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Nevirapine

Nevirapine: A nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) used in the treatment of HIV infection.
It interferes with the HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme, preventing the conversion of viral RNA into proviral DNA.
Nevirapine is often used in combination with other antiretroviral agents to enhance efficacy and reduce the risk of resistance.
Its optimized use in research can be facilitated through PubCompare.ai, which leverages AI-driven comparisons to identify the best protocols and products for Nevirapine studies, promoting reproducibility and accuracy.

Most cited protocols related to «Nevirapine»

Between July 2006 and May 2008, we enrolled pregnant women with HIV-1 infection in the Mma Bana Study (meaning “mother of the baby” in Setswana) in southern Botswana. Women with CD4+ cell counts of 200 or more were randomly assigned (in permuted blocks stratified according to clinical site) to receive either 300 mg of abacavir, 300 mg of zidovudine, and 150 mg of lamivudine coformulated as Trizivir (GlaxoSmith-Kline) twice daily (the NRTI group) or 400 mg of lopinavir and 100 mg of ritonavir coformulated as Kaletra (Abbott) with 300 mg of zidovudine and 150 mg of lamivudine coformulated as Combivir (GlaxoSmithKline) twice daily (the protease-inhibitor group). Women with CD4+ cell counts of less than 200 cells per cubic millimeter or with an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)–defining illness received standard-of-care treatment for Botswana: 200 mg of nevirapine, 300 mg of zidovudine, and 150 mg of lamivudine twice daily (after a 2-week lead-in period of oncedaily nevirapine at a dose of 200 mg) (the observational group). Women in the randomized groups began to receive HAART between 26 and 34 weeks’ gestation and continued it through weaning or 6 months post partum (whichever occurred first), and women in the observational group began to receive HAART between 18 and 34 weeks’ gestation and continued treatment indefinitely. We report results for the primary end points at 6 months post partum.
Infants received single-dose nevirapine (6 mg) at birth and received zidovudine (4 mg per kilogram of body weight twice daily) from birth through 4 weeks. Women were counseled to exclusively breast-feed and to complete weaning 3 days before the 6-month study visit. Infants were provided free formula and foods from the time of weaning (whenever it occurred) through 12 months.
Study drugs were provided by GlaxoSmith-Kline (Trizivir and Combivir) and Abbott Pharmaceuticals (Kaletra), but these companies had no other role in the design of the study, the accrual or analysis of the data, the preparation of the manuscript, or the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. The Botswana government provided nevirapine, Combivir, additional medications, and some laboratory testing. The Health Research Development Committee of Botswana and the Human Subjects Committee of the Harvard School of Public Health approved the study protocol and amendments. An independent data and safety monitoring board reviewed safety and efficacy data approximately every 6 months. The full study protocol including the statistical-analysis plan, is available with the full text of this article at NEJM.org. All authors vouch for the completeness and veracity of the reported data and analyses and attest that the study as reported conforms with the protocol.
Publication 2010
abacavir Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Body Weight CD4+ Cell Counts Cells Childbirth Clinical Trials Data Monitoring Committees Combivir Cuboid Bone Food HIV-1 Homo sapiens Infant Infection Kaletra Lamivudine Lopinavir Mothers Nevirapine Pharmaceutical Preparations Pregnancy Pregnant Women Protease Inhibitors Ritonavir Trizivir Woman Zidovudine

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Publication 2008
Dietary Supplements Dysentery Food Infant Maize Malaria Meningitis Mothers Nevirapine Obstetric Delivery Obstetric Labor Pharmaceutical Preparations Pneumonia Septicemia Treatment Protocols Tuberculosis Vitamin A Woman Zidovudine
In cohort 1 of the P1060 trial, we enrolled HIV-infected children between 6 and 36 months of age who had had documented exposure to a single dose of nevirapine for perinatal prevention of HIV transmission. According to version 1.0 of the protocol, the child could be eligible for inclusion if either the mother or the child had received nevirapine, but the protocol was subsequently amended to require specifically that the child had received nevirapine. The protocol, including the statistical analysis plan, is available with the full text of this article at NEJM.org. The authors attest that the study was performed in accordance with the protocol and the statistical analysis plan.
To ensure that the children were infected with HIV during the time of exposure to single-dose nevirapine — and not later during breast-feeding — the inclusion criteria specified that the children had to have received the diagnosis of HIV infection or to have had an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)–defining event by 60 days of age or that they had to have been formula-fed exclusively from birth. In addition, children had to be eligible for treatment according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria and to have baseline plasma HIV type 1 (HIV-1) RNA levels of more than 5000 copies per milliliter. Children who were undergoing treatment for tuberculosis were ineligible. Enrollment was stratified according to age (<12 months vs. ≥12 months), and children were randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, to an NNRTI-based regimen of nevirapine, zidovudine, and lamivudine or a protease-inhibitor–based regimen of ritonavir-boosted lopinavir, zidovudine, and lamivudine. In the event of a toxic reaction or contraindication to zidovudine, stavudine was substituted.
Children were enrolled at nine sites in Africa: four in South Africa and one each in Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi, Uganda, and Tanzania. The study was approved by the ethics review committee at each local site, the institutional review board at each partner U.S. institution, and the Ministry of Health, where needed. Written informed consent was obtained from the children’s parents or legal guardians. Study visits were conducted 2 and 4 weeks after the initiation of treatment, every 4 weeks until week 16, at week 24, and every 12 weeks thereafter. Plasma HIV-1 RNA levels were measured at site laboratories with the use of the standard Roche Amplicor v1.5 test kit (eight sites) or the Abbott RealTime HIV-1 assay (one site), with all the laboratories participating in the Division of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (DAIDS) Quality Assurance Program. Tests for HIV resistance were performed retrospectively on plasma samples at a single laboratory with the use of the ViroSeq HIV-1 Genotyping System, versions 2.7 and 2.8 (Celera), and ViroSeq software (in which lower-end sensitivity requires that approximately 20% of the virus population possess a resistance mutation for detection).
Publication 2010
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Biological Assay Birth Child Ethics Committees, Research HIV-1 HIV Infection Diagnosis Hypersensitivity Lamivudine Legal Guardians lopinavir-ritonavir drug combination Mothers Mutation Nevirapine Parent Plasma Protease Inhibitors Stavudine Testing, AIDS Transmission, Communicable Disease Treatment Protocols Tuberculosis Virus Zidovudine
The PROMISE trial was conducted at 14 sites in seven countries (India, Malawi, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe). When enrollment began in 2011, standard prevention of mother-to-child transmission for women with a CD4 count of more than 350 cells per cubic millimeter in these countries was zidovudine with intrapartum single-dose nevirapine and a 1-to-2-week “tail” of two nucleosides to prevent maternal nevirapine resistance.6 Eligibility criteria included a CD4 count of at least 350 cells per cubic millimeter (or a country-specific threshold for initiating triple-drug ART, if that threshold was higher), gestation of at least 14 weeks and not in labor, no previous use of triple-drug ART, no clinical or immune-related indication for triple-drug ART, a hemoglobin level of at least 7.5 g per deciliter, an absolute neutrophil count of at least 750 cells per cubic millimeter, an alanine aminotransferase level of less than 2.5 times the upper limit of the normal range, an estimated creatinine clearance of more than 60 ml per minute, and no serious pregnancy complications. Receipt of one or two antiretroviral agents for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission in previous pregnancies and for 30 days or fewer during the current pregnancy before enrollment was permitted. Key exclusion criteria were active tuberculosis or receipt of tuberculosis treatment within 30 days before trial entry, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection requiring HBV treatment (patients who did not require HBV treatment could enroll), a structural or conduction heart defect, or a fetus with a serious congenital malformation.
All pregnant women provided written informed consent. The trial was approved by local and collaborating institutional review boards and reviewed every 6 months by an independent data and safety monitoring board (members are listed in the Supplementary Appendix, available with the full text of this article at NEJM.org).
Publication 2016
Anti-Retroviral Agents B virus, Hepatitis Cardiac Conduction System Disease CD4+ Cell Counts Cells Clinical Trials Data Monitoring Committees Congenital Abnormality Creatinine Cuboid Bone D-Alanine Transaminase Ethics Committees, Research Fetus Heart Hemoglobin A Hepatitis B Maternal-Fetal Infection Transmission Mothers Neutrophil Nevirapine Nucleosides Obstetric Labor Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Pregnancy Pregnancy Complications Pregnant Women Tail Tuberculosis Woman Zidovudine

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Publication 2013
Complete Blood Count Haemophilus Vaccines HIV-1 HIV Infections Infant Infant, Newborn Mothers Nevirapine Plasma Polymerase Chain Reaction Pregnancy T-Lymphocyte Subsets Treatment Protocols Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination Vaccine, Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Zidovudine

Most recents protocols related to «Nevirapine»

We selected four study subjects enrolled in the Northwestern University Clinical Research Site for the MWCCS. The four men were well-suppressed patients who had received antiretroviral drugs for at least 5 years. Subject A received stavudine, tenofovir, lamivudine, and nevirapine; subject B received efavirenz, lopinavir, and tenofovir; subject C received ritonavir, amprenavir, and lamivudine/zidovudine; and subject D received indinavir and lamivudine at the sampling visits. We obtained PBMCs from cryostorage more than 5 years after starting antiretroviral therapy and undetectable plasma HIV-1 (<50 copies/ml). Laboratory procedures for clinical sample management are described elsewhere (82 (link)). The Institutional Review Board of Northwestern University approved the study (STU00022906-CR0008) with most recent approval date of 16 May 2022. All participants provided written informed consent.
Publication 2023
amprenavir Clinical Laboratory Techniques efavirenz Ethics Committees, Research HIV-1 Indinavir Lamivudine lamivudine, zidovudine drug combination Lopinavir Nevirapine Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Plasma Ritonavir Specimen Handling Stavudine Tenofovir Therapeutics
For the generation of Phase I metabolites: tested compounds, at a 10 μM concentration (1 μL of 5 mM DMSO stock solution), were incubated with HLM (1 mg protein/mL), Vivid® regenerating system (5 μL) and NADPH (1mM) in ABIC 50 mM buffer pH 7.4, for a total incubation volume of 500 μL. Incubations were run in duplicate, at 37 °C. Aliquots were collected at 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 75, 90, 120, 180 min and reactions were stopped by adding and ice-cold solution of reserpine (2.5 μM) in acetonitrile. Additional aliquots were taken at 0 and 120 min and subsequently treated with L-lysine (100 µM) and sodium cyanoborohydride (10 µM) or glutathione (100 µM). Following centrifugation (10,000 rpm, 15 min, RT), the clear supernatants were collected and analyzed LC-ESI-HRMS/MS. Control incubations were conducted in the same conditions: (1) using DMSO as negative control, in absence of the test drug; (2) using heat-denatured HLM (90 °C, 15 min); (3) using nevirapine, as a positive control, instead of the tested compound; and (4) in absence of NADPH co-factor.
For the generation of glucuronidation metabolites: HLM were preincubated for 15 min with alamethicin (25 µg/mL). Incubations were then run in duplicate at 37 °C, using the following conditions: test compounds at a concentration of 25 µM (1 μL of DMSO stock solution 5 mM), HLM (1 mg/mL, 10 μL), NADPH (5 mM), MgCl2 (2 mM), UDPGA (5 mM) for a final volume of 200 μL, in 50 mM ABIC buffer pH 7.4. Control incubations were conducted in the same conditions using: (1) DMSO as negative control, in absence of the test compound; (2) heat-denatured HLM (90 °C, 15 min); and (3) in absence of UDPGA co-factor. Aliquots (50 μL) were collected at 0 and 2 h and then quenched with 50 μL of a cold 2.5 μM reserpine solution in acetonitrile. All the samples were vortexed and centrifuged for 15 min at 10,000 rpm. The supernatants were collected and stored at −20 °C until further analysis by LC-ESI-HRMS/MS.
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Publication 2023
acetonitrile Alamethicin Buffers Centrifugation Cold Temperature Glutathione Lysine Magnesium Chloride NADP Nevirapine Proteins Reserpine sodium cyanoborohydride Substance Abuse Detection Sulfoxide, Dimethyl Uridine Diphosphate Glucuronic Acid
Tested compounds at a 10 μM concentration (1 μL of 5 mM DMSO stock solution) were incubated with rat liver S9 fraction (2 mg protein/mL), Vivid® regenerating system (2 μL) and NADPH (1mM) in ABIC 50 mM buffer pH 7.4, for a total incubation volume of 500 μL. Incubations were run in duplicate at 37 °C. Additional incubation was run using the same conditions in the presence of glutathione (1 mM). Incubations were run in duplicate at 37 °C. Aliquots were collected at 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 75, 90, 120, 180 min and reactions were terminated by adding an ice-cold solution of reserpine (2.5 μM) in acetonitrile. Following centrifugation (10,000 rpm, 15 min, RT) the clear supernatants were collected and analyzed LC-ESI-HRMS/MS. Control incubations were conducted in the same conditions: (1) using DMSO as negative control, in absence of the test drug; (2) using heat-denatured HLM (90 °C, 15 min); (3) using nevirapine, as a positive control, instead of the tested compound; and (4) in absence of NADPH co-factor
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Publication 2023
acetonitrile Buffers Centrifugation Cold Temperature Glutathione Liver NADP Nevirapine Proteins Reserpine Substance Abuse Detection Sulfoxide, Dimethyl
Our study utilized stored plasma samples and existing data collected in pregnant women who previously participated in the “Tshipidi” study in Botswana [29 (link)]. The Tshipidi study enrolled WLHIV and women without HIV (≥18 years of age) during pregnancy or shortly after delivery from 2010 to 2012 and followed mothers and babies for 2 years postpartum to evaluate pediatric neurodevelopmental outcomes. The majority (88%) of women were enrolled before delivery at a median gestational age of 27 weeks. Maternal and infant blood samples were collected at enrollment, delivery, and 1, 6 and 24 months postpartum. Demographic information, HIV history (including the date of diagnosis, antiretroviral [ARV] regimen and date of ARV initiation, and most recent CD4 count and viral load), general medical history, and pregnancy outcome were recorded for all participants. Gestational age was estimated by the last menstrual period (which was ascertained using a combination of maternal self-report and written obstetric records that are completed for all pregnant women during antenatal care and labor/delivery, which nearly universally occur during admission to maternity wards). Written obstetric records also served as the source of birthweight and stillbirth data. Small for gestational age was calculated using estimated gestational age and birthweight.
Women received antiretroviral regimens according to Botswana national guidelines at the time. From 2008 to 2012, pregnant women with baseline CD4 count >250 cells/mm3 and no WHO Clinical Stage 3 or 4 HIV illness received zidovudine. Women with baseline CD4 <250 cells/mm3 or with WHO Clinical Stage 3 or 4 received 3-drug ART (generally zidovudine + lamivudine + nevirapine); the CD4 threshold was changed to <350 cells/mm3 in 2012. Multiple gestations were excluded from this analysis.
The Tshipidi study (from which the de-identified data for this analysis came from) was approved by the Botswana Health Research Development Committee and the Office of Human Research Administration at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. Mothers provided written informed consent for study participation. The work summarized in this paper was consistent with original study aims, and was also approved by IRBs as an amendment.
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Publication 2023
Birth Weight BLOOD Care, Prenatal CD4+ Cell Counts Cells Diagnosis Ethics Committees, Research Gestational Age Homo sapiens Infant lamivudine, zidovudine drug combination Menstruation Mothers Nevirapine Obstetric Delivery Obstetric Labor Pharmaceutical Preparations Plasma Pregnancy Pregnant Women Treatment Protocols Woman Zidovudine
The LAg-avidity assay was used to detect recent HIV infection at the central laboratory from serum samples in KAIS 2007 and dried blood spots (DBS) in KAIS 2012, while in KENPHIA, plasma was used with DBS available as a backup in case plasma was not available or depleted by preceding tests. LAg-avidity kits from Sedia Biosciences (Portland, OR) were used for testing plasma or serum samples, while DBS samples were tested using kits from Maxim Biomedical (Rockville, MD). KAIS 2012 used DBS to measure HIV RNA levels using the Abbott M2000 Real-Time HIV-1 Assay (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL). For KENPHIA, RNA measurement was performed on plasma using the automated Roche COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan (CAP/CTM) HIV-1 RNA quantitation test (Roche Molecular Systems, Inc., Pleasanton, CA) or on DBS with the Roche CAP/CTM Free Virus Elution (FVE) Protocol.
DBS were tested to qualitatively detect ARVs in blood using tandem mass spectrometry liquid chromatography in all three surveys.22 (link) The panel of ARVs evolved over time, reflecting changes in treatment guidelines: the ARVs tested for in the 2007 and 2012 surveys included nevirapine, efavirenz, lamivudine, and lopinavir, while in the 2018 survey, efavirenz, nevirapine, and atazanavir were included. Due to varying pharmacokinetics, efavirenz and nevirapine can be detected for up to 28 and 9 days, respectively, while the other included drugs can be detected for 1–3 days postingestion on DBS before their levels fall below the assay limit of detection due to their shorter half-lives.23 (link) ARV testing was conducted at the University of Cape Town in 2014 for KAIS 2007 and 2012 and in 2019 for KENPHIA.
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Publication 2023
Atazanavir Biological Assay BLOOD Drug Kinetics efavirenz Exanthema HIV-1 Laboratory Infection Lamivudine Liquid Chromatography Lopinavir MiCaT protocol Nevirapine Pharmaceutical Preparations Plasma Serum Tandem Mass Spectrometry Testing, HIV Virus

Top products related to «Nevirapine»

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Nevirapine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) used in the treatment of HIV-1 infection. It is a laboratory product manufactured by Merck Group for research purposes.
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DMSO is a versatile organic solvent commonly used in laboratory settings. It has a high boiling point, low viscosity, and the ability to dissolve a wide range of polar and non-polar compounds. DMSO's core function is as a solvent, allowing for the effective dissolution and handling of various chemical substances during research and experimentation.
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Nevirapine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) used as a pharmaceutical compound in the treatment of HIV/AIDS. It is a white to pale yellow crystalline powder.
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RPMI 1640 medium is a commonly used cell culture medium developed at Roswell Park Memorial Institute. It is a balanced salt solution that provides essential nutrients, vitamins, and amino acids to support the growth and maintenance of a variety of cell types in vitro.
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HEK293T cells are a widely used human embryonic kidney cell line. They are derived from human embryonic kidney cells transformed with sheared adenovirus 5 DNA. HEK293T cells are commonly used for a variety of applications, including gene expression, viral production, and cell-based assays.
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Zidovudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) used in the treatment of HIV infection. It is a laboratory product designed for research and clinical use.
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Atazanavir is a protease inhibitor drug used in the treatment of HIV-1 infection. It is a prescription medication developed and manufactured by Bristol-Myers Squibb.
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Analyst 1.6.3 software is a data processing and analysis tool developed by AB Sciex for use with their mass spectrometry instruments. The software provides functionalities for data acquisition, processing, and visualization. It serves as a core component in the operation and analysis of mass spectrometry experiments.
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The Storm 860 is a laboratory instrument designed for the analysis of protein samples. It utilizes electrophoresis technology to separate and visualize protein molecules based on their size and charge.

More about "Nevirapine"

Nevirapine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) used to treat HIV infection.
It works by interfering with the HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme, preventing the conversion of viral RNA into proviral DNA.
Nevirapine is often used in combination with other antiretroviral agents, such as Zidovudine and Atazanavir, to enhance efficacy and reduce the risk of resistance.
Optimizing Nevirapine research can be facilitated through the use of PubCompare.ai, an AI-driven platform that helps identify the best protocols and products for Nevirapine studies.
This promotes reproducibility and accuracy, which are crucial for advancing HIV research.
When conducting Nevirapine experiments, researchers may also utilize DMSO as a solvent, RPMI 1640 medium for cell culture, and Phosphoimager screens for data analysis.
The Analyst 1.6.3 software and Storm 860 imaging system can be employed to process and visualize the results.
By leveraging these tools and techniques, scientists can optimize their Nevirapine research, leading to more reliable and impactful findings in the fight against HIV/AIDS.
The combination of Nevirapine with other antiretroviral agents, such as Zidovudine and Atazanavir, is an important area of study, and the use of PubCompare.ai can help streamline the process and enhance the quality of the research.