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Methanesulfonic acid

Methanesulfonic acid is a colorless, odorless, and highly corrosive organic compound with the chemical formula CH3SO3H.
It is a strong monoprotic acid commonly used in industrial processes, such as the production of pharmaceuticals, dyes, and other chemicals.
Methanesulfonic acid is also employed as a catalyst in various organic reactions and as a component in some electrolytic solutions.
Despite its versatile applications, handling this acid requires caution due to its corrosive nature.
Researchers studying Methanesulfonic acid can leverage PubCompare.ai, a leading AI platform, to optimize their work by locating relevant protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, and utilizing AI-driven comparisons to identify the best protocols and products.
This can enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of Methanesulfonic acid research, leading to more reliable and impactful findings.

Most cited protocols related to «Methanesulfonic acid»

Recordings were performed in transiently transfected HEK293T cells. Cells were cultured at 37°C, transfected using Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen), and plated onto glass coverslips. No significant difference was observed for EGFP-tagged-versus untagged TRPML1Va-transfected cells. Unless otherwise stated, pipette solution contained 147 mM Cs, 120 mM methane-sulfonate, 4 mM NaCl, 10 mM EGTA, 2 mM Na2-ATP, 2 mM MgCl2, 20 mM HEPES (pH 7.2; free [Ca2+]i < 10 nM). Standard extracellular bath solution (modified Tyrode’s solution) contained 153 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 2 mM CaCl2, 1 mM MgCl2, 20 mM HEPES, 10 mM glucose (pH 7.4). To reduce the background from an endogenous Cl conductance activated by protons that was strongly outwardly rectifying 11 (link), 25 (link), gluconate or methanesulfonic (Mes) was used to replace most of the Cl (remaining [Cl]o = 5–10 mM) for all low-pH bath solutions. Low-pH “Tyrode’s” solution contained 150 mM Na-Gluconate, 5 mM KCl, 2 mM CaCl2, 1 mM MgCl2, 10 mM glucose, 10 mM HEPES, and 10 mM MES (pH 4.6). NMDG+ solution contained 160 mM N-methyl-D-glucamine (NMDG), 20 mM HEPES, 10 mM Glucose (pH 7.4). Low-pH NMDG+ solution contained 150 mM NMDG, 10 mM Glucose, 10 mM MES, 10 HEPES (pH adjusted to 4.6 using methanesulfonic acid). “Isotonic” metal solutions contained 105 mM metal ions, 30 mM Glucose, 10 mM HEPES, 10 mM MES, 0–30 mM NMDG+ (pH 4.6). Additional metal solutions (1, 3, 10, and 30 mM) derived from mixing “isotonic” solutions with low pH NMDG+ solutions at various ratios. Monovalent (Nominal Divalent-free) solutions contained 10 mM glucose, 20 mM HEPES, 160 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl (pH 7.4; free Ca2+ <1–10 μM). All solutions were applied via a fast perfusion system to achieve a complete solution exchange within a few seconds. Data were collected using an Axopatch 2A patch clamp amplifier, Digidata 1440, and pClamp 10.0 software (Axon Instruments). Whole-cell currents and single channel recordings were digitized at 10 kHz and filtered at 2 kHz. Capacity current was reduced as much as possible using the amplifier circuitry. Series resistance compensation was 60–85%. All experiments were conducted at room temperature (~21–23°C) and all recordings were analyzed with pCLAMP10 (Axon Instruments, Union City, CA) and Origin 7.5 (Origin Lab, Northampton, MA).
Publication 2008
Currents were recorded using the patch clamp technique in the inside-out or outside-out configuration (Hamill et al., 1981 (link)). For IK measurements, the internal solution contained (in mM) 110 K-methanesulfonic acid (K-MES), 20 HEPES. 40 μM (+)-18-crown-6-tetracarboxylic acid (18C6TA) was added to chelate contaminant Ba2+ (Diaz et al., 1996 (link); Neyton, 1996 (link)). In addition, “0 Ca2+” solution contained 5 mM EGTA, reducing free Ca2+ to an estimated 0.8 nM in the presence of ∼10 μM contaminant Ca2+. Solutions containing Ca2+ were buffered with 5 mM HEDTA, and free [Ca2+] was measured with a Ca2+ electrode (Orion Research Inc.). Nominal [Ca2+] reported as 1, 10, and 50 μM corresponded to measured concentrations of 0.87, 8.7, and 49.9 μM, respectively. Ca2+ was added as CaCl2, and [Cl] was adjusted to 10 mM with HCl. The external solution contained 110 K-MES, 2 MgCl2, 6 HCl, 20 HEPES. For gating current measurements, the internal solution contained 135 NMDG-MES, 6 NMDG-Cl, 20 HEPES, 2 EGTA, 40 μM 18C6TA. The external solution contained 125 TEA-MES, 2 TEA-Cl, 2 MgCl2, 20 HEPES. The pH of all solutions was adjusted to 7.2 with MES. Experiments were performed at room temperature (20–22°C).
Data were acquired with an Axopatch 200B amplifier (Axon Instruments, Inc.) in patch mode with the Axopatch's filter set at 100 kHz. Currents were subsequently filtered by an 8-pole Bessel filter (Frequency Device, Inc.) at 20 kHz and sampled at 100 kHz with an 18-bit A/D converter (Instrutech ITC-18). A P/4 protocol was used for leak subtraction (Armstrong and Bezanilla, 1974 (link)) with a holding potential of −80 mV. For some mutants, with increased PO, current traces in high [Ca2+] were leak subtracted using a leak trace recorded in 0 Ca2+ at V ≤ −140 mV before and after changing [Ca2+]i. Electrodes were made from thick-walled 1010 glass (World Precision Instruments, Inc.) and their tips coated with wax (KERR Sticky Wax). The electrode's resistance in the bath solution (1.0–2.5 MΩ) was used as an estimate of series of resistance (RS) for correcting the voltage at which macroscopic IK was recorded. Series resistance error was <15 mV for all data presented. A Macintosh-based computer system was used in combination with Pulse Control acquisition software (Herrington and Bookman, 1995 ) and Igor Pro for graphing and data analysis (WaveMetrics, Inc.). A Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm was used to perform nonlinear least-squared fits.
Open probability (PO) was estimated over a wide voltage range by recording macroscopic IK when PO was high (≥0.005–0.05), and single channel currents in the same patch when PO was low (≤0.01–0.1). Macroscopic conductance (GK) was determined from tail currents at −80 mV, following 30-ms voltage pulses, and was normalized by GKmax measured in 50 μM Ca2+ to estimate PO. At more negative voltages, NPO was determined from steady-state recordings of 1–60 s duration that were digitally filtered at 5 kHz. NPO was determined from all-points amplitude histograms by measuring the fraction of time spent (PK) at each open level (K) using a half-amplitude criteria and summing their contributions. . Po was then determined by estimating N from GKmax in 50 μM Ca2+ (N = GKmax/gK, where gK is the single channel conductance at −80 mV).
Patch to patch variation in the half-activation voltage (Vh) of the GK-V relationship is observed for Slo1 channels (Stefani et al., 1997 (link); Horrigan et al., 1999 (link)) and causes broadening in the averaged voltage-dependent relationships relative to individual experiments. To compensate for such variation, Vh was determined for each patch and Po-V relations were shifted along the voltage axis by ΔVh = (〈Vh〉 − Vh), where 〈Vh〉 is the mean for all experiments at the same [Ca2+], before averaging (Horrigan and Aldrich, 1999 (link); Horrigan et al., 1999 (link)).
Mean activation charge displacement (qa = kT d(ln(PO)/dV)) was measured from the slope of the ln(PO)-V relation by linear regression over 60-mV intervals (approximately four data points) and plotted against mean voltage. This procedure minimized noise while introducing errors of at most 5% in qa, based on simulations using the HCA model (Horrigan et al., 1999 (link)). Fits of the qa-V relation by gating schemes were similarly determined by simulating the data at 20-mV intervals and determining qa by linear regression.
Gating currents were measured using admittance analysis as previously described (Horrigan and Aldrich, 1999 (link)). In brief, inside-out patches were excised into nominally K+-free solutions containing isotonic TEA in the extracellular solution to block residual ionic currents. Currents were recorded in response to 0.5–1-s voltage ramps upon which a sinusoidal voltage command (1736 hz, 60 mV peak to peak) was superimposed. Admittance was calculated for each cycle of the sinwave, and capacitance was determined after correcting for phase shifts due to instrumentation. The voltage-dependent component of the capacitance signal due to gating current was integrated over the voltage range to determine the Q-V relation, which was sampled and plotted at 20-mV intervals. The resulting Q-V is a pseudo steady-state measurement that approximates the closed channel charge distribution (QC) at voltages where PO is small (Horrigan and Aldrich, 1999 (link)).
The steady-state data in 0 Ca2+ were fit with the HCA model using a semi-automated procedure to estimate the best values and standard deviation for each parameter based on least-squares criteria. After determining the best fit to the log(Po)-V relation, with all parameters allowed to vary, the parameters were refined by iteratively fitting qa-V and log(PO)-V. First the voltage sensor charge (zJ) was varied to fit qa at voltages where PO < 0.1. Under these conditions, qa is highly dependent on zJ. Log(PO)-V was then fit with all parameters except zJ allowed to vary. The procedure was repeated until zJ approached a constant value. In this way, reasonable fits were obtained to both log(PO) and qa, and the values of charge (zJ) and coupling (D) were better constrained than by fitting either relation alone. In some cases where gating was shifted to very negative or positive voltages (R207Q,E; R210C; R213C,E; and D153C,K), the coupling factor D was poorly constrained and was held to the wild-type (WT) value until zJ was determined; and then D was allowed to vary with zJ held constant. Data in multiple [Ca2+] were fit by eye using the HA model (see RESULTS).
Publication 2006

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Publication 2013
Adenosine Triphosphate, Magnesium Salt barium chloride Cells cesium chloride Dalfampridine Egtazic Acid Glucose HEPES Magnesium Chloride methanesulfonic acid Neurons Niflumic Acid omega-conotoxin-MVIIC Protoplasm Pulse Rate Sodium Chloride Tetraethylammonium Chloride Tromethamine

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Publication 2012
Amphotericin B Bath Bicarbonate, Sodium Cells Dendrites diethylstilbestrol monophosphate Egtazic Acid Epithelium Fluorescence Glucose HEPES Light methanesulfonic acid Microscopy Mus Odorants Olfactory Epithelium Pressure Pulse Rate Sodium Chloride Submersion Sucrose Sulfate, Magnesium Sulfoxide, Dimethyl
Three- to four-week-old Sprague Dawley rats were anesthetized and killed. The brain was rapidly dissected, and horizontal slices (230 μm thick) containing the VTA were prepared using a Vibratome. Slices were allowed to recover for at least 45 min in artificial CSF [aCSF; containing the following (in mm): 126 NaCl, 1.6 KCl, 2.4 CaCl2, 1.2 NaH2PO4, 1.2 MgCl2, 18 NaHCO3, and 11 glucose, saturated with 95% O2 and 5% CO2] before being transferred individually to the recording chamber and superfused with continuous flow (2 ml/min) of aCSF at 32°C containing picrotoxin (100 μm) to block GABAA receptor-mediated synaptic currents.
Cells were visualized using an upright microscope with infrared illumination. Whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings were made using an Axopatch 1D amplifier (Molecular Devices) with 3−5 MΩ glass electrodes containing the following (in mm): 120 CsCH3SO3, 20 HEPES, 0.4 EGTA, 2.8 NaCl, 5 N(CH2CH3)4Cl, 2.5 Mg-ATP, and 0.25 Mg-GTP, pH 7.3. Putative DA cells were identified by the presence of a large hyperpolarization-activated potassium current, Ih (Lacey et al., 1990 (link); Johnson and North, 1992 (link)). According to previous studies, Ih is present in 84% of VTA DA neurons (Sarti et al., 2007 (link)), and there is general agreement that GABAergic neurons do not have Ih (Margolis et al., 2006 (link)). Although the presence of an Ih current does not unequivocally identify DA cells, it is likely that the contribution of Ih-positive tyrosine hydroxylase-negative cells to the observed effects is very small. A bipolar stimulating electrode was placed rostrally at a distance of 100−300 μm from the recording electrode. Afferents were stimulated at 0.1 Hz, and the evoked EPSCs were filtered at 2 kHz, digitized at 5−10 kHz, and recorded using Igor Pro software (WaveMetrics).
NMDAR or AMPAR traces were constructed by averaging 15 EPSCs elicited at +40 mV and −70 mV, respectively. NMDAR responses were calculated by subtracting the average response in the presence of 50 μm d-2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (d-APV) (AMPAR-mediated only) from that recorded in its absence. For LTP experiments, evoked EPSPs were recorded from neurons current clamped at −70 mV using 3−5 MΩ electrodes filled with a potassium methanesulfonate solution containing the following: 0.95% KOH (v/v), 0.76% methanesulfonic acid (v/v), 0.18% hydrochloric acid (v/v), 20 mm HEPES, 0.2 mm EGTA, 2.8 mm NaCl, 2.5 mg/ml MgATP, and 0.25 mg/ml GTP, pH 7.3. LTP was induced by using a spike-timing-dependent (STD) protocol as previously described (Liu et al., 2005 (link)): 20 bursts of EPSP–spike pairs were delivered, with each burst consisting of five paired stimuli delivered at 10 Hz (interburst interval of 5 s). The postsynaptic spikes were evoked ∼5 ms after the onset of EPSPs by injecting depolarizing current pulses (1−2 nA, 3 ms). All recordings with a stable 10 min baseline were included. The magnitude of LTP was computed by averaging 30 consecutive EPSPs 5 min before and 30 min after the end of the induction protocol unless otherwise indicated.
In experiments involving in vivo drug exposure, rats were weighed, injected with cocaine (15 mg/kg, i.p.) or equal amount of 0.9% saline, and then returned to their home cage for 2 or ∼23 h, after which VTA slices were prepared. Thus, whole-cell recordings started at 3−5 or ∼24 h after cocaine or saline administration. In experiments involving in vitro drug exposure, VTA slices were normally prepared and after recovery were incubated with test substances (10−30 min as indicated). After this treatment, slices were transferred (twice) in a beaker containing regular aCSF for complete washout of the drugs and allowed to recover for 2−4 h. Thus, whole-cell recordings started 3−5 h after the end of drug exposure.
For experiments of rectification, spermine (100 μm) was added to the intracellular solution. The rectification indices (RIs) were calculated by plotting the magnitude of the average EPSCs at −70, 0, and +40 mV and taking the ratio of the slope of the lines connecting values at 0−40 and at −70 to 0 mV as previously described (Adesnik and Nicoll, 2007 (link)). Neurons were held at each potential for 2 min (12 sweeps) in the presence of d-APV. Picrotoxin, cocaine, R-(+)-7-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1 H-3-benzazepine (SCH-23390), (±)-6-chloro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1 H-3-benzazepine hydrobromide (SKF-81297), anisomycin, cycloheximide, spermine, and 1-naphthyl acetyl spermine (NASPM) were all purchased from Sigma. d-APV was from Tocris Bioscience, and philantotoxin-74 (PhTx-74) was kindly provided by Dr. P. M. England (University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA). Three- to four-week-old mice lacking functional D5 dopamine receptors were a generous gift from Dr. D. R. Sibley (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD). D5 knock-out mice (D5−/−) and wild-type littermates (D5+/+) were generated as previously described (Hollon et al., 2002 (link)).
Publication 2008

Most recents protocols related to «Methanesulfonic acid»

Example 10

The compound of Formula 1 (500 mg) was treated with MEK (10 ml, 20 vol) at 50° C. Methanesulfonic acid (1 mol eq from a 1 M stock solution in THF) was added. Water (5% w/w) was added to give a suspension. The suspension was slowly cooled to 5° C. at 0.1° C./min. The mother liquor was decanted, leaving behind powder on the sides of the vial and a gummy solid in the center of the vial. Both were analyzed by XRPD. The gummy solid was isolated as Form III, and 1H-NMR was consistent with the proposed structure, with 1 mol eq of methanesulfonic acid present.

TGA of the compound of Formula 1 methanesulfonic acid salt Form III showed a 4.51% w/w loss between 27° C.-140° C., equating to approximately 2 mol eq of water. The material was also analysed by Karl Fischer, which showed the material contained 5.8% (approximately 2 mol eq) water. The DSC contained a broad endothermic event between 30° C.-130° C. which is likely due to solvent loss. The DSC of the compound of Formula 1 methanesulfonic acid salt Form III also showed an endothermic melt event at 179.3° C. The sample was visually assessed by PLM and SEM and was found to consist of agglomerated particles. The material was very hygroscopic, with a weight uptake of 19.5% w/w between 0-90% RH. XRPD analysis following the GVS experiment showed the material remained unchanged.

XRPD analysis following static storage of the compound of Formula 1 methanesulfonic acid salt Form III at 25° C./97% RH and 40° C./75% RH for 5 days revealed the material remained unchanged, however a loss in crystallinity was observed in both conditions. The compound of Formula 1 methanesulfonic acid salt Form III was found to have a purity of 99.4% by HPLC.

The methanesulfonic acid salt (20 mg) was treated with solvent (20 vol) and matured (RT−50° C., 4 h) for 3 days. Samples were then analyzed by XRPD. Attempts in improve the crystallinity of the scaled up methanesulfonic acid salt was undertaken by subjecting the material to maturation for 72 h in a variety of solvents. A slight improvement in crystallinity was observed from maturing in 2-propanol, ethyl acetate, and tert-butyl methyl ether. Interestingly, complete dissolution was observed in ethanol and water and XRPD analysis was not performed for these samples.

TABLE 3
XRPD Peak Data for the compound of Formula
1 methanesulfonic acid salt Form III
2-Theta (°)Relative Intensity (%)
5.1953.5
7.5169.4
8.2568.8
8.8538.4
9.4539.6
12.4356.5
11.6542.6
12.9658.3
14.0470.9
17.93100
17.3166.7
16.9372.7
16.5772.7
15.7657.7
14.7548
19.1562.2
23.5567
24.5360.4
25.5162.2
26.6161

Patent 2024
Oocytes were injected with 2 ng of each in vitro-transcribed cRNA encoding for the human KV7.2 and KV7.3 channels. Injected oocytes were incubated at 16–17°C for 2–4 days before recording. The incubation solution was titrated to pH 7.5 with NaOH and contained (in mM) 95 NaCl, 1 NaOH, 2 KCl, 5 HEPES, 1 MgCl2, 1.8 CaCl2, 1 MgCl2, 2 pyruvic acid sodium salt, and 20–50 mg/l of gentamycin.
Potassium currents were recorded using the Xenopus oocyte Cut-Open Voltage-Clamp (COVC) technique with a CA-1 amplifier (Dagan Corporation). The external recording solution contained (in mM) 12 KOH, 88 N-methyl-D-glucamine, 85 methanesulfonic acid, 5 HEPES, 5 MOPS, 5 MES, 0.25 Mg(OH)2, and 2 Ca(OH)2. The external solution was titrated to pH 6.0, 7.0, 7.4, and 8.0 with methanesulfonic acid or NMDG, accordingly. The intracellular solution contained (in mM) 98 KOH, 2 KHPO4, 88 methanesulfonic acid, 10 HEPES, 0.25 Mg(OH)2, and 2 EGTA. The intracellular solutions were titrated to pH 7.4 with methanesulfonic acid. Borosilicate glass electrodes (resistance = 0.2–2.0 MΩ) were filled with a solution containing (in mM) 1,000 KCl, 10 HEPES, and 10 EGTA, at pH 7.4 titrated with KOH.
As previously described, voltage control and current acquisition were performed using a USB-6251 multifunction acquisition board (National Instruments) controlled by an in-house program coded in LabVIEW (National Instruments; details available upon request). Current signals were filtered at 100 kHz, oversampled at 500 kHz–2 MHz, and stored at 5–25 kHz for offline analysis. Data were analyzed using custom Java-based software (details available upon request) and Origin 2019/Origin 2023b (OriginLab).
Publication 2024
Plasma was collected by mixing whole blood with EDTA and centrifugation. Both plasma and urine were stored at -80 °C until further measurement. Sulfite and thiosulfate were determined using monobromobimane derivatization and subsequent HPLC analysis (Hildebrandt et al., 2013) (link). 15 µl of sample were mixed with 15 µl 160 mM HEPES, pH 8.0, 16 mM EDTA, 15 µl acetonitrile and 3 µl 46 mM monobromobimane in acetonitrile. The samples were mixed and incubated in the dark for 30 min at room temperature. The reactions were stopped with either 65 mM methanesulfonic acid (for urine) or 1.5% methanesulfonic acid (for plasma). The samples were diluted with a four-fold volume of solvent A (0.5% acetic acid, pH 5.0). Flow rate was set to 1 ml / min. excitation and emission at 480nm.
Publication 2024
The phenazine-substituted poly(benzimidazobenzophenanthroline) ladder polymer, BBL-P, was synthesized according to our previously reported procedure.28 (link) Methanesulfonic acid (MSA) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received.
Publication 2024
3,4-diaminobenzoic acid (DABA), 3-aminobenzoic acid (MABA), 4-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were procured from TCI (Tokyo Chemical Industry, Tokyo, Japan). Poly(phosphoric acid) (PPA) with 85% purity was sourced from Sigma-Aldrich. Methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) were provided by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan) The pH test paper used in this research was supplied by Macherey-Nagel GmbH & Co. KG, Düren, Germany. All the solvents and reagents employed in this study were utilized as received without any additional processing or purification.
Publication 2024

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Methanesulfonic acid is a colorless, odorless, and water-soluble organic compound. It is a strong acid with a chemical formula of CH3SO3H. Methanesulfonic acid is commonly used as a reagent in various laboratory applications.
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MS-222 is a chemical compound commonly used as a fish anesthetic in research and aquaculture settings. It is a white, crystalline powder that can be dissolved in water to create a sedative solution for fish. The primary function of MS-222 is to temporarily immobilize fish, allowing for safe handling, examination, or other procedures to be performed. This product is widely used in the scientific community to facilitate the study and care of various fish species.
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Methanol is a clear, colorless, and flammable liquid that is widely used in various industrial and laboratory applications. It serves as a solvent, fuel, and chemical intermediate. Methanol has a simple chemical formula of CH3OH and a boiling point of 64.7°C. It is a versatile compound that is widely used in the production of other chemicals, as well as in the fuel industry.
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More about "Methanesulfonic acid"

Methanesulfonic acid, also known as MS-222 or methyl sulfonic acid, is a versatile and widely used organic compound with the chemical formula CH3SO3H.
This colorless, odorless, and highly corrosive acid is a strong monoprotic acid commonly employed in various industrial processes, such as the production of pharmaceuticals, dyes, and other chemicals.
In addition to its industrial applications, methanesulfonic acid is also utilized as a catalyst in organic reactions and as a component in some electrolytic solutions.
Its usage extends to the fields of analytical chemistry, where it can be employed in conjunction with techniques like ion chromatography (ICS-3000 system) and spectrophotometry (SmartSpec 3000) for the analysis of compounds like 1-methyl-2-phenylindole and N-methyl-2-phenyl-indole.
Despite its numerous applications, handling methanesulfonic acid requires great caution due to its corrosive nature.
Researchers studying this compound can leverage the power of AI-driven platforms like PubCompare.ai to optimize their work.
By locating relevant protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, and utilizing AI-driven comparisons, researchers can identify the best protocols and products, enhancing the reproducibility and accuracy of their methanesulfonic acid research.
This can lead to more reliable and impactful findings, contributing to the advancement of the field.
Methanesulfonic acid's versatility extends to its use as a preservative and anesthetic agent, as evidenced by its alternative name, MS-222.
This compound has also been studied in the context of methanol and acetonitrile, which are related organic solvents with their own unique properties and applications.
By understanding the broader context of methanesulfonic acid and leveraging the insights provided by advanced AI platforms, researchers can unlock new possibilities and drive innovation in their methanesulfonic acid-related projects.