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Marcaine

Marcaine is a local anesthetic medication used to temporarily numb or block pain in specific areas of the body.
It works by inhibiting the transmission of pain signals from the affected area to the brain.
Marcaine is commonly used for various medical procedures, such as minor surgeries, dental work, and pain management.
It can be administered through injection or topical application.
Marcaine is generally considered safe and effective when used as directed by a healthcare professional.
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Most cited protocols related to «Marcaine»

In Vivo Two-Photon Imaging of Neuronal Activity

rAAVs (AAV2/1; synapsin-1 promoter) were injected into the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) of 2–3 week old C57Bl/6Crl wild-type mice. Two weeks after injection, mice were anaesthetized with 2% isoflurane, and a 1.5mm circular craniotomy was performed over the injection site as previously described 43 (link). Cells were recorded with a patch pipette containing (in mM): 10.0 KCl, 140 K-gluconate, 10.0 HEPES, 2.0 MgCl₂, 2.0 CaCl₂, 0.05 Alexa 594, pH 7.25, 290 mOsm. For recording and stimulation a MultiClamp 700B amplifier (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, California) was used. In whole cell mode, action potentials were evoked by 2–5 ms long current injections; in cell attached mode currents up to 100 nA were necessary. The Ti:Sapphire laser (Mai Tai, Spectro-Physics, CA) was tuned to 910 nm for GCaMP3 imaging. Fluorescence images were simultaneously acquired using a custom-built, two-photon laser-scanning microscope equipped with a 40X, 0.8 NA objective (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). Frame scans were acquired at 15 Hz (256×32 pixels) for a period of 3 seconds.
For imaging awake, head-fixed running mice, virus injection and surgery were identical to the anesthetized condition, except that the injection and craniotomy were performed over the primary whisker and forelimb motor area (M1). In addition, local (Marcaine) and general (Buprenorphine, 0.1mg/kg IP and Ketoprofen, 5mg/kg SC) anesthetics were administered. After full recovery on a heating pad the animals were head restrained, but allowed to run freely on a linear treadmill. Action potentials were recorded using a loose-seal cell attached configuration with patch pipettes filled with buffer (in mM: 125 NaCl, 2.5 KCl, 25.0 glucose, 10.0 HEPES, 2.0 CaCl₂, 2.0 MgSO₄, 0.05 Alexa 594; pH 7.4, 285 mOsm), and signals were amplified using a MultiClamp 700B (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, California). To confirm the identity of recorded neurons, each recording was terminated by breaking into the cell and filling with red pipette solution. During the imaging sessions the animals were kept alert by sporadic acoustic stimuli (clapping) or by presenting a pole or mild air puffs to the whisker field. Images were acquired at frame rates of 4–8 Hz at a resolution of 256×512 pixels using a 16X, 0.8 NA water immersion objective (Nikon USA, Lewisville, TX). All images acquired while awake were corrected for movement artifacts using the ImageJ plug-in TurboReg (http://bigwww.epfl.ch/thevenaz/turboreg/). ΔF/F was calculated by subtracting the baseline fluorescence level (F₀, 35^th percentile of total fluorescence) from the actual fluorescence level and normalized to F₀.

Tian L., Hires S.A., Mao T., Huber D., Chiappe M.E., Chalasani S.H., Petreanu L., Akerboom J., McKinney S.A., Schreiter E.R., Bargmann C.I., Jayaraman V., Svoboda K, & Looger L.L. (2009). Imaging neural activity in worms, flies and mice with improved GCaMP calcium indicators. Nature methods, 6(12), 875-881.

Publication 2009

Acoustics Action Potentials Alexa594 Anesthetics Animals Buffers Buprenorphine Cells Craniotomy Fluorescence Forelimb gluconate Glucose Head HEPES Isoflurane Ketoprofen Laser Scanning Microscopy Magnesium Chloride Marcaine Medical Devices Mice, Inbred C57BL Motor Cortex Movement Mus Neoplasm Metastasis Neurons Operative Surgical Procedures Phocidae Radionuclide Imaging Reading Frames Sapphire Sodium Chloride Somatosensory Cortex, Primary Submersion Sulfate, Magnesium Synapsin I Vibrissae Virus

Visualizing Cortical Circuits in Awake Mice

All procedures were approved by the Janelia Farm Research Campus Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. We used adult (> P60) male PV-IRES-cre mice (B6;129P2-Pvalbtm1(cre)Arbr/J, The Jackson Laboratory). All surgeries were conducted under isoflurane anesthesia (1.5–2%). Additional drugs reduced potential inflammation (Ketofen, 5mg/kg, subcutaneously) and provided local (Marcaine, 0.5% solution injected under the scalp) and general analgesia (Buprenorphine, 0.1 mg/kg, intraperitoneal). A circular piece of scalp was removed and the underlying bone was cleaned and dried. The periostium was removed with a dental drill and the exposed skull was covered with a thin layer of cyano-acrylic primer (Crazy glue). A custom-machined titanium frame was cemented to the skull with dental acrylic (Lang Dental).
Afferents from the somatosensory cortex were labeled with virus expressing tdTomato ³³ (rAAV-CAG-tdTomato, serotype 2/1; 20 nl at 300 and 550 um depths). The C2 barrel was targeted based on intrinsic signal imaging ^{28 (link)}. The virus was injected with a custom, piston-based, volumetric injection system (based on a Narishige, MO-10, manipulator) ^{46 (link)}. Glass pipettes (Drummond) were pulled and beveled to a sharp tip (30 um outer diameter). Pipettes were back-filled with mineral oil and front-loaded with viral suspension immediately prior to injection.
A craniotomy was made over vM1 (size, 3×2mm; center relative to Bregma: lateral, 0.8 mm; anterior, 1 mm, left hemisphere, Fig. 2a–d). These coordinates were previously determined using intracortical microstimulation ^{8 (link),16 (link),18 (link)}, mapping axonal projections from vS1 in vM1 ^{8 (link),47 (link)}, and trans-cellular labeling with pseudorabies virus (data not shown). Neurons underlying the craniotomy were labeled by injecting virus expressing GCamP3 (rAAV-syn-GCaMP3, serotype 2/1, produced by the University of Pennsylvania Gene Therapy Program Vector Core). The brain was covered with agar (2%). 4–8 sites (10–15 nl/site; depth, 150–210 um; rate, 10 nl/minute) were injected per craniotomy.
The imaging window was constructed from two layers of standard microscope coverglass (Fisher; # 2, thickness, 170 – 210 um), joined with a UV curable optical glue (NOR-61, Norland): a larger piece was attached to the bone; a smaller insert fit snugly into the craniotomy (Fig. 2b, d). The bone surrounding the craniotomy was thinned to allow for a flush fit between insert and the underlying dura.
After virus injection, the glass window was lowered into the craniotomy. The space between the glass and the bone was sealed off with a thin layer of agar (2%), and the window was cemented in place using dental acrylic (Lang Dental). At the end of the surgery, all whiskers on the right side of the snout except row C were trimmed. The mice recovered for 3 days before starting water restriction. Imaging sessions started 14–21 days after the surgery.

Huber D., Gutnisky D.A., Peron S., O’Connor D.H., Wiegert J.S., Tian L., Oertner G., Looger L.L, & Svoboda K. (2012). Multiple dynamic representations in the motor cortex during sensorimotor learning. Nature, 484(7395), 473-478.

Publication 2012

Adult Agar Axon Bones Brain Buprenorphine Cells Craniotomy Cranium Dental Anesthesia Dental Health Services Drill Dura Mater Flushing Genetic Vectors Inflammation Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees Internal Ribosome Entry Sites Isoflurane Males Management, Pain Marcaine Microscopy Mus Neurons Oil, Mineral Oligonucleotide Primers Operative Surgical Procedures Pharmaceutical Preparations Reading Frames Scalp Somatosensory Cortex Suid Herpesvirus 1 tdTomato Titanium Vibrissae Virus

Acute Rat Craniotomy for Neurological Research

All surgeries were performed acutely, i.e., with euthanasia of the animal prior to it waking up.(48 (link)) Briefly, rats were anesthetized with 4% isoflurane, shaved, and mounted in a stereotaxic frame equipped with blunt ear bars and an incisor bar. A dose of 0.2 ml of 0.25% Marcaine was administered subcutaneously at the incision site, followed by cleaning of the skin with betadine and isopropyl alcohol. Anesthesia was maintained via the oxygen flow path on the stereotaxic frame using 0.5% - 2% isoflurane. Prior to surgery, the rat received 16 mg/kg (SQ) of Cefazolin as an antibiotic as an extra precaution to prevent intraoperative infection as well as 1 mg/kg (SQ) of Meloxicam for pain management.
To perform the craniotomy, a 1-inch incision down midline of the scalp (~2 cm) was followed by removal of superficial soft tissues such that the dry bone skull was exposed. All drilling was completed with a 1.75 mm diameter spherical drill bit (as identified above). While not specifically controlled, the angle was approximated at ~75° (in reference to the table) to allow for simultaneous drilling and visualization by the microscope. A single hole was created using a drill-press style (as opposed to tracing a circle or rectangular hole). After the drilling or heating of the skull was performed, and all measurements taken, rats were euthanized under deep anesthesia via cardiac perfusion with saline. All rat procedures were reviewed and approved by the Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.

Shoffstall A.J., Paiz J., Miller D., Rial G., Willis M., Menendez D., Hostler S, & Capadona J.R. (2017). Potential for Thermal Damage to the Blood-Brain Barrier during Craniotomy Procedure: Implications for Intracortical Recording Microelectrodes. Journal of neural engineering, 15(3), 034001.

Publication 2017

Anesthesia Antibiotics Betadine Cefazolin Craniotomy Cranium Drill Euthanasia, Animal Heart Incisor Infection Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees Isoflurane Isopropyl Alcohol Management, Pain Marcaine Meloxicam Microscopy N-morpholinomethyl-1,2-benzoisothiazolin-3-one Operative Surgical Procedures Oxygen Perfusion Reading Frames Saline Solution Scalp Skin Skull Fractures Tissues Veterans

Surgical Implantation of Vagus Nerve Cuff Electrode in Rats

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Publication 2015

Amoxicillin Antibiotics Bone Screws carprofen Cerebellum Cranium Dehydration Dissection Head Heart Homo sapiens Infection Injections, Intraperitoneal Iridium Ketamine Hydrochloride Lactated Ringer's Solution Lidocaine Marcaine Muscle Tissue Neck Nervousness Operative Surgical Procedures Oxygen Saturation Platinum Pneumogastric Nerve Rattus norvegicus Reading Frames Scalp Silk Sinoatrial Node Sodium, Cefotaxime Subcutaneous Injections Sutures Teflon Xylazine

Murine Central Fluid Percussion Brain Injury

Mice were subjected randomly to sham injury (n = 38) or central fluid percussion brain injury (cFPI; n = 78). Based on previous results in TBI models showing early oligodendrocyte death and transient OPC proliferation with a peak at seven days post-injury,^{10 (link),16 (link)} three survival end-points were used; two days post-injury (dpi), seven dpi, and 14 dpi. The cFPI protocol was adapted to mice and used in the present report as described previously.^{16 (link),30 (link)} Anesthesia (4% isoflurane in air) was induced in a chamber, and the animals were then moved to a stereotaxic frame where anesthesia was maintained through a nosecone delivering isoflurane 1.2% and N₂O/O₂ 70/30% and spontaneous breathing. The scalp was shaved and cleaned with ethanol, and bupivacaine 2.5 mg/mL (Marcaine^®, AstraZeneca, Sweden) was applied subcutaneously. A midline incision was made and the skull exposed.
A 3.0 mm diameter craniotomy was made in the midline between bregma and lambda sutures, carefully leaving the underlying dura intact. A dural breach was an exclusion criterion. A plastic cap was attached over the craniotomy using dental cement (HeraeusKulzer GmbH, Hanau, Germany). Saline was added into the cap, and any signs of saline leakage were noted. If the seal was intact, the saline cap was attached to the Luer-Lock on the fluid percussion device (VCU Biomedical Engineering Facility, Richmond, VA). The injury was produced by releasing the fluid percussion pendulum striking a saline-filled cylinder creating a pressure wave transmitted into the closed cranial cavity. A transducer measured the pressure pulse and the pressure peak noted in pressure by square inch (psi).
Immediately after the injury, an apnea was noted, and when spontaneous breathing resumed, anesthesia was resumed. An apnea >60 sec was used as an exclusion criterion. The cement and cap were removed and the bone flap replaced over the craniotomy and the skin sutured using resorbable sutures. The animal was placed in a separate cage until fully recovered from anesthesia. Animal weight was recorded for a minimum of three days after the injury. If weight loss more than 10% was noted, the animal was sacrificed and excluded from the study. Sham-injured animals were subjected to an identical procedure as the cFPI animals except that the pendulum was not released.
All animals were sacrificed by an intraperitoneal (ip) overdose of sodium pentobarbital (pentobarbital natrium 60 mg/mL, VET ATL, Apoteket, Sweden; 200 mg/kg. Cardiac perfusion was performed using 4% formaldehyde (formaldehyde 4% Fosfatbuffrad, HistoLab Products AB, Gothenburg), and the brains were removed rapidly from the cranium, placed in formaldehyde for 24 h, and then placed in 30% sucrose solution for 72 h until snap frozen in isopentane and stored at −70°C until sectioned.

Flygt J., Ruscher K., Norberg A., Mir A., Gram H., Clausen F, & Marklund N. (2018). Neutralization of Interleukin-1β following Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury in the Mouse Attenuates the Loss of Mature Oligodendrocytes. Journal of Neurotrauma, 35(23), 2837-2849.

Publication 2018

Anesthesia Animals Apnea Bones Brain Brain Injuries Bupivacaine Craniotomy Cranium Dental Caries Dental Cements Dental Cementum Drug Overdose Dura Mater Ethanol Formaldehyde Freezing Heart Injuries Isoflurane isopentane Marcaine Medical Devices Mice, House Oligodendroglia Pentobarbital Pentobarbital Sodium Percussion Perfusion Phocidae Pressure Pulse Pressure Reading Frames Saline Solution Scalp Skin Sucrose Surgical Flaps Sutures Transducers Transients

Most recents protocols related to «Marcaine»

Stereotaxic Injection of Amyloid-β Oligomers

S26C Aβ(1–40)₂ dimers were purchased from Phoenix Pharmaceuticals^{15 (link)}. Adult (2–3 months) mice were anesthetized with 4% isoflurane followed by maintenance at 1.5–2% isoflurane during surgery. Surgery was performed after head fixing in a stereotaxic frame (World Precision Instruments). Marcaine (0.025%) was applied locally, the skull was exposed by a single incision along the midline and a unilateral craniotomy was drilled with a 0.9-bit drill burr (Hager and Meisinger). Pulled long-shaft borosilicate pipettes (Drummond Scientific) were backfilled with mineral oil before loading with oAβ (1 ng µl⁻¹) or sterile PBS vehicle. Four microliters total volume was injected into the right lateral ventricle (stereotaxic coordinates in millimeters from Paxinos and Franklin’s The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates, Fourth Edition; AP: −0.40, ML: 1.00, DV: −2.50) using a Nanofil 10 ml syringe (World Precision Instruments) connected to an UltraMicroPump-3 (World Precision Instruments) at a flow rate of 400 nl min⁻¹. The pipette was left in place for 5 min after complete substance injection and slowly withdrawn to avoid backflow along the pipette track. The incision on the scalp was closed with Vetbond tissue adhesive (3 M). Subcutaneous carprofen (Carprieve, 5 mg g⁻¹ body weight) and buprenorphine (Vetergesic, 0.1 mg g⁻¹ body weight) diluted in 0.9% saline were administered perioperatively. Animals received carprofen (33.33 mg ml⁻¹) in their drinking water until tissue collecting. The left hemisphere, contralateral to the injection site, was analyzed.

De Schepper S., Ge J.Z., Crowley G., Ferreira L.S., Garceau D., Toomey C.E., Sokolova D., Rueda-Carrasco J., Shin S.H., Kim J.S., Childs T., Lashley T., Burden J.J., Sasner M., Sala Frigerio C., Jung S, & Hong S. (2023). Perivascular cells induce microglial phagocytic states and synaptic engulfment via SPP1 in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease. Nature Neuroscience, 26(3), 406-415.

Publication 2023

Adult Animals Body Weight Brain Buprenorphine carprofen Craniotomy Cranium Drill Head Isoflurane Marcaine Mice, House Normal Saline Oil, Mineral Operative Surgical Procedures Reading Frames Scalp Sterility, Reproductive Syringes Tissue Adhesives Tissues Ventricle, Lateral

Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension and NVC

Osmotic minipumps (model 1002; Alzet, Cupertino, CA, USA) containing Ang II (MilliporeSigma, Oakville, ON, Canada) were subcutaneously implanted under isoflurane anesthesia as previously described [33 (link)]. Briefly, mice received bupivacaine hydrochloride (Marcaine; CDMV, Canada, 2 mg/kg s.c.) at the site of the incision before the osmotic pump implantation. Each osmotic pump delivered 600 ng/kg/min of Ang II for 14 days while the control group was sham-operated. NVC impairment induced by Ang II between sham-operated mice and mice receiving saline through an osmotic pump was compared in a separate group of experiments. The mice were injected i.p. every four days with an IL-17A neutralizing antibody (0.5 µg/µL; eBioMM17F3; eBioscience – Thermo Fisher Scientific, Burlington, ON, Canada), a specific IL-17A receptor antagonist (0.5 µg/µL; PL-31280; Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA), or an immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotype control (0.5 µg/µL Invitrogen – Thermo Fisher Scientific, Burlington, ON, Canada) starting on the day of the implantation (Supplemental Figure S6A). This administration regimen was chosen based on prior studies on murine models of hypertension and atherosclerosis [14 (link),34 (link),35 (link)].
In another group of animals, systemic infusion of 50 pg/kg/h of mouse-recombinant IL-17A (IL-17A Rb; 421-ML/CF; R&D system, Minneapolis, MN, USA) for 7 days was achieved via an osmotic minipump (model 1007D; Alzet) (Supplemental Figure S6B). Since no study has previously shown the effect of systemic infusion of IL-17A on NVC, a dose-response curve of IL-17A Rb on cerebrovascular responses was assessed. IL-17A Rb administration has shown a dose-dependent effect on CBF in response to whiskers stimulations. The 50 pg/kg/h dose was chosen because it showed a decrease in cerebrovascular response to the level seen in Ang II-induced hypertensive mice (Supplemental Figure S3). A subgroup of C57BL/6 mice was simultaneously treated with Tempol (4-hydroxy-TEMPO; Millipore Sigma,Oakville, ON, Canada; 1 mmol/L) dissolved in drinking water or with its vehicle (regular drinking water). Treatment with Tempol started 2 days before the osmotic pump implantation and ended at the time of sacrifice (one week after surgery) (Supplemental Figure S6C).

Youwakim J., Vallerand D, & Girouard H. (2023). Neurovascular Coupling in Hypertension Is Impaired by IL-17A through Oxidative Stress. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(4), 3959.

Publication 2023

Anesthesia Animals Antibodies, Neutralizing Arteriosclerosis Bupivacaine Hydrochloride High Blood Pressures Immunoglobulin G Immunoglobulin Isotypes Interleukin-17A Isoflurane Marcaine Mice, Inbred C57BL Mus Operative Surgical Procedures Osmosis Ovum Implantation Quercus Saline Solution tempol TEMPOL-H Treatment Protocols Vibrissae Vision

Sciatic Nerve Block for Postoperative Analgesia

No premedication was administered prior to arrival in theatre. Standard monitoring included electrocardiography, peripheral pulse oximetry and noninvasive blood pressure (NBP) measurement. Intravenous midazolam (Midanium, Polfa Warszawa, Warsaw, Poland) of 1 to 3 mg was administered to patients after confirming consent for the procedures and study inclusion. All participants received a spinal anesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine 10–15 mg (Marcaine Spinal 0.5% Heavy, Aspen Pharma Trading Limited, Dublin, Ireland). Pre-emptive analgesia with intravenous Paracetamol 1 g (Paracetamol Kabi Deutschland GmbH, Friedberg, Germany) was started at the time of performing the spinal anesthesia. Following onset of the spinal block, a single-shot sciatic nerve block was performed in the popliteal region at the division of the tibial and common peroneal nerve. The patient’s lower limb was flexed at the hip and knee joint to obtain access to the popliteal area and a linear 8–12 MHz transducer was used to identify the point of injection. Under sterile conditions, an 80 mm 22-gauge needle (Stimuplex D, B. Braun Melsungen AG, Melsungen, Germany) tip was positioned in-plane initially under the point of division of the sciatic nerve with the aim to spread the solution inside the perineural membrane of the sciatic nerve. On confirmation of appropriate spread a total of 20 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine was injected. All sciatic nerve blocks were performed by experienced anesthesia providers (Marek Janiak, Rafal Kowalczyk).
Patients randomized to the active treatment group received an intramuscular injection with 100 mg of tramadol (Poltram 100, Polpharma S.A., Starogard Gdanski, Poland) and patients in the control group received a similar volume of normal saline solution intramuscularly. The injections were performed into the non-operated lower limb that was blocked by the spinal anesthesia making it pain-free. The spinal anesthesia was performed in all cases from a sitting position, followed by an immediate supine patient placement and therefore the hemodynamic effects of the spinal block on both limbs were considered equal. Intramuscular tramadol absorption can be assumed to be identical and independent in which lower limb the drug was administered.
Postoperatively, all patients had intravenous paracetamol 1 g continued every 6 h starting from the pre-emptive dose and metamizole (Pyralgin, Polpharma S.A., Starogard Gdański, Poland) 1 g every 6 h beginning at block resolution (Numerical Rating Score, NRS > 0). Morphine hydrochloride was administered at doses of 1 mg kg⁻¹ (but not more than 10 mg) every 4 to 6 h beginning with a NRS > 3 and continued as nurse-controlled analgesia (NCA).

Janiak M., Gorniewski G., Kowalczyk R., Wasilewski P., Nowakowski P, & Trzebicki J. (2023). Effect of Intramuscular Tramadol on the Duration of Clinically Relevant Sciatic Nerve Blockade in Patients Undergoing Calcaneal Fracture Fixation: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare, 11(4), 498.

Publication 2023

Acetaminophen Anesthesia Bupivacaine Determination, Blood Pressure Dipyrone Electrocardiography Hemodynamics Intramuscular Absorption Intramuscular Injection Knee Joint Lower Extremity Management, Pain Marcaine Midazolam Morphine Needles Nerve Block Normal Saline Nurses Oximetry, Pulse Pain-Free Patients Peroneal Nerve Pharmaceutical Preparations Premedication Pyralgin Sciatic Nerve Spinal Anesthesia Sterility, Reproductive Tibia Tissue, Membrane Tramadol Transducers

Marcaine and Fentanyl for Lower-Limb Surgery

The participants were selected from patients undergoing lower-limb surgery and divided into two 20-patient groups of control and intervention by the sample randomization and blocking method (four blocks); one group received 2 mL (10 mg) of marcaine 0.5% (A or control), and the other received 1 mL (5 mg) of marcaine 0.5% plus 0.5 mL (25 µg) of fentanyl and 0.5 mL of sterile dextrose 5% (B or intervention). First, various four-blocks were developed (AABB, BBAA, ABAB, BABA, ABBA, and BAAB); then, one block was randomly selected, and based on the order of the selected block, patients were included in one of the groups A or B. Randomization was then performed similarly for other patients.

Sabertanha A., Makhmalbaf G.R., Bayati M, & Meshkini A. (2023). The Effect of Intrathecal Bupivacaine Plus Dextrose 5% and Fentanyl Compared with Bupivacaine Alone on the Onset and Duration of Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Lower-Limb Orthopedic Surgery. Advances in Orthopedics, 2023, 2496557.

Publication 2023

((4-bromobenzyl)oxy)acetic acid Cardiac Arrest Fentanyl Glucose Lower Extremity Marcaine Operative Surgical Procedures Patients Sterility, Reproductive

Anesthesia and Imaging Setup for Mouse Cortex

Neurophysiology data acquisition was conducted for this mouse⁵¹ but not used in the analysis presented in this manuscript. Briefly, anesthesia was induced with 3% isoflurane and maintained with 1.5 – 2% isoflurane during the surgical procedure. Mice were injected with 5–10 mg/kg ketoprofen subcutaneously at the start of the surgery. The anesthetized mice were placed in a stereotaxic head holder (Kopf Instruments) and its body temperature was maintained at 37° throughout the surgery using a homeothermic blanket system (Harvard Instruments). After shaving the scalp, bupivicane (0.05 mL, 0.5%, Marcaine) was applied subcutaneously. An area of skin was removed above the skull and the underlying fascia was scraped and removed. The wound margins were sealed with a thin layer of surgical glue (VetBond, 3M), and a 13 mm stainless-steel washer clamped in the headbar was attached with dental cement (Dentsply Grip Cement). A 4 mm diameter circular craniotomy was made centered on the border between primary visual cortex and lateromedial visual cortex. The cortical window was then sealed with a 4 mm coverslip (Warner Instruments), using cyanoacrylate glue (VetBond). The mice were allowed to recover for 1 day prior to imaging. After imaging, the washer was released from the headbar and the mouse was returned to the home cage. Prior to surgery and throughout the imaging period, the mouse was singly-housed and maintained on a reverse 12-hour light cycle (off at 11 am, on at 11 pm). During imaging, mice were head-mounted above a cylindrical treadmill and calcium imaging was performed using Chameleon Ti-Sapphire laser (Coherent) tuned to 920 nm and a large field of view mesoscope equipped with a custom objective (excitation NA 0.6, collection NA 1.0, 21 mm focal length). For the two photon structural imaging, approximately 55 minutes prior to collecting the stack, the animal was injected subcutaneously with 60 μL of 8.3 mM Dextran Texas Red fluorescent dye (Invitrogen, D3329).

Schneider-Mizell C.M., Bodor A., Brittain D., Buchanan J., Bumbarger D.J., Elabbady L., Kapner D., Kinn S., Mahalingam G., Seshamani S., Suckow S., Takeno M., Torres R., Yin W., Dorkenwald S., Bae J.A., Castro M.A., Fahey P.G., Froudakis E., Halageri A., Jia Z., Jordan C., Kemnitz N., Lee K., Li K., Lu R., Macrina T., Mitchell E., Mondal S.S., Mu S., Nehoran B., Papadopoulos S., Patel S., Pitkow X., Popovych S., Silversmith W., Sinz F.H., Turner N.L., Wong W., Wu J., Yu S.C., Reimer J., Tolias A.S., Seung H.S., Reid R.C., Collman F, & da Costa N.M. (2023). Cell-type-specific inhibitory circuitry from a connectomic census of mouse visual cortex. bioRxiv.

Publication Preprint 2023

Anesthesia Animals Body Temperature Calcium Chameleons Craniotomy Cranium Cyanoacrylates Dental Cements Dental Cementum Dentsply Dextran Fascia Fluorescent Dyes Grasp Head Isoflurane Ketoprofen Kidney Cortex Marcaine Mice, House Operative Surgical Procedures Sapphire Scalp Skin Stainless Steel Striate Cortex Visual Cortex Wounds

Top products related to «Marcaine»

Marcaine by AstraZeneca

Sourced in United Kingdom, Sweden

Marcaine is a local anesthetic medication used to temporarily block pain signals from a specific area of the body. It is typically administered by injection to numb a targeted region during medical procedures or to provide pain relief.

Marcain by AstraZeneca

Sourced in Sweden, United Kingdom

Marcain is a local anesthetic solution used for numbing specific areas of the body. It contains the active ingredient bupivacaine, a long-acting anesthetic agent. Marcain is designed to provide pain relief and facilitate medical procedures.

Marcaine by Pfizer

Sourced in Canada

Marcaine is a local anesthetic manufactured by Pfizer. It is used to temporarily block the transmission of pain signals from a specific area of the body. Marcaine contains the active ingredient bupivacaine, which is a long-acting anesthetic agent.

Gelfoam by Harvard Apparatus

Sourced in United States

Gelfoam is a sterile, absorbable gelatin sponge used for the control of bleeding. It is made from purified pork-skin gelatin and is designed to be placed directly onto the bleeding site to promote clotting.

Vetbond by 3M

Sourced in United States, Sao Tome and Principe, Japan

Vetbond is a tissue adhesive product manufactured by 3M for use in veterinary applications. It is designed to quickly and effectively bond tissues together, facilitating wound closure and healing. The core function of Vetbond is to provide a reliable and secure means of joining various types of tissue, such as skin, muscle, and membranes, without the need for sutures or other invasive methods.

Stereotaxic frame by Kopf Instruments

Sourced in United States, Germany, Italy

The Stereotaxic frame is a laboratory instrument used to immobilize and position the head of a subject, typically an animal, during surgical or experimental procedures. It provides a secure and reproducible method for aligning the subject's head in a three-dimensional coordinate system to enable precise targeting of specific brain regions.

Marcaine by Henry Schein

Sourced in United States

Marcaine is a local anesthetic medication used in medical procedures. It is an injectable solution that temporarily blocks nerve signals to provide pain relief. The core function of Marcaine is to numb a specific area of the body during medical treatments and surgeries.

Ketofen by Henry Schein

Sourced in United States

Ketofen is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Henry Schein. It is designed to perform specific functions within a laboratory setting. The core function of Ketofen is to provide a solution for a particular application, but a detailed description cannot be provided while maintaining an unbiased and factual approach.

Moisture eyes pm ophthalmic ointment by Bausch & Lomb

Sourced in United States

Moisture Eyes PM is an ophthalmic ointment manufactured by Bausch & Lomb. It is formulated to provide moisture and lubrication for the eyes.

Isoflurane by Baxter

Sourced in United States, Germany, Sweden, France, Denmark, United Kingdom, Canada, Italy, Norway, Austria, Switzerland, Poland, Puerto Rico, Belgium, Australia, Spain, Finland

Isoflurane is a volatile anesthetic agent used in the medical field. It is a clear, colorless, and nonflammable liquid that is vaporized and administered through inhalation. Isoflurane is primarily used to induce and maintain general anesthesia during surgical procedures.

More about "Marcaine"

Bupivacaine, a local anesthetic medication, is commonly known by the brand name Marcaine.
It is used to temporarily numb or block pain in specific areas of the body by inhibiting the transmission of pain signals from the affected area to the brain.
Marcaine, or Marcain, is widely used for various medical procedures, such as minor surgeries, dental work, and pain management.
It can be administered through injection or topical application and is generally considered safe and effective when used as directed by a healthcare professional.
Marcaine is often used in conjunction with other medical products like Gelfoam, a hemostatic gelatin sponge used to control bleeding, and Vetbond, a tissue adhesive.
The Stereotaxic frame, a device used to immobilize the head during neurosurgical procedures, may also be used alongside Marcaine.
In veterinary medicine, Ketofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, may be prescribed alongside Marcaine for pain management.
Marcaine can also be found in ophthalmic ointments like Moisture Eyes PM to provide local anesthesia for the eyes.
When administering Marcaine, it is important to follow the instructions provided by healthcare professionals, as improper use can lead to adverse effects.
Marcaine should be used with caution, especially in patients with certain medical conditions or who are taking other medications.
Experince the future of scientific research on Marcaine with PubCompare.ai's AI-driven protocols and tools, which can help identify the most accurate and reproducible research on this important local anesthetic.