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Norepinephrine

Norepinephrine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter and hormone that plays a crucial role in the sympathetic nervous system.
It is responsible for regulating various physiological processes, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiration, and metabolism.
Norepinephrine is synthesized from the amino acid tyrosine and is released from adrenergic neurons and the adrenal medulla.
It binds to and activates alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors, leading to a wide range of effects on the cardiovascular, endocrine, and central nervous systems.
Dysregulation of norepinephrine signaling has been implicated in various neurological and psychiatric disorders, making it an important target for pharmacological interventions.
Reasearchers can optimize their norepinephrine research using PubComapre.ai, a tool that enhaces reproducibility and accuracy by locating protocols from literature, preprints, and patens, and leveraging AI-driven comparisons to identify the best protocols and products.

Most cited protocols related to «Norepinephrine»

1
Assessing Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Cited 24 times
We studied mechanically ventilated patients admitted to the emergency departments (EDs) or intensive care units (ICUs) of participating study hospitals, which were part of the NIH Prevention and Early Treatment of Acute Lung Injury (PETAL) Network. We excluded children, pregnant women, and prisoners. At the time a clinical ABG was obtained for a ventilated patient, the nurse or respiratory therapist obtaining the ABG completed a brief case report form (CRF) that included current SpO2, quality of the oximeter waveform, skin pigmentation (graded informally from very light to very dark, on a 5-point ordinal span, with reference skin pigments included on the CRF). Research coordinators then documented age, sex, body mass index (BMI), body temperature (as measured clinically, without preference for core vs. peripheral temperature measurements), ABG results, basic metabolic panel results, hemoglobin, Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP), FIO2, tidal volume, receipt of vasopressors (i.e., epinephrine, norepinephrine, phenylephrine, dopamine, or vasopressin) at the time the ABG was obtained, and whether the patient met consensus criteria for ARDS other than hypoxemia. Specifically, site investigators individually reviewed chest radiographs and the medical record to assess whether ARDS criteria (acute onset of bilateral lung opacities not fully explained by effusions, lobar/lung collapse, or nodules) other than hypoxemia were met. ARDS was then considered present if the PaO2/FIO2 met relevant thresholds. Given resource constraints, we did not require a specific ABG sampling strategy or collect denominator data on the total number of ABGs performed in participating hospitals.
Data were uploaded to the Clinical Coordinating Center (CCC) at Massachusetts General Hospital, where quality analysis and cleaning were undertaken according to standard procedures. Each participating Institutional Review Board (IRB), including the CCC IRB, approved this study with waiver of informed consent on the basis of compliance with 45 CFR 46.116d.
Brown S.M., Duggal A., Hou P.C., Tidswell M., Khan A., Exline M., Park P.K., Schoenfeld D., Liu M., Grissom C.K., Moss M., Rice T.W., Hough C.L., Rivers E., Thompson B.T, & Brower R.G. (2017). Non-linear imputation of PaO2/FIO2 from SpO2/FIO2 among mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit: a prospective, observational study. Critical care medicine, 45(8), 1317-1324.
Publication 2017
Acute Lung Injury Atelectasis Child Dopamine Epinephrine Ethics Committees, Research Hemoglobin Hormone, Antidiuretic Index, Body Mass Light Lung Norepinephrine Nurses Patients Phenylephrine Positive End-Expiratory Pressure Pregnant Women Prisoners Radiography, Thoracic Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult Respiratory Rate Saturation of Peripheral Oxygen Skin Pigmentation Tidal Volume Vasoconstrictor Agents
2
ARDS Fluid and Catheter Trial Protocol
Cited 18 times
We analyzed data from the ARDS Network Fluid and Catheter Treatment trial. This trial excluded patients in whom renal replacement therapy (for either acute or end stage renal disease) had been initiated or planned for at the time of screening (1 (link), 2 (link)). The clinical data have been described previously and included chronic health conditions, laboratory data, ventilator parameters, PaO2/FiO2 ratio, and vasopressor use. Vasopressor use was defined as the use of dopamine at 6 mcg/kg/min or higher, or the use of other vasopressors including norepinephrine, vasopressin or epinephrine at any dose.
Liu K.D., Thompson B.T., Ancukiewicz M., Steingrub J.S., Douglas I.S., Matthay M.A., Wright P., Peterson M.W., Rock P., Hyzy R.C., Anzueto A, & Truwit J.D. (2011). Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Acute Lung Injury: Impact of Fluid Accumulation on Classification of Acute Kidney Injury and Associated Outcomes. Critical care medicine, 39(12), 2665-2671.
Publication 2011
Catheters Chronic Condition Dopamine Epinephrine Hormone, Antidiuretic Kidney Failure, Chronic Norepinephrine Patients Renal Replacement Therapy Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult Vasoconstrictor Agents
3
Adipocyte Differentiation and Thermogenic Activation
Cited 16 times
Immortalized progenitor cells were plated and grown in DMEM/H medium supplemented with 10% FBS (referred as day 0). For adipocyte differentiation, cell were grown for 6 days until reaching confluence (day 6), and then treated with the adipogenic induction medium as described above for 12 days (day 18). To further stimulate thermogenic program, fully differentiated cells were incubated with 10μM forskolin or 1 μM norepinephrine for 4 h. For BMPs and FGF21 pre-treatment, recombinant BMP7 (3.3 nM), BMP8 (3.3 nM), or FGF21 (50 nM) were added to undifferentiated cells in medium containing insulin (0.5 μM), T3 (2 nM) and 2% FBS for 6 days followed by adipogenic induction for 12 days. For BMPs and FGF21 post-treatment, fully differentiated adipocytes at day 18 were treated with recombinant BMP7 (3.3 nM), BMP8 (3.3 nM), or FGF21 (50 nM) in medium containing insulin (0.5 μM), T3 (2 nM) and 2% FBS for 2 days. We routinely check for mycoplasma contamination and all the cells used in this study are free of mycoplasma.
Xue R., Lynes M.D., Dreyfuss J.M., Shamsi F., Schulz T.J., Zhang H., Huang T.L., Townsend K.L., Li Y., Takahashi H., Weiner L.S., White A.P., Lynes M.S., Rubin L.L., Goodyear L.J., Cypess A.M, & Tseng Y.H. (2015). Clonal analyses and gene profiling identify genetic biomarkers of human brown and white preadipocyte thermogenic potential. Nature medicine, 21(7), 760-768.
Publication 2015
Adipocytes Adipogenesis Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 Bone Morphogenetic Proteins Cells Colforsin fibroblast growth factor 21 Insulin Mycoplasma Norepinephrine Pancreatic beta Cells Stem Cells Thermogenesis
4
Sepsis Fluid Resuscitation Protocol
Cited 15 times
This study was a restrictive observation study from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV version 0.4) database from 2008 to 2019 [24 ]. An individual who has finished the Collaborative Institutional Training Initiative examination (Certification number 35931520 for author Zhou) can access the database. This is a longitudinal, single-center database including 257,366 individuals and 196,527 adults, and 11,263 patients with sepsis (Defined by sepsis-3 criteria [1 (link)]). In our study, we extracted patients’ parameters containing age, gender, ethnic group, admission type, insurance condition, the first 24-h Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS) score, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, SpO2, total urine output during the first 24 h after ICU admission, lactate level, the use of vasopressors, weight, mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy (RRT), the stage of acute kidney injury (AKI), anamnesis (myocardial infarction, cancer, renal disease, cirrhosis and diabetes) and the type and volume of their fluid administration during the whole ICU stay. Vasopressors included norepinephrine, phenylephrine, epinephrine, vasopressin, dopamine, and dobutamine. For the antibiotics, Carbapenems (meropenem), Glycopeptide (vancomycin), β-lactams (ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, and cefepime), and Aminoglycosides (gentamicin and amikacin) were extracted into our analysis. In this study, types of administration for crystalloids and albumin including normal saline and lactated Ringer’s (LR) solution, while 5% and 25% HSA for colloids. The code of data extraction is available on Github (https://github.com/MIT-LCP/mimic-iv).
Adults patients (≥ 18 years) with sepsis and complete fluid administration records were screened in the analysis. The following exclusion criteria were used: (1) patients who have not received any crystalloids administration; (2) patients who received albumin longer than 24 h after the initiation of crystalloids administration or preceded the crystalloids. For patients who had ICU admission more than once, only data of the first ICU admission of the first hospital stay were included.
Zhou S., Zeng Z., Wei H., Sha T, & An S. (2021). Early combination of albumin with crystalloids administration might be beneficial for the survival of septic patients: a retrospective analysis from MIMIC-IV database. Annals of Intensive Care, 11, 42.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2021
Adult Aftercare Albumins Amikacin Aminoglycosides Antibiotics, Antitubercular Carbapenems Cefepime Cefotaxime Ceftriaxone Colloids Diabetes Mellitus Dobutamine Dopamine Epinephrine Ethnicity Gender Gentamicin Glycopeptides Hormone, Antidiuretic Immunologic Memory Intensive Care Kidney Diseases Kidney Failure, Acute Lactams Lactated Ringer's Solution Lactates Liver Cirrhosis Malignant Neoplasms Mechanical Ventilation Meropenem Myocardial Infarction Norepinephrine Normal Saline Patients Phenylephrine Rate, Heart Renal Replacement Therapy Respiratory Rate Saturation of Peripheral Oxygen Septicemia SKAP2 protein, human Solutions, Crystalloid Urine Vancomycin Vasoconstrictor Agents
5
Adipocyte Differentiation and Thermogenic Activation
Cited 15 times
Immortalized progenitor cells were plated and grown in DMEM/H medium supplemented with 10% FBS (referred as day 0). For adipocyte differentiation, cell were grown for 6 days until reaching confluence (day 6), and then treated with the adipogenic induction medium as described above for 12 days (day 18). To further stimulate thermogenic program, fully differentiated cells were incubated with 10μM forskolin or 1 μM norepinephrine for 4 h. For BMPs and FGF21 pre-treatment, recombinant BMP7 (3.3 nM), BMP8 (3.3 nM), or FGF21 (50 nM) were added to undifferentiated cells in medium containing insulin (0.5 μM), T3 (2 nM) and 2% FBS for 6 days followed by adipogenic induction for 12 days. For BMPs and FGF21 post-treatment, fully differentiated adipocytes at day 18 were treated with recombinant BMP7 (3.3 nM), BMP8 (3.3 nM), or FGF21 (50 nM) in medium containing insulin (0.5 μM), T3 (2 nM) and 2% FBS for 2 days. We routinely check for mycoplasma contamination and all the cells used in this study are free of mycoplasma.
Xue R., Lynes M.D., Dreyfuss J.M., Shamsi F., Schulz T.J., Zhang H., Huang T.L., Townsend K.L., Li Y., Takahashi H., Weiner L.S., White A.P., Lynes M.S., Rubin L.L., Goodyear L.J., Cypess A.M, & Tseng Y.H. (2015). Clonal analyses and gene profiling identify genetic biomarkers of human brown and white preadipocyte thermogenic potential. Nature medicine, 21(7), 760-768.
Publication 2015
Adipocytes Adipogenesis Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 Bone Morphogenetic Proteins Cells Colforsin fibroblast growth factor 21 Insulin Mycoplasma Norepinephrine Pancreatic beta Cells Stem Cells Thermogenesis

Most recents protocols related to «Norepinephrine»

1
Direct Analysis of Tissue Chemicals
Not available on PMC !

Example 16

Direct analysis of chemicals in animal tissue using probes of the invention was performed as shown in FIG. 29A. A small sections of tissue were removed and placed on a paper triangle. Methanol/water (1:1 v:v; 10 μl) was added to the paper as solvent and then 4.5 kV positive DC voltage was applied to produce the spray for MS analysis. Protonated hormone ions were observed for porcine adrenal gland tissue (1 mm3, FIG. 29B). FIG. 16 is a mass spectrum showing direct analysis of hormones in animal tissue by paper spray. A small piece of pig adrenal gland tissue (1 mm×1 mm×1 mm) was placed onto the paper surface, MeOH/water (1:1 v:v; 10 μl) was added and a voltage applied to the paper to produce a spray. The hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine were identified in the spectrum; at high mass the spectrum was dominated by phospolipid signals.

Lipid profiles were obtained for human prostate tissues (1 mm2×15 μm, FIGS. 29C and 29D) removed from the tumor and adjacent normal regions. Phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin (SM) were identified in the spectra. The peak of [PC(34:1)+K]+ at m/z 798 was significantly more intense in tumor tissue (FIG. 29C) and peaks [SM(34:1)+Na]+ at m/z 725, [SM(36:0)+Na]+ at m/z 756, and [SM(36:4)+Na]+ at m/z 804 were significantly lower compared with normal tissue (FIG. 29D).

US11867684B2. Sample dispenser including an internal standard and methods of use thereof (2024-01-09). Purdue Research Foundation [US]. Inventors: Zheng Ouyang [US], He Wang [US], Nicholas E. Manicke [US], Robert Graham Cooks [US], Qian Yang [US], Jiangjiang Liu [US].
Full text: Click here
Patent 2024
Adrenal Glands Animals Epinephrine Homo sapiens Hormones Ions Lipids Mass Spectrometry Methanol Neoplasms Norepinephrine Phosphatidylcholines Phospholipids Pigs Prostate Solvents Sphingomyelins Tissues
2
Renal Nerve Ablation: Sympathetic Reduction
Not available on PMC !

Example 1

This section describes an example of the outcome of renal neuromodulation on human patients. A total of 45 patients (mean age of 58±9 years) diagnosed with essential hypertension were treated with percutaneous, catheter based renal nerve ablation. Treatment included RF energy delivery to the renal artery using a single-electrode Symplicity Flex™ catheter commercially available from Medtronic, Inc., of 710 Medtronic Parkway, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55432-5604. In this human trial, a radiotracer dilution method was used to assess overflow of norepinephrine from the kidneys into circulation before and 15-30 days after the procedure in 10 patients. Bilateral renal-nerve ablation resulted in a marked reduction in mean norepinephrine spillover from both kidneys: 47% (95% confidence interval) one month after treatment.

In a similar human trial where bilateral renal nerve ablation was performed in 70 patients, whole-body norepinephrine levels (i.e., a measure of “total” sympathetic activity), fell by nearly 50% after renal nerve ablation and measurement of muscle sympathetic nerve activity showed a drop of 66% over 6 months, further supporting the conclusion that total sympathetic dive was reduced by the renal denervation procedure in this patient group.

US11865343B2. Methods for treating post-traumatic stress disorder in patients via renal neuromodulation (2024-01-09). Medtronic Ireland Manufacturing Unlimited Company [IE]. Inventors: Marcia Gallagher [IE], Douglas A. Hettrick [US].
Full text: Click here
Patent 2024
Aftercare Catheter Ablation, Percutaneous Catheters Essential Hypertension Homo sapiens Human Body Kidney Muscle Denervation Muscle Tissue Nervousness Norepinephrine Obstetric Delivery Patients Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Renal Artery Renal Circulation Technique, Dilution
3
Lung Transplant Outcomes Comparison
Statistical analyses were performed with R statistical software, version 3.4.4 (available online at http://www.r-project.org/). A p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. PGD grade 1 is questionably relevant clinically, therefore PGD grades were dichotomized into two groups and analyzed as follows: PGD 0—1 vs PGD 2—3. The Fischer exact test was performed with the data from each time point (0, 24, 48, 72 h) to analyze the association of dichotomized PGD in both groups. Serum albumin levels in both groups were measured before and after LuTx. Due to technical reasons, the preoperative serum albumin levels in 15 patients were not measured (9 patients in the non-POC group and 6 patients in the POC group). Postoperative serum albumin levels were completed for all patients in the study cohort.
The Horowitz index was calculated at each tracked time point (0, 24, 48, 72 h), and the measured values were evaluated with Welch’s two-sample t-test. The maximum level of norepinephrine (µg/kg/min) during the first 24 h after LuTx was compared in both groups using Welch’s two-sample t-test. Postoperative ICU stay and mechanical ventilation duration was recorded and analyzed by Wilcoxon tests. Moreover, 1-year survival in both study groups was followed and survival rates were compared using log-rank tests.
Vajter J., Vachtenheim J J.r., Prikrylova Z., Berousek J., Vymazal T., Lischke R., Martin A.K, & Durila M. (2023). Effect of targeted coagulopathy management and 5% albumin as volume replacement therapy during lung transplantation on allograft function: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. BMC Pulmonary Medicine, 23, 80.
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Publication 2023
Mechanical Ventilation Norepinephrine Patients Serum Albumin
4
Estimating Antidepressant Treatment Periods
We extracted information on filled antidepressant prescriptions from the Norwegian Prescription Database and the Danish National Prescription Register.19 (link),25 The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification code N06A was used to identify antidepressants. Antidepressants were divided into the following classes: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (ATC code N06AB), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (ATC code N06AX), and others (including any antidepressant other than selective serotonin or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors).
We estimated the expected duration of treatment for each prescription fill by using a simplified version of the prescription drug purchases to drug use period (PRE2DUP) method15 (link),27 (link) based on packaging parameters, leaflet information, and clinical guidelines for managing affective disorders requiring antidepressant treatment. The PRE2DUP method was used to calculate the end dates of each treatment course associated with each prescription based on the dispensation date and expected duration of treatment. The treatment courses were combined into antidepressant treatment periods if there was an overlap between more than 1 consecutive treatment. We defined antidepressant treatment status (yes or no) for 7-day intervals from 168 days (24 weeks) before pregnancy to 259 days (37 weeks) of gestation, totaling 61 weeks. For 4339 pregnancies (7.5%) with gestational age at delivery of less than 37 weeks, for each week from delivery to gestational week 37, treatment status was assigned the same value as the week before delivery.
Trinh N.T., Munk-Olsen T., Wray N.R., Bergink V., Nordeng H.M., Lupattelli A, & Liu X. (2023). Timing of Antidepressant Discontinuation During Pregnancy and Postpartum Psychiatric Outcomes in Denmark and Norway. JAMA Psychiatry, 80(5), 441-450.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
Antidepressive Agents Combined Modality Therapy Gestational Age Mood Disorders Norepinephrine Obstetric Delivery Pharmaceutical Preparations Pregnancy Prescription Drugs Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Serotonin Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors
5
Neuroimaging in Treatment-Resistant Depression
Before started antidepressant treatment, each participants underwent NIRS imaging. Antidepressants were empirically prescribed according to the clinical judgment of the treating psychiatrist. Three classes of antidepressants include tricyclic antidepressants, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were used.
Treatment resistant is defined as a poor response to at least two different classes of antidepressant trials with each trail in adequate dosages and duration (6 weeks) [23 (link)]. Specifically, after antidepressant treatment, patients who have less than 50% Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD, 24-item) [24 (link)] score reduction were considered as TRD patients and more than 50% were considered as non-TRD patients.
Sun J.J., Shen C.Y., Liu X.M, & Liu P.Z. (2023). Abnormal Prefrontal Brain Activation During a Verbal Fluency Task in Treatment-Resistant Depression Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Psychiatry Investigation, 20(2), 84-92.
Publication 2023
Antidepressive Agents Clinical Reasoning Norepinephrine Patients Psychiatrist Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared TNFSF10 protein, human Tricyclic Antidepressive Agents

Top products related to «Norepinephrine»

1
Norepinephrine by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, France, China, Italy, Canada
Norepinephrine is a laboratory product produced by Merck Group. It is a neurotransmitter and hormone that plays a role in the sympathetic nervous system. The core function of Norepinephrine is to regulate physiological processes such as heart rate, blood pressure, and pupil dilation.
2
Claycomb medium by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy
Claycomb medium is a cell culture medium designed for the growth and maintenance of cardiomyocytes, which are heart muscle cells. It is a specialized medium that provides the necessary nutrients and conditions for the optimal growth and development of these cells in vitro.
3
Noradrenaline by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, France, Australia
Noradrenaline is a lab equipment product manufactured by Merck Group. It is a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in the body's stress response system. Noradrenaline is used in various research and laboratory applications.
4
L glutamine by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Canada, Switzerland, Italy, Australia, Belgium, China, Japan, Austria, Spain, Brazil, Israel, Sweden, Ireland, Netherlands, Gabon, Macao, New Zealand, Holy See (Vatican City State), Portugal, Poland, Argentina, Colombia, India, Denmark, Singapore, Panama, Finland, Cameroon
L-glutamine is an amino acid that is commonly used as a dietary supplement and in cell culture media. It serves as a source of nitrogen and supports cellular growth and metabolism.
5
L glutamine by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, France, Switzerland, Australia, Spain, Belgium, Canada, China, Austria, Macao, Brazil, Poland, Japan, Ireland, Israel, Sao Tome and Principe, Denmark, Sweden, Netherlands, Czechia, Argentina, Hungary, Portugal, India, Singapore, Norway, Romania, New Zealand, Senegal
L-glutamine is a laboratory-grade amino acid that serves as a key component in cell culture media. It provides a source of nitrogen and energy for cellular metabolism, supporting the growth and proliferation of cells in vitro.
6
Fetal bovine serum (fbs) by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, China, United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, Japan, Canada, Italy, France, Switzerland, New Zealand, Brazil, Belgium, India, Spain, Israel, Austria, Poland, Ireland, Sweden, Macao, Netherlands, Denmark, Cameroon, Singapore, Portugal, Argentina, Holy See (Vatican City State), Morocco, Uruguay, Mexico, Thailand, Sao Tome and Principe, Hungary, Panama, Hong Kong, Norway, United Arab Emirates, Czechia, Russian Federation, Chile, Moldova, Republic of, Gabon, Palestine, State of, Saudi Arabia, Senegal
Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.
7
Acetylcholine by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Sao Tome and Principe, Spain, France, China, Switzerland, Macao
Acetylcholine is a chemical compound that functions as a neurotransmitter in the body. It plays a crucial role in the transmission of signals between nerve cells and muscle cells, as well as within the central nervous system.
8
Fetal bovine serum (fbs) by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, Italy, China, Macao, Switzerland, France, Canada, Sao Tome and Principe, Spain, Australia, Ireland, Poland, Belgium, Denmark, India, Sweden, Israel, Austria, Brazil, Czechia, Netherlands, Portugal, Norway, Holy See (Vatican City State), New Zealand, Hungary, Senegal, Argentina, Thailand, Singapore, Ukraine, Mexico
FBS, or Fetal Bovine Serum, is a commonly used cell culture supplement. It is derived from the blood of bovine fetuses and provides essential growth factors, hormones, and other nutrients to support the growth and proliferation of a wide range of cell types in vitro.
9
Penicillin streptomycin by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Canada, France, Japan, Australia, Switzerland, Israel, Italy, Belgium, Austria, Spain, Gabon, Ireland, New Zealand, Sweden, Netherlands, Denmark, Brazil, Macao, India, Singapore, Poland, Argentina, Cameroon, Uruguay, Morocco, Panama, Colombia, Holy See (Vatican City State), Hungary, Norway, Portugal, Mexico, Thailand, Palestine, State of, Finland, Moldova, Republic of, Jamaica, Czechia
Penicillin/streptomycin is a commonly used antibiotic solution for cell culture applications. It contains a combination of penicillin and streptomycin, which are broad-spectrum antibiotics that inhibit the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
10
Dopamine by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, China, Sao Tome and Principe, France, United Kingdom, Italy, Belgium, Canada
Dopamine is a laboratory reagent used in various biochemical and analytical applications. It is a naturally occurring neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in the human body. Dopamine is often used as a standard in the measurement and analysis of compounds with similar chemical structures and properties.

More about "Norepinephrine"

Norepinephrine, also known as noradrenaline, is a crucial catecholamine neurotransmitter and hormone in the sympathetic nervous system.
It plays a vital role in regulating various physiological processes, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiration, and metabolism.
Norepinephrine is synthesized from the amino acid tyrosine and is released by adrenergic neurons and the adrenal medulla.
Norepinephrine binds to and activates alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors, leading to a wide range of effects on the cardiovascular, endocrine, and central nervous systems.
Dysregulation of norepinephrine signaling has been implicated in numerous neurological and psychiatric disorders, making it an important target for pharmacological interventions.
Researchers can optimize their norepinephine research using PubCompare.ai, a powerful tool that enhances reproducibility and accuracy.
This AI-driven platform helps researchers locate protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, and provides AI-driven comparisons to identify the best protocols and products.
By using PubCompare.ai, researchers can minimize errors and maximize insights in their norepinephrine studies.
In addition to norepinephrine, other related terms and substances that may be relevant to researchers include Claycomb medium (a culture medium for cardiomyocytes), noradrenaline (the European term for norepinephrine), L-glutamine (an essential amino acid), FBS (fetal bovine serum, a common cell culture supplement), acetylcholine (another neurotransmitter), and penicillin/streptomycin (antibiotics used in cell culture).
Optimizing the use of these tools and substances can help researchers achieve more accurate and reproducible results in their norepinephrine-related studies.