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Mirtazapine

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Most cited protocols related to «Mirtazapine»

1
Systematic Review of Antidepressant Treatments
Cited 24 times
We did a systematic review and network meta-analysis. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, Embase, LILACS database, MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process, PsycINFO, AMED, the UK National Research Register, and PSYNDEX from the date of their inception to Jan 8, 2016, with no language restrictions. We used the search terms “depress*” OR “dysthymi*” OR “adjustment disorder*” OR “mood disorder*” OR “affective disorder” OR “affective symptoms” combined with a list of all included antidepressants.
We included double-blind, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing antidepressants with placebo or another active antidepressant as oral monotherapy for the acute treatment of adults (≥18 years old and of both sexes) with a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder according to standard operationalised diagnostic criteria (Feighner criteria, Research Diagnostic Criteria, DSM-III, DSM-III-R, DSM-IV, DSM-5, and ICD-10). We considered only double-blind trials because we included placebo in the network meta-analysis, and because this study design increases methodological rigour by minimising performance and ascertainment biases.7 (link) Additionally, we included all second-generation antidepressants approved by the regulatory agencies in the USA, Europe, or Japan: agomelatine, bupropion, citalopram, desvenlafaxine, duloxetine, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, levomilnacipran, milnacipran, mirtazapine, paroxetine, reboxetine, sertraline, venlafaxine, vilazodone, and vortioxetine. To inform clinical practice globally, we selected the two tricyclics (amitriptyline and clomipramine) included in the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines). We also included trazodone and nefazodone, because of their distinct effect and tolerability profiles. Additionally, we included trials that allowed rescue medications so long as they were equally provided among the randomised groups. We included data only for drugs within the therapeutic range (appendix pp 133, 134). Finally, we excluded quasi-randomised trials and trials that were incomplete or included 20% or more of participants with bipolar disorder, psychotic depression, or treatment-resistant depression; or patients with a serious concomitant medical illness.
The electronic database searches were supplemented with manual searches for published, unpublished, and ongoing RCTs in international trial registers, websites of drug approval agencies, and key scientific journals in the field.8 For example, we searched ClinicalTrials.gov using the search term “major depressive disorder” combined with a list of all included antidepressants. We contacted all the pharmaceutical companies marketing antidepressants and asked for supplemental unpublished information about both premarketing and post-marketing studies, with a specific focus on second-generation antidepressants. We also contacted study authors and drug manufacturers to supplement incomplete reports of the original papers or provide data for unpublished studies.
Six pairs of investigators (ACi, TAF, LZA, SL, HGR, YO, NT, YH, EHT, HI, KS, and AT) independently selected the studies, reviewed the main reports and supplementary materials, extracted the relevant information from the included trials, and assessed the risk of bias. Any discrepancies were resolved by consensus and arbitration by a panel of investigators within the review team (ACi, TAF, LZA, EHT, and JRG).
The full protocol of this network meta-analysis has been published.8
Cipriani A., Furukawa T.A., Salanti G., Chaimani A., Atkinson L.Z., Ogawa Y., Leucht S., Ruhe H.G., Turner E.H., Higgins J.P., Egger M., Takeshima N., Hayasaka Y., Imai H., Shinohara K., Tajika A., Ioannidis J.P, & Geddes J.R. (2018). Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 21 antidepressant drugs for the acute treatment of adults with major depressive disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet (London, England), 391(10128), 1357-1366.
Publication 2018
Adjustment Disorders Adult Affective Symptoms agomelatine Amitriptyline Antidepressive Agents Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation Bipolar Disorder Bupropion Citalopram Clomipramine Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant Desvenlafaxine Diagnosis Dietary Supplements Drugs, Essential Duloxetine Escitalopram Fluoxetine Fluvoxamine Gender Levomilnacipran Major Depressive Disorder Mental Disorders Milnacipran Mirtazapine Mood Disorders Muscle Rigidity nefazodone Paroxetine Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Placebos Reboxetine Sertraline Syringa Therapeutics Trazodone Tricyclic Antidepressive Agents Venlafaxine Vilazodone Vortioxetine
2
FDA's Antidepressant Suicidality Data Compilation
Cited 6 times
The FDA asked eight industry sponsors of 12 marketed antidepressant products (bupropion, citalopram, duloxetine, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluoxetine/olanzapine (ultimately excluded from the analysis), fluvoxamine, mirtazapine, nefazodone, paroxetine, sertraline, and venlafaxine) for datasets from all double blind randomised placebo controlled trials of antidepressant in adults for any indication.
The variables included in these datasets provided detailed information about individual participants. Sponsors’ dataset submissions were received by the FDA between September 2005 and September 2006 as electronic files (in SAS transport file format).
Data were requested from completed, double blind randomised placebo controlled trials with at least 20 participants in each treatment arm. Trials limited to known drug responders, such as those using randomised withdrawal designs, were not included; such studies do not examine the effects of initiating treatment and would eliminate as non-responders those who had shown suicidality during drug treatment.
We asked sponsors to provide a list of all known trials, indicating which trials the sponsor planned to include and which they intended to exclude from the dataset and why. We then provided feedback to the sponsors on which trials should be included in the final dataset. Sponsors summarised the characteristics of the trials included in the datasets in the form of two tables: one providing the dose, duration, and number of participants per trial, and the other providing the trial exclusion criteria.
Other than dataset formats, instructions for identifying and classifying events possibly related to suicidality (suicidal thoughts and actions) and the event classification process, we did not specify who or how companies should retrieve or compile the information we requested. Each company has its own system for archiving and maintaining its records of clinical studies. They are in the best position to judge the optimal approach to completing these tasks. Each company designated a person to serve as the main contact with the FDA.
Adverse events in these trials were solicited by general inquiry and recorded in case report forms. Following the approach used in the paediatric study,4 (link) sponsors were asked to search their electronic databases for adverse events reported during the double blind phase of treatment for terms related to suicidality. Because it was difficult to determine whether events represented a change in condition or resulted from a pre-existing condition, all events reported during the double blind phase were included. Events that occurred more than a day after the randomised treatment stopped were excluded.
The data request letter asked sponsors to search clinical trial databases for preferred terms, verbatim terms, and any comment fields for the following text strings: “accident-”, “attempt”, “burn”, “cut”, “drown”, “gas”, “gun”, “hang”, “hung”, “immolat”, “injur-”, “jump”, “monoxide”, “mutilat-”, “overdos-”, “self damag-”, “self harm”, “self inflict”, “self injur-”, “shoot”, “slash”, “suic-”, “poison”, “asphyxiation”, “suffocation”, “firearm”. All events identified by this search were considered as possibly related to suicidality, unless they were identified as “false positive” results: events that included any of these text strings but were not related to suicidality. For example, “epigastric pain” would be identified in the search for the text string “gas.” Sponsors submitted listings of the events they classified as “false positives,” which were reviewed by FDA staff.
The datasets included 406 clinical trials with 103 491 participants. Six trials were duplicated in the submissions. We excluded 28 other trials: 23 because at least one trial arm contained fewer than 20 participants, three because data at the patient level were not available, and two because the study drug was a combined antidepressant/antipsychotic. We also excluded participants assigned to a non-antidepressant active control drug (608), leaving a total of 372 trials with 99 231 participants (fig 1). Most of the studies were unpublished; those that had been published in some form seldom contained information concerning suicidality in the publication. None of the studies was included in the previous study of paediatric trials.
Stone M., Laughren T., Jones M.L., Levenson M., Holland P.C., Hughes A., Hammad T.A., Temple R, & Rochester G. (2009). Risk of suicidality in clinical trials of antidepressants in adults: analysis of proprietary data submitted to US Food and Drug Administration. The BMJ, 339, b2880.
Publication 2009
Accidents Adult Antidepressive Agents Antipsychotic Agents Asphyxia Bupropion Citalopram Drowning Duloxetine Escitalopram Fluoxetine Fluvoxamine Mirtazapine nefazodone olanzapine-fluoxetine combination Pain Paroxetine Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Placebos Poisons Sertraline Venlafaxine
3
Depression Diagnosis Criteria in FP Clinics
Cited 5 times
Five trained individuals extracted data from randomly selected patient charts at FP clinics. Eligible patient charts included patients ≥35 years of age, who were alive during the study years, living in the provinces of AB or BC during the 2-year period before the study years (2001 and 2004), and who had at least 2 visits to a FP physician during the study years [10 (link)]. Training of the chart reviewers consisted of reviewing ten charts together, and coming to consensus on whether the patient had depression or not based on the definition below. Reviewers extracted other patient information, including demographics, medications, and comorbidities. Comorbid conditions were defined by Quan et al. (2005), and included stroke, dementia, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, congestive heart failure, chronic pulmonary disease, asthma, cancer, chronic kidney disease, hypertension, and dialysis [16 ].
Patients were defined as having depression if the charts stated either that (1) the patient had a Major Depressive Episode (MDE), OR (2) the patient was on antidepressants along with having clinic notes indicating a depressed mood. The antidepressants that were included were as follows: (1) Tricyclic Antidepressants, including amitriptyline, clomipramine, desipramine, doxepin, imipramine, nortriptyline, protriptyline, trimipramine, (2) Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors, including isocarboxazid, phenelzine, and tranylcypromine; (3) Heterocyclics, including amoxapine, buproprion, maprotiline, and trazodone; (4) Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, including fluoxetine, paroxetine, and sertraline; (5) Serotonin and Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors, including duloxetine, and venlafaxine; and (6) Noradrenergic and Specific Serotonergic Antidepressants, including mirtazapine. Patient were coded as not having depression if any of the following were stated on the chart: (1) clinic notes indicated that the patient had only a depressed mood (rather than a diagnosis of MDE) but was not taking any of the previously listed medications; (2) patients with only a depressed mood (rather than a diagnosis of MDE) were taking a medication from this list, but it was clearly prescribed for a reason other than depression (e.g. for chronic pain, fibromyalgia, or neuropathic pain); (3) the patient was diagnosed with manic depression; or (4) the patient was diagnosed with bipolar disorder (i.e., manic depression).
Doktorchik C., Patten S., Eastwood C., Peng M., Chen G., Beck C.A., Jetté N., Williamson T, & Quan H. (2019). Validation of a case definition for depression in administrative data against primary chart data as a reference standard. BMC Psychiatry, 19, 9.
Publication 2019
Amitriptyline Amoxapine Antidepressive Agents Asthma Bipolar Disorder Cerebrovascular Accident Chronic Kidney Diseases Chronic Pain Clomipramine Congestive Heart Failure Coronary Artery Disease Dementia Desipramine Diabetes Mellitus Dialysis Disease, Chronic Doxepin Duloxetine Dyslipidemias Fibromyalgia Fluoxetine High Blood Pressures Imipramine inhibitors Isocarboxazid Lung Lung Diseases Malignant Neoplasms Maprotiline Mirtazapine Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors Mood Neuralgia Norepinephrine Nortriptyline Paroxetine Patients Peripheral Vascular Diseases Pharmaceutical Preparations Phenelzine Physicians Protriptyline Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Serotonin Sertraline Tranylcypromine Trazodone Tricyclic Antidepressive Agents Trimipramine Venlafaxine
4
Implementation of Universal Perinatal Depression Screening
Cited 5 times
The setting for this study is Kaiser Permanente Northern California, a large group practice within an integrated health care delivery system that provides comprehensive medical services to over 3.6 million members and has approximately 37,000 pregnancies and deliveries in a 14-county region. Kaiser Permanente Northern California employs more than 500 obstetric physicians and nurse practitioners and over 100 Certified Nurse-Midwives. All 15 regional medical centers (with 48 associated office facilities) have Obstetrics and Gynecology, Adult Family Medicine, Pediatric, and Behavioral Medicine/Psychiatry Departments. Coverage is provided for approximately 30% of the northern California population and is similar demographically, racially and ethnically to the population living in the geographic area. Information on diagnoses, procedures, hospitalizations, outpatient visits, laboratory tests, and prescribed medications are maintained within administrative and comprehensive electronic health records (EHR).
From 2009 to 2012, Kaiser Permanente Northern California progressively implemented a universal perinatal depression screening program, with women being screened three times using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9): twice during pregnancy (first prenatal visit and 26-28 weeks/the glucola visit) and 3-8 weeks postpartum. Details about the development and implementation of the screening program are described in detail elsewhere13 . Briefly, prior to 2009 women were not screened routinely, generally only if they were symptomatic, but depression diagnoses during pregnancy and postpartum were recorded in the EHR.
In 2009 three medical centers began piloting universal perinatal depression screening with screening during at least of one of three pregnancy and postpartum periods (early pregnancy, late pregnancy andpostpartum). From 2009-2012, referred to as the “roll-out phase”, several guidelines for the program were developed and implemented. Medical assistants asked patients to complete the PHQ-9 form at rooming at the designated visits and the clinician reviewed the form during the visit. If a woman's PHQ-9 score was 10 or higher, the guideline recommendations included symptom assessment and review of related current and past medical history. Using their clinical judgement, if indicated, the clinician documented a depression diagnosis in the EHR for screen positive women. Perinatal Depression Champions and Chiefs were responsible for educating clinicians and staff at the sites. Medical centers developed varying collaborations with Behavioral Health to facilitate referrals for treatment for screen positive women. Over this time the guidelines evolved to include reassessments of women identified with depression with a subsequent PHQ-9 evaluation during a follow-up encounter (office visit, online encounter or telephone visit) within 120 days. By 2010, all medical centers region-wide conducted screening during at least one of the pregnancy and postpartum periods.
By 2012, all obstetric offices in the region had implemented the universal perinatal depression screening program, which included screening at all three time periods, referring for treatment or providing treatment, and conducting follow-up assessments. This is referred to as the Fully-Implemented Phase.
The PHQ-9 has been validated in many studies as an instrument for screening for depression with high sensitivity (> 88%) and specificity (> 88%) in obstetric patients14 (link)-18 (link), as well as a tool to establish depression severity and outcome19 (link). The nine question screener scores range from 0-27. A score of 1-4 suggests minimal depression, 5-9 mild depression, 10-14 moderate depression, 15-19 moderately severe depression and 20-27 suggests severe depression. The PHQ-9 was chosen as the single screening instrument, to enable its use across the obstetric, adult family medicine, and behavioral health departments, knowing that this choice balanced out many factors including scientific validity and feasibility for a large scale population-based screening program.
A population-based retrospective cohort study of pregnant women aged 18 years and older was conducted and included women who had at least one obstetric visit during each of the following three periods of pregnancy and postpartum: the first 20 weeks of pregnancy (early pregnancy), 20 weeks of pregnancy through delivery (late pregnancy), and three months postpartum (postpartum). Inclusion criteria also required the first prenatal visit to occur during one of the three distinct phases in relation to the implementation of the Universal Perinatal Depression Screening Program: 1) Pre-Implementation-first prenatal visit date after April 1, 2007 and birth date prior to January 1, 2009; 2) Roll-out- first prenatal visit date after April 1, 2009 and birth date prior to January 1, 2012; 3) Fully Implemented- first prenatal visit date after April 1, 2012 and birth date prior to October 1, 2014. The timeframes for each phase were established to minimize the possibility of a woman's prenatal and postpartum visits crossing two phases and confounding the ability to attribute results to one phase. If a woman had more than one pregnancy during the study period, only the first pregnancy was included to avoid non-independent observations. The final study population included 97,678 pregnant women. This study was approved by the Kaiser Permanente Northern California Institutional Review Board.
Women were considered to have a new depression diagnosis if they had at least one depression ICD-9 diagnosis codes (296.20-296.25, 296.30 - 296.35, 298.0, 300.4, 309.0, 309.1, 648.4, or 311) during pregnancy or up to three months after delivery and no depression diagnosis or antidepressant drug dispensing in the year prior to their last menstrual period. Treatment for a new depression diagnosis was defined as having at least one antidepressant medication dispensed or at least one individual counseling visit or attendance at a group class that occurred on the same date or after the new depression diagnosis through 6 months postpartum. Antidepressant medications were predominantly SSRIs (citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, and sertraline) but also included tricyclic acids (amitriptyline, clomipramine, desipramine, nortriptyline, doxepin, imipramine, protriptyline, and trimipramine), SNRIs (desvenlafaxine, duloxetine, milnacipran, and venlafaxine), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (phenelzine and tranylcypromine), and others (trazodone, bupropion, atomoxetine, mirtazapine, nefazodone, and vilazodone).
Data on maternal demographic and socioeconomic characteristics including age at delivery, marital status, race/ethnicity, and Medicaid status during pregnancy, as well as previous mental health diagnoses any time prior to their last menstrual period were ascertained.
Data are reported as frequencies and percentages. Tests of trend were conducted to compare overall PHQ-9 screening rates, and rates of depression diagnoses across each of the three phases of the universal perinatal depression screening program (Pre-Implementation, Roll-Out and Fully-Implemented) while chi-square tests were used to compare PHQ-9 scores (<10, 10-14, 15+) and screening rates for each pregnancy and postpartum period (i.e., early pregnancy, late pregnancy, and postpartum). Treatment rates and type of treatment received were also compared across the three phases of the program, for all women with a depression diagnosis and separately for women with a PHQ-9 score of 15 or greater indicating moderately severe to severe depression. Additional analyses were conducted to address limitations in comparing the percentage of women receiving treatment across the phases including: 1) the increasing number of women in each phase, 2) under ascertainment of depression diagnoses prior to the screening program and thus a smaller number of women identified as needing treatment, 3) the potential that women diagnosed with depression prior to the screening program were more severe. Under the assumption that the screening program more accurately identified the true percentage of women with depression in the population, the percentage of women with depression in the Fully-Implemented phase was used to calculate the expected number women with depression in the other two phases. An expected percentage of treatment was then calculated using the observed number of women in treatment as the numerator and the expected number of women with a depression diagnosis in the denominator (Pre-Implementation and Roll-out Phases). This was conducted for both new depression diagnosis and new depression diagnosis and PHQ-9 score of 15 or greater. A Cochran-Armitage test for trend was conducted.
Improvement in depressive symptoms was assessed within each phase of the program through three metrics: 1) the percentage of women whose PHQ-9 score improved by 50% or more; 2) the percentage of women with a final PHQ-9 score less than 10; and 3) the percentage of women with a 5-point or greater drop in PHQ-9 score from the highest PHQ-9 to the final PHQ-9 score up to 180 days postpartum, which was considered to indicate clinical improvement19 (link),20 (link). Improvement in depressive symptoms was evaluated overall and separately for women with high severity (PHQ-9 score of 15 or greater).
Additional Chi-square analyses were conducted using the Fully-Implemented Phase to address potential bias. First we compared women in our sample to women excluded due to not having a prenatal or postpartum visit during all three time periods. Among women with a depression diagnosis or PHQ-9 scores of 15 or greater, we also compared those with a follow-up PHQ-9 to those without. Analyses were performed using SAS 9.3 (Cary, NC, USA; 2012).
Avalos L.A., Raine-Bennett T., Chen H., Adams A.S, & Flanagan T. (2016). Improved Perinatal Depression Screening, Treatment, and Outcomes With a Universal Obstetric Program. Obstetrics and gynecology, 127(5), 917-925.
Publication 2016
Acids Adult Amitriptyline Antidepressive Agents Atomoxetine Bupropion Childbirth Citalopram Clinical Reasoning Clomipramine Depressive Symptoms Desipramine Desvenlafaxine Diagnosis Doxepin Duloxetine Escitalopram Ethics Committees, Research Ethnicity Fluoxetine Fluvoxamine Glucola Hospitalization Hypersensitivity Imipramine Menstruation Mental Health Milnacipran Mirtazapine Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors Mothers nefazodone Nortriptyline Nurse Midwife Obstetric Delivery Office Visits Outpatients Paroxetine Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Phenelzine Physicians Population Programs Practitioner, Nurse Pregnancy Pregnant Women Protriptyline Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Sertraline SNRIs Symptom Assessment Tranylcypromine Trazodone Trimipramine Venlafaxine Vilazodone Woman
5
Maternal Antidepressants and Offspring Neurodevelopment
Cited 5 times
Each sociodemographic or clinical feature was first examined for association with ASD or ADHD in a logistic regression model to yield unadjusted odds ratios. Next, a logistic regression model was fit which included gender, race, birth year, insurance type, maternal age, and median income tertile, yielding an adjusted odds ratio. Finally, a third model was fit including presence or absence of maternal major depressive disorder (ICD9 codes of 296.2x or 296.3x), to address the possibility of confounding by indication. In addition to examining baseline sociodemographic features, we examined effects of obstetric and neonatal complications by incorporating them in regression models; complications were defined according to ICD-9 diagnostic codes and birth certificate data. These included induction of labor, cesarean section, and Apgar scores less than 7. However, we did not include complications in models examining antidepressant exposure and disease outcome, because of the possibility that such complications might lie in the causal path (if any) between exposure and disease.
Three sets of follow-up analyses expanded these regression models to examine possible indicators of confounding by maternal psychopathology - i.e., confounding by indication. First, we examined whether risk was more strongly associated with more serotonergic antidepressants, as the biological hypothesis would posit (and in contrast to the notable observation in a prior study was association with non-SSRI antidepressants)5 (link). Conversely, if risk was associated with agents with lower affinity for the serotonin transporter, often utilized in more severe or treatment-resistant psychiatric illness, it might provide further evidence of confounding by indication. Second, to better understand the role of maternal illness severity, we examined measures of maternal treatment intensity including number of psychopharmacologic visits, number of psychotherapy visits, different antidepressant medications in the prior year, and specific psychiatric disorder or comorbidity, including substance use disorder. Third, we examined risk associated with the non-antidepressant serotonergic agent ondansetron, commonly prescribed for hyperemesis during pregnancy, as well as exposure to antipsychotic medication, which would also be reflective of more severe psychiatric illness – i.e., a positive control for the effects of illness. (Covarying for antipsychotic exposure in primary analyses of antidepressant effects did not meaningfully change results).
For the first follow-up analysis, we examined the association between disease risk and antidepressant serotonin transporter affinity, using definitions consistent with our prior work17 based upon published affinity constants18 (link). These categories distinguish between high affinity (paroxetine, duloxetine, sertraline, escitalopram, fluoxetine); moderate affinity (citalopram, fluvoxamine, venlafaxine); and low affinity (nefazodone, bupropion, mirtazapine). Notably, this latter category includes antidepressants which are generally second- or third-line treatment for depressive episodes, and thus likely to be indicators for more treatment-resistant illness.
All analyses utilized R 3.0.1 (The R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria).
Clements C.C., Castro V.M., Blumenthal S.R., Rosenfield H.R., Murphy S.N., Fava M., Erb J.L., Churchill S.E., Kaimal A.J., Doyle A.E., Robinson E.B., Smoller J.W., Kohane I.S, & Perlis R.H. (2014). Prenatal antidepressant exposure is associated with risk for attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder but not autism spectrum disorder in a large health system. Molecular psychiatry, 20(6), 727-734.
Publication 2014
Antidepressive Agents Antipsychotic Agents Apgar Score Biopharmaceuticals Bupropion Cesarean Section Childbirth Citalopram Diagnosis Disorder, Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Duloxetine Escitalopram Fluoxetine Fluvoxamine Gender Hyperemesis Gravidarum Infant, Newborn Labor, Induced Major Depressive Disorder Mental Disorders Mirtazapine Mothers nefazodone Ondansetron Paroxetine Pregnancy Psychotherapy Serotonin Transporter Sertraline Substance Use Disorders Venlafaxine

Most recents protocols related to «Mirtazapine»

1
Cocaine Dependence Functional Connectivity
All study procedures were approved by the Institutional Review Board of Virginia Commonwealth University. CD and HC were recruited from Richmond, Virginia, via flyers, advertisements, and in-person recruitment at outpatient addiction treatment clinics (CD only). CD were excluded if they tested positive for any illicit drug other than cocaine or cannabis, but no restrictions regarding cocaine or cannabis use were imposed during recruitment. Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects. Subjects underwent screenings for medical, psychiatric, and substance use histories, and a physical examination. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV [(35 ); SCID-IV] was used to diagnose DSM-IV Cocaine Dependence (36 ). Inclusion criteria were DSM-IV diagnosed Cocaine Dependence (for CD) and age between 18 and 70 years. Exclusion criteria were history of schizophrenia, seizure disorder, major head trauma, any changes to psychoactive medications within the previous 30 days, or any other DSM-IV substance use disorder diagnosis. Additional HC exclusion criteria were any history of substance use disorder. Subject data was pooled from three separate studies – two studies in which delay discounting and MRI measures were obtained during a baseline period and one study in which the delay discounting and MRI measures were obtained two hours after administration of a placebo dose in a mirtazapine medication study (i.e., subjects had received either no mirtazapine dose or a single low mirtazapine dose 7 days prior to the measurement of delay discounting and MRI data used for this study). Participants were asked to refrain from tobacco use one hour before and caffeine consumption 3 hours before their MRI scan. Urine drug screens (UDS) and alcohol breath screens were obtained before their MRI scan on the day of the scan. 28 CD and 28 HC met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Given that these two groups differed statistically in mean age and also in mean years of education attained, we performed a planned analysis after matching the two groups more closely for age and years of education. This more closely matched group analysis included 22 CD and 22 HC. We included an equal number of subjects in each group per the recommendations of the authors of the FSL software which we used for our functional connectivity analysis [(37 ), p. 67].
Woisard K., Steinberg J.L., Ma L., Zuniga E., Lennon M, & Moeller F.G. (2023). Executive control network resting state fMRI functional and effective connectivity and delay discounting in cocaine dependent subjects compared to healthy controls. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14, 1117817.
Publication 2023
Addictive Behavior Caffeine Cannabis Cocaine Cocaine Dependence Craniocerebral Trauma Diagnosis Epilepsy Ethanol Ethics Committees, Research Illicit Drugs Mirtazapine MRI Scans Physical Examination Placebos Psychotropic Drugs Radionuclide Imaging Schizophrenia SCID Mice Substance Abuse Detection Substance Use Substance Use Disorders Urine
2
Mirtazapine vs. Vortioxetine for Treatment-Resistant Depression
Inclusion criteria for GP practices were: (a) up to one GP/practice participating at any time; located within one of the study’s South East London areas; and (b) using EMIS electronic health record software. Inclusion criteria for patients in addition to being registered at one of the participating practices were: (a) age ≥18, (b) at least moderately severe major depressive syndrome on Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9; a score of ≥15),8 (link) (c) no plans to change GP practice, (d) able to complete self-report scales orally or in writing, (e) no previous prescription of mirtazapine or vortioxetine, (f) evidence of early treatment resistance as defined by (i) current or recent prescription (in the last 2 months) of any of the following antidepressants listed: citalopram, fluoxetine, sertraline, escitalopram, paroxetine, venlafaxine or duloxetine, and (ii) previous prescription of at least one other antidepressant out of the same list of antidepressants.
Exclusion criteria for patients were: (a) inability to consent to the study, (b) unstable medical condition (assessed based on in-depth screening visit), (c) currently being treated by mental health specialist, (d) high suicide risk (assessed with Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview suicidality screen),9 (e) past diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizo-affective disorder, (f) current psychotic symptoms (three clinical screening questions validated in our previous work to exclude schizophreniform disorders),10 11 (link) (g) bipolar disorder on WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview12 (link) at prescreening or using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-513 at screening including Bipolar Otherwise Specified categories, (h) currently at risk of being violent (assessed on in-depth screening visit), (i) drug (modified PHQ) or alcohol abuse (PHQ)8 (link) over the last 6 months, (j) suspected central neurological condition (eg, dementia, stroke, assessed on in-depth screening visit), (k) (planned) pregnancy or insufficient contraception in women of childbearing age (assessed on in-depth screening visit and prescreening), (l) breast feeding or within 6 months of giving birth, (m) has already been prescribed both escitalopram and sertraline.
Harrison P., Carr E., Goldsmith K., Young A., Ashworth M., Fennema D., Duan S., Barrett B.M, & Zahn R. (2023). Antidepressant Advisor (ADeSS): a decision support system for antidepressant treatment for depression in UK primary care – a feasibility study. BMJ Open, 13(3), e060516.
Publication 2023
Abuse, Alcohol Antidepressive Agents Bipolar Disorder Cerebrovascular Accident Childbirth Citalopram Contraceptive Methods Dementia Diagnosis Duloxetine Escitalopram Fluoxetine Mental Disorders Mental Health Mirtazapine Nervous System Disorder Paroxetine Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Pregnancy Schizoaffective Disorder Schizophrenia Schizophreniform Disorders Sertraline Syndrome Venlafaxine Vortioxetine Woman
3
Medication Patterns in Mental Health
Patients with drug treatments were allocated into four categories as follows: with antidepressants, with antipsychotics, switching medication, and combined medication. In Group A (6-month follow-up group), 63 patients were treated with medications, with 42 of these patients with antidepressants, 5 patients with antipsychotics, 5 patients with switching medication, and 11 patients with combined medication. In Group B (12-month follow-up group), 25 patients were treated with medications, with 17 of these patients with antidepressants, 2 patients with antipsychotics, 4 patients with switching medication, and 2 patients with combined medication. The choice of antidepressants included four SSRI, i.e., fluoxetine, paroxetine, escitalopram, and sertraline, and one noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant (NaSSA), i.e., mirtazapine. There was a single choice of antipsychotic medication: sulpiride.
Chiu H.P., Huang M.W., Tsai S.Y, & Hsu C.Y. (2023). A retrospective study of pharmacological treatment in anorexia nervosa: 6-month and 12-month follow-up. BMC Psychiatry, 23, 126.
Publication 2023
Antidepressive Agents Antipsychotic Agents Escitalopram Fluoxetine Mirtazapine Paroxetine Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Sertraline Sulpiride
4
Retrospective Analysis of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
Cited 1 time
Retrospective results from TDM analysis of antidepressants and antipsychotics were extracted from the LIMS system of the three participating Danish laboratories. These were the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (AUH); the Laboratory of the Danish Epilepsy Centre–Filadelfia, Dianalund (EHL); and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet (RH), Copenhagen. Approvals were obtained from the respective hospital boards, prior to downloading the data.
Therapeutic drug monitoring at AUH is carried out by using LC-MS/MS technology and assays that have been developed in-house. The analyses are all accredited according to ISO:15189:2013, and the quality is externally monitored by proficiency testing. Results were extracted for the following drugs covering a period from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2018: amitriptyline/nortriptyline (metabolite), aripiprazole/dehydroaripiprazole (metabolite), citalopram/escitalopram, clomipramine/desmethylclomipramine (metabolite), clozapine, duloxetine, fluoxetine/norfluoxetine (metabolite), imipramine/desipramine (metabolite), mirtazapine, olanzapine, perphenazine, quetiapine, risperidone/paliperidone (metabolite), sertraline, venlafaxine/o-desmethyl-venlafaxine (metabolite), ziprasidone, and zuclopenthixol.
All the assays performed at EHL have been developed in-house by using LC-MS/MS technology. These include the same drugs as are analysed at AUH and in addition flupentixol, haloperidol, and paroxetine. Although part of the laboratory production, fluoxetine/norfluoxetine, mianserine, and ziprasidone were excluded, owing to a low number of samples (<100). The assays (n = 26) are accredited according to ISO15189:2013, with the exception of aripiprazole/dehydroaripiprazole, and mirtazapine. The quality is externally monitored by proficiency-testing programmes, covering all analytes. For this study, data were collected from the laboratory LIMS system spanning a period from 1 January 2012 to 30 March 2022.
The analyses for therapeutic drugs at RH is performed by HPLC using UV-detection. The following drugs are included in the laboratory repertoire: amitriptyline/nortriptyline, clomipramine/desmethylclomipramine, clozapine, dosulipine/northiaden, and imipramine/desipramine, of which amitriptyline, nortriptyline, clozapine, and imipramine/desipramine are accredited according to ISO 15189:2013. The quality of the assays is monitored by external proficiency-testing schemes. For the calculations, data were collected covering the period from 9 May 2011 to 26 April 2022.
Larsen J.B., Hoffmann-Lücke E., Aaslo P.H., Jørgensen N.R, & Greibe E. (2023). Automated Interlaboratory Comparison of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Data and Its Use for Evaluation of Published Therapeutic Reference Ranges. Pharmaceutics, 15(2), 673.
Publication 2023
Amitriptyline Antidepressive Agents Antipsychotic Agents Aripiprazole Biological Assay Citalopram Clomipramine Clozapine dehydroaripiprazole Desipramine desmethylclomipramine Desvenlafaxine Duloxetine Epilepsy Escitalopram Fluoxetine Flupenthixol Haloperidol High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Imipramine Mianserin Mirtazapine norfluoxetine northiaden Nortriptyline Olanzapine Paliperidone Paroxetine Perphenazine Pharmaceutical Preparations Quetiapine Risperidone Sertraline Tandem Mass Spectrometry Therapeutics Venlafaxine ziprasidone Zuclopenthixol
5
Psychotropic Drug Polypharmacy in Bipolar Disorder
The psychotropic drugs mentioned in this study were mood stabilizers (MSs), antipsychotics (APs), antidepressants (ADs), and benzodiazepines (BZDs). Mood stabilizers were defined as valproate, lithium, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, or topiramate. Second-generation antipsychotics are also effective mood stabilizers, but they were classified separately in order to better classify the drugs taken and compare them with previous studies. Trazodone and mirtazapine were considered antidepressants, although they were often used to improve sleep. These included benzodiazepines, because they are commonly used in patients with BD. For each patient, the prescribed daily dose (PDD) was defined as the daily dose. The type of medication taken was defined as the daily use of any medication within the type of medication.
Polypharmacy was defined as the use of two or more psychotropic drugs. Polypharmacy might involve the same class of drugs, such as two antidepressants, or different classes of drugs, such as mood stabilizers and antipsychotics. Fifteen types of medication classes were analyzed, including four types of monotherapies, six types with two different classes of drug co-treatments, four types with three different classes of drug co-treatments, and one type with four different classes of drug co-treatment. For all patients, the numbers of drugs used were collected at baseline and at each follow-up assessment. The changes in the drug numbers were observed from the collection of these data.
Jing P., Su J., Zheng C., Mei X, & Zhang X. (2023). A retrospective study of psychotropic drug treatments in bipolar disorder at acute and maintenance episodes. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14, 1057780.
Publication 2023
Antidepressive Agents Antipsychotic Agents Benzodiazepines Lamotrigine Lithium Mirtazapine Mood Oxcarbazepine Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Polypharmacy Psychotropic Drugs Sleep Topiramate Trazodone Valproate

Top products related to «Mirtazapine»

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Mirtazapine by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Mirtazapine is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by the Merck Group. It is a drug used in the analysis and research of various chemical compounds and biological samples. Mirtazapine is primarily used as a reference standard or internal standard in analytical procedures.
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Fetal bovine serum (fbs) by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.
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Mirtazapine by Fujifilm
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Mirtazapine by Abcam
Sourced in United Kingdom
Mirtazapine is a laboratory reagent used for research purposes. It is a tetracyclic antidepressant that acts as an antagonist at various serotonin, norepinephrine, and histamine receptors. Mirtazapine is commonly used in scientific research to study the mechanisms of action and effects of antidepressant compounds.
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Acetonitrile by Merck Group
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Acetonitrile is a colorless, volatile, flammable liquid. It is a commonly used solvent in various analytical and chemical applications, including liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and other laboratory procedures. Acetonitrile is known for its high polarity and ability to dissolve a wide range of organic compounds.
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Fluoxetine by Merck Group
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Fluoxetine is a chemical compound used in laboratory settings. It is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) that affects the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain. Fluoxetine is commonly used in research applications, but its specific core function is to modulate serotonin levels.
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Au5800 platform by Beckman Coulter
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The AU5800 Platform is a fully automated clinical chemistry analyzer developed by Beckman Coulter. It is designed for high-volume clinical laboratories and hospital settings. The AU5800 platform provides automated sample processing, analysis, and result reporting for a variety of clinical chemistry tests.
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Amitriptyline hydrochloride by Merck Group
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Amitriptyline hydrochloride is a chemical compound commonly used as a pharmaceutical ingredient. It is a white or off-white crystalline powder with a molecular formula of C₁₇H₂₃N•HCl. The primary function of amitriptyline hydrochloride is as a precursor material for the production of various pharmaceutical formulations.
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C57bl 6 mice by Jackson ImmunoResearch
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C57BL/6 mice are a widely used inbred mouse strain commonly used in biomedical research. They are known for their black coat color and are a popular model organism due to their well-characterized genetic and physiological traits.
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Imipramine imi by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Imipramine (IMI) is a tricyclic antidepressant medication used for the treatment of depression. It is a laboratory compound utilized in research and development for pharmaceutical applications. IMI functions as a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), which helps regulate neurotransmitter levels in the brain.

More about "Mirtazapine"

Mirtazapine is a tetracyclic antidepressant medication used to treat depression and anxiety disorders.
It works by increasing the availability of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine.
Mirtazapine is often prescribed as an alternative to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) like Fluoxetine, or tricyclic antidepressants like Amitriptyline hydrochloride.
Research on Mirtazapine involves various protocols and techniques, including cell culture studies using FBS (Fetal Bovine Serum) and Acetonitrile for sample preparation, as well as in vivo experiments with C57BL/6 mice.
Researchers may also compare the effects of Mirtazapine to other antidepressants like Imipramine (IMI) to understand its mechanisms of action and potential advantages.
To streamline the research process and improve reproducibility, tools like PubCompare.ai can be utilized.
This AI-driven platform allows researchers to easily locate protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, and compare them to identify the best approaches.
By using PubCompare.ai, researchers can unlock new insights, enhance the quality of their Mirtazapine studies, and achieve greater reproducibility, ultimately advancing the understanding and clinical applications of this important antidepressant medication.
The AU5800 Platform is another tool that can be leveraged to support Mirtazapine research, providing automated workflows and data analysis capabilities to improve efficiency and data quality.