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Losartan

Losartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist medication used to treat high blood pressure and diabetic kidney disease.
It works by blocking the effects of angiotensin II, a hormone that causes blood vessels to constrict and raises blood pressure.
Losartan is effective in lowering blood pressure and protecting the kidneys in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes.
It is generally well-tolerated, with potential side effects including dizziness, fatigue, and increased potassium levels.
Losartan is an important therapeutic option for managing cardiovascualr and renal complications associated with hypertension and diabetes.

Most cited protocols related to «Losartan»

1
Malignant Hypertension Induction in Cyp1a1-Ren-2 Rats
Cited 17 times
To induce malignant hypertension, Cyp1a1-Ren-2 rats were fed a diet containing 0.3% I3C for 11 days, which results in the development of malignant hypertension with markedly elevated circulating and tissue ANG II levels as we and others [14 (link)–18 (link)] have demonstrated. The sEH inhibitor c-AUCB was given at a dose of 26 mg/l in drinking water that was prepared freshly every third day as described previously [17 (link)]. Treatment with c-AUCB was started 48 h before feeding the diet with or without I3C. This dose of c-AUCB and the same treatment protocol for c-AUCB were used in our recent study in which we found that it significantly attenuated the development of malignant hypertension in Cyp1a1-Ren-2 transgenic rats and substantially increased tissue concentrations of EETs [17 (link)]. Animals who were exposed to AT1 receptor blockade received losartan in their drinking water (100 mg/l; Lozap, Zentiva, Prague, Czech Republic); previous studies have demonstrated that this dose of losartan prevents the development of hypertension in this model [25 (link),26 (link)]. On the day of the experiment (day 11 after induction of the renin gene) rats were prepared for acute renal functional studies and for details see the online Data Supplement, http://links.lww.com/HJH/A98.
The following experimental groups of Cyp1a1-Ren-2 transgenic rats were examined:
Honetschlägerová Z., Sporková A., Kopkan L., Husková Z., Hwang S.H., Hammock B.D., Imig J.D., Kramer H.J., Kujal P., Vernerová Z., Chábová V.Č., Tesař V, & Červenka L. (2011). Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase improves the impaired pressure–natriuresis relationship and attenuates the development of hypertension and hypertension-associated end-organ damage in Cyp1a1-Ren-2 transgenic rats. Journal of hypertension, 29(8), 1590-1601.
Publication 2011
Animals Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 Diet Dietary Supplements High Blood Pressures Induction, Genetic Losartan Malignant Hypertension Rats, Transgenic Rattus norvegicus Renin Tissues Treatment Protocols
2
Investigating Angiotensin Receptor Roles in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury
Cited 10 times
A modified Rice-Vannucci model was conducted in P10 pups.11 (link) Pups were anesthetized with 2% isoflurane and the right common carotid artery was ligated. After recovery for 1 hour, pups were treated with 8% O2 for 1.5 or 2.5 hours. To determine the role of AT1R and AT2R in brain HI injury, AT1R antagonist losartan (Merck), AT2R antagonist PD123319 (Sigma-Aldrich) and AT2R selective agonist CGP42112 (TOCRIS bioscience) were administered intracerebroventricularly, respectively, prior to the HI treatment. Pups were anesthetized and fixed on a stereotaxic apparatus (Stoelting, Wood Dale, IL). An incision was made on the skull surface and bregma was exposed. All agents were injected at a rate of 1 μl/minute with a 10 μl syringe (Stoelting, Wood Dale, IL) on the right hemisphere following the coordinates relative to bregma: 2 mm posterior, 1.5 mm lateral and 3.0 mm below the skull surface.12 (link) Saline was injected as control. The injection lasted 2 minutes and the needle was kept for additional 5 minutes before its removal. The incision was sutured.
Li Y., Xiao D., Dasgupta C., Xiong F., Tong W., Yang S, & Zhang L. (2012). Perinatal Nicotine Exposure Increases Vulnerability of Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury in Neonatal Rats: Role of Angiotensin II Receptors. Stroke; a journal of cerebral circulation, 43(9), 2483-2490.
Publication 2012
Brain Injuries CGP 42112 Common Carotid Artery Cranium Isoflurane Losartan Needles Oryza sativa PD 123319 Saline Solution Syringes
3
Quantitative Kidney Biopsy Analysis
Cited 8 times
A subset of subjects underwent percutaneous kidney biopsy at the end of the treatment period to determine whether treatment with losartan was associated with structural differences. Baseline kidney biopsies were not performed because of safety concerns. Tissue was processed and embedded in epoxy resin (Epon 812) and prepared for microscopy as described previously (12 (link)). Light and electron microscopy were performed either in the Beckman Center for Electron Microscopy at Stanford University or in the Division of Nephrology at the University of Minnesota. Digital light and electron micrographs were used to make measurements using formal stereologic methods to account for two-dimensional sampling of three-dimensional objects (13 ). Predefined morphometric variables included glomerular volume, percent globally sclerotic glomeruli, fractional interstitial area, mesangial fractional volume, filtration surface area density, glomerular basement membrane width, number of endothelial cells, mesangial cells and podocytes per glomerulus, filtration slit frequency, and foot process width (12 (link),14 (link)–16 (link)).
Weil E.J., Fufaa G., Jones L.I., Lovato T., Lemley K.V., Hanson R.L., Knowler W.C., Bennett P.H., Yee B., Myers B.D, & Nelson R.G. (2013). Effect of Losartan on Prevention and Progression of Early Diabetic Nephropathy in American Indians With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes, 62(9), 3224-3231.
Publication 2013
Biopsy Electron Microscopy Electrons Endothelium Epon 812 Epoxy Resins Filtration Fingers Foot Glomerular Basement Membrane Kidney Kidney Glomerulus Losartan Mesangial Cells, Kidney Mesangiums, Glomerular Microscopy Percutaneous Administration Podocytes Safety Sclerosis Tissues
4
Metabolite Identification from Mass Spectra
Cited 7 times
Recalibration, peak detection, and peak intensity calculation of mass spectra were carried out automatically by DataAnalysis software. Masses of compounds were determined from the mass spectrum peaks obtained using the following parameters: peak width, 2; signal-to-noise ratio, 1; relative and absolute threshold intensity, 0.01% and 100, respectively. For recalibration of all the peak intensity values, the internal standard losartan (m/z 423.169) was used. Normalization of mass peak intensities was performed by dividing the intensity by the normalization value, which was calculated for each peak separately as follows: the 50 Da range (started 25 Da before and ended 25 Da after the m/z of the mass peak) was selected; all peaks inside the range were sorted in descending order according to their intensities; the intensity of the 150th peak was selected as the normalization value. Such intensities improved the annotation algorithm due to the correction of ion suppression of peak intensities that resulted in a more correct calculation of the correlation coefficients (see the calculation of the correlation matrix below).
Alignment of the m/z values of the mass peaks to the different mass spectra was performed as described previously [31 (link)]. The resulting m/z values with a nonzero mass peak intensity for more than nine samples were submitted to the metabolite search engine, MassTRIX (Helmholtz Centre, Munich, Germany; http://masstrix3.helmholtz-muenchen.de), with the following parameters: scan mode, positive ionization (corrected for H+, Na+, K+ adducts); max. error, 0.005 Da; database, KEGG/HMDB/LipidMaps with isotopes; organism, Homo sapiens. The retrieved list of metabolite names for each submitted m/z value was further processed by the compound annotation algorithm.
The workflow used in this study to analyze blood plasma samples from obese patients is presented in Figure 1.
Lokhov P.G., Balashova E.E., Trifonova O.P., Maslov D.L., Ponomarenko E.A, & Archakov A.I. (2020). Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Analysis of Obese Patients’ Blood Plasma. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(2), 568.
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Publication 2020
Homo sapiens Isotopes Losartan Mass Spectrometry Obesity Patients Plasma Radionuclide Imaging
5
DOCA-salt Hypertension Model in Mice
Cited 7 times
Baseline BP was recorded by telemetry in uni-nephrectomized SA and NT cohorts for 3 days, then mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=12/group), either implanted subcutaneously with a DOCA-silicone (DOCA:silicone=1:3; DOCA: 1 mg/g body weight) or an empty silicone (sham surgery) sheet. Drinking water from DOCA implanted mice was replaced by 1% NaCl solution. BP was continuously recorded for 3 additional weeks. At the end of the protocol, the mice were sacrificed and the brains and plasma were collected for enzyme activity assays, peptide level measurements, immuno-precipitation and western blot analysis. In another set of experiments, uni-nephrectomized NT mice were divided into 4 groups (n=6/group) and infused intracerebroventricularly (icv) for 3 weeks, with either ADAM17 siRNA (0.1 nmoles/day) or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) while receiving DOCA-salt or sham treatment. BP was recorded daily by radiotelemetry as described above. Another subset of NT mice was infused with Losartan (2 μg/hour icv)13 (link) for 3 weeks while receiving DOCA-salt treatment. Spontaneous baroreceptor reflex sensitivity (SBRS), reflecting the baroreflex control of heart rate (HR), was calculated using the sequence method as described.7 (link), 8 (link) Autonomic function was assessed, in conscious freely moving mice, before and 3 weeks after DOCA-salt treatment, using a pharmacological method involving ip injection of propranolol (β-blocker, 4 mg/kg), atropine (muscarinic receptor blocker, 1 mg/kg) and chlorisondamine (ganglionic blocker, 5 mg/kg).8 (link) Each injection was separated by at least a 3-hour recovery period. Changes in HR (ΔHR) or mean arterial pressure (ΔMAP) were calculated following administration of these blockers. At the end of the protocol, mice were euthanized and the brains and plasma were collected and stored at −80°C until used in the various assays.
Xia H., Sriramula S., Chhabra K.H, & Lazartigues E. (2013). Brain ACE2 shedding contributes to the development of neurogenic hypertension. Circulation research, 113(9), 1087-1096.
Publication 2013
ADAM17 protein, human AT protocol Atropine Baroreflex Biological Assay Blepharofacioskeletal Syndrome Body Weight Brain Cerebrospinal Fluid Chlorisondamine Chronotropism, Cardiac Consciousness Desoxycorticosterone Acetate Enzyme Assays Ganglionic Blockers Hypersensitivity Immunoprecipitation Injections, Intraperitoneal Losartan Mice, House Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Nervous System, Autonomic Operative Surgical Procedures Peptides Placebos Plasma Propranolol Rate, Heart RNA, Small Interfering Silicones Sodium Chloride Telemetry Western Blot

Most recents protocols related to «Losartan»

1
Liver Fibrosis Induction and Treatment

Protocol full text hidden due to copyright restrictions

Open the protocol to access the free full text link

Publication 2023
Captopril CCL4 protein, human Choledochus Cholestasis Cytochrome P450 Fibrosis, Liver Ligation Losartan Mus Phenobarbital
2
Vascular SMC-specific Lrp1 Deletion
All mice were weaned at 3–4 weeks of age, maintained on a 12-hour light/12-hour dark cycle, fed a standard laboratory rodent diet (4% wt/wt fat; Envigo 2018SX), and given standard drinking water ad libitum. Mice that received drugs were provided losartan (0.6 g/L) dissolved in drinking water or ASO via subcutaneous injections. Embryonic deletion of Lrp1 in vSMCs was achieved by crossing transgenic mice expressing Cre recombinase under the control of an SM22 SMC-specific promoter with mice expressing loxP sites flanking the Lrp1 gene (provided by J Herz, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA). The resulting offspring, Lrp1fl/flSM22-Cre–/– (LRP1+/+) and Lrp1fl/flSM22-Cre+/– (smLRP1–/–), were used in experimental studies with LRP1+/+ littermates serving as controls.
Zhang J.M., Au D.T., Sawada H., Franklin M.K., Moorleghen J.J., Howatt D.A., Wang P., Aicher B.O., Hampton B., Migliorini M., Ni F., Mullick A.E., Wani M.M., Ucuzian A.A., Lu H.S., Muratoglu S.C., Daugherty A, & Strickland D.K. (2023). LRP1 protects against excessive superior mesenteric artery remodeling by modulating angiotensin II–mediated signaling. JCI Insight, 8(2), e164751.
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Publication 2023
Cre recombinase Deletion Mutation Embryo Genes Losartan Mice, Laboratory Mice, Transgenic Pharmaceutical Preparations Rodent Subcutaneous Injections Therapy, Diet
3
Carotid Artery Ligation and Losartan Effects
The whole neck and head were dissected from LRP1+/+ and smLRP1–/– mice subjected to left carotid artery ligation with and without losartan. Samples were then skinned and fixed in 10% buffered formalin phosphate (fixative solution; Thermo Fisher Scientific SF100-20) for 3 days, with fixative solution exchanged for fresh fixative solution once per day. After 3 days of fixation, samples were placed in 70% ethanol solution and transferred to the Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases Histology Core at the University of Maryland School of Maryland or shipped to Histoserv, Inc. for decalcification, sectioning, and staining. Whole-neck serial cross sections of 5 μm thickness were sliced starting from the carotid bifurcation to the area inferior to the lesion apex. The apex of the lesion area was identified by analyzing serial sections at 100 μm intervals by H&E, EVG, and Masson’s trichrome staining. Morphometric measurements were performed using EVOS FL Auto Imaging System software (Invitrogen, Thermo Fisher Scientific). All measurements were performed while blinded to the sample identification.
Zhang J.M., Au D.T., Sawada H., Franklin M.K., Moorleghen J.J., Howatt D.A., Wang P., Aicher B.O., Hampton B., Migliorini M., Ni F., Mullick A.E., Wani M.M., Ucuzian A.A., Lu H.S., Muratoglu S.C., Daugherty A, & Strickland D.K. (2023). LRP1 protects against excessive superior mesenteric artery remodeling by modulating angiotensin II–mediated signaling. JCI Insight, 8(2), e164751.
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Publication 2023
Blood Vessel Carotid Arteries Common Carotid Artery Ethanol Fixatives Formalin Head Inflammation Ligation Losartan Mus Neck Phosphates
4
Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Culture
The human iCCA cell lines, RBE and HuCC‐T1, were purchased from Cellcook Cell Biotechnology (Guangzhou, China). The cells were cultured in RPMI‐1640 (Cellcook, #L210KJ), supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Gibco, #A3160802). Losartan (#HY‐17512), valsartan (#HY‐18204), angiotensin II (HY‐13948) and XMU‐MP‐1 (HY‐100526) were purchased from MedChemExpress (Shanghai, China). Cell culture inserts of 0.4 μm PC pore size in six‐well plates (Thermo Scientific 140640) were implemented in the tumour cell/CAF co‐culture system. The iCCA cells (5 × 104) were seeded in six‐well plates, and CAFs (1 × 105) were seeded into the inserts. For MFAP5 knockdown assays, CAFs were transfected with a lentivirus‐encoding shRNA. The shRNA sequences used for silencing the MFAP5 and control (TRC) are provided in Table S3.
Li J., Wu X., Ni X., Li Y., Xu L., Hao X., Zhao W., Zhu X, & Yin X. (2023). Angiotensin receptor blockers retard the progression and fibrosis via inhibiting the viability of AGTR1+CAFs in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Clinical and Translational Medicine, 13(3), e1213.
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Publication 2023
Angiotensin II Biological Assay Cell Culture Techniques Cell Lines Cells Coculture Techniques Conotruncal Anomaly Face Syndrome Homo sapiens Lentivirus Losartan Neoplasms Short Hairpin RNA Valsartan XMU-MP-1
5
Cell Viability Assay of Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists
The CAFs were seeded into a 96‐well plate at a density of 5.0 × 103 cells per well. After 24 h of incubation, the cell medium was replaced with 100 μL of fresh medium containing different concentrations of losartan or valsartan. Cells treated with DMSO were used as controls. The cells were cultured for 48 h and then incubated for 2 h at 37°C with CCK8 solution, followed by quantification at 450 nm using a microplate reader. The half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was analyzed using GraphPad Prism 9.4 software (La Jolla, CA, USA).
Li J., Wu X., Ni X., Li Y., Xu L., Hao X., Zhao W., Zhu X, & Yin X. (2023). Angiotensin receptor blockers retard the progression and fibrosis via inhibiting the viability of AGTR1+CAFs in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Clinical and Translational Medicine, 13(3), e1213.
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Publication 2023
Cells Conotruncal Anomaly Face Syndrome Losartan prisma Psychological Inhibition Sulfoxide, Dimethyl Valsartan

Top products related to «Losartan»

1
Losartan by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Switzerland, Australia, China, Sao Tome and Principe
Losartan is a pharmaceutical compound used as an active ingredient in various prescription medications. It functions as an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, which helps to regulate blood pressure by blocking the action of angiotensin II, a hormone that constricts blood vessels. Losartan is commonly used in the treatment of hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions.
2
Ang 2 by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, China, Macao, Sao Tome and Principe, United Kingdom, Japan, Canada, Switzerland, Australia, France
Ang II is a peptide hormone that is involved in the regulation of blood pressure and fluid balance in the body. It is a key component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which plays a central role in the homeostatic control of blood pressure, fluid, and electrolyte balance. Ang II acts on specific receptors to exert its physiological effects.
3
Pd123319 by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Sweden, Australia
PD123319 is a laboratory research tool that functions as a selective antagonist for the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor. It is commonly used in scientific research to study the role of the AT1 receptor in various biological processes.
4
Losartan by Bio-Techne
Sourced in United Kingdom, United States
Losartan is a laboratory reagent used in research and development. It functions as an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, which blocks the actions of angiotensin II, a hormone that regulates blood pressure. Losartan is commonly utilized in studies related to cardiovascular and renal physiology.
5
Pd123319 by Bio-Techne
Sourced in United Kingdom, United States
PD123319 is a small molecule that functions as a selective and potent antagonist of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R). It is commonly used in research applications to study the biological effects mediated by the AT2R.
6
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Italy, Sao Tome and Principe, France, Macao, India, Canada, Switzerland, Japan, Australia, Spain, Poland, Belgium, Brazil, Czechia, Portugal, Austria, Denmark, Israel, Sweden, Ireland, Hungary, Mexico, Netherlands, Singapore, Indonesia, Slovakia, Cameroon, Norway, Thailand, Chile, Finland, Malaysia, Latvia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Pakistan, Uruguay, Bangladesh
DMSO is a versatile organic solvent commonly used in laboratory settings. It has a high boiling point, low viscosity, and the ability to dissolve a wide range of polar and non-polar compounds. DMSO's core function is as a solvent, allowing for the effective dissolution and handling of various chemical substances during research and experimentation.
7
Angiotensin 2 by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Macao, Japan, China, Canada, Switzerland
Angiotensin II is a laboratory reagent used for research purposes. It is a peptide hormone that plays a role in the regulation of blood pressure and fluid balance in the body. Angiotensin II is commonly used in scientific research to study its physiological effects and its potential therapeutic applications.
8
Fetal bovine serum (fbs) by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, China, United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, Japan, Canada, Italy, France, Switzerland, New Zealand, Brazil, Belgium, India, Spain, Israel, Austria, Poland, Ireland, Sweden, Macao, Netherlands, Denmark, Cameroon, Singapore, Portugal, Argentina, Holy See (Vatican City State), Morocco, Uruguay, Mexico, Thailand, Sao Tome and Principe, Hungary, Panama, Hong Kong, Norway, United Arab Emirates, Czechia, Russian Federation, Chile, Moldova, Republic of, Gabon, Palestine, State of, Saudi Arabia, Senegal
Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.
9
Losartan by Cayman Chemical
Sourced in United States
Losartan is a synthetic compound that functions as an angiotensin II receptor antagonist. It is commonly used as a reference standard in analytical and research applications.
10
Losartan by Selleck Chemicals
Sourced in United States
Losartan is a laboratory reagent used in research and development applications. It functions as an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, which is a class of compounds that block the action of the hormone angiotensin II. This activity is useful for various biological and pharmacological studies.

More about "Losartan"

Losartan, an angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor antagonist, is a widely prescribed medication used to manage high blood pressure (hypertension) and diabetic kidney disease (nephropathy).
It works by blocking the effects of Ang II, a hormone that constricts blood vessels and raises blood pressure.
Losartan is an effective treatment option for lowering blood pressure and protecting the kidneys in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes.
It is generally well-tolerated, with potential side effects including dizziness, fatigue, and increased potassium levels.
In addition to its cardiovascular and renal benefits, Losartan has been studied for its potential therapeutic applications in other areas.
Researchers have investigated the use of Losartan and its derivatives, such as PD123319, in various animal models and in vitro systems to explore their effects on other biological processes, including inflammation, cell signaling, and tissue regeneration.
The use of solvents like dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) is often employed in Losartan-related studies to facilitate drug solubilization and cell culture experiments, respectively.
These experimental conditions help researchers better understand the pharmacology, mechanisms of action, and potential therapeutic applications of Losartan and related compounds.
By leveraging the insights gained from the MeSH term description and the metadescription, researchers can optimize their Losartan-focused studies using AI-driven platforms like PubCompare.ai.
These tools can help identify relevant protocols, compare the effectiveness of different approaches, and enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of Losartan-related investigations.