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Naproxen

Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to relieve pain, swelling, and inflammation associated with various conditions, such as arthritis, menstrual cramps, and injuries.
It works by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, which are responsible for the body's inflammatory response.
Naproxen is available in both prescription and over-the-counter formulations, and is commonly prescribed for the treatment of osteoarthrtis, rheumatoid arthritis, and other musculoskeletal disorders.
It is generally well-tolerated, but like other NSAIDs, it may cause side effects such as stomach ulcers, bleeding, and kidney problems, especially with long-term use.
Patients should always consult with their healthcare provider before taking naproxen to ensure it is the appropriate treatment for their specific condition.

Most cited protocols related to «Naproxen»

1
Investigating Binding Sites of AOH in HSA
Cited 8 times
To test further the binding site of AOH in HSA, ultrafiltration experiments were carried out with markers of SSI (warfarin), SSII (naproxen), and Heme site (S-camptothecin, CPT). Ultrafiltration studies with warfarin and naproxen were performed as described [50 (link)]. Briefly, Pall Microsep™ Advance centrifugal devices were used with 10 kDa molecular weight cut-off value. Before the ultrafiltration, filter units were rinsed once with 3.0 mL distilled water and twice with 3.0 mL PBS. Samples contained warfarin and HSA (1.0 and 5.0 μM, respectively), naproxen and HSA (1.0 and 1.5 μM, respectively), or CPT and HSA (1.0 and 1.5 μM, respectively) with or without 10 or 20 μM of AOH in PBS. Samples were centrifuged for 10 min at 7500 g and 25 °C (fixed angle rotor). Filtrates were analyzed with HPLC-FLD or HPLC-UV methods (see details in Section 4.4). Warfarin and naproxen were directly analyzed from the filtrates; however, in order to prevent the spontaneous conversion of camptothecin to an open-chain carboxylate form [51 (link)], the following sample preparation was performed. A 500-μL aliquot of filtrates was acidified with 2 μL of 6 M perchloric acid, and after a four-fold dilution with the HPLC mobile phase (see in Section 4.4), camptothecin was analyzed by HPLC.
To validate our new ultrafiltration model which aims to investigate the Heme site, the effects of two known site markers (methyl orange and bilirubin) were tested. Both methyl orange and bilirubin were able to significantly increase the concentration of CPT in the filtrate (Figure S1), suggesting the displacement of CPT from HSA. Furthermore, bilirubin showed much stronger effect than methyl orange, which is in agreement with the significantly higher binding affinity of bilirubin towards HSA (compared to methyl orange and CPT) [26 (link)].
Fliszár-Nyúl E., Lemli B., Kunsági-Máté S., Dellafiora L., Dall’Asta C., Cruciani G., Pethő G, & Poór M. (2019). Interaction of Mycotoxin Alternariol with Serum Albumin. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(9), 2352.
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Publication 2019
Bilirubin Binding Sites Camptothecin Heme High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Medical Devices methyl orange Naproxen Perchloric Acid Technique, Dilution Ultrafiltration Warfarin
2
Methylprednisolone for COVID-19 Treatment
Cited 7 times
Once eligibility had been confirmed (24–48 h after hospitalisation), the patients were randomly allocated to control (n=34) and intervention (n=34) groups in a 1:1 ratio by the block randomisation method. Patients were allocated to either receive methylprednisolone pulse (intravenous injection, 250 mg·day−1 for 3 days) or not receive methylprednisolone/other glucocorticoids. All patients received standard care (hydroxychloroquine sulfate, lopinavir and naproxen) for COVID-19 according to the protocol for diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 in Iran. Patients were blinded to the treatment group. Physicians and clinician teams knew about the medicine and intervention groups. Due to the emergency nature of this trial, placebos of methylprednisolone were not prepared.
Edalatifard M., Akhtari M., Salehi M., Naderi Z., Jamshidi A., Mostafaei S., Najafizadeh S.R., Farhadi E., Jalili N., Esfahani M., Rahimi B., Kazemzadeh H., Mahmoodi Aliabadi M., Ghazanfari T., Sattarian M., Ebrahimi Louyeh H., Raeeskarami S.R., Jamalimoghadamsiahkali S., Khajavirad N., Mahmoudi M, & Rostamian A. (2020). Intravenous methylprednisolone pulse as a treatment for hospitalised severe COVID-19 patients: results from a randomised controlled clinical trial. The European Respiratory Journal, 56(6), 2002808.
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Publication 2020
COVID 19 Diagnosis Eligibility Determination Emergencies Glucocorticoids Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate Lopinavir Methylprednisolone Naproxen Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Physicians Placebos Pulse Rate
3
CFA-Induced Mechanical Allodynia in Mice
Cited 6 times

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Publication 2012
Aftercare Celecoxib Cytoskeletal Filaments Diclofenac Disease Progression Habituation, Drug Ibuprofen Mechanical Allodynia Morphine Mus Naproxen Pharmaceutical Preparations Prednisolone Saline Solution
4
ESI-MS Analysis of Pharmaceutical Compounds
Cited 6 times
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and ESI-MS/MS analyses were conducted in a high-resolution hybrid quadrupole (Q) and orthogonal time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer (Q-TOF Micro, Waters-Micromass, UK) with a constant nebulizer temperature of 100 °C. The ESI source and the mass spectrometer were operated in the positive-ion mode, and the cone and extractor potentials were set to 10 and 4.5 V, respectively, with a scan range of m/z 150–3000. Samples were directly infused into the ESI source at flow rates of 5–10 mLmin−1 by means of a microsyringe pump. Tandem ESI-MS/MS spectra were collected after 5 eV collision-induced dissociation (CID) of mass-selected ions with argon. Mass selection was performed by Q1 using a unitary m/z window, and collisions were performed in the rf-only quadrupole-collision cell, followed by mass analysis of product ions by the high-resolution orthogonal-reflectron TOF analyzer.
All sample mixtures were prepared for analysis in a 50:50 methanol/acetonitrile mixture (HPLC grade from Merck [Germany]). Final sample mixtures were composed of 5 μmol/L (μM) each of the analyte and reference molecules (1:1 stoichiometry), and 2.5 μM of PAMAM (G4 Sigma-Aldrich, USA). Diflunisal (Pfizer, USA), ibuprofen (Sanofi Aventis, Germany), ketoprofen (Medley, Brazil) and naproxen (Teuto, Brazil) were obtained from commercial sources.
Avila-Salas F., Sandoval C., Caballero J., Guiñez-Molinos S., Santos L.S., Cachau R.E, & González-Nilo F.D. (2012). Study of Interaction Energies between PAMAM Dendrimer and non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Using a Distributed Computational Strategy and Experimental Analysis by ESI-MS/MS. The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B, 116(7), 2031-2039.
Publication 2012
acetonitrile Argon Cells Diflunisal High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Hybrids Ibuprofen Ions Ketoprofen Methanol Naproxen Nebulizers Radionuclide Imaging Retinal Cone Spectrometry Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
5
Febuxostat and Allopurinol in Gout Management
Cited 6 times
Subjects aged 18 to 85 years with a diagnosis of gout fulfilling American Rheumatology Association preliminary criteria [36 (link)] and sUA ≥ 8.0 mg/dL were eligible for enrollment. Subjects were enrolled at 324 sites in the United States. Institutional Review Board approval was obtained, and all subjects provided written informed consent and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act authorization prior to any study-related procedure. At least 35% of subjects enrolled were to have mild or moderate renal impairment, defined as baseline estimated creatinine clearance (eCLcr) of 60 to 89 ml/minutes or 30 to 59 ml/minutes, respectively, calculated by the Cockcroft-Gault formula corrected for ideal body weight [37 (link),38 (link)]. Subjects successfully completing either of two previously reported long-term, open-label febuxostat [13 (link)] or febuxostat/allopurinol [14 (link)] extension studies were also eligible for enrollment.
Exclusion criteria included: secondary hyperuricemia (for example, due to myeloproliferative disorder); xanthinuria; severe renal impairment (eCLcr <30 ml/minutes [37 (link),38 (link)]); alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase values >1.5 times the upper limit of normal; consumption of more than 14 alcoholic drinks per week or a history of alcoholism or drug abuse within five years; or a medical condition that, in the investigator's opinion, would interfere with treatment, safety, or adherence to the protocol.
Subject screening evaluations included: physical examination and vital signs; medical history, a pre-specified CV history/risk form; laboratory tests (sUA, complete chemistry panel, hematology, urinalysis, and, for women, pregnancy test); echocardiogram; assessment for tophi and gout flare; and concomitant medication use. With the exception of tophus assessment, these elements, along with compliance, were repeated at bimonthly visits during the six-month treatment period. sUA was blinded after baseline determination at Day-4.
An Interactive Voice Response System was utilized by site personnel during screening visits to initiate double-blind randomization. Subjects were randomized 1:1:1 on Day 1 to receive daily febuxostat 40 mg, febuxostat 80 mg, or allopurinol (Apotex; Weston, FL, USA). Randomization was stratified by baseline renal function and prior completion of either of two open-label extension trials [13 (link),14 (link)]. Among subjects randomized to allopurinol, those with normal renal function or mild renal impairment received 300 mg daily, and those with moderate renal impairment received 200 mg.
During a 30-day washout period for subjects receiving prior ULT, and throughout the subsequent six-month treatment period for all subjects, prophylaxis for gout flares was given either as colchicine, 0.6 mg daily (West-Ward Pharmaceutical Corporation, Eatontown, NJ, USA) or naproxen, 250 mg twice daily (West-Ward Pharmaceutical Corporation). All subjects receiving naproxen prophylaxis also received lansoprazole 15 mg daily (Takeda Global Research & Development Center, Inc., Deerfield, IL, USA). Choice of prophylaxis regimen was made by the investigator and subject, taking into account prior drug tolerance and prophylaxis experience. In addition, subjects with eCLcr <50 ml/minute were not to receive naproxen. Gout flares were regarded as expected gout manifestations rather than as AEs.
Becker M.A., Schumacher H.R., Espinoza L.R., Wells A.F., MacDonald P., Lloyd E, & Lademacher C. (2010). The urate-lowering efficacy and safety of febuxostat in the treatment of the hyperuricemia of gout: the CONFIRMS trial. Arthritis Research & Therapy, 12(2), R63.
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Publication 2010
Alcoholic Beverages Alcoholic Intoxication, Chronic Allopurinol Aspartate Transaminase Colchicine Comprehensive Metabolic Panel Creatinine D-Alanine Transaminase Diagnosis Drug Abuse Echocardiography Ethics Committees, Research Febuxostat Gout Hyperuricemia Ideal Body Weight Kidney Lansoprazole Myeloproliferative Disorders Naproxen Pharmaceutical Preparations Physical Examination Pregnancy Tests Renal Insufficiency Safety Signs, Vital Treatment Protocols Urinalysis Woman

Most recents protocols related to «Naproxen»

1
Electrical Conductivity of Naproxen-based Ionic Liquids
For the title naproxen-based
ILs, the concentrations of standard solutions were prepared in turn
with double-distilled water as the solvent (4 × 10–4, 8 × 10–4, 1.6 × 10–3, 2.4 × 10–3, 3.2 × 10–3, 4.0 × 10–3, and 1 × 10–2 mol·L–1) and with ethanol as the solvent
(1.0 × 10–2, 1.0 × 10–3, and 1.0 × 10–4 mol·L–1).
First, the pure solvent (50 mL, double-distilled water or
ethanol) was placed in a beaker. During different determination phases,
the standard solution with different concentrations was chosen. After
each addition of standard solution (1.00 mL), the solution was stirred
to ensure homogeneous mixing, and the electrical conductivities and
concentrations of the beaker were recorded with a DDS-307 electrical
conductivity meter (DJS-1C platinum black electrode) at 25 °C.
The DDS-307 electrical conductivity meter operated at an alternating
current of 50 ± 0.5 Hz. The conductivity value of the naproxen-based
ILs was determined after subtracting the electrical conductivity of
solvents (water, 2.02 μS·cm–1; ethanol,
0.35 μS·cm–1) from the measured values.
Tang Y., Yang K., Zhao S., Chen Q., Qin L, & Qin B. (2023). Evaluation of Solubility, Physicochemical Properties, and Cytotoxicity of Naproxen-Based Ionic Liquids. ACS Omega, 8(9), 8332-8340.
Publication 2023
Electric Conductivity Electricity Ethanol Naproxen Platinum Solvents
2
Octanol-Water Partition Coefficient of Naproxen Salts
The octanol–water
partition coefficients of naproxen, naproxen sodium, and naproxen-based
ILs were determined by the shake-flask method described by the OECD
(Organizations for Economic Cooperation and Development) guidelines
combined with UV–vis.
First, water (pH 7.4) and n-octanol had to saturate each other. Second, the standard
solutions of different known concentrations of the naproxen salts
(naproxen sodium and naproxen-based ILs) in water saturated with n-octanol and naproxen in n-octanol saturated
with water were prepared sequentially, and the maximum absorption
wavelength was measured at 230 nm using a Cary60 UV–vis spectrometer
(Agilent, USA). The calibration curves were obtained. Third, a solution
was prepared by completely dissolving the solute, naproxen salts (naproxen
sodium and naproxen-based IL), in a 100 mL volumetric flask containing
water saturated with n-octanol. Approximately 5 mL
of this solution was added to a vial, and the same volume of n-octanol saturated with water was added. With naproxen
as the solute, naproxen was completely dissolved in a 100 mL volumetric
flask containing n-octanol saturated with water.
Approximately 5 mL of this solution was added to a vial, and the same
volume of water saturated with n-octanol was added.
For naproxen salts or naproxen, the solutions were prepared in
quintuplicate. The vials were placed in an oscillator at a constant
temperature of 25 °C for different periods. Subsequently, the
samples were centrifuged for 15 min at 5000 rpm to ensure complete
phase separation. Both phases were sampled by careful use of syringes.
The syringe used to collect the water-rich phase was filled with air,
which was slowly expelled while the syringe passed through the octanol
phase. After the absorbance value became constant, the equilibrium
time was obtained.
With the above-mentioned process and the
equilibrium time, the
concentrations in the water phase or n-octanol phase
were determined using a UV spectrophotometer at the characteristic
wavelength of naproxen (230 nm). By combining the calibration curves
and the initial concentration of naproxen sodium, naproxen-based ILs,
and naproxen, the equilibrium concentration of naproxen sodium, naproxen-based
ILs, and naproxen in two phases was obtained. In the Kow experiments, the measurement is always repeated three
times.
Tang Y., Yang K., Zhao S., Chen Q., Qin L, & Qin B. (2023). Evaluation of Solubility, Physicochemical Properties, and Cytotoxicity of Naproxen-Based Ionic Liquids. ACS Omega, 8(9), 8332-8340.
Publication 2023
1-Octanol Naproxen Naproxen Sodium Octanols Salts Syringes Tremor
3
Naproxen-based Ionic Liquid Conductivity
The pure solvent (10 g, double-distilled
water or ethanol) was placed in a beaker. The naproxen-based ILs were
successively increased by a stepwise addition to pure solvent being
initially placed in a cell for conductivity measurements. After each
addition, the solution was stirred to ensure the homogeneous mixing,
and then the electrical conductivity was recorded with a DDS-307 electrical
conductivity meter (DJS-1C platinum black electrode) at 25 and 37
°C. The increased rate of the electrical conductivity slowly
followed the concentration increase of naproxen-based ILs until the
maximum values appeared.38 (link)
Tang Y., Yang K., Zhao S., Chen Q., Qin L, & Qin B. (2023). Evaluation of Solubility, Physicochemical Properties, and Cytotoxicity of Naproxen-Based Ionic Liquids. ACS Omega, 8(9), 8332-8340.
Publication 2023
Electric Conductivity Ethanol Naproxen Place Cells Platinum Solvents
4
Synthesis of Naproxen-based Ionic Liquids
A mixture of
sodium hydroxide
(0.78 g, 19.5 mmol), naproxen (4.60 g, 20.0 mmol), and ethanol (40
mL) was placed in the flask and shaken vigorously for 0.5 h, and the
ethanol was distilled off. The solid cake was treated with ethyl acetate.
The solid white powder of naproxen sodium was obtained with a constant
weight under vacuum at 45 °C. Naproxen sodium with the equimolecular
[Omim]Br, benzalkonium chloride, or choline chloride was dissolved
in ethanol. The mixture solution was stirred under the protection
of nitrogen at 35 °C for 24 h and then naturally cooled to room
temperature and filtered with a sand core funnel (bore diameter 3–4
μm). After removing the solvent by reduced pressure distillation,
the oily or waxy substances were obtained and dried under reduced
pressure at 45 °C to a constant weight (about 60 h). The faint
yellow viscous liquids ([Ben][Nap] or [Omim][Nap]) or white waxy ([Ch][Nap])
substances, naproxen-based ILs, were obtained (Scheme 1), and the yield was above 90%.
All naproxen-based ILs were completely characterized by 1H NMR (Bruker AVANCE 600 MHz, DE) to confirm the expected cation/anion
ratios. A sand core funnel can filter the precipitates (NaCl or NaBr)
better. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Agilent 1260,
USA) was used to check the structure and final purity of the obtained
naproxen-based ILs. The purity was 99.6% (wt %) with the naproxen
reference substance (ID: Y15D8C505 69).
Tang Y., Yang K., Zhao S., Chen Q., Qin L, & Qin B. (2023). Evaluation of Solubility, Physicochemical Properties, and Cytotoxicity of Naproxen-Based Ionic Liquids. ACS Omega, 8(9), 8332-8340.
Publication 2023
1H NMR Chloride, Benzalkonium Choline Chloride Distillation Ethanol ethyl acetate High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies hydroxide ion Naproxen Naproxen Sodium Nitrogen Oils Powder Pressure Sodium Chloride Solvents Vacuum Viscosity Waxes
5
Naproxen Synthesis and Characterization
Naproxen (w ≥ 99%)
was purchased from Bide Pharmatech Ltd. Tetradecyldimethylbenzyl ammonium
chloride (w ≥ 98%) and choline chloride (w ≥ 98%) were supplied by Aladdin. 1-Octyl-3-methyl
imidazole bromide ([Omim]Br) was prepared in the lab. Ethanol (w ≥ 98%), n-octanol (w ≥ 98%), and ethyl acetate (w ≥ 99%)
were supplied by Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Sodium hydroxide
(w ≥ 98%) was supplied by Kemio Chemical Reagent
Co., Ltd. Naproxen standard substance (w ≥
99%, ID: Y15D8C50569) was supplied by Shanghai yuanye Bio-Technology
Co., Ltd. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) was supplied by Sigma.
Trypsin was supplied by Shanghai Blue Base Biology Co., Ltd. Phosphate
buffer (PBS) and trypsin cell digestive juice with 0.02% EDTA were
supplied by Beijing Solaibao Technology Co., Ltd. High sugar Dulbecco’s
modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) was supplied by Gibco. Fetal
calf serum (FCS) was supplied by Zhejiang Tianhang Biotechnology Co.,
Ltd. All chemicals were of analytical grade and used without further
purification.
Tang Y., Yang K., Zhao S., Chen Q., Qin L, & Qin B. (2023). Evaluation of Solubility, Physicochemical Properties, and Cytotoxicity of Naproxen-Based Ionic Liquids. ACS Omega, 8(9), 8332-8340.
Publication 2023
1-methylimidazole 1-Octanol Bromides Carbohydrates Cells Choline Chloride Digestion Eagle Edetic Acid Ethanol ethyl acetate Naproxen Serum Sodium Hydroxide Tetrazolium Salts Trypsin

Top products related to «Naproxen»

1
Naproxen by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Spain, Italy, Canada, Brazil, Sao Tome and Principe, Netherlands
Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used as a lab equipment product. It has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.
2
Ibuprofen by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, India, Switzerland, Australia, China, France, Spain, Macao, Portugal, Poland
Ibuprofen is a laboratory-grade chemical compound used as a reference standard in analytical testing. It is a white, crystalline solid with a melting point of around 78°C. Ibuprofen is a common non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and is often used as a calibration standard for the identification and quantification of pharmaceutical and biological samples.
3
Ketoprofen by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, China, Spain, Canada, Switzerland, Hungary, Poland
Ketoprofen is a pharmaceutical ingredient used in the production of various lab equipment and medical devices. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. Ketoprofen is commonly used in the manufacturing of pain relievers, anti-inflammatory medications, and other pharmaceutical products.
4
Sodium hydroxide (naoh) by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, India, United Kingdom, Italy, China, Spain, France, Australia, Canada, Poland, Switzerland, Singapore, Belgium, Sao Tome and Principe, Ireland, Sweden, Brazil, Israel, Mexico, Macao, Chile, Japan, Hungary, Malaysia, Denmark, Portugal, Indonesia, Netherlands, Czechia, Finland, Austria, Romania, Pakistan, Cameroon, Egypt, Greece, Bulgaria, Norway, Colombia, New Zealand, Lithuania
Sodium hydroxide is a chemical compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white, odorless, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water and is a strong base. It is commonly used in various laboratory applications as a reagent.
5
Indomethacin by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Brazil, Italy, Sao Tome and Principe, China, India, Japan, Denmark, Australia, Macao, Spain, France, New Zealand, Poland, Singapore, Switzerland, Belgium, Canada, Argentina, Czechia, Hungary
Indomethacin is a laboratory reagent used in various research applications. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that inhibits the production of prostaglandins, which are involved in inflammation and pain. Indomethacin can be used to study the role of prostaglandins in biological processes.
6
Diclofenac by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, France, Italy, Switzerland, Czechia, Sweden, Mexico
Diclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is used as a pain reliever and anti-inflammatory agent. It is a commonly used pharmaceutical ingredient in various lab equipment and medical products.
7
Caffeine by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, China, Poland, Spain, Macao, Sao Tome and Principe, Belgium, Brazil, India, France, Australia, Argentina, Finland, Canada, Japan, Singapore, Israel
Caffeine is a naturally occurring stimulant compound that can be extracted and purified for use in various laboratory applications. It functions as a central nervous system stimulant, inhibiting the action of adenosine receptors in the brain.
8
Methanol by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, Italy, India, United Kingdom, China, France, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, Australia, Canada, Sao Tome and Principe, Brazil, Ireland, Japan, Belgium, Portugal, Singapore, Macao, Malaysia, Czechia, Mexico, Indonesia, Chile, Denmark, Sweden, Bulgaria, Netherlands, Finland, Hungary, Austria, Israel, Norway, Egypt, Argentina, Greece, Kenya, Thailand, Pakistan
Methanol is a clear, colorless, and flammable liquid that is widely used in various industrial and laboratory applications. It serves as a solvent, fuel, and chemical intermediate. Methanol has a simple chemical formula of CH3OH and a boiling point of 64.7°C. It is a versatile compound that is widely used in the production of other chemicals, as well as in the fuel industry.
9
Hydrochloric acid (hcl) by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, United Kingdom, India, Italy, France, Spain, Australia, China, Poland, Switzerland, Canada, Ireland, Japan, Singapore, Sao Tome and Principe, Malaysia, Brazil, Hungary, Chile, Belgium, Denmark, Macao, Mexico, Sweden, Indonesia, Romania, Czechia, Egypt, Austria, Portugal, Netherlands, Greece, Panama, Kenya, Finland, Israel, Hong Kong, New Zealand, Norway
Hydrochloric acid is a commonly used laboratory reagent. It is a clear, colorless, and highly corrosive liquid with a pungent odor. Hydrochloric acid is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride gas.
10
Ethanol by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, United Kingdom, Italy, India, France, China, Australia, Spain, Canada, Switzerland, Japan, Brazil, Poland, Sao Tome and Principe, Singapore, Chile, Malaysia, Belgium, Macao, Mexico, Ireland, Sweden, Indonesia, Pakistan, Romania, Czechia, Denmark, Hungary, Egypt, Israel, Portugal, Taiwan, Province of China, Austria, Thailand
Ethanol is a clear, colorless liquid chemical compound commonly used in laboratory settings. It is a key component in various scientific applications, serving as a solvent, disinfectant, and fuel source. Ethanol has a molecular formula of C2H6O and a range of industrial and research uses.

More about "Naproxen"

Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to alleviate pain, swelling, and inflammation associated with various conditions, such as arthritis, menstrual cramps, and injuries.
It works by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, which are responsible for the body's inflammatory response.
Naproxen is availabel in both prescription and over-the-counter formulations, and is commonly prescribed for the treatment of osteoarthrtis, rheumatoid arthritis, and other musculoskeletal disorders.
It is generally well-tolerated, but like other NSAIDs, it may cause side effects such as stomach ulcers, bleeding, and kidney problems, especially with long-term use.
Patients should always consult with their healthcare provider before taking naproxen to ensure it is the appropriate treatment for their specific condition.
Naproxen is a member of the propionic acid class of NSAIDs, which also includes ibuprofen and ketoprofen.
These drugs work by blocking the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, which are responsible for the production of prostaglandins.
By inhibiting COX, naproxen can reduce inflammation, pain, and fever.
Sodium hydroxide may be used in the formulation of naproxen to improve its solubility and absorption.
Indomethacin and diclofenac are other NSAIDs that share similar mechanisms of action with naproxen.
Caffeine is sometimes added to naproxen formulations, as it can enhance the analgesic (pain-relieving) effects of the drug.
Methanol and hydrochloric acid may be used in the synthesis or purification of naproxen, while ethanol can be used as a solvent in some formulations.
Researchers and clinicians should consider these related compounds and substances when studying or prescribing naproxen.