Magnolol is a naturally occurring biphenolic compound found in the bark of the Magnolia tree.
It has been studied for its potential medicinal properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects.
Reseachers can leverage PubCompare.ai to optimize their Magnolol research, using AI-driven comparisons to locate the best protocols and products from literature, preprints, and patents.
This can enhance reproducibility and accuaracy in Magnolol studies.
C. albicans SC5314 were grown overnight in YPD medium. And then, 1 × 106 cells/mL with or without compounds were incubated in RPMI 1640 medium, GlcNAc (0.5% GlcNAc, 0.5% peptone, 0.3% KH2PO4) or 10% FBS YPD medium at 37°C for 4 h. Inhibition quantification of the yeast-to-hyphal-form transition was accomplished by counting the number of individual budded cells versus the number of hyphae in the population as previously described [26 (link)]. More than 100 cells were counted for each well in duplicate, and all assays were repeated for five times. Images of cells were obtained using a microscope. The experiments were performed in triplicate.
Sun L., Liao K, & Wang D. (2015). Effects of Magnolol and Honokiol on Adhesion, Yeast-Hyphal Transition, and Formation of Biofilm by Candida albicans. PLoS ONE, 10(2), e0117695.
While it is difficult to separate naringin and hesperidin, honokiol and magnolol, aloe emodin, rhein, emodin and chrysophanol as they are structurally similar, separation was improved when 0.2% (1:500, v/v) aqueous acetic acid was added to the sample solution. A mixture of water and methanol was chosen for the separation as all eight markers dissolve in both water and methanol. The ratio 38:62 (v/v) of methanol and water was optimal for the separation of hesperidin and naringin, and 65:35 (v/v) for the separation of the other six markers, hence the above mentioned gradient elution program. The HPLC column of C18 (150 × 4.6 mm) was chosen to ensure the run time to be within 60 min.
Tang W., Wan M., Zhu Z., Chen G, & Huang X. (2008). Simultaneous determination of eight major bioactive compounds in Dachengqi Tang (DT) by high-performance liquid chromatography. Chinese Medicine, 3, 5.
The bark of Magnolia officinalis Rehd. et Wils. was dried in the shade at room temperature and stored in a dark, cold room until use. The air-dried bark of Magnolia officinalis Rehd. et Wils. (3 kg) was cut into pieces and extracted twice with 95% (v/v) ethanol (four times as much as the weight of the dried plants) for 3 days at room temperature. After filtration through the 400-mesh filter cloth, the filtrate was filtered again through filter paper (Whatman Grade No. 5) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The combined extract (450 g) was suspended in H2O and the aqueous suspension was extracted with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-BuOH, respectively. The n-hexane layer was evaporated to dryness to give a residue (70 g), which was chromatographed on silica gel with n-hexane:ethyl acetate (9:1) gradient to yield a crude fraction that included 4-O-methylhonokiol. This fraction was repeatedly purified by silica gel chromatography using n-hexane:ethyl acetate as the eluent to obtain pure 4-O-methylhonokiol (Fig. 1a). 4-O-methylhonokiol was identified by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. The results of the NMR data are as follows and are in agreement with previously published data [24 (link)]. 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 3.36 (2H, d, J = 7 Hz, H-7), 3.44 (2H, d, J = 7 Hz, 7′-H), 3.89 (3H, s, OMe), 5.05–5.14 (5H, m, H-9, H-9′, OH), 5.93–6.07 (2H, m, H-8, H-8′), 6.92 (1H, d, J = 7 Hz, Ar-H), 6.97 (1H, d, J = 8 Hz, Ar-H), 7.04–7.08 (2H, m, Ar-H), 7.24–7.31 (2H, m, Ar-H). 13C-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ 34.5 (C-7), 39.6 (C-7′), 55.8 (OMe), 111.2 (C-3′), 115.7 (C-4′), 115.8 (C-9), 116.1 (C-9′), 128.0 (C-1′), 128.1 (C-6), 129.0 (C-3), 129.2 (C-1), 130.0 (C-5), 130.4 (C-6′), 130.7 (C-2), 132.4 (C-5′), 136.7 (C-8), 138.0 (C-8′), 151.0 (C-2′), 157.2 (C-4). The ethanol extract of Magnolia officinalis contained 16.6% 4-O-methylhonokiol, followed by 16.5% honokiol and 12.9% magnolol, and 42–45% others.
Chemical structure of 4-O-methylhonokiol (a) and experimental scheme (b)
Lee Y.K., Yuk D.Y., Kim T.I., Kim Y.H., Kim K.T., Kim K.H., Lee B.J., Nam S.Y, & Hong J.T. (2009). Protective effect of the ethanol extract of Magnolia officinalis and 4-O-methylhonokiol on scopolamine-induced memory impairment and the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity. Journal of Natural Medicines, 63(3), 274-282.
The assay was conducted according to Liao et al.’s method20 (link) with minor modifications. To find NDM-1 inhibitors, we selected 75 natural compounds as screening compounds (Table S2). Assays were read in 96-well plates at an absorbance of 492 nm using a microplate reader (Tecan Austria GmbH, Grödig, Austria) at room temperature. Positive controls were performed in the presence of enzyme and in the absence of inhibitors, whereas negative controls were performed in the absence of enzyme. Residual activity = A−A0/A100−A0 × 100%, where A represents the absorbance of inhibitor groups at 492 nm, and A0 and A100 represent 0% and 100% activity as determined in the negative controls and positive controls, respectively.
Liu S., Zhou Y., Niu X., Wang T., Li J., Liu Z., Wang J., Tang S., Wang Y, & Deng X. (2018). Magnolol restores the activity of meropenem against NDM-1-producing Escherichia coli by inhibiting the activity of metallo-beta-lactamase. Cell Death Discovery, 4, 28.
According the method described previously [18] (link), cultured neurons were obtained from cerebral cortices of 1-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats. Cytotoxicity was determined at 24 hrs after treatment by using a LDH assay kit (Promega, Madison, WI) [18] (link), [24] (link), [25] (link). Experiments were undertaken on cultured neurons between 10 and 14 days in vitro (DIV). Neurons were incubated magnolol (0–300 µM) or vehicle (0.1% DMSO). The LD50 value was defined as the concentration of compound required to induce 50% of cell deaths in 24 hrs at 37°C.
Lee W.T., Lin M.H., Lee E.J., Hung Y.C., Tai S.H., Chen H.Y., Chen T.Y, & Wu T.S. (2012). Magnolol Reduces Glutamate-Induced Neuronal Excitotoxicity and Protects against Permanent Focal Cerebral Ischemia Up to 4 Hours. PLoS ONE, 7(7), e39952.
Magnolol (CAS No: B21086) was obtained from Yuanye Biotech (Shanghai, China) with purity > 98%. Magnolol stock solution was prepared with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to 5 mM. The working solutions were diluted in E. Coli OP50 at final concentrations of 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 50 μM.
Yu J., Gao X., Zhang L., Shi H., Yan Y., Han Y., Wu C., Liu Y., Fang M., Huang C, & Fan S. (2024). Magnolol extends lifespan and improves age-related neurodegeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans via increase of stress resistance. Scientific Reports, 14, 3158.
Corticosterone (CORT, 235135) was purchased from sigma, nor-Binaltorphimine dihydrochloride (nor-BNI, ab120078) and anti-dynorphin A17 antibody (DYN A17, ab82509) were purchased from Abcam, Anti-oprk 1 antibody (A14035) was purchased from Wuhan ABclonal, magnolol (M111378) was purchased from aladdin, uoxetine (HY-B0102) was purchased from MCE. Magnolol (25/50/100 mg/kg/day), nor-BNI (10 mg/kg/day) and uoxetine (10 mg/kg/day) were uniformly dispersed in 1% Tween 80 and then dissolved in distilled water. All drugs were administered in an injection volume of 4 mL/ kg - 1 (i.p.). All drugs were dispensed on the spot [34] .
Xu C., Ye J., Sun Y., Sun X, & Liu J.G. (2024). The Antidepressant Effect of Magnolol on Depression-Like Behavior of CORT-Treated Mice. Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN, 74(1).
During the heat shock assay, the nematodes of L4 period were firstly divided into magnolol group and control group, with the number of nematodes in each group around 50. Prior to exposure to the heat exciters, the nematodes in the thymol group were placed on Petri dishes containing magnolol for 5 days of incubation, while the blank control nematodes were placed on control plates containing DMSO for 5 days of incubation. After 5 d of drug treatment, the nematodes were placed on new NGM and incubated at 35 °C. The number of nematode death was recorded every two hours until all nematodes died.
Yu J., Gao X., Zhang L., Shi H., Yan Y., Han Y., Wu C., Liu Y., Fang M., Huang C, & Fan S. (2024). Magnolol extends lifespan and improves age-related neurodegeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans via increase of stress resistance. Scientific Reports, 14, 3158.
To assess the preference of nematodes for magnolol and DMSO (100%), chemotaxis assay was performed. Six small circles equidistant from the center of the circle were first drawn on an NGM plate with a diameter of 6 cm. Subsequently, 20 μl of OP50 bacterial solution (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 25 and 50 μM) containing different concentrations of magnolol was taken and added to each of the six small circles. Following immediately, approximately 50 nematodes (late L4) were transferred to the center of the circles of the NGM plates. 2 hours later, the number of nematodes crawling onto each lawn was counted.
Yu J., Gao X., Zhang L., Shi H., Yan Y., Han Y., Wu C., Liu Y., Fang M., Huang C, & Fan S. (2024). Magnolol extends lifespan and improves age-related neurodegeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans via increase of stress resistance. Scientific Reports, 14, 3158.
M. officinalis plant samples were procured from the Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences located in Enshi, Hubei Province, China (Postcode: 445000). Due to the widespread reports [55 ,56 (link),57 ] suggesting that 2–5-year-old M. officinalis contain negligible or extremely low levels of magnolol, and it has been determined that plants older than 16 years are preferable for the extraction of magnolol. Furthermore, the concentration of magnolol varies among different parts of the plant [24 (link),58 (link)], with approximate contents of 1–5% in the roots, around 1% in the bark, and 0.1–0.5% in the leaves. Thus, we collected samples from both 2–5-year and 16-year-old plants, including the bark, leaves, and roots, with 3–4 replicates each for the detail analysis, as outlined in our sampling chart (Table S1). Total RNA extraction followed standard protocols using TRIzol® Reagent (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA) and further purification with the RNeasy kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). Subsequent treatment with RNase-free DNase I (Invitrogen, Pittsburgh, PA, USA) ensured the removal of residual DNA. The purity and quality of the RNA were determined by measuring the OD260/230 ratio using a NanoDrop 2000 (Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA, USA), while RNA integrity was determined using an Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) based on the RNA Integrity Number (RIN). Only RNAs with RIN values ≥ 8.5 were used for library generation.
Yang Y., Li Z., Zong H., Liu S., Du Q., Wu H., Li Z., Wang X., Huang L., Lai C., Zhang M., Wang W, & Chen X. (2024). Identification and Validation of Magnolol Biosynthesis Genes in Magnolia officinalis. Molecules, 29(3), 587.
Magnolol is a natural compound extracted from the bark of the Magnolia tree. It functions as a chemical reagent in various laboratory applications, including biochemical research and analytical chemistry. The core function of Magnolol is to serve as a purification and separation agent in experimental procedures.
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DMSO is a versatile organic solvent commonly used in laboratory settings. It has a high boiling point, low viscosity, and the ability to dissolve a wide range of polar and non-polar compounds. DMSO's core function is as a solvent, allowing for the effective dissolution and handling of various chemical substances during research and experimentation.
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Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.
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Penicillin is a type of antibiotic used in laboratory settings. It is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent effective against a variety of bacteria. Penicillin functions by disrupting the bacterial cell wall, leading to cell death.
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Streptomycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used in laboratory settings. It functions as a protein synthesis inhibitor, targeting the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes, which plays a crucial role in the translation of genetic information into proteins. Streptomycin is commonly used in microbiological research and applications that require selective inhibition of bacterial growth.
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Prism 8 is a data analysis and graphing software developed by GraphPad. It is designed for researchers to visualize, analyze, and present scientific data.
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TRIzol reagent is a monophasic solution of phenol, guanidine isothiocyanate, and other proprietary components designed for the isolation of total RNA, DNA, and proteins from a variety of biological samples. The reagent maintains the integrity of the RNA while disrupting cells and dissolving cell components.
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Methanol is a clear, colorless, and flammable liquid that is widely used in various industrial and laboratory applications. It serves as a solvent, fuel, and chemical intermediate. Methanol has a simple chemical formula of CH3OH and a boiling point of 64.7°C. It is a versatile compound that is widely used in the production of other chemicals, as well as in the fuel industry.
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Prism 6 is a data analysis and graphing software developed by GraphPad. It provides tools for curve fitting, statistical analysis, and data visualization.
Magnolol is a naturally occurring biphenolic compound found in the bark of the Magnolia tree. It has been studied for its potential medicinal properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects.
PubCompare.ai allows researchers to screen protocol literature more efficiently and leverage AI to pinpoint critical insights. The platform's AI-driven analysis can help identify the most effective protocols related to Magnolol for your specific research goals, highlighting key differences in protocol effectiveness so you can choose the best option for reproducibility and accuaracy.
One of the key challenges in using Magnolol is ensuring reproducibility and accuaracy in research studies. Magnolol studies can vary significantly in terms of protocols, products, and methods used, making it difficult to compare and replicate findings. PubCompare.ai can help address this by providing AI-driven comparisons to identify the optimal protocols and products for your Magnolol research.
Yes, there are different variations and types of Magnolol that can be found in nature or produced synthetically. The specific properties and effects of these variations may differ, so it's important to carefully consider the source and purity of the Magnolol used in your research. PubCompare.ai can help you navigate these differences and select the most appropriate Magnolol for your study.
Magnolol has been studied for a variety of potential applications, including as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective agent. Researchers have investigated its effects on conditions such as neurodegeneration, cancer, and metabolic disorders. PubCompare.ai can help you identify the most relevant and effective protocols and products for your specific application of Magnolol.
More about "Magnolol"
Magnolol is a naturally occurring biphenolic compound derived from the bark of the Magnolia tree.
This polyphenolic molecule has garnered significant interest for its potential medicinal properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects.
Researchers can leverage PubCompare.ai, an innovative AI-driven platform, to optimize their Magnolol research by identifying the most effective protocols and products from the scientific literature, preprints, and patents.
This approach can enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of Magnolol studies, leading to more reliable and impactful findings.
PubCompare.ai's AI-powered comparisons can help researchers navigate the vast body of Magnolol-related research, uncovering the most promising avenues for investigation.
Beyond Magnolol, the platform can also be utilized to explore other related compounds, such as the structurally similar Honokiol, which is also found in Magnolia species and shares some of Magnolol's therapeutic potential.
Additionally, researchers may find value in exploring the use of common laboratory reagents and techniques, like DMSO, FBS, Penicillin, Streptomycin, TRIzol reagent, and Methanol, in the context of Magnolol studies.
By harnessing the power of PubCompare.ai, scientists can streamline their Magnolol research, optimizing experimental designs, identifying optimal protocols, and enhancing the overall quality and reproducibility of their work.
This can lead to a better understanding of Magnolol's mechanisms of action and its potential clinical applications, ultimately advancing the field of natural product research and drug discovery.
