Yin W.F, & Chan K.G. (2013). Quorum Sensing Activity of Enterobacter asburiae Isolated from Lettuce Leaves. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 13(10), 14189-14199.
Publication 2013
acetonitrile Capillaries formic acid Lactones Mass Spectrometry Nebulizers Pressure Radionuclide Imaging Retention (Psychology)

Most recents protocols related to «Lactones»

1
Metallic Nanofiber Composite Formulation
Not available on PMC !

Example 8

    • A composition comprising:
    • a plurality of metallic nanofibers, substantially all of the metallic nanofibers having at least a partial coating of polyvinyl pyrrolidone;
    • a first solvent comprising about 1% to 10% 1-butanol, ethanol, 1-pentanol, n-methylpyrrolidone, 1-hexanol, or acetic acid, or mixtures thereof;
    • a viscosity modifier, resin, or binder comprising about 0.75% to 5.0% PVP, polyvinyl alcohol, or a polyimide, or mixtures thereof; and
    • with the balance comprising a second solvent such as cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, cyclopentanol, butyl lactone, or mixtures thereof.

US11866827B2. Metallic nanofiber ink, substantially transparent conductor, and fabrication method (2024-01-09). NthDegree Technologies Worldwide Inc. [US]. Inventors: Mark David Lowenthal [US], Mark Lewandowski [US], Jeffrey Baldridge [US], Lixin Zheng [US], David Michael Chesler [US].
Patent 2024
1-hexanol 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone Acetic Acid Butyl Alcohol Cyclohexanol cyclohexanone cyclopentanol cyclopentanone Ethanol Lactones Metals n-pentanol Polyvinyl Alcohol Povidone Resins, Plant Solvents Viscosity
2
Functionalized Metallic Nanofiber Composition
Not available on PMC !

Example 18

    • A composition comprising:
    • about 0.01% to 3.0% of a plurality of functionalized metallic nanofibers 100;
    • a first solvent comprising about 2.0% to 10.0% n-methylpyrrolidone, 2-propanol (isopropyl alcohol or IPA), 1-methoxy-2-propanol,1-butanol, ethanol, diethylene glycol, 1-pentanol, n-methylpyrrolidone, or 1-hexanol, or mixtures thereof.
    • a first viscosity modifier, resin, or binder comprising about 0.75% to 5.0% PVP, polyvinyl alcohol, or a polyimide, or mixtures thereof;
    • a second viscosity modifier, resin, or binder comprising about 7% to 12% alpha-terpineol;
    • a second solvent comprising about 1% to 5% of n-propanol, 2-propanol, or diethylene glycol, or mixtures thereof; and
    • with the balance comprising a third solvent such as n-methylpyrrolidone, cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, cyclopentanol, butyl lactone, or mixtures thereof.

US11866827B2. Metallic nanofiber ink, substantially transparent conductor, and fabrication method (2024-01-09). NthDegree Technologies Worldwide Inc. [US]. Inventors: Mark David Lowenthal [US], Mark Lewandowski [US], Jeffrey Baldridge [US], Lixin Zheng [US], David Michael Chesler [US].
Patent 2024
1-hexanol 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone 1-Propanol alpha-terpineol Butyl Alcohol Cyclohexanol cyclohexanone cyclopentanol cyclopentanone diethylene glycol Ethanol Isopropyl Alcohol Lactones Metals methoxyisopropanol n-pentanol Polyvinyl Alcohol Resins, Plant Solvents Viscosity
3
Metallic Nanofiber Composition
Not available on PMC !

Example 15

    • A composition comprising:
    • about 0.01% to 3.0% of a plurality of functionalized metallic nanofibers;
    • a first solvent comprising about 3.0% to 7% 1-butanol, ethanol, 1-pentanol, n-methylpyrrolidone, 1-hexanol, or acetic acid, or mixtures thereof;
    • a viscosity modifier, resin, or binder comprising about 1.4% to 3.75% PVP, polyvinyl alcohol, or a polyimide, or mixtures thereof;
    • a second solvent comprising about 0.001% to 2% of 1-octanol, acetic acid, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, propylene glycol, potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide, or mixtures thereof; and
    • with the balance comprising a third solvent such as cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, cyclopentanol, butyl lactone, or mixtures thereof.

US11866827B2. Metallic nanofiber ink, substantially transparent conductor, and fabrication method (2024-01-09). NthDegree Technologies Worldwide Inc. [US]. Inventors: Mark David Lowenthal [US], Mark Lewandowski [US], Jeffrey Baldridge [US], Lixin Zheng [US], David Michael Chesler [US].
Patent 2024
1-hexanol 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone Acetic Acid Butyl Alcohol Cyclohexanol cyclohexanone cyclopentanol cyclopentanone diethylene glycol Ethanol Glycols Lactones Metals n-pentanol Octanols Polyvinyl Alcohol potassium hydroxide Propylene Glycol Resins, Plant Sodium Hydroxide Solvents Viscosity
4
Functionalized Metallic Nanofiber Composition
Not available on PMC !

Example 12

    • A composition comprising:
    • about 0.01% to 3.0% of a plurality of functionalized metallic nanofibers, substantially all of the metallic nanofibers having at least a partial coating of a polyvinyl pyrrolidone polymer;
    • a first solvent comprising about 2.5% to 8% 1-butanol, ethanol, 1-pentanol, n-methylpyrrolidone, or 1-hexanol, or mixtures thereof;
    • a second solvent comprising about 0.01% to 5% of an acid or bases, including organic acids such as carboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids, tricarboxylic acids, alkyl carboxylic acids, acetic acid, oxalic acid, mellitic acid, formic acid, chloroacetic acid, benzoic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid, or bases such as ammonium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or mixtures thereof;
    • a viscosity modifier, resin, or binder comprising about 1.0% to 4.5% PVP, polyvinyl alcohol, or a polyimide, or mixtures thereof; and
    • with the balance comprising a third solvent such as cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, cyclopentanol, butyl lactone, or mixtures thereof.

US11866827B2. Metallic nanofiber ink, substantially transparent conductor, and fabrication method (2024-01-09). NthDegree Technologies Worldwide Inc. [US]. Inventors: Mark David Lowenthal [US], Mark Lewandowski [US], Jeffrey Baldridge [US], Lixin Zheng [US], David Michael Chesler [US].
Patent 2024
1-hexanol 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone Acetic Acid Acids Ammonium Hydroxide Benzoic Acid Butanols Butyric Acid Carboxylic Acids chloroacetic acid Cyclohexanol cyclohexanone cyclopentanol cyclopentanone Dicarboxylic Acids Ethanol formic acid Lactones mellitic acid Metals n-pentanol Oxalic Acids Polymers Polyvinyl Alcohol potassium hydroxide Povidone propionic acid Resins, Plant Sodium Hydroxide Solvents Tricarboxylic Acids Trifluoroacetic Acid Viscosity
5
Functionalized Metallic Nanofiber Composition
Not available on PMC !

Example 17

    • A composition comprising:
    • about 0.01% to 3.0% of a plurality of functionalized metallic nanofibers 100;
    • a first solvent comprising about 18% to 28% 2-propanol (isopropyl alcohol or IPA), 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 1-butanol, ethanol, diethylene glycol, 1-pentanol or 1-hexanol, or mixtures thereof;
    • a viscosity modifier, resin, or binder comprising about 1.5% to 2.5% cellulose resin such as propoxymethyl cellulose, methoxyl cellulose or hydroxypropyl cellulose resin, or mixtures thereof;
    • a second solvent comprising about 15% to 25% of n-propanol, 2-propanol, or diethylene glycol, or mixtures thereof; and
    • with the balance comprising a third solvent such as (deionized) water, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, cyclopentanol, butyl lactone, or mixtures thereof.

US11866827B2. Metallic nanofiber ink, substantially transparent conductor, and fabrication method (2024-01-09). NthDegree Technologies Worldwide Inc. [US]. Inventors: Mark David Lowenthal [US], Mark Lewandowski [US], Jeffrey Baldridge [US], Lixin Zheng [US], David Michael Chesler [US].
Patent 2024
1-hexanol 1-Propanol Butyl Alcohol Cellulose Cyclohexanol cyclohexanone cyclopentanol cyclopentanone diethylene glycol Ethanol hydroxypropylcellulose Isopropyl Alcohol Lactones Metals methoxyisopropanol n-pentanol Resins, Plant Solvents Viscosity

Top products related to «Lactones»

1
Alamethicin by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Sao Tome and Principe, Germany, Belgium
Alamethicin is a peptide-based laboratory product manufactured by Merck Group. It functions as an ion channel-forming polypeptide, facilitating the movement of small molecules across lipid bilayers in controlled experimental settings.
2
Clasto lactacystin β lactone by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Clasto-lactacystin β-lactone is a laboratory reagent used in biochemical and cell biology research. It is a proteasome inhibitor that can be used to study the effects of proteasome inhibition on cellular processes.
3
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Italy, Sao Tome and Principe, France, Macao, India, Canada, Switzerland, Japan, Australia, Spain, Poland, Belgium, Brazil, Czechia, Portugal, Austria, Denmark, Israel, Sweden, Ireland, Hungary, Mexico, Netherlands, Singapore, Indonesia, Slovakia, Cameroon, Norway, Thailand, Chile, Finland, Malaysia, Latvia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Pakistan, Uruguay, Bangladesh
DMSO is a versatile organic solvent commonly used in laboratory settings. It has a high boiling point, low viscosity, and the ability to dissolve a wide range of polar and non-polar compounds. DMSO's core function is as a solvent, allowing for the effective dissolution and handling of various chemical substances during research and experimentation.
4
Spectramax m2 by Molecular Devices
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, China, Japan, Germany, Australia, France, Canada
The SpectraMax M2 is a multi-mode microplate reader capable of absorbance, fluorescence, and luminescence measurements. It features a high-performance optical system and advanced data analysis software for accurate and reproducible results. The SpectraMax M2 is designed for a wide range of applications in life science research and drug discovery.
5
D saccharic 1 by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
D-saccharic-1 is a chemical compound used in laboratory settings. It serves as a core functional component in various analytical and experimental procedures. The precise details and intended applications of this product require further information to describe accurately and without extrapolation.
6
D saccharic 1 4 lactone by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
D-saccharic-1,4-lactone is a chemical compound used as a laboratory reagent. It is a cyclic ester derived from D-glucaric acid. This product is suitable for use in various analytical and research applications.
7
D glucono δ lactone by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
D-glucono-δ-lactone is a lactone compound derived from the oxidation of D-glucose. It is a white crystalline powder that is commonly used as a food additive and in various industrial applications. The core function of D-glucono-δ-lactone is to act as a pH regulator, buffer, and chelating agent.
8
D saccharic acid 1 4 lactone by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
D-saccharic acid 1,4-lactone is a chemical compound used in various laboratory applications. It is a cyclic ester derived from the oxidation of D-gluconic acid. This product can be utilized in research and analytical procedures where its chemical properties are relevant, but a detailed description of its intended use is not provided.
9
Mg132 by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, China, United Kingdom, Macao, Sao Tome and Principe, France, Canada, Italy, Switzerland, Morocco, Belgium, Japan, Sweden, Australia, Austria, Israel, Spain
MG132 is a proteasome inhibitor, a type of laboratory reagent used in research applications. It functions by blocking the activity of the proteasome, a complex of enzymes responsible for the degradation of proteins within cells. MG132 is commonly used in cell biology and biochemistry studies to investigate the role of the proteasome in various cellular processes.
10
Lab tek 2 chamber slide system by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, Denmark
The Lab-Tek II Chamber Slide System is a laboratory equipment used for cell culture and microscopy applications. It provides a specialized slide with removable chambers that can hold sample materials for observation and analysis under a microscope.

More about "Lactones"

Lactones are a diverse class of organic compounds characterized by a cyclic ester structure.
These versatile molecules are found in a variety of natural and synthetic sources, and have a wide range of applications in fields such as pharmaceuticals, flavors, and fragrances.
Lactones exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties.
Researchers can optimize their lactone-related studies using PubCompare.ai's AI-driven protocol comparison tools, which help identify the best protocols from literature, preprints, and patents.
This streamlines the research and development process, allowing scientists to quickly locate top products and procedures for their lactone studies.
Some key subtopics and related terms in the world of lactones include: - Alamethicin: A cyclic peptide lactone with antifungal and antimicrobial properties. - Clasto-lactacystin β-lactone: A synthetic derivative of the proteasome inhibitor lactacystin. - DMSO (Dimethyl sulfoxide): A polar aprotic solvent commonly used in lactone research and development. - SpectraMax M2: A multi-mode microplate reader useful for analyzing lactone-related biological assays. - D-saccharic-1,4-lactone, D-glucono-δ-lactone, D-saccharic acid 1,4-lactone: Naturally occurring lactones with potential therapeutic applications. - MG132: A proteasome inhibitor that can be used in conjunction with lactone compounds. - Lab-Tek II Chamber Slide System: A tool for culturing cells and conducting microscopy studies on lactone-treated samples.
Whether you're studying the antimicrobial properties of natural lactones or developing new synthetic lactone-based pharmaceuticals, PubCompare.ai's AI-powered protocol comparison can help streamline your research and development effrorts.
Leveraging the latest literature, preprints, and patents, our intelligent search and analysis tools can help you quickly identify the top products and proceedures for your lactone-related studies.