Methanesulfonic acid
It is a strong monoprotic acid commonly used in industrial processes, such as the production of pharmaceuticals, dyes, and other chemicals.
Methanesulfonic acid is also employed as a catalyst in various organic reactions and as a component in some electrolytic solutions.
Despite its versatile applications, handling this acid requires caution due to its corrosive nature.
Researchers studying Methanesulfonic acid can leverage PubCompare.ai, a leading AI platform, to optimize their work by locating relevant protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, and utilizing AI-driven comparisons to identify the best protocols and products.
This can enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of Methanesulfonic acid research, leading to more reliable and impactful findings.
Most cited protocols related to «Methanesulfonic acid»
Data were acquired with an Axopatch 200B amplifier (Axon Instruments, Inc.) in patch mode with the Axopatch's filter set at 100 kHz. Currents were subsequently filtered by an 8-pole Bessel filter (Frequency Device, Inc.) at 20 kHz and sampled at 100 kHz with an 18-bit A/D converter (Instrutech ITC-18). A P/4 protocol was used for leak subtraction (Armstrong and Bezanilla, 1974 (link)) with a holding potential of −80 mV. For some mutants, with increased PO, current traces in high [Ca2+] were leak subtracted using a leak trace recorded in 0 Ca2+ at V ≤ −140 mV before and after changing [Ca2+]i. Electrodes were made from thick-walled 1010 glass (World Precision Instruments, Inc.) and their tips coated with wax (KERR Sticky Wax). The electrode's resistance in the bath solution (1.0–2.5 MΩ) was used as an estimate of series of resistance (RS) for correcting the voltage at which macroscopic IK was recorded. Series resistance error was <15 mV for all data presented. A Macintosh-based computer system was used in combination with Pulse Control acquisition software (Herrington and Bookman, 1995 ) and Igor Pro for graphing and data analysis (WaveMetrics, Inc.). A Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm was used to perform nonlinear least-squared fits.
Open probability (PO) was estimated over a wide voltage range by recording macroscopic IK when PO was high (≥0.005–0.05), and single channel currents in the same patch when PO was low (≤0.01–0.1). Macroscopic conductance (GK) was determined from tail currents at −80 mV, following 30-ms voltage pulses, and was normalized by GKmax measured in 50 μM Ca2+ to estimate PO. At more negative voltages, NPO was determined from steady-state recordings of 1–60 s duration that were digitally filtered at 5 kHz. NPO was determined from all-points amplitude histograms by measuring the fraction of time spent (PK) at each open level (K) using a half-amplitude criteria and summing their contributions. . Po was then determined by estimating N from GKmax in 50 μM Ca2+ (N = GKmax/gK, where gK is the single channel conductance at −80 mV).
Patch to patch variation in the half-activation voltage (Vh) of the GK-V relationship is observed for Slo1 channels (Stefani et al., 1997 (link); Horrigan et al., 1999 (link)) and causes broadening in the averaged voltage-dependent relationships relative to individual experiments. To compensate for such variation, Vh was determined for each patch and Po-V relations were shifted along the voltage axis by ΔVh = (〈Vh〉 − Vh), where 〈Vh〉 is the mean for all experiments at the same [Ca2+], before averaging (Horrigan and Aldrich, 1999 (link); Horrigan et al., 1999 (link)).
Mean activation charge displacement (qa = kT d(ln(PO)/dV)) was measured from the slope of the ln(PO)-V relation by linear regression over 60-mV intervals (approximately four data points) and plotted against mean voltage. This procedure minimized noise while introducing errors of at most 5% in qa, based on simulations using the HCA model (Horrigan et al., 1999 (link)). Fits of the qa-V relation by gating schemes were similarly determined by simulating the data at 20-mV intervals and determining qa by linear regression.
Gating currents were measured using admittance analysis as previously described (Horrigan and Aldrich, 1999 (link)). In brief, inside-out patches were excised into nominally K+-free solutions containing isotonic TEA in the extracellular solution to block residual ionic currents. Currents were recorded in response to 0.5–1-s voltage ramps upon which a sinusoidal voltage command (1736 hz, 60 mV peak to peak) was superimposed. Admittance was calculated for each cycle of the sinwave, and capacitance was determined after correcting for phase shifts due to instrumentation. The voltage-dependent component of the capacitance signal due to gating current was integrated over the voltage range to determine the Q-V relation, which was sampled and plotted at 20-mV intervals. The resulting Q-V is a pseudo steady-state measurement that approximates the closed channel charge distribution (QC) at voltages where PO is small (Horrigan and Aldrich, 1999 (link)).
The steady-state data in 0 Ca2+ were fit with the HCA model using a semi-automated procedure to estimate the best values and standard deviation for each parameter based on least-squares criteria. After determining the best fit to the log(Po)-V relation, with all parameters allowed to vary, the parameters were refined by iteratively fitting qa-V and log(PO)-V. First the voltage sensor charge (zJ) was varied to fit qa at voltages where PO < 0.1. Under these conditions, qa is highly dependent on zJ. Log(PO)-V was then fit with all parameters except zJ allowed to vary. The procedure was repeated until zJ approached a constant value. In this way, reasonable fits were obtained to both log(PO) and qa, and the values of charge (zJ) and coupling (D) were better constrained than by fitting either relation alone. In some cases where gating was shifted to very negative or positive voltages (R207Q,E; R210C; R213C,E; and D153C,K), the coupling factor D was poorly constrained and was held to the wild-type (WT) value until zJ was determined; and then D was allowed to vary with zJ held constant. Data in multiple [Ca2+] were fit by eye using the HA model (see RESULTS).
Most recents protocols related to «Methanesulfonic acid»
Example 10
The compound of Formula 1 (500 mg) was treated with MEK (10 ml, 20 vol) at 50° C. Methanesulfonic acid (1 mol eq from a 1 M stock solution in THF) was added. Water (5% w/w) was added to give a suspension. The suspension was slowly cooled to 5° C. at 0.1° C./min. The mother liquor was decanted, leaving behind powder on the sides of the vial and a gummy solid in the center of the vial. Both were analyzed by XRPD. The gummy solid was isolated as Form III, and 1H-NMR was consistent with the proposed structure, with 1 mol eq of methanesulfonic acid present.
TGA of the compound of Formula 1 methanesulfonic acid salt Form III showed a 4.51% w/w loss between 27° C.-140° C., equating to approximately 2 mol eq of water. The material was also analysed by Karl Fischer, which showed the material contained 5.8% (approximately 2 mol eq) water. The DSC contained a broad endothermic event between 30° C.-130° C. which is likely due to solvent loss. The DSC of the compound of Formula 1 methanesulfonic acid salt Form III also showed an endothermic melt event at 179.3° C. The sample was visually assessed by PLM and SEM and was found to consist of agglomerated particles. The material was very hygroscopic, with a weight uptake of 19.5% w/w between 0-90% RH. XRPD analysis following the GVS experiment showed the material remained unchanged.
XRPD analysis following static storage of the compound of Formula 1 methanesulfonic acid salt Form III at 25° C./97% RH and 40° C./75% RH for 5 days revealed the material remained unchanged, however a loss in crystallinity was observed in both conditions. The compound of Formula 1 methanesulfonic acid salt Form III was found to have a purity of 99.4% by HPLC.
The methanesulfonic acid salt (20 mg) was treated with solvent (20 vol) and matured (RT−50° C., 4 h) for 3 days. Samples were then analyzed by XRPD. Attempts in improve the crystallinity of the scaled up methanesulfonic acid salt was undertaken by subjecting the material to maturation for 72 h in a variety of solvents. A slight improvement in crystallinity was observed from maturing in 2-propanol, ethyl acetate, and tert-butyl methyl ether. Interestingly, complete dissolution was observed in ethanol and water and XRPD analysis was not performed for these samples.
Potassium currents were recorded using the Xenopus oocyte Cut-Open Voltage-Clamp (COVC) technique with a CA-1 amplifier (Dagan Corporation). The external recording solution contained (in mM) 12 KOH, 88 N-methyl-D-glucamine, 85 methanesulfonic acid, 5 HEPES, 5 MOPS, 5 MES, 0.25 Mg(OH)2, and 2 Ca(OH)2. The external solution was titrated to pH 6.0, 7.0, 7.4, and 8.0 with methanesulfonic acid or NMDG, accordingly. The intracellular solution contained (in mM) 98 KOH, 2 KHPO4, 88 methanesulfonic acid, 10 HEPES, 0.25 Mg(OH)2, and 2 EGTA. The intracellular solutions were titrated to pH 7.4 with methanesulfonic acid. Borosilicate glass electrodes (resistance = 0.2–2.0 MΩ) were filled with a solution containing (in mM) 1,000 KCl, 10 HEPES, and 10 EGTA, at pH 7.4 titrated with KOH.
As previously described, voltage control and current acquisition were performed using a USB-6251 multifunction acquisition board (National Instruments) controlled by an in-house program coded in LabVIEW (National Instruments; details available upon request). Current signals were filtered at 100 kHz, oversampled at 500 kHz–2 MHz, and stored at 5–25 kHz for offline analysis. Data were analyzed using custom Java-based software (details available upon request) and Origin 2019/Origin 2023b (OriginLab).
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More about "Methanesulfonic acid"
This colorless, odorless, and highly corrosive acid is a strong monoprotic acid commonly employed in various industrial processes, such as the production of pharmaceuticals, dyes, and other chemicals.
In addition to its industrial applications, methanesulfonic acid is also utilized as a catalyst in organic reactions and as a component in some electrolytic solutions.
Its usage extends to the fields of analytical chemistry, where it can be employed in conjunction with techniques like ion chromatography (ICS-3000 system) and spectrophotometry (SmartSpec 3000) for the analysis of compounds like 1-methyl-2-phenylindole and N-methyl-2-phenyl-indole.
Despite its numerous applications, handling methanesulfonic acid requires great caution due to its corrosive nature.
Researchers studying this compound can leverage the power of AI-driven platforms like PubCompare.ai to optimize their work.
By locating relevant protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, and utilizing AI-driven comparisons, researchers can identify the best protocols and products, enhancing the reproducibility and accuracy of their methanesulfonic acid research.
This can lead to more reliable and impactful findings, contributing to the advancement of the field.
Methanesulfonic acid's versatility extends to its use as a preservative and anesthetic agent, as evidenced by its alternative name, MS-222.
This compound has also been studied in the context of methanol and acetonitrile, which are related organic solvents with their own unique properties and applications.
By understanding the broader context of methanesulfonic acid and leveraging the insights provided by advanced AI platforms, researchers can unlock new possibilities and drive innovation in their methanesulfonic acid-related projects.