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Lorazepam

Lorazepam is a benzodiazepine medication used for the treatment of anxiety disorders, insomnia, and seizures.
It works by enhancing the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, leading to a calming effect.
Lorazepam is available in oral and injectable forms and is considered a high-potency benzodiazepine.
It is important to use Lorazepam as prescribed by a healthcare provider, as it can be addictive and may have serious side effects, including drowsiness, dizziness, and respiratory depression.
Patients should be monitored closely, especially when starting or stopping Lorazepam treatment.

Most cited protocols related to «Lorazepam»

1
Measuring Medication Load in Bipolar Disorder
Cited 24 times
We have developed a strategy for measuring total medication load in bipolar individuals by coding the dose of each antidepressant, mood stabilizer, antipsychotic and anxiolytic medication as absent = 0, low = 1, or high = 2. For antidepressants and mood stabilizers, we converted each medication into low- or high-dose groupings using a previously employed approach (35 (link), 51 , 52 (link)). Individuals on Levels 1 and 2 of these criteria were coded as low dose, those with Levels 3 and 4 as high dose. We added a no-dose subtype for those not taking these medications. We converted antipsychotic doses into chlorpromazine dose equivalents, and coded as 0, 1, or 2, for no medication, chlorpromazine equivalents dose equal or below, or above the mean effective daily dose (ED50) of chlorpromazine as defined by Davis and Chen (53 (link)). Lorazepam dose was similarly coded as, 0, 1 or 2, with reference to the midpoint of the Physician's Desk Reference-recommended daily dose range. We generated a composite measure of total medication load, reflecting dose and variety of different medications taken, by summing all individual medication codes for each medication category for each individual bipolar participant. We used Spearman rank correlational analyses to examine associations between total medication load and magnitude of BOLD signal change in a-priori neural regions showing significant group-by-condition interactions and/or a significant main effect of group.
To examine potential effects of illness duration, age of illness onset and current (subthreshold) depression severity, we conducted post hoc correlational analyses between these variables and BOLD signal change in a-priori neural regions (i.e., subcortical limbic regions, including amygdala and striatum, and DLPFC). Since 11 out of 19 patients had multiple comorbid diagnoses, and seven of these had comorbid anxiety disorders, we additionally compared BOLD signal change in our a-priori neural regions of interest in bipolar individuals with comorbid diagnoses versus those without any such diagnoses.
For the above analyses, we used an adjusted statistical threshold of p = 0.05/(number of comparisons plus number of regions examined) to allow for multiple between-group comparisons.
Hassel S., Almeida J.R., Kerr N., Nau S., Ladouceur C.D., Fissell K., Kupfer D.J, & Phillips M.L. (2008). Elevated striatal and decreased dorsolateral prefrontal cortical activity in response to emotional stimuli in euthymic bipolar disorder: no associations with psychotropic medication load. Bipolar disorders, 10(8), 916-927.
Publication 2008
Amygdaloid Body Antidepressive Agents Antipsychotic Agents Anxiety Disorders Chlorpromazine Diagnosis Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Lorazepam Mood Nervousness Outpatients Pharmaceutical Preparations Striatum, Corpus Tranquilizing Agents
2
Induction of Non-Harmful Seizures in Mice
Cited 10 times
All animal experiments were performed in accordance with the European Communities Council Directive (86/609/EEC) and were reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (REC #205), under license from the Department of Health, Dublin, Ireland. Adult (20–22 g) male C57BL/6 mice (Harlan) were purchased from Harlan. Food and water was available ad libitum. Induction of SE was performed as described previously31 (link). Mice were anesthetized with isoflurane and placed in a mouse-adapted stereotaxic frame. Following a midline scalp incision, Bregma was located and three partial craniectomies performed for placement of skull-mounted recording screws (Bilaney Consultants). A fourth craniectomy was drilled for placement of a guide cannula (Coordinates from Bregma; AP = −0.94 mm, L = −2.85 mm) based on a stereotaxic atlas60 . The cannula and electrode assembly was fixed in place and the animal placed in an open Perspex box which allowed free movement. The EEG was recorded using a Grass Comet digital EEG. After baseline EEG was established, the animal was lightly restrained while an injection cannula was lowered 3.75 mm below the brain surface for injection of KA (Sigma-Aldrich) or vehicle (phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), pH adjusted to 7.4) into the basolateral amygdala nucleus. After 40 min, all mice received lorazepam (Ativan, 6 mg kg−1, i.p.). Animals were recorded for up to an hour thereafter before being disconnected and placed in a warmed recovery chamber. Non-harmful seizures were induced by a single injection (i.p.) of KA (15 mg kg−1), as described36 (link).
Jimenez-Mateos E.M., Engel T., Merino-Serrais P., McKiernan R.C., Tanaka K., Mouri G., Sano T., O’Tuathaigh C., Waddington J.L., Prenter S., Delanty N., Farrell M.A., O’Brien D.F., Conroy R.M., Stallings R.L., deFelipe J, & Henshall D.C. (2012). Silencing microRNA-134 produces neuroprotective and prolonged seizure-suppressive effects. Nature medicine, 18(7), 1087-1094.
Publication 2012
Adult Animals Ativan Brain Cannula Cannulation Cell Nucleus Comet Assay Craniectomy Cranium Ethics Committees, Research Fingers Food Isoflurane Lorazepam Males Mice, House Mice, Inbred C57BL Movement Nuclear Groups, Basolateral Perspex Phosphates Reading Frames Saline Solution Scalp Seizures Surgeons
3
Induction of Non-Harmful Seizures in Mice
Cited 10 times
All animal experiments were performed in accordance with the European Communities Council Directive (86/609/EEC) and were reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (REC #205), under license from the Department of Health, Dublin, Ireland. Adult (20–22 g) male C57BL/6 mice (Harlan) were purchased from Harlan. Food and water was available ad libitum. Induction of SE was performed as described previously31 (link). Mice were anesthetized with isoflurane and placed in a mouse-adapted stereotaxic frame. Following a midline scalp incision, Bregma was located and three partial craniectomies performed for placement of skull-mounted recording screws (Bilaney Consultants). A fourth craniectomy was drilled for placement of a guide cannula (Coordinates from Bregma; AP = −0.94 mm, L = −2.85 mm) based on a stereotaxic atlas60 . The cannula and electrode assembly was fixed in place and the animal placed in an open Perspex box which allowed free movement. The EEG was recorded using a Grass Comet digital EEG. After baseline EEG was established, the animal was lightly restrained while an injection cannula was lowered 3.75 mm below the brain surface for injection of KA (Sigma-Aldrich) or vehicle (phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), pH adjusted to 7.4) into the basolateral amygdala nucleus. After 40 min, all mice received lorazepam (Ativan, 6 mg kg−1, i.p.). Animals were recorded for up to an hour thereafter before being disconnected and placed in a warmed recovery chamber. Non-harmful seizures were induced by a single injection (i.p.) of KA (15 mg kg−1), as described36 (link).
Jimenez-Mateos E.M., Engel T., Merino-Serrais P., McKiernan R.C., Tanaka K., Mouri G., Sano T., O’Tuathaigh C., Waddington J.L., Prenter S., Delanty N., Farrell M.A., O’Brien D.F., Conroy R.M., Stallings R.L., deFelipe J, & Henshall D.C. (2012). Silencing microRNA-134 produces neuroprotective and prolonged seizure-suppressive effects. Nature medicine, 18(7), 1087-1094.
Publication 2012
Adult Animals Ativan Brain Cannula Cannulation Cell Nucleus Comet Assay Craniectomy Cranium Ethics Committees, Research Fingers Food Isoflurane Lorazepam Males Mice, House Mice, Inbred C57BL Movement Nuclear Groups, Basolateral Perspex Phosphates Reading Frames Saline Solution Scalp Seizures Surgeons
4
Pediatric Sedation and Analgesia Potency Comparison
Cited 7 times

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Publication 2011
Analgesics Analgesics, Opioid Benzodiazepines Body Weight Clonazepam Codeine Phosphate Critical Illness Diazepam Ethnicity Fentanyl Citrate Hydrochloride, Methadone Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Lorazepam Management, Pain Mechanical Ventilation Midazolam Morphine Opioids Oxycodone Patient Discharge Patients Psychotropic Drugs Remifentanil Sedatives Sulfate, Morphine
5
Opioid and Benzodiazepine Prescribing Trends
Cited 6 times
Data on prescribing in 2012 come from IMS Health’s National Prescription Audit (NPA). NPA provides estimates of the numbers of prescriptions dispensed in each state based on a sample of approximately 57,000 pharmacies, which dispense nearly 80% of the retail prescriptions in the United States. Prescriptions, including refills, dispensed at retail pharmacies and paid for by commercial insurance, Medicaid, Medicare, or cash were included.*CDC used the numbers of prescriptions and census denominators to calculate prescribing rates for OPR, subtypes of OPR, and benzodiazepines. The OPR category included semisynthetic opioids, such as oxycodone and hydrocodone, and synthetic opioids, such as tramadol. It did not include buprenorphine products used primarily for substance abuse treatment rather than pain, methadone distributed through substance abuse treatment programs, or cough and cold formulations containing opioids. LA/ER OPR were defined as those that should be taken only 2 to 3 times a day, such as methadone, OxyContin, and Opana ER. High-dose OPR were defined as the largest formulations available for each type of OPR that resulted in a total daily dosage of ≥100 morphine milligram equivalents when taken at the usual frequency, for example, every 4–6 hours. Benzodiazepines included alprazolam, clonazepam, clorazepate, diazepam, estazolam, flurazepam, lorazepam, oxazepam, quazepam, temazepam, and triazolam.
CDC calculated prescribing rates per 100 persons for the United States, each census region, and each state. CDC described the distribution of state rates using mean, standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV) (SD divided by the mean), the interquartile ratio (IQ) (75th percentile rate divided by the 25th percentile rate), and the ratio of the highest/lowest rates. Rates were transformed into multiples of the SD above or below the mean state rate of each drug.
Paulozzi L.J., Mack K.A, & Hockenberry J.M. (2014). Vital Signs: Variation Among States in Prescribing of Opioid Pain Relievers and Benzodiazepines — United States, 2012. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 63(26), 563-568.
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Publication 2014
Alprazolam Benzodiazepines Buprenorphine Clonazepam Clorazepate Common Cold Cough Diazepam Estazolam Flurazepam Hydrocodone Lorazepam Methadone Morphine Opana Opioids Oxazepam Oxycodone Oxycontin Pain Pharmaceutical Preparations Prescriptions quazepam Substance Abuse Temazepam Tramadol Triazolam

Most recents protocols related to «Lorazepam»

1
Perioperative Anesthesia Management for Cardiac Surgery
Patients were premedicated with 1–2 mg lorazepam orally 1 h before surgery and received 0.1 mg kg−1 morphine intramuscularly before entering the operating room where midazolam was given (0.01–0.05 mg kg−1 intravenously) as needed for patient comfort. Usual monitoring was installed, including a 5-lead electrocardiogram, pulse oximeter, peripheral venous line, radial arterial line, 3-lm catheter, and fast-response thermodilution pulmonary artery catheter. Anesthesia was induced with 1 μg kg−1 sufentanil and 0.04 mg kg−1 midazolam, and muscle relaxation achieved with 0.1 mg kg−1 pancuronium. After tracheal intubation, anesthesia was maintained with 1 μg kg−1 h−1 sufentanil and 0.04 mg kg−1 h−1 midazolam. Intravenous fluids (0.9% normal saline) were administered (7 cc kg−1 h−1) during surgery and titrated according to blood pressure and central venous pressure. A transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) omniplane probe was inserted. Institution of CPB was performed using ascending aortic cannulation and bi-caval or double stage cannulation of the right atrium. Intermittent (4:1) blood cardioplegia was administered during CPB; induction and temperatures ranged from 15 to 29 °C. For coronary revascularizations, systemic temperature was allowed to drift to 34 °C, valvular surgeries and complex procedures to 32–34 °C. Weaning from CPB was undertaken after rewarming to a systemic temperature > 36 °C.
Nguyen A.Q., Denault A.Y., Théoret Y, & Varin F. (2023). Inhaled milrinone in cardiac surgical patients: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic exploration. Scientific Reports, 13, 3557.
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Publication 2023
Anesthesia Arterial Lines Ascending Aorta Atrium, Right BLOOD Blood Pressure Cannulation Catheters Echocardiography, Transesophageal Electrocardiography Heart Heart Arrest, Induced Intubation, Intratracheal Lorazepam Midazolam Morphine Normal Saline Operative Surgical Procedures Pancuronium Patients Pulmonary Artery Pulse Rate Relaxations, Muscle Sufentanil Thermodilution Veins Venae Cavae Venous Pressure, Central
2
Antidepressant Use and COVID-19 Outcomes

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Publication 2023
Age Groups Alprazolam Antidepressive Agents Anxiety Disorders Arteries Artery, Coronary Asthma baricitinib Benzodiazepines Bromazepam Cardiac Arrhythmia Cerebrovascular Disorders Chlordiazepoxide Chronic Kidney Diseases Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease Clobazam Clonazepam Congestive Heart Failure Coronary Arteriosclerosis COVID 19 Developmental Disabilities Dexamethasone Diabetes Mellitus Diazepam Disease, Chronic Flunitrazepam Heart Disease, Coronary High Blood Pressures Interferon beta 1b Liver Liver Diseases Lorazepam Malignant Neoplasms Midazolam molnupiravir Mood Mood Disorders Nitrazepam Obesity Outpatients Patients Paxlovid Peripheral Vascular Diseases Pharmaceutical Preparations Reading Frames remdesivir Response, Immune Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction tocilizumab Triazolam Vaccination Vaccines Virus Zolpidem zopiclone
3
Benzodiazepine Use Quality of Life
A prospective cross-sectional descriptive observational study (AEMPS code: DAI-LOR-2020-01), without a control group, was carried out for six months (August 2020–February 2021) in a community pharmacy in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain). One hundred and twenty-seven patients of both genders were included in the study considering the following criteria:
Inclusion criteria: Patients starting or continuing treatment with BZD as a monodrug (lorazepam, lormetazepam, alprazolam, diazepam, bromazepam, clorazepate potassium, clonazepam, ketazolam, clobazam and flurazepam); patients aged between eighteen and ninety years of age; patients who agreed to voluntarily participate in the study and who signed the informed consent form; patients whose communication and/or decision-making abilities were not impaired; caregivers who go to the pharmacy to pick up a BZD prescribed for the patient they care for (a caregiver is defined as a person who is responsible for the acquisition and administration of medication for a dependent patient, whether or not they are a relative).
Exclusion criteria: patients who, although fulfilling the inclusion criteria, did not agree to participate in the study; patients who did not agree to sign the informed consent form; patients prescribed with combinations of BZDs or other active ingredients; patients not evaluable for a variety of reasons, at the discretion of the researcher, including incomplete records, suspicion of transcription errors in the database, unverified suspicion of exclusion criteria, among others; patients with communication, psychological or linguistic difficulties or without decision-making capacity; patients who decided to leave the study voluntarily; pregnant or breastfeeding women; patients referred from other professional pharmaceutical care services, as they may skew the results, given that patients would have received personalized information about their medication in each of these services, so their knowledge may be greater than that of patients who have not received this and the data may contain a bias.
Each patient agreed to participate voluntarily and signed an informed consent form. Data collection was performed by means of a structured clinical interview in the personalized pharmaceutical care area of the pharmacy. A questionnaire including the Eurool 5D-3L quality of life instrument and other variables such as sociodemographic variables, type of BZD, and duration of BZD treatment was used.
The sample size corresponds to an acceptable level with a confidence interval of 95% and an estimated accuracy of 5%. The statistical analysis consisted of, firstly, a description of the participants, including 95% confidence intervals (CI), and secondly, a correlation study with comparative tests of means (Pearson’s chi-square and ANOVA), considering significance p < 0.05, to study the associations between the dimensions of the EuroQol 5D-3L quality of life instrument and the rest of the variables mentioned above. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 25.0™ software from IBM Co.® (Armonk, NY, USA) on a Windows NT 365 Professional™ operating system from Microsoft Co.® (Redmond, WA, USA).
Alberto Armas D., Santana Ayala J.R., Román Castillo Y., Hardisson de la Torre A, & Rubio Armendáriz C. (2023). Quality of Life Assessment in Patients Using Benzodiazepines during the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Community Pharmacy Using EuroQol 5D-3L. Pharmacy, 11(1), 19.
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Publication 2023
Alprazolam Bromazepam Clobazam Clonazepam Clorazepate Diazepam Flurazepam Gender ketazolam Lorazepam lormetazepam neuro-oncological ventral antigen 2, human Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Potassium Transcription, Genetic Woman
4
Antiemetic and Anticancer Therapies for CINV
The antiemetic and anticancer therapies were prescribed according to current clinical practice. Specifically, the antiemetic agents used for the prevention of CINV were 5-HT3 receptor antagonists (dolasetron, granisetron, ondansetron, palonosetron); neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists (aprepitant, fosaprepitant, NEPA (nesupitant plus palonosetron)); corticosteroids (dexamethasone, methylprednisolone); dopamine receptor antagonists (metoclopramide, haloperidol), and benzodiazepines (lorazepam). No additional diagnostic or monitoring procedures were applied to the patients except if the investigator decided. CT regimens were categorised according to international guidelines (MASCC, ESMO, and NCCN) and based on the emetogenic potential of the agent. Each patient was evaluated three times during the study period: baseline, follow-up 1, and follow-up 2. Baseline visits occurred on day 1, before the administration of CT, and follow-up visits occurred following a clinical practice. The first follow-up visit occurred between days 6 and 8 of the CT cycle, and the second follow-up was on day 28, just before the subsequent CT cycle. During the study period, each patient filled out a diary to record nausea and vomits episodes and antiemetic medication use (Figure 1).
Araújo A., Tavares N., Faria A.L., Gomes R., Mendonça J.C., Parente B., Capela A., Barata F, & Macedo A. (2023). Evaluation of Current Antiemetic Therapy Response in Patients Undergoing MEC or HEC Regimens in Portugal. Current Oncology, 30(2), 1529-1537.
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Publication 2023
Adrenal Cortex Hormones Antiemetics Aprepitant Benzodiazepines Dexamethasone Diagnosis dolasetron Dopamine Antagonists fosaprepitant Granisetron Haloperidol Lorazepam Methylprednisolone Metoclopramide Nausea Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists Ondansetron Palonosetron Patients Serotonin 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists Treatment Protocols Vomiting
5
Risperidone Effects on Depressive Symptoms

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Publication 2023
Antiparkinson Agents Depressive Symptoms Hydrate, Chloral Lorazepam Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Psychotropic Drugs Risperidone Sleeplessness Syndrome Trihexyphenidyl

Top products related to «Lorazepam»

1
Lorazepam by Merck Group
Sourced in Spain, Germany, United States
Lorazepam is a benzodiazepine compound used as a sedative and anti-anxiety medication. It acts on the central nervous system to produce a calming effect. Lorazepam is commonly used in various clinical and laboratory settings.
2
Alprazolam by Cerilliant
Sourced in United States
Alprazolam is a benzodiazepine-class chemical compound primarily used as a pharmaceutical ingredient in various laboratory applications. It functions as a central nervous system depressant with sedative-hypnotic properties. The core purpose of Alprazolam in a laboratory setting is to serve as a research and analytical tool, without making claims about its intended use.
3
Methanol by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, China, Germany, Belgium, Canada, France, India, Australia, Portugal, Spain, New Zealand, Ireland, Sweden, Italy, Denmark, Poland, Malaysia, Switzerland, Macao, Sao Tome and Principe, Bulgaria
Methanol is a colorless, volatile, and flammable liquid chemical compound. It is commonly used as a solvent, fuel, and feedstock in various industrial processes.
4
Nordiazepam by Cerilliant
Sourced in United States
Nordiazepam is a benzodiazepine compound commonly used as a reference standard in analytical and research applications. It serves as an analytical tool for the identification and quantification of nordiazepam in various samples.
5
High capacity cdna reverse transcription kit by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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The High-Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription Kit is a laboratory tool used to convert RNA into complementary DNA (cDNA) molecules. It provides a reliable and efficient method for performing reverse transcription, a fundamental step in various molecular biology applications.
6
Acetonitrile by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, Italy, India, China, United Kingdom, France, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, Australia, Canada, Brazil, Sao Tome and Principe, Ireland, Belgium, Macao, Japan, Singapore, Mexico, Austria, Czechia, Bulgaria, Hungary, Egypt, Denmark, Chile, Malaysia, Israel, Croatia, Portugal, New Zealand, Romania, Norway, Sweden, Indonesia
Acetonitrile is a colorless, volatile, flammable liquid. It is a commonly used solvent in various analytical and chemical applications, including liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and other laboratory procedures. Acetonitrile is known for its high polarity and ability to dissolve a wide range of organic compounds.
7
Alprazolam d5 by Cerilliant
Sourced in United States
Alprazolam-d5 is a deuterated form of the benzodiazepine drug alprazolam, which is commonly used for the treatment of anxiety disorders. This compound is primarily used as an analytical standard in research and laboratory settings to support the quantitative analysis of alprazolam in various matrices.
8
Diazepam by Cerilliant
Sourced in United States
Diazepam is a benzodiazepine compound commonly used as a reference standard in analytical laboratories. It is a colorless, crystalline solid that is soluble in organic solvents. Diazepam is often employed in the identification and quantification of this compound in various sample matrices using analytical techniques such as chromatography and mass spectrometry.
9
Agilent 7890b gas chromatograph by Agilent Technologies
Sourced in United States, China
The Agilent 7890B gas chromatograph is a laboratory instrument used for the separation, identification, and quantification of chemical compounds in complex mixtures. It is designed to perform high-resolution gas chromatography analysis with precision and reliability.
10
Lorazepam by Cerilliant
Sourced in Italy, United Kingdom
Lorazepam is a benzodiazepine compound used as a reference standard in analytical laboratories. It is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in organic solvents. Lorazepam is commonly used for the identification and quantification of this compound in various samples.

More about "Lorazepam"

Lorazepam, a member of the benzodiazepine class of medications, is commonly used to treat anxiety disorders, insomnia, and seizures.
This high-potency drug works by enhancing the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, leading to a calming and sedative effect.
Lorazepam is available in both oral and injectable forms, making it a versatile treatment option.
Patients should be aware that Lorazepam, like other benzodiazepines such as Alprazolam (Xanax), can be addictive and may have serious side effects, including drowsiness, dizziness, and respiratory depression.
Close monitoring by a healthcare provider is essential, especially when starting or stopping Lorazepam treatment.
Researchers studying Lorazepam can utilize advanced tools like PubCompare.ai to optimize their research process.
This AI-driven platform can help identify the best protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, improving the efficacy of Lorazepam studies.
Additionally, researchers may need to work with related compounds like Nordiazepam, Methanol, and Acetonitrile to support their investigations.
By understanding the pharmacology, potential risks, and research optimization tools available for Lorazepam, healthcare providers and researchers can ensure the safe and effective use of this benzodiazepine medication.