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Lignans

Lignans are a class of polyphenolic compounds found in various plants, especially flaxseed, sesame, and some herbs.
They have been studied for their potential health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties.
Lignans may also play a role in regulating hormone levels and reducing the risk of certain chronic diseases.
Researchers use a variety of methods to study the effects and mechanisms of lignins, including in vitro experiments, animal studies, and human clinical trials.
Optimizing research protocols and ensuring reproducability are key challenges in this field, which can be addressed using AI-driven platforms like PubCompare.ai.
This innovative tool helps scientists easily locate the best lignans research protocols, identify effective products, and optimize their experimental designs to advance the understanding of these fascinating natural compounds.

Most cited protocols related to «Lignans»

In vitro cytotoxicity and clonogenicity assays were performed using the sulforhodamine B (SRB) (MP Biomedicals, LLC) protein staining assay [40 ,41 (link),42 (link),43 ], using the cell lines described before. Briefly, cells were seeded in 384- or 96-well microtiter plates at a density of 1 × 104 cells/mL, and placed in an incubator (5% CO2 and 37 °C) for 8 h. Afterward, different concentrations (0.08, 0.4, 2, and 10 µg/mL) of pure compounds and positive controls (POD and VP-16) were added in triplicate and incubated for 72 h.
Afterward, cells were fixed with cold trichloroacetic acid (30% in water) and stained with SRB (0.4% in a 1% of acetic acid solution). Cells were washed with 1% of acetic acid solution. Finally, the bound colorant was solubilized with Tris-base to obtain optical density (ODsample). The bound colorant was proportional with either total protein or cells amount. DMSO (final concentration of 0.5%) was used as vehicle and blank (ODblank). The total protein concentration in a single plate with cells at the beginning of the assay was considered as zero (ODzero). Microtiter plates were incubated for 72 h after which the total protein concentration was determined with Equation (1). This assay measures the respective absorbance at 490 nm using a spectrophotometer (Molecular Devices, SPECTRA max plus 384).

To determine the recovery percentage, an in vitro clonogenicity assay was performed. Cells were seeded, incubated, and treated in microtiter plates under the previously described conditions. After 72 h of treatment, the culture media of each well was removed, followed by two washes with phosphate buffered saline (PBS), before warm media supplemented with FBS was added to the cells and incubated for an additional 72 h in the same conditions. The percentage of proliferation was then determined using Equation (1).
We have defined percentage of recovery as the percentage of survival at 72 h of treatment added to the percentage of proliferation calculated 72 h post-treatment. This is outlined in Equation (2) and Figure 4:

The half inhibitory concentrations of lignans and controls were calculated from six concentrations (0.0032, 0.016, 0.08, 0.4, 2, and 10 µg/mL). Data analysis was performed using the relationship between the % of survival cells (total protein, Equation (1)) and the relative optical density vs. concentration as a logarithm expression. The IC50 values were reported as a mean of three independent experiments ± standard deviation (S.D.).
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Publication 2016
Acetic Acid Aftercare Biological Assay Cell Lines Cells Cell Survival Cold Temperature Culture Media Cytotoxin Lignans lissamine rhodamine B Medical Devices Phosphates Proteins Psychological Inhibition Saline Solution Staphylococcal Protein A Sulfoxide, Dimethyl Trichloroacetic Acid Tromethamine Vision VP-16

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Publication 2004
Acetic Acid Anthocyanins Chalcones Coumaric Acids Coumarins Curcuminoid Ellagitannins Flavanones Flavones Flavonols formic acid Gallotannins High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Hydroxybenzoic Acids Isoflavones Leucoanthocyanidins Lignans Medicinal Herbs Methanol Proanthocyanidins Quinones Retention (Psychology) sodium phosphate Stilbenes Tannins
We used the same procedures in the NJ Ovarian Cancer Study and the EDGE Study to standardize data collection in cases and controls. Interviewers were trained using the same procedures and same training manual. Interviews, conducted by telephone for most respondents, covered established and suspected risk factors for ovarian cancer. In addition to the interview, participants were mailed a package with instructions for providing buccal specimens and waist and hip circumference measurements and the Block 98.2 food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Participants were instructed to report their usual intake of the food items in the questionnaire during the six months before diagnosis (for cases) or the date of the interview (for controls). Two hundred and five (88%) cases and 398 controls (85%) returned the FFQ. The participants who returned the FFQ tended to be older, but there were no significant differences in education, oral contraceptive use, hormone replacement therapy use, tubal ligation or family history of ovarian cancer (data not shown). Eight of the controls were excluded because both of their ovaries had been removed, placing them at negligible risk of developing ovarian cancer, resulting in 390 controls being included in analyses.
The Block 98.2 FFQ (NutritionQuest, Berkeley, CA) includes 110 food items and was developed using the NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) III dietary recall data. It also includes questions on portion size for each food, and pictures are provided to facilitate estimation. The questionnaire includes a variety of foods containing phytoestrogens, such as several kinds of beans, tofu, soymilk, canned tuna fish, meat substitutes (e.g., veggie burgers, veggie chicken), and whole wheat bread. To supplement the list of foods, we added one page with 21 additional food items, based on the LACE questionnaire [28 (link)] and including other food items that have been identified as important sources of phytoestrogens [29 (link)]. The additional foods in the supplemental page that we added, and that are not included in the Block 98.2 questionnaire, are listed in Appendix 1. We also asked about the use of phytoestrogen/soy supplements including frequency and duration of use. NutritionQuest provided nutrient calculations using the USDA Nutrient Database for Standard Reference. For phytoestrogen calculations we used a Canadian database with detailed analyses of phytoestrogen content of foods, including detailed values for lignans [23 (link)]. Given the global food trading, we do not expect major differences in lignan composition between foods available in the United States and Canada.
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Publication 2011
Bread Chickens Contraceptives, Oral Diagnosis Diet Dietary Supplements Eating Food Food Additives Food Analysis Interviewers Learning Disorders Lignans Meat Mental Recall Nutrients Ovarian Cancer Ovary Phytoestrogens Soy Milk Therapy, Hormone Replacement Tofu Tubal Ligation Tuna Wheat
VOO phenolics were isolated by SPE on a diol-bonded phase cartridge (Supelco, Bellefonte, PA) following a previously described procedure [23] (link). A solution of p-hydroxyphenyl-acetic acid (4.64×10−2 mg/mL) and o-coumaric acid (9.6×10−3 mg/mL) in methanol was used as internal standard in this extraction procedure. An aliquot (0.5 mL) of standard solution was added to each oil sample (2.5 g) before phenolic extraction. Two phenolic extracts were obtained from each VOO.
VOO phenolic extracts were further analyzed by HPLC in a Beckman Coulter liquid chromatographic system equipped with a System Gold 168 detector, a solvent module 126 and a Mediterranean Sea 18 column (4.0 mm i.d.×250 mm, particle size 5 μm) (Teknokroma, Barcelona, Spain) following a previously described methodology [24] (link). The quantification of phenols (except ferulic acid) and lignans was carried out at 280 nm using p-hydroxyphenyl-acetic acid as internal standard. The quantification of flavones and ferulic acid was done at 335 nm using o-coumaric acid as internal standard. The identification of compounds was confirmed by HPLC-MS using the same chromatographic system connected on-line with a MAT95 magnetic sector mass spectrometer (Finnigan Mat, Bremen, Germany) equipped with an ESI-II electrospray inonization (ESI) interface with the same column and gradient conditions. The ESI mass spectra in the positive mode were obtained under the following conditions: capillary temperature, 220°C; lens, skimmer, and octapole voltages were set to get optimal response for a pattern solution of reserpine. Nitrogen at 200 kPa was used as the sheath gas. Afterward, partial defocusing of interface was done in order to generate moderate collision-induced dissociation (CID) inside the ionic transport region. Under these conditions, the spectra show enough ionic fragmentation to verify structural information from the protonated molecular ion.
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Publication 2014
4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid Acetic Acid Capillaries Chromatography Coumaric Acids ferulic acid Flavones Gold High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Ion Transport Lens, Crystalline Lignans Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Methanol Nitrogen Phenols Reserpine Solvents
Four diets were used in this study, all of which were based on a semi-purified AIN-93G diet that was modified to contain the test ingredient. Importantly, control (no test ingredient added) and experimental diets were isocaloric, isonitrogenous, and contained equal amounts of dietary lipid and carbohydrate. A detailed dietary composition and ingredient list is provided in Table 1.
Diets contained either 10% (wt/wt) whole grain FS, a dose selected based on our previous studies (7 (link), 8 (link)), or flaxseed lignan complex added to 2 different concentrations (10 and 20%). These concentrations reflected amounts of the FS lignan SDG comparable to those in 10 and 20% wholegrain FS diets. Analytical evaluation of the SDG content in wholegrain was performed at the School of Food Systems, University of South Dakota.
Specifically, for formulating the FLC diets, the semi-purified AIN-93G diet was supplemented with 0.337% and 0.674% (wt/wt) FLC powder. The FLC enriched in the lignan SDG (35% SDG content) was kindly provided by Archer Daniels Midland Inc., (ADM, IL). Flaxseed lignan complex was analyzed prior to incorporation in the diets and found to contain negligible amounts of vitamin E. Specifically, it contained <0.003 mg total tocopherol/g of FLC and <0.000024 mg alpha-tocopherol/g of FLC. The study diets used corn oil that was tocopherol-stripped to ensure that all diets contained an adequate but equal amount of vitamin E (75 IU/kg).
Mice were maintained on control (0% FS) or treatment (10% FS, 10 and 20% FLC) diets given ad libitum for three weeks prior to irradiation and for the entire duration of the experiment, unless otherwise noted in the text. This timeframe was determined by mass-spectroscopic evaluation of murine plasma to be optimal for circulating levels of FS lignan metabolites (28 (link)).
Publication 2012
alpha-Tocopherol Carbohydrates Corn oil Diet Dietary Fats Digestive System Lignans Mass Spectrometry Mus Plasma Powder Radiotherapy Therapy, Diet Vitamin E Whole Grains

Most recents protocols related to «Lignans»

The levels of isoflavone metabolites, daidzein (ng/mL), equol (ng/mL), genistein (ng/mL), and O-desmethylangolensin (ODMA, ng/mL) as well as lignan metabolites, enterodiol (ng/mL) and enterolactone (ng/mL) in the urine were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure photoionization-tandem mass spectrometry. The association between urinary phytoestrogen levels and isoflavone intake in the years 2007–2010 was analyzed using the Pearson correlation method.
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Publication 2023
2,3-bis(3'-hydroxybenzyl)butyrolactone Atmospheric Pressure daidzein enterodiol Equol Genistein High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Isoflavones Lignans O-desmethylangolensin Phytoestrogens Tandem Mass Spectrometry Urine
A semi-quantitative FFQ, previously validated with 136 food records, was used to evaluate dietary intake at both study inclusion and at 10-year of follow-up [25 (link),26 (link),27 (link)]. For each food item, 9 options of intake were provided in the FFQ (>6 times/day; 4–6 times/day; 2–3 times/day; once/day; 5–6 times/week; 2–4 times/week; once/week; 1–3 times/month and never or almost never). To calculate the daily intake of nutrients and energy, the standard servings were multiplied by the frequency of consumption of each food and by the nutritional content or kilocalories of energy specified in Spanish food composition tables [28 ,29 ]. Other eating habits such as snacking between meals or following a special diet were also gathered at baseline. Compliance with the Mediterranean diet was measured with the score (0–9) of Trichopoulou et al. [30 (link)].
The Phenol-Explorer database version 3.6 (www.phenol-explorer.eu (accessed on 15 December 2022), whose methodology has been published elsewhere, was used to calculate the PC content of each food [31 (link),32 (link)]. The most common extraction method used for estimating PC intake was high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), which simultaneously quantifies phenolic acid esters and phenol glycosides together with aglycones and free phenolic acids, and normal-phase HPLC to estimate the proanthocyanidins content. Data from HPLC after hydrolysis method were used, if available, to calculate the aglycone in phenolic acids and lignans in some foods such as olives, beans and grains, since this analytical method uses hydrolysis to release certain compounds which cannot be solubilized without hydrolysis. Foods with only traces of PC were excluded. A weighted average was calculated according to the average dietary consumption of the Spanish adult population when the FFQ items contained more than one food [33 ], and for processed foods and recipes PC content was calculated according to their ingredients. Finally, the PC intake from each food was calculated by multiplying the content of each PC by the daily consumption of each food. The total PC intake (milligrams per day) was determined as the sum of all PC of each food item reported in the FFQ, and was also calculated by class intake. Additionally, we calculated the contribution of each specific food or food group to the total PC intake and expressed it as percentage.
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Publication 2023
Adult Cereals Diet Diet, Mediterranean Eating Esters Food Food, Processed Glycosides High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Hispanic or Latino Hydrolysis hydroxybenzoic acid Lignans Nutrient Intake Olives Phenol Proanthocyanidins
Post-full-scan MS and (all ion & target) MS/MS data sets were analyzed by Agilent MassHunter Qualitative Analysis (version B.10.00) using a self-built PCDL library that contained known or hypothetical chemical formula for phytochemical components (mainly lignans) and corresponding metabolites. Molecular feature extraction (MFE) and find by formula (FBF) parameters were as follows: mass error <10 ppm, absolute peak area >5000 counts, maximum number of matches 5, and chromatogram extraction window 20 ppm. The criteria for metabolites screened for further evaluation included mass error for protonated molecule being less than 5 ppm, consistent isotopic pattern, retention time plausible for the proposed structure et al. By removing metabolites with the maximum intensity in t0, removing metabolites that are only present in one experiment or one-time point sample, removing metabolites whose peak area appears to be constant across the experiment (the threshold reaction speed ratio = 3), removing metabolites that are present in the experiment but at randomly elevated concentrations (the threshold fluctuation ratio = 10), etc. method to remove false positive metabolites.
Publication 2023
cDNA Library Isotopes Lignans Phytochemicals Radionuclide Imaging Retention (Psychology) Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Cytoscape v3.8.2 was used to create the “active ingredient-potentialtarget-action route” network [17 (link)]. Active components such as quercetin, kaempferol, lignan, isorhamnetin, and 7-methoxy-2-methylisoflavone, target proteins such as EGFR, FOS, ESR1, ESR2, MYC, CASP3, IL6, and other genes, and pathways such as PI3K-Akt and PI3K/Akt/mTOR corresponding to TCMs make up the network.
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Publication 2023
3-methylquercetin CASP3 protein, human EGFR protein, human FRAP1 protein, human Genes kaempferol Lignans PIK3CG protein, human Protein Targeting, Cellular Quercetin
Mature seeds of M. grandiflora were collected at the University of Mississippi (MS 38,677) in November 2013. The voucher specimen (NCNPR #15,895) is deposited at the University of Mississippi. The air-dried seeds (107 g) were powdered and extracted with n-hexane (200 mL × 2 for 24 h) followed by 95% EtOH. The combined hexane extracts were evaporated under reduced pressure. Two grams of hexane extract were chromatographed over a centrifugal preparative thin layer chromatographer (CPTLC, Chromatotron®, Analtech Inc., Newark, DE, USA) using a 6 mm silica gel rotor. The sample was dissolved in dichloromethane (DCM), applied to the rotor, and then eluted with n-hexane, followed by DCM and MeOH (200 mL each) to yield eighteen fractions. These fractions later yielded three major lignans, 4-O-methylhonokiol (1, 36 mg), honokiol (2, 20 mg), and magnolol (3, 15 mg), together with marked fatty acids. All fractions were monitored and collected via TLC analysis (silica gel; solvents: n-hexane-EtOAc; 75:25).
4-O-methylhonokiol (1); UPHPLC/APCI-MS m/z 281.3 ([M + H])+ C19H20O2 + H; the 1H and 13C NMR were indistinguishable to those reported [34 (link)].
Honokiol (2); UPHPLC/APCI-MS m/z 267.3 ([M + H])+ C18H18O2 + H; the 1H and 13C NMR were indistinguishable to those reported [35 (link)].
Magnolol (3); UPHPLC/APCI-MS m/z 267.3 ([M + H])+ C18H18O2 + H; the 1H and 13C NMR were indistinguishable to those reported [35 (link)].
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Publication 2023
4-O-methylhonokiol Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Ethanol Fatty Acids honokiol Lignans magnolol Methylene Chloride n-hexane Plant Embryos Pressure Silica Gel Solvents

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DPPH is a chemical compound used as a free radical scavenger in various analytical techniques. It is commonly used to assess the antioxidant activity of substances. The core function of DPPH is to serve as a stable free radical that can be reduced, resulting in a color change that can be measured spectrophotometrically.
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α-tocopherol is a chemical compound that functions as a natural antioxidant. It is a type of vitamin E found in various plant oils and other food sources.
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Quercetin is a natural compound found in various plants, including fruits and vegetables. It is a type of flavonoid with antioxidant properties. Quercetin is often used as a reference standard in analytical procedures and research applications.
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Silica gel 60 F254 is a type of silica gel thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plate. It is a planar solid support material used for the separation and identification of chemical compounds. The silica gel 60 F254 plate contains a fluorescent indicator that allows for the visualization of separated compounds under ultraviolet (UV) light.
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The Milli-Q water system is a laboratory water purification device that produces high-quality, ultrapure water. The system utilizes a multi-stage filtration process to remove impurities, resulting in water that meets the stringent requirements for various laboratory applications.
The CFX384 Real-time system C1000 Thermocycler is a laboratory instrument designed for real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. It features a 384-well plate format and is capable of precise temperature control for DNA amplification and detection.

More about "Lignans"

Lignans are a diverse class of polyphenolic compounds found in various plants, particularly flaxseed, sesame, and certain herbs.
These fascinating natural compounds have garnered significant attention from researchers due to their potential health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties.
Lignans may also play a role in regulating hormone levels and reducing the risk of certain chronic diseases.
Researchers utilize a wide range of methods to study the effects and mechanisms of lignans, including in vitro experiments, animal studies, and human clinical trials.
Optimizing research protocols and ensuring reproducibility are key challenges in this field, which can be addressed using innovative AI-driven platforms like PubCompare.ai.
This tool empowers scientists to easily locate the best lignans research protocols, identify effective products, and optimize their experimental designs to advance the understanding of these fascinating natural compounds.
Lignans are often studied in conjunction with other bioactive compounds, such as DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), which is commonly used to assess antioxidant activity, and DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), which is a versatile solvent.
Additionally, compounds like α-tocopherol (vitamin E), Quercetin (a flavonoid), and Trolox (a water-soluble vitamin E analog) are frequently used as reference standards in lignans research.
Analytical techniques, such as HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) and the Milli-Q water system, are also essential for the accurate quantification and purification of lignans.
By harnessing the power of AI and leveraging the latest research methodologies, scientists can unlock the full potential of lignans and contribute to the advancement of this exciting field.
PubCompare.ai is at the forefront of this innovation, providing researchers with the tools and insights they need to optimize their lignans research and drive meaningful discoveries.