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Methylxanthine

Methylxanthines are a class of organic compounds that include caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine.
These naturally occurring compounds are found in various plants, such as coffee, tea, cocoa, and yerba mate.
Methylxanthines have a wide range of physiological effects, including stimulation of the central nervous system, relaxation of smooth muscle, and diuretic properties.
They are commonly used in the treatment of respiratory conditions, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), as well as for their cognitive-enhancing effects.
Reserarch on the therapeutic potential and mechanisms of action of methylxanthines is an active area of investigation.

Most cited protocols related to «Methylxanthine»

1
Rolipram Modulates Sleep Deprivation-Induced Memory
Cited 26 times
C57BL/6J male mice (2–5 months of age) were housed individually on a 12 hr/12 hr light/dark schedule with lights on at 7 A.M. (ZT0) and handled for 6 days. Mice were sleep-deprived (SD) in their home cages for 5 hours by gentle handling beginning at ZT5 or left undisturbed (non-sleep-deprived mice, NSD). For contextual fear conditioning experiments, animals were placed in a novel chamber for 3 minutes, and received a 2-second, 1.5 mA footshock after 2.5 minutes. Half of the mice were deprived of sleep for 5 hours post-training. Mice received intra-peritoneal injections of rolipram (ROL; 1 mg/kg) or vehicle (2% DMSO in 0.9% saline) immediately and 2.5 hours post-training. Testing of contextual memory was performed 24 hours after training in the trained context and 48 hours after training in a novel chamber.
Electrophysiological recordings were carried out as previously reported28 (link). 1-train LTP was induced by a single 100 Hz, 1-second duration train of stimuli. 4-train LTP consisted of 4 trains applied with a 5-minute inter-train interval; for massed 4-train LTP a 5-second inter-train interval was used. Theta-burst stimulation (TBS) consisted of 40-ms duration, 100 Hz bursts delivered at 5 Hz for 3 seconds (15 bursts of 4 pulses per burst, for a total of 60 pulses). Chemical LTP was induced by treatment of slices for 15 minutes with 5µM forskolin (FSK) in 0.1% ethanol, or a combination of 50µM forskolin and 30µM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX, in water). Rolipram (0.1µM in 0.1% DMSO) was applied for 60 minutes, beginning 30 minutes before tetanization.
cAMP assays on CA1 regions of hippocampal slices 10 minutes after treatment for 15 minutes with forskolin (50µM), forskolin + IBMX (30µM), or vehicle (0.1% EtOH) were performed by radioimmunoassay according to kit instructions. cAMP-specific PDE activity assays29 (link) and Western blots for PDE4A530 (link) were performed as previously described.
Full Methods and any associated references are available in the online version of the paper at www.nature.com/nature.
Vecsey C.G., Baillie G.S., Jaganath D., Havekes R., Daniels A., Wimmer M., Huang T., Brown K.M., Li X.Y., Descalzi G., Kim S.S., Chen T., Shang Y.Z., Zhuo M., Houslay M.D, & Abel T. (2009). Sleep deprivation impairs cAMP signaling in the hippocampus. Nature, 461(7267), 1122-1125.
Publication 2009
1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine Aftercare Animals Biological Assay CA1 Field of Hippocampus Colforsin Ethanol Fear Injections, Intraperitoneal Light Males Memory methylxanthine Mice, House Mice, Inbred C57BL Neoplasm Metastasis Normal Saline Pulses Radioimmunoassay Rolipram Sleep Sulfoxide, Dimethyl Western Blot
2
Comprehensive Resource of Natural Compounds
Cited 20 times
A chemical library of 658-natural compounds was kindly provided by Dr. Sang Jeon Chung of Sungkyunkwan University (Suwon, Korea). Kaempferide (69545), dimethylsulfoxide (D2650), bafilomycin A1 (B1793), rapamycin (553210), tiliroside (79257), chloroquine (C6628), orlistat (O4139), palmitic acid (P5585), oleic acid (O1383), acridine orange (A6014), oil-red-O (O0625), dexamethasone (D8893), insulin (I0516), and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (I5879) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. BODIPY 493/503 (D3922), Hoechst33342 (H3570), lipofectamine LTX (94756), lipofectamine 2000 (52887), Plus reagent (10964), protease and phosphatase inhibitor solution (78441), M-PER kit (89842Y), DMEM, fetal bovine serum (FBS), bovine serum, and antibiotics were purchased from Invitrogen ThermoFisher Scientific. For in vivo experiments, Kaempferide (K0057) was purchased from TCI Chemicals. siRNA targeting TUFM was purchased from Dharmacon. mRFP-GFP-LC3B plasmids were kindly provided by Dr. Jaewhan Song of Yonsei University (Seoul, Korea).
Kim D., Hwang H.Y., Ji E.S., Kim J.Y., Yoo J.S, & Kwon H.J. (2021). Activation of mitochondrial TUFM ameliorates metabolic dysregulation through coordinating autophagy induction. Communications Biology, 4, 1.
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Publication 2021
1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine 4,4-difluoro-1,3,5,7,8-pentamethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene Acridine Orange Antibiotics, Antitubercular bafilomycin A1 Bos taurus Chloroquine Dexamethasone Fetal Bovine Serum Hoechst33342 Insulin kaempferide Lipofectamine lipofectamine 2000 Oleic Acid Orlistat Palmitic Acid Peptide Hydrolases Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases Plasmids RNA, Small Interfering Serum Sirolimus solvent red 27 Sulfoxide, Dimethyl tiliroside
3
Melanoma Cell Culture and Characterization
Cited 20 times
The melanoma cells listed in Table 1 were isolated from primary and metastatic lesions and the normal melanocytes from a giant nevus, all excised to improve patient quality of life. The specimens were collected with participants’ informed consent according to Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) regulations with Human Investigative Committee protocol. The melanoma cells from advanced lesions were grown in OptiMEM (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) supplemented with antibiotics and 5% fetal calf serum (basal medium). WW165 cells were cultured in basal medium supplemented with 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX; Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA), and YULOVY, YUFULO and YUREEL-NV with recombinant fibroblast growth factor 2 (bFGF; Promega, Madison, WI, USA), IBMX and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA; Sigma), ingredients required for optimal proliferation (Böhm et al., 1995 (link); Hoek et al., 2004 (link)). YUSIT1, 501 mel, YUGEN8 and WW165 were long-term cultures and the rest were early, short-term passage (passage 2–15). Keratinocytes were cultured from newborn foreskins in EpiLife medium (Cascade Biologics, Portland, OR, USA) and used during the first passage. BRAF, NRAS and PTEN mutations were identified by Sanger sequencing of gene-specific amplicons (Tables S1).
Halaban R., Zhang W., Bacchiocchi A., Cheng E., Parisi F., Ariyan S., Krauthammer M., McCusker J.P., Kluger Y, & Sznol M. (2010). PLX4032, a selective BRAFV600E kinase inhibitor, activates the ERK pathway and enhances cell migration and proliferation of BRAFWT melanoma cells. Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research, 23(2), 190-200.
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Publication 2010
1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine Antibiotics, Antitubercular Biological Factors BRAF protein, human Cells Fetal Bovine Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Foreskin Genes Giant pigmented hairy nevus Homo sapiens Infant, Newborn Keratinocyte Melanoma methylxanthine Mutation NRAS protein, human Patients Promega PTEN protein, human Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate
4
Reproducibility of Cardiac 82Rb PET Imaging
Cited 19 times
Twenty-two subjects (11 women and 11 men) were included in the reproducibility study and consisted of 19 healthy volunteers and 3 patients with evidence of coronary artery disease (CAD). All subjects were admitted twice to the Nuclear Medicine Division of the Radiology Department at the Brigham and Women's Hospital within a two-week interval and underwent repeated rest/stress studies. At each visit, they were injected with 50 mCi of 82Rb and imaged dynamically for 6 minutes at rest and during dipyridamole stress (IV infusion of 0.142 mg/kg/min for 4 min, max 60 mg). Following an overnight fast and a 24-hour cessation of all caffeine- or methylxanthine-containing substances, subjects were scanned in 2D mode on a whole body PET-CT scanner with BGO detectors (Discovery ST Lightspeed 64, General Electric Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI). First, a scout CT acquisition (120 kVp, 10 mA) was performed to ensure proper patient positioning, then a CT transmission scan was acquired (140 kVp, 20 mA) for subsequent attenuation correction. Beginning at the time of intravenous (i.v.) bolus administration of 50 mCi (1850 MBq) of 82Rb (Bracco Diagnostics, Princeton, NJ) in 14±6 mL of saline, twenty seven dynamic PET frames were acquired over six minutes as follows: fourteen 5-sec acquisitions were first performed, followed by six 10-sec acquisitions, three 20-sec acquisitions, three 30-sec acquisitions and finally, one 90-sec acquisition. The initial fast frames were used to capture the rapid wash-in and wash-out of 82Rb from the left and right ventricular cavities. Immediately after completion of the rest study, a standard i.v. dipyridamole infusion (0.142 mg/kg/min) was performed for 4 minutes. Three minutes after termination of the dipyridamole infusion, a second dose of 50 mCi (1850 MBq) of 82Rb was injected and dynamic PET frames acquired in the same fashion. A second CT transmission scan (140 kVp, 20 mA) was then acquired for attenuation correction of the stress images. The heart rate, systemic blood pressure, and 12-lead ECG were recorded at baseline and throughout the infusion of dipyridamole. The rate pressure product was calculated as heart rate multiplied by systolic blood pressure. Hemodynamic data are summarized in Table 1.
, & Fakhri G.E. (2009). Reproducibility and Accuracy of Quantitative Myocardial Blood Flow Using 82Rb-PET: Comparison with 13N-Ammonia. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 50(7), 1062-1071.
Publication 2009
Caffeine CAT SCANNERS X RAY Coronary Artery Disease Dental Caries Diagnosis Dipyridamole Electricity Electrocardiography, 12-Lead Healthy Volunteers Hemodynamics Human Body Intravenous Infusion methylxanthine Patients Pressure Rate, Heart Reading Frames Saline Solution Systolic Pressure Transmission, Communicable Disease Ventricles, Right Woman X-Ray Computed Tomography
5
Adipogenic and Osteogenic Differentiation of PD-MSCs
Cited 15 times
For in vitro differentiation into adipoblast, PD-MSCs were plated at a density of 2.5 × 104 cells/30 mm dish and cultured in adipogenic induction medium containing 1 μM dexamethasone, 0.5 mM isobutyl methylxanthine (IBMX), 0.2 mM indomethacin, 1.7 μM insulin (Sigma-Aldrich), 10% FBS (GIBCO-BRL), and 1% penicillin/streptomycin (GIBCO-BRL) with medium changes three times a week. After 21 days, PD-MSCs were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) and were analyzed by Oil-Red O (Sigma-Aldrich) staining to induce osteogenic differentiation, and PD-MSCs were plated at a density of 2.5 × 104 cells/30 mm dish and cultured in osteogenic induction medium containing 1 μM dexamethasone, 10 mM glycerol-2-phosphate (Sigma-Aldrich), 50 μM L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (Sigma-Aldrich) 10% FBS, and 1% penicillin/ streptomycin with medium changes three times a week. After 21 days, calcium deposits in PD-MSCs were evaluated by von Kossa staining using 5% silver nitrate (Sigma-Aldrich) under light for 1 h. The differentiated cells for osteogenic and adiogenic were marked by arrowheads.
Seok J., Jung H.S., Park S., Lee J.O., Kim C.J, & Kim G.J. (2020). Alteration of fatty acid oxidation by increased CPT1A on replicative senescence of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Research & Therapy, 11, 1.
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Publication 2020
Adipogenesis ascorbate-2-phosphate beta-glycerol phosphate Calcium Dexamethasone Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Indomethacin Insulin Light methylxanthine Osteogenesis paraform Penicillins Silver Nitrate solvent red 27 Streptomycin

Most recents protocols related to «Methylxanthine»

1
Analyzing Methylxanthines in Cacao
Three methylxanthine components present in T. cacao were analyzed: theobromine, theophylline and caffeine. Either one rayon swab or 0.5 g of powder was used for analyses of the archaeological items.
Lanaud C., Vignes H., Utge J., Valette G., Rhoné B., Garcia Caputi M., Angarita Nieto N.S., Fouet O., Gaikwad N., Zarrillo S., Powis T.G., Cyphers A., Valdez F., Olivera Nunez S.Q., Speller C., Blake M., Valdez F.J., Raymond S., Rowe S.M., Duke G.S., Romano F.E., Loor Solórzano R.G, & Argout X. (2024). A revisited history of cacao domestication in pre-Columbian times revealed by archaeogenomic approaches. Scientific Reports, 14, 2972.
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Publication 2024
2
Establishing Methylxanthine Contamination Thresholds
Ideally, the threshold for a positive presence of methylxanthines depends on the Limit of Detection (LOD), where we can observe a signal for the analyte of interest, but too small to be measured accurately, and on the Limit of Quantitation (LOQ) of the analyte when no signal is observed. This is determined by the “signal” to “noise” ratio. However, possible airborne contamination during storage of archaeological items in the museum reserves was already reported28 (link),29 (link) and could increase the values. To prevent false positive results, we established methylxanthine values distribution (Supplementary Fig. 2) to estimate the possible environmental background linked to these possible levels of contamination and establish a threshold for the detection of positive samples. After plotting the distribution of methylxanthine amounts (theobromine, theophylline and caffeine values) observed in all samples (Supplementary Fig. 2), we observed a clear break in these distributions around 200 pg/sample for each series of methylxanthine values. The high number of values < 200 pg/sample may correspond to the ambient contamination already described29 (link). Thus, to be conservative we chose a threshold of 700 pg/sample and considered a sample as positive where the methylxanthine amount was > 700 pg. All values < 700 pg were considered and reported as “0” in Supplementary Table 2.
We also ran positive and negative controls (Supplementary Fig. 1). In these analyses all negative controls were < 250 pg/sample.
Lanaud C., Vignes H., Utge J., Valette G., Rhoné B., Garcia Caputi M., Angarita Nieto N.S., Fouet O., Gaikwad N., Zarrillo S., Powis T.G., Cyphers A., Valdez F., Olivera Nunez S.Q., Speller C., Blake M., Valdez F.J., Raymond S., Rowe S.M., Duke G.S., Romano F.E., Loor Solórzano R.G, & Argout X. (2024). A revisited history of cacao domestication in pre-Columbian times revealed by archaeogenomic approaches. Scientific Reports, 14, 2972.
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Publication 2024
3
Classifying Tea Origins by Antioxidants

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Publication 2024
4
Quantification of Methylxanthines in Tea

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Publication 2024
5
Analytical standards for metabolomics

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Publication 2024

Top products related to «Methylxanthine»

1
Dexamethasone (dex) by Merck Group
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Dexamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid medication used in a variety of medical applications. It is primarily used as an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant agent.
2
Insulin by Merck Group
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Insulin is a lab equipment product designed to measure and analyze insulin levels. It provides accurate and reliable results for research and diagnostic purposes.
3
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3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine is a chemical compound primarily used as a research tool in laboratories. It functions as a nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor, which can affect various cellular processes. The core function of this product is to serve as a laboratory reagent for scientific research purposes.
4
Indomethacin by Merck Group
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3 isobutyl 1 methylxanthine ibmx by Merck Group
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3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) is a chemical compound that functions as a non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor. It is commonly used as a research tool in various scientific studies.
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Penicillin/streptomycin is a commonly used antibiotic solution for cell culture applications. It contains a combination of penicillin and streptomycin, which are broad-spectrum antibiotics that inhibit the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium) is a cell culture medium formulated to support the growth and maintenance of a variety of cell types, including mammalian cells. It provides essential nutrients, amino acids, vitamins, and other components necessary for cell proliferation and survival in an in vitro environment.
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More about "Methylxanthine"

Methylxanthines are a class of organic compounds that include caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine.
These naturally occurring stimulants are found in various plants such as coffee, tea, cocoa, and yerba mate.
Methylxanthines have a wide range of physiological effects, including central nervous system stimulation, smooth muscle relaxation, and diuretic properties.
They are commonly used in the treatment of respiratory conditions like asthma and COPD, as well as for their cognitive-enhancing effects.
Researchers are actively investigating the therapeutic potential and mechanisms of action of methylxanthines.
Dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid, and insulin, a hormone involved in glucose metabolism, are sometimes used in combination with methylxanthines to study their effects on cellular processes. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), a xanthine derivative, is commonly used as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor to elevate intracellular cAMP levels.
Indomethacin, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, can also be used alongside methylxanthines in research.
In cell culture experiments, fetal bovine serum (FBS) is often used as a supplement to provide essential nutrients, while penicillin and streptomycin are added to prevent bacterial contamination.
Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) is a widely used cell culture medium, and rosiglitazone, a PPAR-gamma agonist, may be studied in conjunction with methylxanthines for their effects on adipogenesis and other metabolic processes.
Optimizing your methylxanthine research with the help of AI-powered platforms like PubCompare.ai can improve reproducibility and accuracy by identifying the best protocols and products from the literature, preprints, and patents.
Experience the power of AI-assisted research optimization and take your methylxanthine studies to the next level.