Triiodo-L-thryonine (T3) and L-thyroxine (T4) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (≥ 95%; St. Louis, MO). PCB 11, 28, 52, 84, 95, 101, 118, 135, 138, 149, 153 and 180, as well as the hydroxylated and sulfated metabolites of PCB 11 and 52, were synthesized and authenticated by the Synthesis Core of the University of Iowa Superfund Research Program (The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA). Synthesis methods for all congeners are detailed in the supplemental material except for PCB 11 and its metabolites, which have been reported previously.47 (link)–49 (link) All synthesized PCBs were > 99% pure as determined by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and GC-MS (Supplemental Material ). THR antagonist, NH-3, was synthesized by Dr. Heike Wulff (University of California Davis, Davis, CA) as previously described.50 (link) All stock solutions for in vitro experiments were made in dry sterile dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO, Sigma-Aldrich). PCB standards (PCB 11, 28, 52, 77, 84, 91, 95, 101, 118, 131, 132, 135, 136, 138, 149, 153, 174, 175, 176, 180, and 196) for the analysis of PCBs in maternal serum were purchased from AccuStandard, Inc. (New Haven, CT, USA). Stock solutions for analytical techniques were made in isooctane (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA).
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Levothyroxine
Levothyroxine
Levothyroxine, a synthetic thyroid hormone, is a widely used medication for the treatment of hypothyroidism.
It is a central component in the management of thyroid disorders, playing a crucial role in regulating metabolism, growth, and development.
PubCompare.ai offers researchers an innovative platform to optimize Levothyroxine studies, enabling them to locate the best protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, while enhancing reproducibility and accuaracy.
This AI-powered tool streamlines the research process, empowering scientists to make informed decisions and advance their understanding of this essential thyroid medication.
It is a central component in the management of thyroid disorders, playing a crucial role in regulating metabolism, growth, and development.
PubCompare.ai offers researchers an innovative platform to optimize Levothyroxine studies, enabling them to locate the best protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, while enhancing reproducibility and accuaracy.
This AI-powered tool streamlines the research process, empowering scientists to make informed decisions and advance their understanding of this essential thyroid medication.
Most cited protocols related to «Levothyroxine»
1H NMR
2,2,4-trimethylpentane
Anabolism
Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Levothyroxine
Mothers
Polychlorinated Biphenyls
Serum
Sterility, Reproductive
Sulfoxide, Dimethyl
Primary cultures of mouse oligodendrocytes were prepared as described previously (Simons et al., 2000 (link)). After shaking, cells were plated in MEM containing B27 supplement, 1% horse serum, L-thyroxine, tri-iodo-thyronine, glucose, glutamine, gentamycine, pyruvate, and bicarbonate on poly-l -lysine–coated dishes or glass coverslips. Cocultures of neurons and oligodendrocytes were produced by preparing mixed brain cultures from 16-d-old fetal mice that were cultivated for 2 wk, to which the primary oligodendrocytes or Oli-neu cells were added. The mixed brain cultures were prepared at a density of ∼50,000 cells/cm2. Cocultures without direct neuron–glia contact were prepared by growing neuronal cultures on glass coverslips, which were placed upside down on a metal ring positioned in a culture dish. Oligodendrocytes were added on an additional coverslip facing upwards. The oligodendroglial precursor cell line, Oli-neu (provided by J. Trotter, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany), and OLN-93 cells (provided by C. Richter-Landsberg, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany) were cultured as described previously (Jung et al., 1995 (link); Richter-Landsberg and Heinrich, 1996). Transient transfections were performed using FuGENE transfection reagent (Roche) according to the manufacturer's protocol. PLP-EGFP was generated by fusing EGFP to the COOH terminus of PLP by gene fusion PCR. The fusion product was cloned into pEGFPN1 vector using the EcoRI–NotI site. Stable cell lines were obtained by the cotransfection of PLP-EGFPNI and pMSCV-hygro (CLONTECH Laboratories, Inc.) followed by the selection of clones by incubation with hygromycin.
Brain
Cell Lines
Cells
Clone Cells
Cloning Vectors
Coculture Techniques
Deoxyribonuclease EcoRI
Dietary Supplements
Equus caballus
Fetus
FuGene
Gene Fusion
Glucose
Glutamine
hygromycin A
Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal
Iodine
Ion, Bicarbonate
Levothyroxine
Lysine
Metals
Mus
Neuroglia
Neurons
Oligodendroglia
Poly A
Pyruvate
Serum
Thyronine
Transfection
Transients
All statistical analyses were performed by proprietary statistical software.5 ,6 Continuous data were assessed for normality by the Shapiro‐Wilk test and by visual inspection of graphical plots.22 , 23 Data were not normally distributed; therefore, all analyses used nonparametric tests.23 Results are reported as median (interquartile range [IQR], 25th–75th percentile) and are represented graphically as box‐and‐whisker plots and bar graphs. For all analyses, statistical significance was defined as P ≤ .05.
For analysis, cats were classified into 1 of 4 thyroid categories based on the reference intervals established for serum T4 (0.9–3.9 μg/dL) and TSH (0.03–0.3 ng/mL) concentrations: persistent hyperthyroidism (T4 ≥ 4.0 μg/dL; TSH <0.03 ng/mL), euthyroidism (T4, 0.9–3.9 μg/dL; TSH ≤ 0.3 ng/mL), overt hypothyroidism (T4 ≤ 0.8 μg/dL; TSH > 0.3 ng/mL), and subclinical hypothyroidism (T4 0.9–3.9 μg/dL; TSH > 0.3 ng/mL). See DataS1 for details on how we determined the reference intervals for serum T4 and TSH concentrations. The thyroid status of each cat was assessed at 3 and 6 months after 131I treatment, but not at 1 month to prevent misclassification of cats that might still be recovering from TSH suppression secondary to the original hyperthyroid state.
Although dependent on the discretion of both owner and referring veterinarian, supplementation with a low dose (0.075 mg once daily) of levothyroxine (L‐T4) was recommended in any cat that had overt hypothyroidism 3 or more months after radioiodine treatment, or in any cat with subclinical hypothyroidism and worsening azotemia detected at the 3‐month examination. For cats supplemented with L‐T4 at 3 months, the T4 and TSH concentrations measured at 6 months were excluded from numerical statistical analysis. However, the categorical data still classified these cats as hypothyroid at the 6‐month recheck examination.
Continuous variables were compared between groups by the Mann‐Whitney U‐test; comparisons among 2 or more measurements within a group (before–after) were compared with the Wilcoxon signed ranks test. Categorical variables were compared among groups by the chi‐square test (or Fisher's exact test, where appropriate).
Before study enrollment, the sample size for the study was estimated based on an estimated incidence of overt hypothyroidism of approximately 25% for the standard‐dose treatment and 5% for the low‐dose treatment (effect size of ~20% difference) with twice the number of cats being enrolled in the low‐dose group. With an alpha error rate of 5% and a power of 80%,24 this yielded an estimate of approximately 68 cats in the low‐dose group and 34 cats in the standard‐dose group. During the enrollment period, cats receiving low‐dose 131I were enrolled at a ratio of about 3.8:1 cat treated with standard‐dose treatment. These cats were included to increase the power to detect an even smaller significant treatment difference should it be observed.
For analysis, cats were classified into 1 of 4 thyroid categories based on the reference intervals established for serum T4 (0.9–3.9 μg/dL) and TSH (0.03–0.3 ng/mL) concentrations: persistent hyperthyroidism (T4 ≥ 4.0 μg/dL; TSH <0.03 ng/mL), euthyroidism (T4, 0.9–3.9 μg/dL; TSH ≤ 0.3 ng/mL), overt hypothyroidism (T4 ≤ 0.8 μg/dL; TSH > 0.3 ng/mL), and subclinical hypothyroidism (T4 0.9–3.9 μg/dL; TSH > 0.3 ng/mL). See Data
Although dependent on the discretion of both owner and referring veterinarian, supplementation with a low dose (0.075 mg once daily) of levothyroxine (L‐T4) was recommended in any cat that had overt hypothyroidism 3 or more months after radioiodine treatment, or in any cat with subclinical hypothyroidism and worsening azotemia detected at the 3‐month examination. For cats supplemented with L‐T4 at 3 months, the T4 and TSH concentrations measured at 6 months were excluded from numerical statistical analysis. However, the categorical data still classified these cats as hypothyroid at the 6‐month recheck examination.
Continuous variables were compared between groups by the Mann‐Whitney U‐test; comparisons among 2 or more measurements within a group (before–after) were compared with the Wilcoxon signed ranks test. Categorical variables were compared among groups by the chi‐square test (or Fisher's exact test, where appropriate).
Before study enrollment, the sample size for the study was estimated based on an estimated incidence of overt hypothyroidism of approximately 25% for the standard‐dose treatment and 5% for the low‐dose treatment (effect size of ~20% difference) with twice the number of cats being enrolled in the low‐dose group. With an alpha error rate of 5% and a power of 80%,
Azotemia
Felis catus
Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Levothyroxine
Serum
Thyroid Gland
Veterinarian
Vibrissae
Adult
Animals
Artery, Coronary
Catheterization
Catheters
Echocardiography
Heart Ventricle
Left Ventricles
Left Ventricular Function
Levothyroxine
NOS2A protein, human
Operative Surgical Procedures
Pellets, Drug
Placebos
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Woman
1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine
Actins
Adipocytes
Adipogenesis
Antibodies
Biological Factors
Caspase 3
Cell Line Authentication
Cell Lines
Cells
ciglitazone
CSNK1A1 protein, human
CTNNB1 protein, human
Culture Media, Serum-Free
Cyclin D1
Dexamethasone
Eagle
Fetal Bovine Serum
Glucose
Heparin
Homo sapiens
Insulin
Levothyroxine
Novus
Operative Surgical Procedures
Retroperitoneal Space
Short Tandem Repeat
Western Blot
Woman
Most recents protocols related to «Levothyroxine»
Example 4
Ultrapure water was taken in a compounding vessel and L-Arginine was added and stirred. Propylene glycol was added to the solution and stirred. Methyl paraben was added. pH of the solution was adjusted to 11±0.5 by the addition of sodium hydroxide solution. The solution was cooled to 2° C. to 8° C. Levothyroxine sodium was added and stirred till a clear solution was obtained. The solution was filtered, followed by filling into suitable containers.
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Arginine
Blood Vessel
hydroxide ion
Levothyroxine
Levothyroxine Sodium
methylparaben
Parabens
Propylene Glycol
Sodium Hydroxide
Our investigations focused on serum thyroid hormone levels at 11 DPI in piglets, as T3 hormone levels were most extremely suppressed at this timepoint post PRRSV challenge (Pasternak et al., 2021 (link)). Fetal T3 and T4 levels were measured on sera collected on day of termination at 12 or 21 DPMI, depending on the animal experiment the fetuses were derived from (Pasternak et al., 2020b (link)). There are two primary reasons we have not used the T3:T4 ratio in our analysis. The first is that this value is typically evaluated in the human clinical setting, particularly when evaluating the response to levothyroxine treatment. The value in this measure is derived from an established ratio of production (1:13) in the healthy thyroid, however such a ratio has not been effectively established in a healthy fetal pig throughout gestation. The second stems from our past investigations into fetal thyroid hormone response to PRRSV (Pasternak et al., 2020b (link); Ko et al., 2022 (link)) which indicates that the relative response of these two hormones is dependent on fetal phenotype. In short fetuses classified as viable show a decrease in both T3 and T4 while those classified as meconium stained primarily have a decrease in T4 while maintaining near normal levels of T3. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis on the ratio is therefore likely to identify SNPs associated with the phenotype rather than those directly associated with thyroid hormone. All sera was stored at −20°C or −80 °C, respectively, until used to test total T3 (piglet_T3, or fetal_T3, ng/dL) or T4 (fetal_T4, µg/dL) levels using commercial RIA kits (MP Biomedical, Irvine, CA) as previously described (Pasternak et al., 2020b (link)).
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Care, Prenatal
Fetus
Genome-Wide Association Study
Homo sapiens
Hormones
Levothyroxine
Meconium
Phenotype
Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus
Pregnancy
Serum
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
Stem, Plant
Thyroid Gland
Thyroid Hormones
To prepare samples for T4 and T3 quantification, 10 µL of the internal standard (13C6-L-Triiodo-thyronine (T3) and L-thyroxine-13C6 (T4)) and 6 µL DMSO/methanol (1:1) were added to 50 µL non-diluted samples of medium. After vortexing, two volumes of acetonitrile containing 0.2% heptafluorobutyric acid were added (100 µL). After mixing and centrifugation (8,000 × rpm, 10 min), 80 µL of the supernatants were subjected to LC-HRMS.
The HPLC system consisted of a Dionex UltiMate 3000 RS pump and Dionex UltiMate 3000 RS column compartment and Accela Open Autosampler (Thermo Fisher Scientific, United States). Mass spectrometry was performed on a Q-Exactive Plus mass spectrometer (Orbitrap™ technology with accurate mass) equipped with an H-ESI-II (positive ionization) (Thermo Fisher Scientific, United States) connected to a PC running the standard software Xcalibur 4.0.27.19. Separation was performed on a Kinetex Phenyl-Hexyl analytical column (2.6 µ, 50 × 2.1 mm from Thermo Fisher, Schwerte, Germany) for quantification using gradient elution using 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile (solvent A) and 0.1% formic acid in water (solvent B); the pump flow rate was set to 600 μL/min. The gradient was as follows: Initial = 5% A; 0.10 min = 5% A; 0.60 min = 97% A; 1.7 min = 97% A; 1.80 min = 5% A; 3.00 min = 5% A. The injection volume was 3 µL for all samples.
The LOQs for T4 and T3 quantification in Chip3 medium (with 0.5% BSA) were both 0.3 nM. The limits of detection (LODs, defined as the concentration where the signal intensity was 3 times the noise) for T4 and T3 quantification in Chip3 medium (with 0.5% BSA) were both 0.05 nM (the only exception was the LOD for T4 in the static incubation with genistein and daidzein, which was 0.18 nM). The LOQs for T4 and T3 quantification in h7H medium were 0.6 and 0.3 nM, respectively. The LOQ for thyroxine 4′-O-beta-D-glucuronide (T4-glucuronide) and thyroxine-4′-O-sulfate (T3 sulfate) quantification in Chip3 medium was 0.2 and 0.4 nM, respectively. The LOQ for T4, T3, T4-glucuronide and T3 sulfate were defined as the concentrations where signal intensity reached 5 times the noise.
T4 and T3 levels were expressed as 1) nM, 2) pmoles/million cells, 3) a percentage of the initial levels or 4) a percentage of solvent control values at each timepoint. For 3), replicate values for control and treated samples at each timepoint were compared to their mean initial value (on Day 1) and expressed as a percentage. For 4), values were calculated by comparing each replicate from the treated samples with the mean solvent control value for the corresponding timepoint. T4:T3 ratios were calculated by dividing the T4 concentration by the T3 concentration present within each separate medium sample. Replicates from all calculations were averaged and the associated error calculated.
The HPLC system consisted of a Dionex UltiMate 3000 RS pump and Dionex UltiMate 3000 RS column compartment and Accela Open Autosampler (Thermo Fisher Scientific, United States). Mass spectrometry was performed on a Q-Exactive Plus mass spectrometer (Orbitrap™ technology with accurate mass) equipped with an H-ESI-II (positive ionization) (Thermo Fisher Scientific, United States) connected to a PC running the standard software Xcalibur 4.0.27.19. Separation was performed on a Kinetex Phenyl-Hexyl analytical column (2.6 µ, 50 × 2.1 mm from Thermo Fisher, Schwerte, Germany) for quantification using gradient elution using 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile (solvent A) and 0.1% formic acid in water (solvent B); the pump flow rate was set to 600 μL/min. The gradient was as follows: Initial = 5% A; 0.10 min = 5% A; 0.60 min = 97% A; 1.7 min = 97% A; 1.80 min = 5% A; 3.00 min = 5% A. The injection volume was 3 µL for all samples.
The LOQs for T4 and T3 quantification in Chip3 medium (with 0.5% BSA) were both 0.3 nM. The limits of detection (LODs, defined as the concentration where the signal intensity was 3 times the noise) for T4 and T3 quantification in Chip3 medium (with 0.5% BSA) were both 0.05 nM (the only exception was the LOD for T4 in the static incubation with genistein and daidzein, which was 0.18 nM). The LOQs for T4 and T3 quantification in h7H medium were 0.6 and 0.3 nM, respectively. The LOQ for thyroxine 4′-O-beta-D-glucuronide (T4-glucuronide) and thyroxine-4′-O-sulfate (T3 sulfate) quantification in Chip3 medium was 0.2 and 0.4 nM, respectively. The LOQ for T4, T3, T4-glucuronide and T3 sulfate were defined as the concentrations where signal intensity reached 5 times the noise.
T4 and T3 levels were expressed as 1) nM, 2) pmoles/million cells, 3) a percentage of the initial levels or 4) a percentage of solvent control values at each timepoint. For 3), replicate values for control and treated samples at each timepoint were compared to their mean initial value (on Day 1) and expressed as a percentage. For 4), values were calculated by comparing each replicate from the treated samples with the mean solvent control value for the corresponding timepoint. T4:T3 ratios were calculated by dividing the T4 concentration by the T3 concentration present within each separate medium sample. Replicates from all calculations were averaged and the associated error calculated.
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acetonitrile
Cells
Centrifugation
daidzein
DNA Replication
formic acid
Genistein
Glucuronides
High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies
Levothyroxine
Mass Spectrometry
Methanol
perfluorobutyric acid
Solvents
Sulfoxide, Dimethyl
Thyronine
Thyroxine
thyroxine sulfate
This was a prospective observational study carried out over a period of two months (May to June). Study approval was taken from the Institutional Ethics Committee of Civil Hospital Ahmedabad (CHA) (reference number EC/Approval/59/2021/01/06/2021). Written permission was taken from the Head of the Department of Medicine and Surgery of CHA. The principal investigator visited both departments daily. Patients were enrolled as per inclusion criteria, and all necessary information was collected and recorded in a pretested case record form (CRF), which included demographic details, prescription patterns of gastroprotective agents, other details of comorbidities, diagnosis of patients, and other concomitant drugs prescribed. Data regarding the dose of individual drugs, their dosage form, frequency and route of administration, and total days of therapy were also recorded. A cost analysis of gastroprotective agents was done, and the average cost per patient for gastroprotective agents was calculated. The patients were followed up until discharge. Prescriptions of both departments were evaluated according to WHO core indicators for prescriptions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Details such as gender, diagnosis of patients, and prescription pattern of gastroprotective agents were analyzed using frequency and percentage. Mean and standard deviation were used to consider the age and average cost of gastroprotective agents per patient, which was spent in Indian Rupees (INR).
The inclusion criteria for subject selection were patients of any gender above 18 years of age who are hospitalized, with a minimum of one gastroprotective agent prescribed during hospitalization, and patients who were willing to give written informed consent. The exclusion criteria were patients not receiving gastroprotective agents during hospitalization and patients not willing to give written informed consent.
Patients were selected using the simple random sampling method. The sample size of the study was 200 (100 each from medicine and surgery departments). The collected data were analyzed as per the following headings: indication for the prescription of gastroprotective agents, type of formulation prescribed, duration of therapy, total number of gastroprotective agents prescribed, drug-drug interactions (drug-drug interaction was checked using the Medscape drug interaction checker and drug interaction checker fromdrugs.com ), and cost analysis of gastroprotective agents.
Drug interactions can fall into three categories: minor (minimally clinically significant; minimize risk, assess risk and consider an alternative drug, take steps to circumvent the interaction risk, and/or institute a monitoring plan (seen with aspirin)), moderate (moderately clinically significant; usually avoid combinations and use it only under special circumstances (seen with amphotericin b, atorvastatin, dabigatran, furosemide, levothyroxine, iron, warfarin, and clopidogrel)), and major (highly clinically significant; avoid combinations; the risk of the interaction outweighs the benefit) [9 ].
The inclusion criteria for subject selection were patients of any gender above 18 years of age who are hospitalized, with a minimum of one gastroprotective agent prescribed during hospitalization, and patients who were willing to give written informed consent. The exclusion criteria were patients not receiving gastroprotective agents during hospitalization and patients not willing to give written informed consent.
Patients were selected using the simple random sampling method. The sample size of the study was 200 (100 each from medicine and surgery departments). The collected data were analyzed as per the following headings: indication for the prescription of gastroprotective agents, type of formulation prescribed, duration of therapy, total number of gastroprotective agents prescribed, drug-drug interactions (drug-drug interaction was checked using the Medscape drug interaction checker and drug interaction checker from
Drug interactions can fall into three categories: minor (minimally clinically significant; minimize risk, assess risk and consider an alternative drug, take steps to circumvent the interaction risk, and/or institute a monitoring plan (seen with aspirin)), moderate (moderately clinically significant; usually avoid combinations and use it only under special circumstances (seen with amphotericin b, atorvastatin, dabigatran, furosemide, levothyroxine, iron, warfarin, and clopidogrel)), and major (highly clinically significant; avoid combinations; the risk of the interaction outweighs the benefit) [9 ].
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Amphotericin B
Aspirin
Atorvastatin
Clopidogrel
Dabigatran
Diagnosis
Dosage Forms
Drug Interactions
Furosemide
Gender
Head
Hospitalization
Institutional Ethics Committees
Iron
Levothyroxine
Operative Surgical Procedures
Patient Discharge
Patients
Pharmaceutical Preparations
Therapeutics
Vision
Warfarin
The target population was adults with hypothyroidism. Inclusion criteria were: Women or men, 25–65 years old (protocol amendment), with subclinical hypothyroidism (elevated TSH level and a normal or low free T4 level) for at least 6 months (protocol amendment), and BMI less than 35 who were being treated by levothyroxine. Exclusion criteria were: Lactating or pregnancy; History of taking probiotic or synbiotic supplements in the last three months; Smoking or alcohol consumption; Taking appetite suppressants such as antibiotics; Use of antibiotics and any medications that interact with synbiotics; Gastrointestinal diseases such as stomach ulcers, diarrhea or constipation etc. for three months before or during the intervention; Unwillingness to continue cooperation, and non-compliance during the intervention. Participants were also excluded in case of catching infectious diseases such as Covid-19, occurrence of pregnancy, and undergoing surgery during the study period.
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Adult
Antibiotics, Antitubercular
Appetite Depressants
Communicable Diseases
Constipation
COVID 19
Diarrhea
Dietary Supplements
Gastrointestinal Diseases
Hypothyroidism
Levothyroxine
Operative Surgical Procedures
Pharmaceutical Preparations
Pregnancy
Probiotics
Synbiotics
Target Population
Ulcer, Gastric
Woman
Top products related to «Levothyroxine»
Sourced in United States, Germany, Italy
L-thyroxine is a synthetic form of the thyroid hormone thyroxine. It is used as a laboratory reagent for various applications in research and diagnostics.
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Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is a common laboratory reagent derived from bovine blood plasma. It is a protein that serves as a stabilizer and blocking agent in various biochemical and immunological applications. BSA is widely used to maintain the activity and solubility of enzymes, proteins, and other biomolecules in experimental settings.
Sourced in United States, Germany, Japan, United Kingdom, France, Italy, China, Canada, Czechia, Belgium, Australia, Switzerland
The N2 supplement is a laboratory-grade nitrogen enrichment solution used to support the growth and development of cell cultures. It provides an additional source of nitrogen to cell culture media, which is essential for cellular metabolism and protein synthesis.
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Papain is a proteolytic enzyme derived from the papaya fruit. It is a highly purified and concentrated form of the naturally occurring enzyme. Papain exhibits catalytic activity for the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in proteins.
Sourced in United States
Levothyroxine is a synthetic thyroid hormone used in the treatment of hypothyroidism. It is a laboratory-produced medication that functions as a replacement for the natural thyroid hormone thyroxine. Levothyroxine works by supplementing the body's natural thyroid hormone levels when they are insufficient.
Sourced in United States, Hungary, Italy
3,3′,5-triiodo-L-thyronine is a pharmaceutical product used as a reference standard in laboratory applications. It is a synthetic form of the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3). This product is commonly used in analytical procedures and research settings to validate test methods and ensure accuracy of measurements.
Sourced in France, United States
Succinic acid-2,2,3,3-d4 is a deuterated form of succinic acid, a dicarboxylic acid. It serves as a chemical standard and reference material for analytical and research applications.
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DL-Alanine-15N is a stable isotope-labeled amino acid. It is a white, crystalline powder. The molecular formula is C3H7NO2 and the molecular weight is 90.08 g/mol. DL-Alanine-15N contains the 15N isotope.
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Pluronic F68 is a non-ionic surfactant commonly used in cell culture applications. It is a block copolymer composed of polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide. Pluronic F68 functions as a cell protectant and can help maintain cell viability during various bioprocessing operations.
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Penicillin/streptomycin is a commonly used antibiotic mixture for cell culture applications. It provides broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity to prevent bacterial contamination in cell culture experiments.
More about "Levothyroxine"
Levothyroxine, also known as L-thyroxine, is a synthetic form of the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4).
It is a widely prescribed medication for the treatment of hypothyroidism, a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones.
Levothyroxine plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism, growth, and development.
Hypothyroidism can be caused by various factors, including autoimmune disorders, radiation treatment, or surgical removal of the thyroid gland.
Symptoms of hypothyroidism may include fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, and depression.
Levothyroxine is the primary treatment for hypothyroidism, as it helps to restore normal thyroid hormone levels and alleviate these symptoms.
In addition to its use in treating hypothyroidism, levothyroxine may also be prescribed for other thyroid-related conditions, such as goiter, thyroid cancer, and certain types of thyroid nodules.
It is important to note that the dosage of levothyroxine must be carefully adjusted to ensure optimal thyroid hormone levels, as both under- and over-treatment can have adverse effects.
Researchers studying levothyroxine can benefit from tools like PubCompare.ai, which uses artificial intelligence to optimize research processes.
This platform allows researchers to locate the best protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, enhancing the reproducibility and accuracy of their studies.
By streamlining the research process, PubCompare.ai empowers scientists to make more informed decisions and advance their understanding of this essential thyroid medication.
Related terms and concepts that may be relevant to levothyroxine research include bovine serum albumin, which is sometimes used as a stabilizer in levothyroxine formulations, and N2 supplement, which may be used in cell culture media for thyroid-related studies.
Additionally, enzymes like papain may be utilized in the purification or modification of levothyroxine or related compounds, while succinic acid-2,2,3,3-d4 and DL-alanine-15N could be used as internal standards or labeling compounds in analytical methods.
The use of Pluronic F68 and penicillin/streptomycin may also be relevant in the development and testing of levothyroxine-based therapies or related products.
It is a widely prescribed medication for the treatment of hypothyroidism, a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones.
Levothyroxine plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism, growth, and development.
Hypothyroidism can be caused by various factors, including autoimmune disorders, radiation treatment, or surgical removal of the thyroid gland.
Symptoms of hypothyroidism may include fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, and depression.
Levothyroxine is the primary treatment for hypothyroidism, as it helps to restore normal thyroid hormone levels and alleviate these symptoms.
In addition to its use in treating hypothyroidism, levothyroxine may also be prescribed for other thyroid-related conditions, such as goiter, thyroid cancer, and certain types of thyroid nodules.
It is important to note that the dosage of levothyroxine must be carefully adjusted to ensure optimal thyroid hormone levels, as both under- and over-treatment can have adverse effects.
Researchers studying levothyroxine can benefit from tools like PubCompare.ai, which uses artificial intelligence to optimize research processes.
This platform allows researchers to locate the best protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, enhancing the reproducibility and accuracy of their studies.
By streamlining the research process, PubCompare.ai empowers scientists to make more informed decisions and advance their understanding of this essential thyroid medication.
Related terms and concepts that may be relevant to levothyroxine research include bovine serum albumin, which is sometimes used as a stabilizer in levothyroxine formulations, and N2 supplement, which may be used in cell culture media for thyroid-related studies.
Additionally, enzymes like papain may be utilized in the purification or modification of levothyroxine or related compounds, while succinic acid-2,2,3,3-d4 and DL-alanine-15N could be used as internal standards or labeling compounds in analytical methods.
The use of Pluronic F68 and penicillin/streptomycin may also be relevant in the development and testing of levothyroxine-based therapies or related products.