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Methyl-gag

Methyl-gag is a key component of the HIV retroviral genome that plays a crucial role in viral infection and replication.
It is an extensively studied target for HIV research, with a wide range of published protocols and techniques aimed at understanding its biological functions and potential therapeutic applications.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform can help researchers streamline their Methyl-gag studies by easily identifying the most relevant and optimal protocols from the scientific literature, preprints, and patents.
This powerful tool can enhance the reproducibility and efficiency of Methyl-gag research, ultimately contributing to advancements in our understanding and treatment of HIV.

Most cited protocols related to «Methyl-gag»

To simplify this study, all characterized AFEX pretreatment-derived biomass decomposition products were divided into five groups (Table 4): 1) nitrogenous compounds, 2) furans, 3) aliphatic acids, 4) aromatic compounds, and 5) carbohydrates.

Plant cell wall-derived decomposition products and water-soluble extractives present in AFEX-CS hydrolysate (ACH)

CategoryCompoundConcentration (mg/L)
Nitrogenous compoundsFeruloyl amide1065
p-Coumaroyl amide886
Acetamide5674
2-Methylpyrazine10
2,5-Dimethylpyrazine1
2,6-Dimethylpyrazine4
2,4-Dimethyl-1 H-imidazole24
4-Methyl-1 H-imidazole95
Furan5-Hydroxymethyl furfural145
Aliphatic acidsMalonic acid33
Lactic acid181
cis-Aconitic acid111
Succinic acid60
Fumaric acid30
trans-Aconitic acid329
Levulinic acid2.5
Itaconic acid8.2
Acetic acid1958
Formic acid517
Aromatic compoundsVanillic acid15
Syringic acid15
Benzoic acid59
p-Coumaric acid345
Ferulic acid137
Cinnamic acid14
Caffeic acid2
Vanillin20
Syringaldehyde29.5
4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde24
4-Hydroxyacetophenone3.4
CarbohydratesGlucose60 g/L
Xylose26 g/L
Arabinose5 g/L
Gluco-oligomers12 g/L
Xylo-oligomers18 g/L

The concentration of nitrogenous compounds and furan were calculated from the content of the analyte in dry pretreated biomass [15 (link)] based on 18% solids loading (w/v) assuming 100% solubilization into the liquid phase.

The effect of these five groups of compounds on xylose fermentation was tested individually and in combination (five groups in combination) in order to investigate their synergistic inhibitory effect. The fermentations were conducted in SM supplemented with 60 g/L glucose and 26 g/L xylose. The decomposition products in each group and their concentrations are given in Table 2, and matched their absolute abundance as found in 6% glucan loading-based ACHs. To make stock solutions of decomposition products, all compounds were dissolved in water according to the categories of aliphatic acids, aromatic acids, aromatic aldehyde/ketones, furans, imidazoles, and pyrazines at 50-fold higher concentrations and the stock solutions were sterile filtered prior to their addition into the SM. Ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, amides, and carbohydrates were directly added to the fermentation media at the desired concentrations (Table 2) due to their lower solubility in water. Fermentations of SM without any decomposition products (blank) and ACHs were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. The ACH was adjusted to pH 5.5 before inoculum addition.
Publication 2015
Ache Acids Aconitum Aldehydes Aliphatic Acids Amides Carbohydrates Cell Wall Compounds, Nitrogen Fermentation ferulic acid furan Furans Glucans Glucose Imidazoles Ketones Methyl-gag Psychological Inhibition Pyrazines Sterility, Reproductive trans-3-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid Xylose
NMR measurements were taken on 1.1 g samples of 2-methyl-2-butene in 10 mm NMR tubes diluted with CDCl3 to a constant height of 5 cm. A T1 determination by the inversion-recovery method was carried out for each NMR sample, and the T1 for each NMR signal remained constant within experimental error from sample to sample. The 13C spectra were recorded at 100.58 MHz with inverse gated decoupling, using 150 s delays between calibrated 45° pulses. An acquisition time of 7.301s was used and 262144 points were collected. Integrations were determined numerically using a constant region for each peak that was ≈5 times the peak width at half height on either side of the peak. A zeroth order baseline correction was generally applied, but in no case was a first order (tilt) correction applied. The results for all reactions are summarized in the Supporting Information.
Publication 2009
butylene Inversion, Chromosome Methyl-gag Pulses
Eight‐month‐old mice were euthanized, and the left ventricles were dissected in PBS for histological analysis. Left ventricles were fixed in 4% formaldehyde, washed in PBS, embedded in paraffin, and sectioned in 5‐µm slices at the level of the papillary muscle. Sections were deparaffinized and processed following standard Masson trichrome staining protocol: 5 minutes in Weigert hematoxylin (1% hematoxylin in 99% ethanol), 5 minutes in picric acid (10 mL saturated picric acid solution in 40 mL 96% ethanol), 10 minutes in Biebrich scarlet‐acid fuchsin solution (300 mg Biebrich scarlet and 100 mg acid fuchsin in 40 mL distilled water and 160 mL 0.2% acetic acid), and 2 minutes in methyl blue solution (1.25 g methyl blue in 100 mL distilled water and 1 mL ethanol). The last 2 steps were followed by 10 minutes in 1% phosphomolybdic acid. Images were taken using Olympus VS120 slide scanner (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) at ×20 magnification and analyzed using ImageJ software. Measurements were obtained from 31 to 42 cardiomyocytes from each mouse in long‐axis and cross‐sectional orientation. Measurements of cross‐sectional area and longitudinal diameter from each animal were averaged for analysis.
Publication 2022
Acetic Acid acid-fuchsin aniline blue Animals Biebrich Scarlet Epistropheus Ethanol Formaldehyde Hematoxylin Left Ventricles Methyl-gag Methyl Blue Mice, House Myocytes, Cardiac Papillary Muscles Paraffin Embedding phosphomolybdic acid picric acid
Cell growth was monitored by measuring the dry biomass weight as reported previously (Jin et al., 2020 (link)). Briefly, 1 ml of the cell cultures was sampled to determine the biomass concentration. Cells were washed with distilled water before being filtered on a pre-weighted Whatman GF/C filter (Whatman, Buckinghamshire, UK). The filters containing Chlorella were dried in an oven at 105°C for 24 h, then taken out and cooled to room temperature in a vacuum dryer and weighed. The weight of Chlorella cells was calculated and expressed in grams per liter as the biomass concentration.
The protein content of Chlorella was determined with a modified Kjeldahl method (Jung et al., 2003 (link)). The total nitrogen content in the freeze-dried algal powder was determined by the automated Kjeldahl analyzer (UDK159-VELP, Italy), and the protein content of Chlorella was calculated with the conversion factor of 6.25. Briefly, samples of 0.1–0.2 g were accurately weighed out and then digested with 10 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid in the presence of a catalyst by using a digestion system (DK20, Italy). The catalyst is a mixture of potassium sulfate (2.8 g), copper sulfate pentahydrate (0.08 g), and titanium dioxide (0.08 g). Forty percent of NaOH (w/v) was used to produce an alkaline distillation environment, and 4% boric acid (w/v) solution was used to collect ammonia from distilled water. The titrations were performed with standardized 0.1 N hydrochloric acid. The mixed indicator regent (0.1 g of methyl red and 0.1 g of bromocresol green in 100 ml of 95% ethanol) was used to identify the end point of the titration.
The glucose concentration was determined with a Safe-Accu UG Blood Glucose Monitoring System (model BGMS-1, Sinocare Inc., Changsha, China). The Na+ concentration of fermentation broth was determined using the Biochemical Analyzer (BioProfile 300A, Nova, Waltham MA, USA) after centrifugation and filtration through a 0.22-μm filter membrane (Millipore, USA).
Publication 2021
Ammonium Hydroxide boric acid Bromcresol Green Cell Culture Techniques Centrifugation Chlorella Digestive System Distillation Ethanol Fermentation Filtration Freezing Glucose Hemic System Hydrochloric acid Methyl-gag Nitrogen potassium sulfate Powder Proteins Sulfate, Copper Sulfuric Acids Tissue, Membrane titanium dioxide Titrimetry Vacuum
Fecal samples from thirteen-week-old mice were collected to evaluate the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) profile. To obtain the best extraction efficiency, the micro-extraction procedure was performed as described in Carroccio et al. (37 (link)), with slight modifications. One gram of sample with addiction of 10 μl of 4-methyl-2-pentanol (final concentration 9.9 μg/g) was placed into 20 mL glass vials and sealed with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-coated silicone rubber septa (20-mm diameter; Supelco, Bellefonte, PA, USA). The samples were then equilibrated for 30 min at 60°C. At the end of sample equilibration, a conditioned 50/30 μm DVB/CAR/PDMS fibre (Supelco) was exposed to headspace for 50 min to extract volatile compounds by CombiPAL system injector autosampler (CTC Analytics, Zwingen, Switzerland). Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were thermally desorbed by immediately transferring the fibre into the heated injection port (220°C) of a Clarus 680 (Perkin Elmer, Beaconsfield UK) gas chromatography equipped with an Rtx-WAX column (30 m × 0.25 mm i.d., 0.25 μm film thickness) (Restek) and coupled to a Clarus SQ8MS (Perkin Elmer) with source and transfer line temperatures kept at 250 and 210°C, respectively. The injection was carried out in splitless mode for two minutes, and helium was used as the carrier gas at flow rate of 1 mL/min. The oven temperature was initially set at 35°C for 8 min, then increased to 60°C at 4°C/min, to 160°C at 6°C/min, and finally to 200°C at 20°C/min and held for 15 min. Electron ionization masses were recorded at 70 eV in the mass-to-charge ratio interval, which was m/z 34 to 350. The GC-MS generated a chromatogram with peaks representing individual compounds. Each chromatogram was analyzed for peak identification using the National Institute of Standard and Technology 2008 (NIST) library. A peak area threshold of >1 000 000 and 90% or greater probability of matches was used for VOCs identification, followed by manual visual inspection of the fragment patterns when required. In order to quantify the identified compounds, the internal standard area was used by interpolation with the area of each compound. Final concentrations were expressed as μg/g of 2-methyl-4-pentanol.
Publication 2021
Addictive Behavior ARID1A protein, human cDNA Library Electrons Feces Fibrosis Gas Chromatography Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Helium Methyl-gag Mice, Laboratory polytetrafluoroethylene-silicone Rubber Volatile Organic Compounds Z 350

Most recents protocols related to «Methyl-gag»

Example 2

30 g of pentaerythritol triacrylate, 2.5 g of a high molecular weight copolymer (BEAMSET 371, Arakawa Co., epoxy acrylate, molecular weight 40,000), 20 g of methyl ethyl ketone, and 0.5 g of a leveling agent (Tego Wet 270) were uniformly mixed, and then 2 g of an acryl-styrene copolymer (volume average particle diameter: 2 μm, manufacturing company: Sekisui Plastics) was added as fine particles having a refractive index of 1.525 to prepare a hard coating composition.

The obtained hard coating composition was coated on a PET film (thickness 80 μm, retardation 10,000 nm) with a #10 Mayer bar, and dried at 90° C. for 1 minute. The dried product was irradiated by UV of 150 mJ/cm2 to prepare a hard coating layer with a thickness of 5 μm.

100 parts by weight of trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTA), 97.5 parts by weight of hollow silica nanoparticles (diameter: about 50 to 60 nm, JSC Catalysts and Chemicals), 244 parts by weight of solid-type ZrO2 particles (diameter: about 16 nm), 37.5 parts by weight of a fluorine-containing compound (RS-923, DIC Corp.), and 9.3 parts by weight of an initiator (Irgacure 127, Ciba Company) were diluted in methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) to a solid concentration of 3.2 wt %.

100 parts by weight of pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA), 281 parts by weight of hollow silica nanoparticles (diameter: about 50 to 60 nm, JSC Catalysts and Chemicals), 63 parts by weight of solid-type SiO2 particles (diameter: about 12 nm), 150 parts by weight of a fluorine-containing compound (RS-923, DIC Corp.), and 31 parts by weight of an initiator (Irgacure 127, Ciba Company) were diluted in methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) to a solid concentration of 3 wt %.

Example 3

100 parts by weight of dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (DPHA), 133 parts by weight of hollow silica nanoparticles (diameter: about 50 to 60 nm, JSC Catalysts and Chemicals), 433 parts by weight of solid-type TiO2 particles (diameter: about 18 nm), 51.3 parts by weight of a fluorine-containing compound (RS-923, DIC Corp.), and 11.3 parts by weight of an initiator (Irgacure 127, Ciba Company) were diluted in methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) to a solid concentration of 3.1 wt %.

A photocurable coating composition for forming a low refractive layer was prepared by the same method as Example 2, except that the solid-type ZrO2 particles were replaced with 110 nm solid-type ZnO2 particles, and an anti-reflective film was prepared by the same method as Example 2.

Patent 2024
acrylate Epoxy Resins Fluorine Ketones Methyl-gag methyl isobutyl ketone Ocular Refraction pentaerythrityl triacrylate Silicon Dioxide styrofoam trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate
A 3 mL plastic syringe with one of the four types of polymer solutions was placed in a NE-1000 syringe pump (New Era Pump Systems, Inc., USA), which ejected the polymer solutions through a 23-gauge metal needle with an inner diameter of 0.337 mm at a flow rate of 0.4 mL h−1. Non-conductive mesh collectors, such as a fabric mesh or polypropylene (PP) wiper, were treated using a plasma equipment (CUTE, Femto Science, South Korea) with a consistent plasma power of 100 W, an airflow rate of 20 ccm, and a plasma time of 180 s. The plasma-treated non-conductive mesh collector was immersed in an electrolyte solution for electrolyte-assisted electrospinning [46 (link)]. For the direct fabrication of dual-functional SAEN filters, the electrolyte solution was prepared by mixing 15 mL of DI water with 0.5 g of hydroxylamine sulfate, 0.01 g of methyl yellow, 2.5 mL of glycerin, and 32.5 mL of methanol. For the complete immersion of the mask, the solution was prepared using the mixing ratio of the formaldehyde-sensitive solution. An electrolyte solution of 0.3 mol KCl solution was also utilized to investigate the influence of the electrolyte solution on the direct fabrication of a SAEN filter onto the non-conductive mesh collector. The electrolyte-solution-socked mesh collector on a polymethyl methacrylate plate was positioned 20 cm directly under the metal needle. The HV30 power supply (NanoNC Co., Ltd., South Korea) delivered 21 kV between the metal needle and the mesh collector for electrospinning. Electrospun nanofibers were deposited on the electrolyte-solution-socked mesh collector and formed into a SAEN filter. The electrospinning time for each SAEN filter made of PCL/GEL, NY, PVDF, and PS was set to 4, 5, 1, and 2 min, respectively. Except for electrospinning time, other experimental conditions remained constant. The SAEN filters made with different polymer solutions of NY, PCL/GEL, PVDF, and PS solution were named SAEN-NY, SAEN-PCL/GEL, SAEN-PVDF, and SAEN-PS filters, respectively. The SAEN-NY filter was selected for the fabrication of the dual-functional SAEN filter, spontaneously immersed in the electrolyte solution during electrospinning, and dried in a vacuum chamber for 1 h to remove excess electrolyte solution. Finally, a dual-functional SAEN filter was obtained.
Publication 2023
Electric Conductivity Electrolytes Formalin Glycerin Hydroxylamine Metals Methanol Methyl-gag Needles Plasma Polymers Polymethyl Methacrylate Polypropylenes polyvinylidene fluoride Submersion Sulfates, Inorganic Syringes Vacuum
In 5 mL DMSO, we dissolved 1 g of tosyl cellulose, and then added 3.1 g of methyl imidazole (3.8 mmol). After stirring at 100 °C overnight, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and poured into 1 mm mL of ethyl acetate. After separation, the precipitate was washed with ethyl acetate several times (20 mL each), and then dried in vacuum at 70 °C. The yield of cellulose containing imidazolium tosylate was 3.1 g. Elemental composition: C 4.8%, H 4.5%, N 5.5%, S 4.9%.
Publication 2023
Cellulose ethyl acetate imidazole Methyl-gag Sulfoxide, Dimethyl Vacuum
A controlled pore glass support (CPG) derivatized with 2′-O-methyl-A, 2′-O-methyl-G, deoxythymidine, 5′,N-protected 2′-O-methylribo- (A, C, G, or U), 2′-O-TBDMS-ribo (A, C, G, or U) and deoxyribo (dT) phosphoramidites, 2-[2-(4,4’-dimethoxytrityloxy)ethylsulfonyl]ethyl-(2-cyanoethyl)-(N,N-diisopropyl)-phosphoramidite (CPR, Chemical Phosphorylation Reagent) were purchased from Glen Research Inc. (Sterling, VA, USA). Propargylamine, 1,6-diaminohexane, (pyrene-1-yl-methyl)amine hydrochloride, p-anisic (4-methoxybenzoic) acid, N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (HOBt), N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA), α-GalNac-azide, and 1 M TBAF solution in THF were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), N-Boc-1,6-diaminohexane hydrochloride and ethoxytrimethylsilane were obtained from Alfa Aesar (Heysham, UK); cholesterol chloroformate and oleylamine were obtained from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium); 3-amino-1-propanol, triphenylphosphine (PPh3), and 2,2′-dipyridyl disulfide ((PyS)2) were obtained from Fluka (St. Louis, MO, USA). FAM-NHS, FAM-azide, 10 mM Cu(II)-TBTA Stock in 55% DMSO, and ascorbic acid were purchased from Lumiprobe (Moscow, Russia). All solvents (THF, DMSO, CH3CN (various vendors)) were dried by 3 Å molecular sieves or by distillation and stored over CaH2. Small molecule ligands were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) using DC-Alufolien Kieselgel 60 F254 plates (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) at 254 nm ultraviolet light.
Publication 2023
1-hydroxybenzotriazole 2'-Deoxythymidine 3-amino-1-propanol 4-methoxybenzoic acid Anise Ascorbic Acid Azides Cholesterol Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide diisopropyl phosphoramidite Distillation Disulfides Ligands Methyl-gag methylamine hydrochloride oleylamine phosphoramidite Phosphorylation propargylamine Pyrenes Solvents Sulfoxide, Dimethyl Thin Layer Chromatography titanocene bis(trichloroacetate) triphenylphosphine Ultraviolet Rays

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Publication 2023
Acetate Acids Amylase Carbohydrates Faculty Furaldehyde Heartburn Honey Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Inversion, Chromosome invert sugar Iodine Methyl-gag Methylene Blue Oil, Olive Sodium Chloride Starch Sucrose Sugars

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PolyTHF 1000 is a polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG) product manufactured by BASF. It is a colorless, viscous liquid with a high molecular weight. PolyTHF 1000 is primarily used as a raw material in the production of polyurethanes, elastomers, and other specialty chemicals.
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Methyl-β-cyclodextrin is a cyclic oligosaccharide compound commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is a derivative of the natural compound β-cyclodextrin, with methyl groups attached to the hydroxyl groups. Methyl-β-cyclodextrin has the ability to form inclusion complexes with various organic molecules, which can be utilized in various applications involving solubilization, stabilization, and delivery of compounds in research and development settings.
Irgacure 184 is a photoinitiator used in the curing of various types of ultraviolet (UV) and electron beam (EB) curable coatings, inks, and adhesives. It is a clear, viscous liquid that absorbs UV light to initiate the polymerization of monomers and oligomers, leading to the formation of a crosslinked polymer network.
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FAME Mix C4-C24 is a calibration standard consisting of a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) with carbon chain lengths ranging from C4 to C24. This product is commonly used for the identification and quantification of fatty acids in various samples through analytical techniques such as gas chromatography. The FAME mix provides a reference standard for comparing and verifying the presence and concentrations of fatty acids in test samples.
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The GC-2010 Plus is a gas chromatograph manufactured by Shimadzu. It is designed to analyze and separate complex mixtures of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds. The GC-2010 Plus utilizes a capillary column and a thermal conductivity detector to provide accurate and reliable results for a wide range of applications.
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More about "Methyl-gag"

Methyl-gag, a crucial component of the HIV retroviral genome, plays a vital role in viral infection and replication.
This extensively studied target for HIV research has a wide range of published protocols and techniques aimed at understanding its biological functions and potential therapeutic applications.
Researchers can leverage PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform to streamline their Methyl-gag studies by easily identifying the most relevant and optimal protocols from the scientific literature, preprints, and patents.
This powerful tool can enhance the reproducibility and efficiency of Methyl-gag research, ultimately contributing to advancements in our understanding and treatment of HIV.
The study of Methyl-gag involves various related terms and techniques, such as V-601, a synthetic compound, PolyTHF 1000, a polytetrahydrofuran-based polymer, Methyl-β-cyclodextrin, a modified cyclodextrin, Irgacure 184, a photoinitiator, FAME Mix C4-C24, a fatty acid methyl ester standard, TC-70 capillary column, a gas chromatography column, GC-2010 Plus, a gas chromatography system, COROC A-620-A2, a type of rubber, and TINUVIN 292, a UV absorber.
These tools and compounds can be leveraged to enhance the research and analysis of Methyl-gag and its role in HIV infection and replication.
By incorporating these related terms, abbreviations, and key subtopics, researchers can streamline their Methyl-gag studies and optimize their research efforts.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform provides a valuable resource for identifying the most relevant and effective protocols, ultimately contributing to advancements in the understanding and treatment of HIV.