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Optoquine

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Most cited protocols related to «Optoquine»

1
Pneumococcal Disease Surveillance Methods
Cited 10 times
The surveillance methods used in our population-based study have been described previously.10 (link) In brief, nurses assessed all individuals who presented as an outpatient or who were admitted to one of the six health facilities in the study area (Basse, Gambissara, Demba Kunda, Fatoto, Garawol, and Koina). Enrolment involved standardised screening of patients for referral to a clinician in Basse. Clinicians used standardised criteria to identify patients with suspected pneumonia, sepsis, or meningitis, and requested blood culture, lumbar puncture, or chest radiography according to protocol (appendix pp 7–9, 17). Aspiration of pleural fluid of lung aspiration was performed for patients with a pleural effusion or dense peripheral consolidation radiologically. We defined invasive pneumococcal disease as suspected pneumonia, sepsis, or meningitis with isolation. Vaccine failure was defined as invasive pneumococcal disease following two or more doses of PCV covering the homologous serotype, given more than 14 days before the event.11 (link), 12 (link) Weight was recorded on a digital scale (TANITA, Arlington Heights, IL, USA) and height with a ShorrBoard (Weigh and Measure, Olney, MD, USA). Rapid malaria tests (ICT Diagnostics, Cape Town, South Africa) were done on all patients with suspected pneumonia, sepsis, or meningitis from August to December (the malaria transmission season) each year and in a 10% random sample from January to July each year. This random sample was chosen by random selection of the final digit of the patients' surveillance identity number (0–9) and during the dry season any patient whose identity number ended in zero had a malaria test. Samples were not collected between Oct 5 and Nov 3, 2010, when the field station flooded.
Blood, lung aspirate, cerebrospinal fluid, pleural fluid, and other microbiological samples were processed in Basse using conventional microbiological culture and identification techniques.13 (link)
S pneumoniae was identified by morphology and optochin sensitivity. All pneumococcal isolates were confirmed at the WHO Regional Reference Laboratory (MRC Fajara, The Gambia), and serotyped with a latex agglutination assay using factor and group-specific antisera (Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark). Serotypes 6A and 6B were differentiated from 6C by PCR.14 (link) Serotyping of 10% of isolates was repeated at the National Institute for Communicable Diseases in South Africa (Johannesburg, South Africa). The laboratories in Basse and Fajara submitted to external quality assurance throughout the study (UK National External Quality Assessment Service [Sheffield, UK], the WHO Reference Laboratory in Denmark, and the Royal Australasian College of Pathologists [Sydney, Australia]).
Mackenzie G.A., Hill P.C., Jeffries D.J., Hossain I., Uchendu U., Ameh D., Ndiaye M., Adeyemi O., Pathirana J., Olatunji Y., Abatan B., Muhammad B.S., Fombah A.E., Saha D., Plumb I., Akano A., Ebruke B., Ideh R.C., Kuti B., Githua P., Olutunde E., Ofordile O., Green E., Usuf E., Badji H., Ikumapayi U.N., Manjang A., Salaudeen R., Nsekpong E.D., Jarju S., Antonio M., Sambou S., Ceesay L., Lowe-Jallow Y., Jasseh M., Mulholland K., Knoll M., Levine O.S., Howie S.R., Adegbola R.A., Greenwood B.M, & Corrah T. (2016). Effect of the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on invasive pneumococcal disease in The Gambia: a population-based surveillance study. The Lancet. Infectious Diseases, 16(6), 703-711.
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Publication 2016
Agglutination Tests Biological Assay BLOOD Blood Culture Cerebrospinal Fluid Communicable Diseases Diagnosis Hypersensitivity Immune Sera isolation Latex Latex Fixation Tests Lung Malaria Meningitis Nurses Optoquine Outpatients Pathologists Patients Pleura Pleura, Visceral Pleural Effusion Pneumococcal Infections Pneumonia Pneumonias, Pneumococcal Punctures, Lumbar Radiography, Thoracic Septicemia Serum Streptococcus pneumoniae Test, Quick Transmission, Communicable Disease Vaccines
2
Longitudinal pneumococcal carriage in children
Cited 10 times

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Publication 2015
Acclimatization Acids Agar BLOOD Capsule Charcoal Child Colistin Ethics Committees, Research Europeans Genome Legal Guardians Nasopharynx Nucleotides Optoquine Outpatients penciclovir Phenotype Pneumonia Psychological Inhibition Pulmonal S rayon Vaccine, Pneumococcal Polysaccharide
3
Pneumococcus Serotyping Protocol
Cited 8 times
Conventional methods were used to identify and serotype the pneumococci carried in the samples. Sample aliquots were thawed and mixed, and 50 μl was used to conduct a viable count by serial dilution and plating on selective medium (HBA plates containing 5 μg/ml gentamicin). After 36–44 h of incubation at 35–37°C in 5% CO2, up to 120 well-separated alpha-haemolytic colonies were randomly selected. To do this, the culture plate was evenly divided into eight sections, and a section was chosen from a previously prepared random list. The outermost colony in the designated sector was then picked and designated the “first” colony. The remaining colonies on the whole plate were then picked. If not all of these colonies were required, sections were prioritised from a list of randomly generated numbers. If not all the colonies in a particular section were required, the operator selected colonies from the outer edge of the plate working towards the centre. Throughout the random colony selection process, only well-separated alpha-haemolytic colonies were chosen. An example of each morphological variant was also subcultured if not chosen during random selection. Selected colonies were then subcultured onto HBA plates. Subcultured colonies underwent pneumococcal identification using optochin, and then bile and Phadebact Pneumococcus (MKL Diagnostics) tests, as appropriate. Pneumococcal isolates were serotyped by Quellung reaction and/or latex agglutination (see below). Latex agglutination was conducted using the Denka Seiken kit [23 (link)] according to the manufacturer’s instructions [24 ], except that we used 15 μl of reagent for each test. If all reactions were negative, testing was repeated using 30 μl. For the 72 tests not included in the Denka Seiken kit (seven types [13, 37, 42, 43, 44, 45, and 48] and 65 factors), we used latex reagents prepared in house [25 (link),26 (link)] using antisera from Statens Serum Institut (SSI) Diagnostica. A negative control reagent was prepared using normal rabbit serum (Antibodies Australia). Pneumococcal isolates were serotyped by Quellung reaction [27 ,28 (link)] using polyclonal antisera from the SSI.
The primary colony (i.e., the first randomly selected colony for which a serotype was obtained) was serotyped with both the Quellung reaction and latex agglutination. Subsequent colonies were serotyped with latex agglutination, using the minimum number of reactions needed to confirm whether the serotype was the same. Any different serotypes detected were fully serotyped by latex agglutination and Quellung reaction. Laboratory staff were fully blinded during sample processing and participated in an external quality assurance program during the course of the project (RCPA Quality Assurance Program; http://www.rcpaqap.com.au).
When used to examine spiked samples, the reference method had no false positives and four false negatives (serotypes 14 and 23F were not detected once, and 6B not detected twice), all occurring when the target was present as a minor serotype.
Satzke C., Dunne E.M., Porter B.D., Klugman K.P, & Mulholland E.K. (2015). The PneuCarriage Project: A Multi-Centre Comparative Study to Identify the Best Serotyping Methods for Examining Pneumococcal Carriage in Vaccine Evaluation Studies. PLoS Medicine, 12(11), e1001903.
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Publication 2015
Antibodies Bile Diagnosis Gentamicin Hemolysis Immune Sera Latex Latex Fixation Tests Optoquine Rabbits Serum Streptococcus pneumoniae Technique, Dilution Vaccine, Pneumococcal Polysaccharide
4
Pneumococcal Colonization Detection Protocol
Cited 8 times
NPS were collected according to the WHO pneumococcal colonization detection protocol [24] , [25] (link). Briefly, a Dacron-tipped swab (Medical Wire & Equipment) was used to sample the nasopharynx and the tip was excised immediately into a cryovial containing 1ml skim milk-tryptone-glucose-glycerol (STGG) medium. NPS-STGG specimens were transferred to the laboratory in a cool box and frozen at −80°C until culture, within eight hours of collection. Ten microliters of thawed STGG was cultured onto sheep blood-CNA agar (bioMerieux) and incubated overnight at 36°C in 5% CO2. Morphologically distinct alpha-hemolytic colonies were sub-cultured onto plain sheep blood agar. In the absence of morphologic variation, two representative colonies were sub-cultured. S. pneumoniae was identified by colonial morphology and optochin disc susceptibility (Oxoid). Isolates with reduced optochin disc zone diameters (7–13 mm) were confirmed as pneumococci by the bile solubility test [26] . Pneumococci were serotyped by latex agglutination with Quellung confirmation if this was equivocal [27] (link), [28] (link). Serotype 6C was identified by PCR [29] (link). Isolates found to be non-typeable (NT) by latex agglutination were confirmed by bile solubility and absence of capsular swelling with Omniserum (SSI Diagnostica) [30] .
Turner P., Turner C., Jankhot A., Helen N., Lee S.J., Day N.P., White N.J., Nosten F, & Goldblatt D. (2012). A Longitudinal Study of Streptococcus pneumoniae Carriage in a Cohort of Infants and Their Mothers on the Thailand-Myanmar Border. PLoS ONE, 7(5), e38271.
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Publication 2012
Agar Bile Blood Culture Capsule Dacron Freezing Glucose Glycerin Hemolysis Latex Fixation Tests Medical Devices Milk Nasopharynx Optoquine Sheep Streptococcus pneumoniae Susceptibility, Disease
5
Seasonal Nasopharyngeal Carriage Prevalence
Cited 8 times
We did a cross-sectional survey of nasopharyngeal carriage prevalence among healthy subjects of all ages during the dry season and repeated it three months later in the rainy season in the same individuals. The sampling frame for the study was the population register of the Kilifi Demographic Surveillance System (DSS). The DSS began in 2000 with a population census of all households within a predefined area of 891 km2 surrounding Kilifi District Hospital. Vital status was subsequently updated in the population register by questionnaires administered at household visits conducted approximately twice a year. In 2005 Kilifi DSS was admitted to the INDEPTH network (www.indepth-network.net) a network of DSS sites with common data reporting standards. In January 2003 the population register numbered 220 000 individuals and we used this register to generate lists of randomly selected individuals within 64 age-sex-location strata aiming to recruit 480 individuals, 7-8 from each stratum. The strata were composites of two sexes, 4 locations and 8 age groups (<1, 1-2, 3-4, 5-9, 10-19, 20-39, 40-49, ≥50 years.) For logistic reasons we restricted selection to two semi-urban locations from township settings (Kilifi, Roka) and two rural locations (Marere, Pinglikani). In Kilifi District Hib vaccine was introduced into the routine childhood immunization program in 2001. At 12 months of age 87% of children have received three doses of the vaccine [14 (link)]. Pneumococcal carriage prevalence is higher among HIV-infected than HIV-uninfected individuals [15 (link)], however, we chose not to test study subjects for HIV status because the prevalence of HIV in Coastal Kenya is low at 4.8% in men and 6.6% in women [16 ].
In Kilifi there is a long rainy season in May-July and a short rainy season in October-November. The climate between January and March is very dry. To select dates for our rainy and dry season surveys we aggregated daily rainfall data from a meteorologic recording station at Kilifi Agricultural Research Institute in Kilifi town into weekly rainfall means for the preceding 10 years, 1994-2003. The dates of sampling selected were 2-24 March 2004 and 2 June-3 July 2004. The survey in the rainy season took longer to conduct because the rains impeded transport throughout the study area.
A nasopharyngeal specimen was collected from each consenting individual by trained field workers according to the WHO guidelines [17 (link)]. A rayon-tipped flexible aluminium-shaft (Medical Wire and Equipment Company, Town, UK) was passed via the anterior nares to the posterior nasopharynx to a depth predefined by the external distance from the tip of the nose to the external auditory canal. It was left in place for approximately 2 seconds and rotated through 180 degrees before removal. Swabs were immediately placed in STGG transport medium and transported to the laboratory within 8 hours. Putative risk factors for nasopharyngeal colonization, including cigarette smoking, coryza in the last two weeks, use of antibiotics or folate synthesis inhibitors (sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine or sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim) in the preceding two weeks and number of children aged <5 years resident in the house, were ascertained by questionnaire at the same time. Those who had taken medications were asked to remember the name, describe the package and, if possible, produce the package for verification.
STGG swab specimens were processed at the Wellcome Trust/Kenya Medical Research Institute microbiology laboratories according to the WHO guidelines [17 (link)] either immediately (fresh) or after a period of freezing at -80°C for up to two months. Fresh or thoroughly thawed specimens were vortexed for 10 seconds and 10μl was inoculated directly onto 7% horse blood agar with gentamicin 2.5 μg/ml and 7% chocolate agar. Media were incubated overnight at 37°C in 5% CO2. S. pneumoniae was identified by colony morphology, α-haemolysis, optochin susceptibility, bile solubility and serotyping. Four morphologically distinct colonies were sub-cultured for typing from each primary plate. Pneumococci were serogrouped by latex agglutination and serotyped by the Quellung reaction using polyclonal rabbit antisera (Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark). Haemophilus species were identified by growth on chocolate agar alone, colony morphology, X and V factor dependency and serotype. Swabs from children aged <5 years were also cultured on media containing Hib antiserum to increase the sensitivity of detection of Hib carriage by identification of precipitation haloes [18 (link)]. Serotype results for H. influenzae isolates were confirmed in England by polymerase chain reaction-based capsular genotyping using primers designed to amplify the type-specific regions of the cap loci in each of the 6 (a-f) capsular types [Falla 1994]. [19 ]
STATA (version 8.2) was used for statistical analyses. The prevalence of nasopharyngeal carriage of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae was presented as proportions of individuals in different age, sex and location strata. The effect of season on carriage was calculated as a matched odds ratio and tested with McNemar’s χ2 tests. Logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors for carriage entering subject identity as a random effect to take account of the correlation of response variables from the same individual in the two surveys. The contribution of each variable to the model was determined by Likelihood Ratio Tests and only those with a p value <0.05 were retained in the final model except for age, in 8 strata, which was retained as an a priori confounder.
The study was approved by the Kenya Medical Research Institute/National Ethical Review Committee and The Oxford Tropical Research Ethics Committee and written informed consent was obtained for all participants.
Abdullahi O., Nyiro J., Lewa P., Slack M, & Scott J.A. (2008). The descriptive epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae nasopharyngeal carriage in children and adults in Kilifi District, Kenya. The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 27(1), 59-64.
Publication 2008
Agar Age Groups Aluminum Anabolism Antibiotics Bile BLOOD Cacao Capsule Child Climate Common Cold Culture Media Equus caballus Ethical Review Ethics Committees, Research External Auditory Canals Folic Acid Antagonists Gentamicin Haemophilus influenzae Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide vaccine Healthy Volunteers Hemolysis Hemophilus Households Hypersensitivity Immune Sera Immunization Programs Latex Fixation Tests Nasopharynx Neoplasm Metastasis Nose Oligonucleotide Primers Optoquine Pharmaceutical Preparations Polymerase Chain Reaction Pulmonal S Rabbits Rain rayon Reading Frames Serum Streptococcus pneumoniae sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine Susceptibility, Disease Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination Vaccine, Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccines Woman Workers

Most recents protocols related to «Optoquine»

1
Nasopharyngeal Swab Sampling and Pneumococcus Identification

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Publication 2023
Agar Agglutination Tests Atmosphere Bacteria BLOOD Clinical Laboratory Services Dacron Diagnosis Domestic Sheep Epiphyseal Cartilage Freezing Gentamicin Hemolysis Nasopharynx Optoquine Psychological Inhibition Pulmonal S Sterility, Reproductive Vision
2
Comprehensive Oropharyngeal Microbiota Screening
Material from tonsillar crypts were taken, placed, and transported in AMIES transport medium at room temperature within 24 h and cultivated on two Columbia blood agar plates with and without optochin disk, Brucella blood agar, Chocolate agar with oleandomycin disc, Mannitol salt agar, MacConkey agar, and Sabouraud dextrose agar plates. Columbia blood agar, Mannitol salt agar, MacConkey agar, and Sabouraud dextrose agar plates were incubated at 36 ± 1 °C for 24–48 h aerobically. A Brucella blood agar plate was incubated in a BD GasPak™EZ pouch system at 36 ± 1 °C for up to five days. A Columbia blood agar plate with an optochin disc incubated in a CO2 incubator at 36 ± 1 °C for 24–48 h was used for the cultivation of Streptococcus pneumoniae. A Chocolate agar plate with an oleandomycin disc incubated in a CO2 incubator at 36 ± 1 °C for 24–48 h was used for the cultivation of Haemophylus spp. We took note of the common oropharyngeal microbiota as described by the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases [16 ]. Microorganisms that are not part of the common oropharyngeal microbiota were considered as potential pathogens. The identification of the considered pathogens was performed using a Microflex LT (Bruker Daltonics flex Analysis version 3.4, Bruker Daltonics GmbH & Co. KG, Bremen, Germany) matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time-of-flight mass spectrometer (MALDI–TOF MS) system.
Viksne R., Racenis K., Broks R., Balode A.O., Kise L, & Kroica J. (2023). In Vitro Assessment of Biofilm Production, Antibacterial Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter spp. Obtained from Tonsillar Crypts of Healthy Adults. Microorganisms, 11(2), 258.
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Publication 2023
Agar Blood Brucella Cacao CFC1 protein, human Communicable Diseases Europeans Glucose Mannitol Microbial Community Oleandomycin Optoquine Oropharynxs Palatine Tonsil pathogenesis Sodium Chloride, Dietary Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization Streptococcus pneumoniae
3
Temporal Trends of S. pneumoniae Isolates

S. pneumoniae isolates identified and frozen at -80°C during daily work at the Medical Laboratory Department of the Children’s Hospital in Xinjiang Urumqi from 2014 to 2021 were recovered and re-identified by optochin test, bile solubility test, and capsule swelling test (Satzke et al., 2013 (link)). The isolates should be cultured from various children. According to the start year of PCV13 administration (2017) and COVID-19 control (2020), the study period was divided into three stages: 2014–2015, 2018–2019, and 2020–2021.
This retrospective study did not record the information that can confirm the identity of the children or their guardians. Informed consent was not required, and this was approved by the hospital ethics committee (2017-142).
Guo M.Y., Shi X.H., Gao W., Tian J.L., Yuan L., Yang J., Wumaier D., Cao J., Abulimiti R., Zhang W.L, & Yao K.H. (2023). The dynamic change of serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pneumococcal isolates since PCV13 administration and COVID-19 control in Urumqi, China. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 13, 1110652.
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Publication 2023
Bile Capsule Child COVID 19 Ethics Committees, Clinical Freezing Legal Guardians Optoquine Streptococcus pneumoniae
4
Biochemical Profiling of Bacterial Isolates
Cited 1 time
Biochemical reactions of the isolates were tested using the VITEK 2 system (bioMérieux) following the manufacturer’s instructions. In brief, pure colonies of each strain were cultured in TSA and suspended in sterile saline (0.45% NaCl) to a turbidity of McFarland 0.5–0.63. Bacteria were then injected into gram-positive (GP) cards, (bioMérieux) in order to conduct 42 biochemical tests using the following copmpounds: (AGAL = alpha-galactosidase; ADH1 = arginine dihydrolase; ADH2S = arginine dihydrolase; AGAL = alpha-galactosidase; AGLU = alpha-glucosidase; ALAA = alanine arylamidase; AMAN = alpha-mannosidase; AMY = amygdalin; APPA = ala-phe-pro arylamidase; ASPA = L-aspartic acid arylamidase; BACI = bacitracin resistance; BGAL = beta-galactosidase; BGUR = beta-glucorinidase; BGURR = beta glucorinidase; CDEX = alpha-cyclodextrin; DGAL = galactose; DMAL = maltose; DMAN = mannitol; DMNE = mannose; DRAF = raffinose; DRIB = ribose; DSOR = sorbitol; DTRE = trehalose; DXYL = xylose; LAC = lactose; LEUA = L-leucine arylamidase; LLATK = lactate; MBDG = methyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside; NAG = N-acetyl-glucosamine; NC6.5 = growth in 6.5 NaCl; NOVO = novobiocin resistance; O129R = O/129 resistance; OPTO = optochin resistance; PHOS = alkaline phosphatase; PIPLC = phosphatidylinositol-phospholipase C; POLYB = polymyxin B; PROA = pro arylamidase beta-glucuronidase; PUL = pullulan; PYRA = L-pyroglutamic acid arylamidase; SAC = sucrose; SAL = salicin; TYRA = tyrosine arylamidase; URE = urease). Results of this identification procedure were used to generate a phylogenetic tree using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) on the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis X (MEGA X) software (version 10.0.5).
Kim S.H., Chon J.W., Jeong H.W., Song K.Y., Kim D.H., Bae D., Kim H, & Seo K.H. (2023). Identification and phylogenetic analysis of Enterococcus isolates using MALDI-TOF MS and VITEK 2. AMB Express, 13, 21.
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Publication 2023
1-(N-dimethyl)amino-7-naphthol Acetylglucosamine Alanine alanylphenylalanine alanylproline Alkaline Phosphatase alpha-cyclodextrin alpha-Galactosidases alpha Glucosidase alpha Mannosidase Aman Amygdalin arginine deiminase Aspartic Acid Bacitracin Bacteria beta-Glucuronidase Biological Evolution diadenosine pyrophosphate Evolution, Molecular Galactose GLB1 protein, human Lactates Lactose Leucine Maltose Mannitol Mannose Novobiocin O 129 Optoquine PLCG1 protein, human Polymyxin B pullulan Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid Raffinose Ribose salicin Saline Solution Sodium Chloride Sorbitol Sterility, Reproductive Strains Sucrose Trehalose Tyrosine Urease Xylose
5
Penicillin-resistant Pneumococcus Isolation
Twenty-six penicillin non-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae were isolated by culturing nasopharyngeal swabs obtained from healthy HIV infected adults in Tanzania as part of the randomized clinical trial CoTrimResist (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03087890, registered on 23rd March, 2017). The study population and bacterial isolates have been described previously [18 (link)]. Streptococcus pneumoniae was identified by conventional methods including optochin disk and bile susceptibility and further confirmation was done by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS), using the Microflex LT instrument and MALDI Biotyper 3.1 software (Bruker Daltonics, Bremen, Germany). Isolates with discordant results between MALDI-TOF and conventional identification with optochin disk and bile susceptibility were omitted.
Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae was performed by latex agglutination (Immulex™ Pneumotest Kit; SSI Diagnostica A/S, Hillerød, Denmark).
Manyahi J., Moyo S.J., Langeland N, & Blomberg B. (2023). Genetic determinants of macrolide and tetracycline resistance in penicillin non-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from people living with HIV in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials, 22, 16.
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Publication 2023
Adult Bacteria Bile Latex Fixation Tests Nasopharynx Optoquine Penicillins Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization Streptococcus pneumoniae Susceptibility, Disease

Top products related to «Optoquine»

1
Optochin disc by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United Kingdom, France
Optochin Discs are a type of laboratory equipment used for the identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae. They contain a chemical compound called optochin, which inhibits the growth of this specific bacterium. The discs are placed on a culture medium inoculated with a bacterial sample, and the presence or absence of a zone of inhibition around the disc is used to determine whether the sample contains Streptococcus pneumoniae.
2
Macconkey agar by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United Kingdom, United States, Germany, Italy, India, Canada, Poland, France, Australia, Spain, Belgium
MacConkey agar is a selective and differential culture medium used for the isolation and identification of Gram-negative enteric bacteria, particularly members of the Enterobacteriaceae family. It inhibits the growth of Gram-positive bacteria while allowing the growth of Gram-negative bacteria.
3
Chocolate agar by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United Kingdom, United States, Germany, China
Chocolate agar is a microbiological culture medium used for the isolation and cultivation of fastidious microorganisms, particularly Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria species. It is prepared by adding defibrinated blood to a base agar, which gives the medium a characteristic chocolate-brown color. Chocolate agar supports the growth of these organisms by providing necessary growth factors and nutrients.
4
Blood agar by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United Kingdom, United States, Germany, France, Spain
Blood agar is a type of microbiological growth medium used for the cultivation and identification of a wide range of bacteria. It is composed of nutrient agar that has been supplemented with 5-10% defibrinated animal blood, typically sheep or horse blood. The blood agar supports the growth of fastidious microorganisms and allows for the observation of hemolytic reactions, which can be useful in the differentiation and identification of bacterial species.
5
Specific antisera by Statens Serum Institut
Sourced in Denmark
Specific antisera are laboratory reagents used to identify and characterize biological samples. They contain antibodies that specifically bind to target antigens, enabling the detection and analysis of those target analytes. The core function of specific antisera is to provide a reliable and sensitive tool for researchers and clinicians to investigate the presence and characteristics of various biological molecules or pathogens.
6
Optochin by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United Kingdom
Optochin is a laboratory device used to assist in the identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae. It functions by detecting the susceptibility or resistance of bacterial isolates to optochin, which is a chemical compound. This information helps in the differentiation and classification of Streptococcus species.
7
Optochin sensitivity test by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United Kingdom
The Optochin sensitivity test is a laboratory procedure used to differentiate between Streptococcus pneumoniae and other Streptococcus species. The test involves exposing bacterial isolates to the chemical compound optochin and observing the growth inhibition response. This helps to identify and confirm the presence of S. pneumoniae in clinical samples.
8
Columbia agar by bioMérieux
Sourced in France, Poland, United Kingdom, Germany, Spain
Columbia agar is a general-purpose microbiological growth medium used for the cultivation of a wide range of aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria. It provides the necessary nutrients and growth factors to support the growth of a diverse range of bacterial species.
9
Standard antisera by Statens Serum Institut
Sourced in Denmark
Standard antisera are laboratory reagents that contain antibodies specific to certain antigens. These antisera are used to identify and characterize various biological samples in research and diagnostic applications.
10
Etest by bioMérieux
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Etest is a quantitative antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) method developed by bioMérieux. It provides minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for specific antimicrobial agents. Etest utilizes a predefined antimicrobial gradient on a plastic strip to determine the MIC of a tested microorganism.

More about "Optoquine"

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