Log In Sign up
The largest database of trusted experimental protocols
> Chemicals & Drugs > Organic Chemical > Osteum

Osteum

Osteum is a powerful AI-driven platform that helps researchers optimize their experimental protocols.
Designed by PubCompare.ai, Osteum enables users to easily locate and compare protocols from a vast database of literature, preprints, and patents.
By leveraging advanced AI techniques, Osteum identifies the best protocols and products to meet your specific research needs, streamlining your workflow and enhancing the efficiency of your experiments.
With Osteum, researchers can save time, reduce costs, and improve the quality of their findings.

Most cited protocols related to «Osteum»

1
Nasal Swab Collection for Analysis
Cited 1 time
Sterile cotton swabs were used for sample collection. The sample was obtained by rotating the swabs gently for five times on both nares of the study participants so that the tip is entirely at the nasal osteum level and it was transported to the laboratory using Stuart transport media.
Shibabaw A., Abebe T, & Mihret A. (2013). Nasal carriage rate of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Dessie Referral Hospital Health Care Workers; Dessie, Northeast Ethiopia. Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control, 2, 25.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2013
Gossypium Nose osteum Specimen Collection Sterility, Reproductive
2
Surgical Management of Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis
Cited 1 time
This retrospective study includes all the patients with the diagnosis of bisphosphonates-related osteonecrosis of the maxilla and maxillary sinusitis that were operated in our department between 2007 and 2011. Patients without maxillary sinusitis, without a diagnosis consistent with BP-ONJ or with history of radiation therapy to the jaws were excluded. Data was collected using the hospital information system.
All patients underwent surgery in general anesthesia after two days of preoperative intravenous antibiotic therapy with penicillin and metronidazole. Microbiological samples are taken at the time of initial contact with the patient and at the time of surgery when purulent drainage was visible. After elevating a mucoperiosteal flap using a crestal incision including areas of exposed bone, all the affected bone was removed with Luehr forceps and round burrs. Teeth in contact with the affected bone were removed, sharp bony edges rounded. After removal of the necrotic bone and thus opening of the maxillary sinus, polypoid mucosa was removed and the sinus was rinsed with iodine solution and xylometazoline. The sinus was endoscopically inspected. If the natural osteum was obstructed, it was widened with Weil’s forceps. The wound was closed using a multilayer technique previously described for the mandible and adapted for the maxilla [16 (link)]. In this technique, after slitting of the vestibular periosteum, its mobile part is quilted under the palatinal mucosa with absorbable backstitches. A second layer of absorbable backstitches is used to align the wound edges to one level and tighten the closure. A running suture brings the mucosal edges together and closes the wound (Figs. 1 and 2).

Schematic drawing of the technique

Clinical example of the necrosotomy and wound closure

Postoperatively, patients were fed via a nasogastric feeding tube for five days. Intravenous antibiotic treatment was continued until discharging the patient after 6 days. Until removal of sutures 18–21 days postoperatively, patients were asked to only eat soft food, avoid blowing their noses and use xylometazoline nasal spray and inhalation with natural brine and chlorhexidine mouthwash frequently.
Postoperative controls were carried out for removal of sutures and then every six months. When recall in our unit was not feasible (e.g. distant place of residence) controls were carried out by the local dentist.
Voss P.J., Vargas Soto G., Schmelzeisen R., Izumi K., Stricker A., Bittermann G, & Poxleitner P. (2016). Sinusitis and oroantral fistula in patients with bisphosphonate-associated necrosis of the maxilla. Head & Face Medicine, 12, 3.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2016
Anesthesia Antibiotics Bone Necrosis Bones brine Chlorhexidine Dentist Diagnosis Drainage Food Forceps General Anesthesia Inhalation Intravenous Infusion Iodine Jaw Mandible Maxilla Maxillary Sinus Maxillary Sinusitis Mental Recall Metronidazole Mouthwashes Mucous Membrane Nasal Sprays Neoadjuvant Therapy Nose Operative Surgical Procedures Osteonecrosis, Bisphosphonate-Associated osteum Patients Penicillins Periosteum Radiotherapy Sinuses, Nasal Surgical Flaps Sutures Tooth Tube Feeding Vestibular Labyrinth Wounds xylometazoline
3
Renal Allograft Vessel Inspection and Transplantation
Renal allograft vessels are inspected for any atherosclerotic plaque occluding the osteum either partially or completely. When atheroma was present at the renal artery osteum Carrel's aortic patch was not used. Usually, the left renal allograft vessels were anastomosed to common iliac vessels. After opening, vascular clamp hemostasis was secured. The second transplant is performed distal to the first allograft. Usually, the right renal allograft vessels were anastomosed to external iliac vessels. Both ureters were implanted individually into the bladder by modified Lich's method [Figures 1–4].
Cold ischemia time was defined as time since aortic clamping and starting of perfusion by chilled perfusion fluid solution till the time of opening of vascular clamps during recipient surgery. Delayed graft function was defined as need for dialysis in first week after transplantation. Induction immunosuppressant regime was based on cyclosporine in first five cases of transplantation from heart-beating brain-dead donors, and, antithymoglobulin in all others. Maintenance immunosuppressant regime was based on cyclosporine/tacrolimus, steroids, and mycofenolate mofetil in all patients.
Modi P., Rizvi J., Pal B., Trivedi H., Shah V., Modi M, & Vanikar A. (2011). Dual kidney transplantation from expanded criteria deceased donors: Initial experience from single center. Indian Journal of Urology : IJU : Journal of the Urological Society of India, 27(1), 30-33.
Publication 2011
Allografts Aorta Atheroma Blood Vessel Brain Death Cyclosporine Delayed Graft Function Dialysis Donors Grafts Hemostasis Ilium Immunosuppressive Agents Kidney Lymphocyte Immune Globulin, Anti-Thymocyte Globulin Mycophenolate Mofetil Operative Surgical Procedures osteum Patients Perfusion Plaque, Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Steroids Tacrolimus Transplantation Ureter Urinary Bladder
4
Laser-Assisted Transcanalicular Dacryocystorhinostomy
External DCR is the gold standard surgery for chronic dacryocystitis with nasolacrimal duct (NLD) obstruction, with the highest success rate. It requires limited follow up and is a cost-effective procedure. In conventional DCR, obliterated nasolacrimal duct is bypassed and the lacrimal sac is opened directly into the nasal cavity with the help of the lacrimal and nasal mucosal flap after making an osteum in the bone, but this operation has many limitations, like it is time taking and requires skill. There is bleeding, incision-related complications, postsurgical scarring, and disturbance of medial canthal tendon and muscles. Postoperative complications include hemorrhage (3.9%) and scarring (2.6%).[2 (link)] So during the modern era, when early rehabilitation and cosmetic appearance are of great importance, it is the need of the time that this surgery also crosses the need of incision without compromising on the success rate. The first intranasal approach was described in 1889 by Killian, and endoscopic DCR was first performed by Caldwell in 1893, but was soon abandoned due to difficult visualization and numerous complications.[7 ] The endonasal technique has gained popularity only in the past decade due to the developments in endoscopic surgery. The endonasal technique is performed endoscopically through the nose without the need for an external skin incision. The success rate is 70%-90%.[8 ] The advantages of transnasal endoscopic DCR (TNE-DCR) over external DCR are[9 (link)] that there is no outer skin incision with resulting scar, shorter procedure time, and shorter patient recovery time. The first cadaveric study in 1990 proved that osteotomy of the lacrimal bone can be achieved by laser energy delivered through an optic fiber by the transnasal or endocanalicular approach.[10 (link)] Lasers with several different wavelengths have been used to perform osteotomy as part of the DCR procedure, mostly as part of a transnasal approach: Holmium:Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet (Ho:YAG) laser, potassium-titanyl-phosphate (KTP) laser, Neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) laser, Erbium:YAG (Er:YAG) laser, and diode laser. The use of a diode laser for EL-DCR has been first reported by Eloy et al. in 2000, followed by Fernandez et al. in 2004.[11 (link)12 (link)] Diode laser-assisted DCR seems to offer specific advantages for DCR.[13 (link)14 15 ] The main technical obstacles in EL-DCR are to deliver a sufficiently powerful laser beam via a relatively narrow optical fiber, which in turn fits into an endocanalicular probe. Several laser wavelengths successfully comply with this requirement. However, there are other considerations to take into account, mainly unwanted collateral heating of the probe and residual thermal damage to the target tissue. Based on theoretical and our own preclinical studies, the 980-nm diode laser seems to adequately fulfill all the above requirements.[16 (link)] In this study, diode laser, 980 nm (infrared) with optical power 10 watts (maximum), aiming beam 635 nm, 4 MW, brightness adjustable and operating mode Cw pulsed was used. Laser light was delivered through a 0.6 mm optic fiber with 0.36 mm core, which in turn was inserted into a canalicular probe. The last step in the development of less traumatic DCR is the endocanalicular/transcanalicular approach. In this approach, first described in 1963 by Jack, a probe is inserted through the lower lacrimal punctum via the canaliculus into the lacrimal sac following the anatomical pathway of tear outflow.[17 (link)] Osteotomy is performed either by a mechanical drill or laser energy through an optic fiber, which is inserted within the probe.[18 (link)] Successes in DCR surgery are compromised by a small osteum and blockage of the osteum by scarred tissue. Linberg et al. showed that an appropriately large osteotomy made during surgery can narrow down to a final size of approximately 2 mm due to tissue growth and scarring.[19 (link)] The small osteotomy size compromises the success rate of T-ECLAD. Many studies have reported a lower success rate of T-ECLAD in the primary acquired cases of nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO).[15 20 21 22 (link)] One of the main open questions is adequate osteotomy size, as restenosis at the site of osteotomy is one of the leading causes of long-term failure in DCR.[23 ] An osteotomy of more than 10 mm in diameter can be routinely achieved by the classic approach, and a slightly smaller osteotomy of 7-9 mm is achieved with the transnasal approach.[24 (link)] The osteotomy size in our series was on an average 5 mm. We believe this is sufficient when using our technique, as there is minimal trauma to the surrounding mucosa and connective tissue, resulting in less postoperative scarring.[16 (link)] An interesting computed tomography study by Yazici and Yazici showed that final nasal osteum size six months after surgery has no correlation with osteotomy size at the time of surgery and suturing of mucosal flaps and measured from 3.1 to 3.8 mm in height.[25 (link)] Other factors must play a more important role in the development of restenosis, and we believe this to be tissue trauma, with the subsequent inflammatory response and scarring.[16 (link)] In this study, we had tried to keep osteum size big enough >5.0 mm, but it was found that during the procedure, the formation of first opening was quite easy but during successive shots, when we tried to increase the osteum size, it became harder to achieve desired size of opening. Probably, it is because the cannula was passed through a narrow tube (canaliculi), so it had a limited range of movement. Other difficulties which we had faced during the procedure [Table 3] were that the patient felt discomfort or pain. To manage it, nasal packing was done at least 45 min before starting the procedure and 2% xylocaine was injected locally. The aiming beam was not localized in some cases. To localize it, the cannula was rotated in the correct direction at 45 degrees, intensity of light was increased, blinking light was used, and if the endoscope was not clean it was cleaned. If there was difficulty in making the osteotomy, the laser power was increased. In case of inability to enlarge opening, the optical fiber was pulled backward to clearly visualize the aiming beam at the tip of the optical fiber. Opening was localized again with aiming beam and procedure was continued till desired size of osteum was made. The success rate can be increased using intraoperative mitomycin-C, an antiproliferative agent.[26 (link)] In this study, syringing was done with normal saline, betadine 5% solution, and mitomycin-c (0.02%) solution. Of course, there are certain disadvantages of this procedure. Some concern handling of the laser and the cost. A second endoscope for endonasal control as well as basic rhinologic surgery training is strongly suggested.[16 (link)] In this study, sometimes we faced a problem in exact focusing of the endoscope. In conclusion, The 980-nm T-ECLAD is a new contribution to the field of lacrimal surgery. It is a minimally invasive quick procedure. Although the success rate is not good (69.6%), but it may be a hope for future with better results if we continuously improve upon and analyze the procedure.
Pal V.K., Agrawal A., Suman S, & Pratap V.B. (2013). Transcanalicular endoscope combined laser-assisted dacryocystorhinostomy. Oman Journal of Ophthalmology, 6(2), 99-102.
Publication 2013
5
Endoscopic Maxillary Sinus Access Technique
For the endoscope group, an endonasal prelacrimal recess-maxillary sinus corridor was adopted. The mucous membranes near the adhering portion of the inferior nasal concha on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity were cut open and peeled under the subpericon osteum. The adhering edge of the inferior nasal concha and the bony nasolacrimal duct were exposed. After severing the adhering edge of the inferior nasal concha and the bony lateral wall of the nasal cavity, a mucosal nasolacrimal duct-inferior nasal concha flap was formed, and the MS was exposed through the medial wall. Neuroendoscopy revealed a bulge of posterolateral wall of the MS. The local mucous membrane and the bony posterolateral wall of the MS were peeled, and then the pterygopalatine fossa was exposed.
Xue Z., Liu J., Bi Z.Y., Yi Z.Q., Bao S.D., Liu P.N, & Yang Z.J. (2019). Evolution of transmaxillary approach to tumors in pterygopalatine fossa and infratemporal fossa: anatomic simulation and clinical practice. Chinese Medical Journal, 132(7), 798-804.
Publication 2019
Bones Endoscopes Maxillary Sinus Mucous Membrane Nasal Mucosa Nasolacrimal Duct Neuroendoscopy osteum Pterygopalatine Fossa Surgical Flaps Transverse Sinuses Turbinates

Most recents protocols related to «Osteum»

1
Capillary Isoelectric Focusing Gel Preparation
Sodium chloride
(NaCl), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), lactic acid, calcium chloride
(CaCl2), hydrochloric acid (HCl, 36%), acetonitrile (ACN),
urea (NH2CONH2), aminodiacetic acid (HN(CH2COOH)2), ammonia solution (NH4OH, 25%),
methyl cellulose (MC, viscosity: 1500 cP), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). Acetic acid and phosphoric
acid (85 wt %) were brought from Merck (USA); sinapic acid (SA) was
provided by Supelco (USA). The amphoteric electrolytes: Pharmalyte
3–10 carrier ampholytes were purchased from Cytiva (USA). The
pI markers (pH = 5.500 and 3.210) were purchased from AB Sciex (USA)
and AES (Canada). The tris(hydroxymethyl)aminethane (THAM) solution
of 1 M was purchased from Thermo Fisher (USA). Lactoferrin (L9507),
α-lactalbumin (L5385), β-lactoglobulin (L3908), bovine
serum albumin (BSA), α-casein (C6780), β-casein (C6905),
κ-casein (C0406), and lysozyme (L6876) were all purchased from
Sigma-Aldrich (USA). Casein glycomacropeptide (CGMP) was provided
by Agropur (BiPRO GMP 9000). Casein phosphopeptides (CPP) were provided
by Ingredia Nutritional (OSTEUM CPP). All of the reagents were directly
used for experiments without further purification.
The cIEF
gel was obtained by mixing 15 mL of ultrapure water and 0.4 g of MC
powder, followed by stirring for 5 min at 80 °C. After the mixture
was removed from the heater, an ice–water mixture was added
to the solution to 40 mL. Then, the solution was stirred every 30
min until cooling to −20 °C. Then, the obtained mixture
was stored at 4–8 °C overnight. Furthermore, 3 M urea
gel solution was prepared by dissolving 1.8 g of urea and 6 mL of
cIEF gel with ultrapure water added, meeting a final volume of 10
mL. After mixing, the as-prepared solution was stored at 4 °C.
Wang X., Cui D., Qu X., You H., Lei F., Li J., Xie Y., Zhang H., Zhang Y., Jiang S, & Xie Q. (2023). Analytical Ultracentrifugation-Calibrated Anion-Exchange Chromatography for Sensitive and Intact Determination of Osteopontin in Infant Formula and Dairy Products. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 71(37), 13880-13888.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
Acetic Acid acetonitrile Albumins Ammonia Ampholyte Mixtures beta Lactoglobulin Calcium chloride caseinomacropeptide Caseins Electrolytes Hydrochloric acid iminodiacetic acid Lactalbumin Lactic Acid LTF protein, human Methylcellulose Muramidase osteum Phosphopeptides sinapinic acid Sodium Chloride Sodium Hydroxide Trifluoroacetic Acid Tromethamine Urea Viscosity
2
Predicting Therapeutic Outcomes in Isolated Sphenoid Sinusitis
We investigated patients diagnosed with ISS in the ENT Department at Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Russia. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University (17 November 2017, protocol No. 11). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.
A prospective study was performed that involved patients with a diagnosis of isolated sphenoid sinusitis. In total, 59 people, aged 4–68 years, took part in the study. The study was conducted in the pediatric department and in the adult department of otorhinolaryngology. In order to provide case-control research in the field of isolated bacterial sphenoid sinusitis, the exclusion criteria from this research were neoplasm, intracranial involvement of pathological process, pregnancy, and a history of previous ISS [13 (link)].
In all cases, patients were admitted to the hospital with subtotal opacification of one or both sphenoid sinuses, and normal pneumatization in others. All patients were admitted to our department on an emergency basis, and the only available rapid diagnostic method that we had was CT. In the event of a diagnosis, we did not repeat the MRI. Patients who had an MRI were referred to us for emergency hospitalization from neurologists and ophthalmologists. At the initial stage, all patients had the same medical therapy (systemic decongestant, systemic antibacterial therapy, topical glucocorticosteroids, oral corticosteroids and nose irrigation) [14 (link),15 (link)].
Irrigation included the special technique that used the Dolphin system, which allows the delivery of the saline solution to the sinus (Figure 1).
Then, after 14 days, the dynamics of treatment were assessed with the use of computed tomography of the paranasal sinuses [16 (link),17 (link)].
Patients with good outcomes after the treatment, which included residual edematous changes of the sinus mucosa on the CT scan, were designated as group 1 of the study (Figure 2) [18 (link)]. This group included 22 patients aged from 6 to 68 years old.
Patients whose CT scan results did not differ from the initial data nor showed negative dynamics such as involvement in the inflammatory process of posterior ethmoidal cells on the affected site, were referred for surgical treatment (endoscopic sphenoidotomy) [19 (link)]. These patients constituted group 2 of the study, and named the ineffective conservative treatment group. In total, the second group included 37 patients aged from 4 to 68 years old.
The control group consisted of patients who had no pathological changes according to CT scans. The last group consisted of 33 patients aged 8–70 years. These were patients who underwent CT scans because of ophthalmological indications. Most of them had dacryostenosis, and contrasting of the lacrimal pathways. It was these patients who had no nasal complaints and underwent CT.
All subjects of groups 1 and 2 underwent a comprehensive examination, which included:

Otorhinolaryngological examination (n = 59).

Rigid endoscopy of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx (n = 59).

Computed tomography of the paranasal sinuses (n = 92).

Magnetic resonance imaging of the paranasal sinuses (n = 6)

Bacteriological examination from the sphenoid sinus directly (n = 37).

Bacteriological examination of the nasal cavity mucus (n = 37).

Measurement of the sphenoid sinus volume (before surgery/ during the surgery (n = 12)) [20 (link)].

Measurement of the new formed sphenoid sinus osteum square (n = 37) [21 ].

To test whether the potential efficacy of therapeutic treatment can be predicted based on the patient’s clinical status determined by their anamnesis and objective measurements, a logistic regression model was utilized following a stepwise procedure outlined below.
Four models were constructed and analyzed: a step-by-step method of eliminating predictors, and a step-by-step method for including predictors, each considered with and without constant inclusion. As a result, the model built by the method of successive inclusion showed the greatest significance. This version of the model was chosen for construction by the forced inclusion method. The quality of the constructed model was determined by the Nagelkerke coefficients [22 (link),23 ,24 (link),25 (link),26 (link)].
Karpishchenko S., Vereshchagina O., Stancheva O., Nagornykh T., Krasichkov A., Serdiukova I., Sinitca A, & Kaplun D. (2022). Isolated Sphenoid Sinusitis: Anatomical Features for Choosing a Method of Treatment, a Case-Control Study. Diagnostics, 12(5), 1284.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2022
3
Comparative Outcomes of Trabeculectomy and Phacotrabeculectomy
The Research and Ethics offices at Concord General Repatriation Hospital and Liverpool Hospital approved the research protocol prior to data collection. The study was conducted in accordance with the National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research, and consistent with the principles that have their origin in the Declaration of Helsinki.
Data source
The data collected in this study were extracted from an existing database of 269 patients of a single surgeon operating at two tertiary referral teaching hospitals (Concord General Repatriation Hospital and Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW) and two private hospitals (Sydney Private Hospital and Macquarie University Hospital, Sydney NSW) from 2007 until 2019. The data had been previously collected in a contemporaneous fashion as part of an ongoing audit of patients undergoing glaucoma surgery (trabeculectomy or phacotrabeculectomy).
Eligibility criteria
Patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, angle-closure glaucoma, normal-tension glaucoma, and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma who had undergone trabeculectomy or phacotrabeculectomy with at least five years of follow-up data were included in the study. Exclusion criteria were patients who had their procedure less than five years ago, patients who have had previous ophthalmic procedures, and patients with secondary glaucoma associated with increased risk of trabeculectomy failure including uveitic, pigmentary, traumatic, and neovascular glaucoma. Because these eyes are recognized to be at increased risk of surgical failure, they were unlikely to be offered phacotrabeculectomy in any case, and thus would be unhelpful in comparing the two procedures [14 ]. Since eyes with exfoliation syndrome tend to do well with trabeculectomy, and by extension phacotrabeculectomy, this was the one secondary glaucoma that was eligible for inclusion [15 ]. Both eyes of eligible patients were included in the study if they otherwise met the inclusion criteria.
Patient visits
Baseline demographic information collected includes age, gender, race, past medical and surgical history. Baseline ocular information collected included glaucoma diagnosis, operated eye, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), IOP, presence of visual field defect and mean deviation (MD) on visual field testing, number of glaucoma medications, lens status, and previous ocular surgery.
Post-operative data collected at one year, two years, and five-year time points were BCVA, IOP, a number of glaucoma medications, complications, need for re-operation, and bleb morphology. The one and two-year time points were selected to show shorter-term progress and the five-year time point was selected to show longer-term progress.
Outcome measures
The primary outcome measure was IOP. In addition, a target IOP was determined clinically based on the patient’s stage of glaucoma pre-operatively and was not changed depending on the procedure. When post-operative IOP data were collected at the various time points during follow-up, a note was made whether target IOP was achieved in addition to the numerical IOP value.
Secondary outcome measures included a number of glaucoma medications, treatment success rates, best-corrected visual acuity, bleb morphology outcome, post-operative complications, and re-operations.
The criterion for decreased visual acuity was a decrease in two or more lines of Snellen acuity from baseline at the post-operative time points. Treatment failure was defined as not achieving the desired target IOP, repeat operation for glaucoma (excluding bleb needling), or the development of serious complications. Absolute success was defined as achieving the target IOP without glaucoma medications or vision-threatening complications. Qualified success was defined as achieving the target IOP with the additional use of glaucoma medications. Bleb morphology was documented via the Indiana Bleb Appearance Grading Scale [16 (link)]. Further re-operations documented include needling, repeat glaucoma surgery, surgery for post-operative complications, and cataract surgery.
Statistical analysis
Univariate comparisons between treatment groups were performed with the two-sided Student t-test for continuous variables. A P-value of 0.05 or less was considered statistically significant in the analysis. Treatment comparisons of the cumulative proportion of treatment success were assessed with the stratified Kaplan-Meier survival analysis log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test using the GraphPad PrismTM software (GraphPad Software, CA).
Surgical methods
All surgeries were performed by or under the supervision of a single surgeon. The selection of patients to have a combined procedure was determined by the surgeon, taking into consideration the degree of visual impairment from the cataract, co-existent narrow-angle component attributable to the cataract, and pre-operative assessment of the risk of trabeculectomy failure.
Surgery was generally performed under local anesthesia with peribulbar or Sub-Tenon’s block, and in some cases under general anesthesia depending on patients’ preferences and ability to tolerate the procedure. A fornix-based conjunctival flap was used for all cases, with a rectangular 5-6 x 3-4 mm half-thickness scleral flap. An anti-fibrotic regimen was selected based on the anticipated risk of postoperative scarring. Most patients received MMC applied on five sponges into the subconjunctival space after the scleral flap was fashioned but prior to entry into the anterior chamber. Doses of 0.2-0.4 mg/ml were used for 2-3 mins. Some cases with minimal risk factors for post-operative scarring received 5-FU on sponges (50 mg/ml) rather than MMC. All cases of combined phacotrabeculectomy received MMC. An anterior chamber maintainer was used for most cases of standalone trabeculectomy. A single punch osteum with Khaw punchR (750 µm) was used to create the osteum under the scleral flap and surgical iridectomy was performed with Vannas scissors. A combination of preplaced 10-0 nylon releasable and adjustable sutures was used to close the scleral flap. The conjunctiva was closed with 10-0 nylon sutures at the limbus and 8-0 vicryl sutures on either side if relaxing incisions in the peritomy were required during surgery.
In cases of combined phacotrabeculectomy, a 2-site approach was used with a separate temporal clear corneal incision for the phacoemulsification with a posterior chamber lens implant. A standard one-piece acrylic hydrophilic monofocal lens was implanted in the capsular bag for all cases. The corneal wound was sutured with 10-0 nylon and ensured to be watertight, and the pupil was constricted with acetylcholine chloride intraocular solution (MiocholTM) prior to performing the trabeculectomy. 
All patients received a drop of atropine 1% at the end of the case. Post-operatively patients were treated with chloramphenicol drops four times a day for one week, and intensive topical dexamethasone 0.1% eye drops four times a day for over six to eight weeks. Drop frequency and duration were titrated to the degree of conjunctival vascularity and inflammation observed at post-operative visits.
Lam D, & Wechsler D.Z. (2021). Five-Year Outcomes of Trabeculectomy and Phacotrabeculectomy. Cureus, 13(1), e12950.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2021
4
Outcomes of Arrugas Assisted Flapless DCR
Not available on PMC !
A retrospective analysis of one hundred and seven patients with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction who had undergone sac surgery between May 2016 to October 2019, was done at our teaching hospital. Records of patients who had undergone sac surgery were analyzed. Examination of each eye with special emphasis on examination of the lacrimal system was done. Patients between 18 to 70 years with regurgitation on pressure over the lacrimal area (ROPLAS) or diagnostic lacrimal syringing and probing indicative of PANLDO were included in the study . Patients with coexistent lid laxity, lower lid ectropion or lid margin abnormalities were excluded. Those whose records showed secondary nasolacrimal duct or canalicular obstruction, lacrimal fistula , previously failed sac surgery or a bleeding pathology were also excluded from the study. All surgeries were performed by a single surgeon. Records of patients who had undergone Arrugas bone trephine assisted flapless DCR with COS MMC (Group A) or conventional Ext DCR (Group B) and who fulfilled the exclusion and inclusion criteria were compared and analysed. Anesthesia of the nasal mucosa consisted of 2 ml xylocaine 5% with adrenaline 1:100,000. Initial steps in both the procedures were similar.
A curvilinear skin incision of 10 to 15 mm, corresponding to anterior lacrimal crest was made, care being taken to avoid trauma to the angular vein. Blunt dissection of the orbicularis and exposure of the lacrimal sac was done.
In Arrugas Bone trephine assisted Flapless DCR with COS-MMC technique (Group A), the sac was identified followed by its anterior and posterior part being excised, leaving a small collar around the common internal opening (Figure 1a, 1b) . The area around the common internal opening was handled carefully so as to not damage it. A bony osteum of 10 mm using Arrugas bone trephine (size 10mm) was made in the lateral nasal wall (Figure 1c). A corresponding part of nasal mucosa was then removed along with bone so that the internal common opening was facing the nasal cavity (Figure 1d, 1e) . A circumosteal intramucosal injection of 0.02% MMC (0.1 ml) was given along the margin of the ostium at four places each (Figure 1g,1h). The anterior remaining small collar of the sac was sutured along with orbicularis muscle and the subcutaneous tissue with 6-0 vicryl (Ethicon Inc.). Skin was opposed using 6-0 mersilk. Post operatively all patients were given oral and local antibiotics along with nasal decongestants for 1 week . The stitches were removed ten days post surgery. Follow ups were done on day one and seven and thereafter at the end of one month, three month, and one year respectively from the day of surgery. At each visit, irrigation with sterile saline was done and cases were examined for any complications such as wound gap, infection, discharge and epistaxis. Surgical success was defined by anatomical patency of the lacrimal drainage system on irrigation. Institute ethical committee clearance was taken and the tenets of Helsinki were adhered to. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Significance was defined as p<0.05.
Demographics and baseline characteristics were summarized using descriptive statistics.
Categorical variables were summarized using frequencies and percentages. To compare the categorical variables between groups, the chisquare test was used to assess if differences exist. 3).
Bhaskar G., Ambastha A., Mohan N., Sinha S, & Shree S. (2021). Arrugas Bone Trephine Assisted Flapless Dacryocystorhinostomy with Circumosteal - Mitomycin C Versus External Dacryocystorhinostomy: A Hospital Based Comparative Study. Nepalese journal of ophthalmology : a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal of the Nepal Ophthalmic Society : NEPJOPH, 13(24).
Publication 2021
5
Paediatric Radiology Escape Room and SBA Test
A paediatric radiology themed escape room session and 8-question single best answer (SBA) test was devised by the senior author (S.S.), a paediatric radiologist (10 years of radiology experience, 5 in paediatric radiology). Both the SBA test and escape room were constructed with specific learning objectives in mind, mapped to outcomes from the Royal College of Radiologists (RCR) [20 ] and European Society for Radiologists (ESR) [21 ] undergraduate radiology curriculums. These objectives included delivering knowledge on (1) radiation protection, (2) fracture detection on paediatric radiography and (3) emergency findings on paediatric chest radiographs (e.g. consolidation, pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax) (see Additional file 1: Figure A1). A copy of the SBA test, with answers in the caption, is also provided in Additional file 1: Figure A2.
The escape room consisted of four radiological ‘puzzles’ (relating to the objectives above), that could be solved in any order (Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4). After solving each of these puzzles, a three-number combination code would be revealed allowing participants to unlock one of four tin containers in the room (Fig. 5). Within each container was a note, upon which a single number and crossword clue were written. Only by unlocking all four containers (i.e. by solving all four puzzles) could the combination of numbers on the notes provide a code to unlock a briefcase containing a crossword puzzle. In order to ‘unlock’ the room, participants would need to solve the crossword to reveal a secret word, which they shout in unison in order to escape (Fig. 6). A layout of the room is shown in Fig. 7.

‘Read the signs’: an example of one of the puzzles in the escape room. a A poster detailing three different paediatric radiographs with abnormalities is placed on one of the walls of the room. The students need to find a hidden folder of ‘radiology signs’ somewhere in the room containing 20 different imaging signs and match the images on the poster to that in the folder to solve the three number combination code. b An example of one of the pages in the clear plastic presentation folder matching the second image on the poster. In this example, the second number for the combination code would be ‘3’

‘Location, location, location’: another example of a puzzle in the escape room. The participants need to identify whether a chest radiograph is normal or abnormal. If abnormal, then the location of the consolidation should be determined and matched to the number code given in the box in the bottom left corner of the poster. For example, in this game, the three number combination is 2, 6 and 1

‘Diagnose Doctor Perry Osteum’: another example of a puzzle in the escape room. a A poster of various body parts some with and some without fractures are shown. The participants need to identify which bones have an abnormality and match it to the (b) large paper skeleton in the other corner of the room. This skeleton has numbers written on every bone, and only by correlating the correct bone and laterality can the students resolve the three-number combination. In this example, the bones to be interrogated on the skeleton would be the distal right radius, posterior right ribs and proximal left tibia

‘Radiation dosages’ puzzle: In this puzzle (a) the patient scenarios are placed on the wall, with a list of (b) radiation dosages on another wall, based on the WHO 2016 publication, ‘Communicating radiation risks in paediatric imaging’ [27 ]. Students are required to calculate the radiation dosages from the different radiology modalities and examinations to solve the three-number combination. In this example, the combination code was 0, 3 and 2

Equipment in the escape room. a The equipment on the central desk included a copy of the escape room rules, the kitchen timer to time the participants (yellow arrow), the four tin containers (white arrow) which were each locked with a three-number combination lock and contained a note for the final crossword puzzle, and clues on how to unlock the briefcase containing the puzzle (dashed white arrow). Photo frames containing images of Roentgen and an early example of a hand radiograph were not part of the escape room puzzles, and only placed on the table for decoration. b All the equipment was easily transportable between teaching sites within a single carry bag

Crossword puzzle. a This image demonstrates the four different notes that were contained within the four containers shown in Fig. 5. They provide clues to the crossword puzzle (b). The answers to the crossword are 1—RED DOT; 2—FRONT; 3—THYMIC; 4—CANCER. The escape room word was ‘ROENTGEN’

The layout of the escape room. The puzzles listed in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 are colour coded in this image. Those with more than one component are intentionally placed on opposite sides of the room to force students to interact with each other and communicate findings. The escape room rules read to students prior to the activity had already informed them that removing posters from the wall or use of mobile phones was not allowed

Prior to running the undergraduate teaching session, a ‘practice run’ was piloted on two paediatric radiology fellows active in undergraduate teaching (J.B., L.R.—each with 6 years of radiology experience and 1 year paediatric radiology) to identify errors in the design, feedback on level of difficulty and to inform estimated time required to complete the puzzles. Both radiology fellows were blinded to the escape room design prior to the practice run.
Liu C., Patel R., Ogunjinmi B., Briffa C., Allain-Chapman M., Coffey J., Kallam N., Leung M.S., Lim A., Shamsad S., El-Sharnouby F., Tsang E., Whitehead J., Bretherton J., Ramsay L, & Shelmerdine S.C. (2020). Feasibility of a paediatric radiology escape room for undergraduate education. Insights into Imaging, 11, 50.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2020

Top products related to «Osteum»

More about "Osteum"

Osteum is a cutting-edge AI-powered platform developed by PubCompare.ai to help researchers streamline their experimental protocols.
This innovative tool leverages advanced machine learning techniques to enable users to easily locate, compare, and optimize the protocols from a vast database of scientific literature, preprints, and patents.
Designed to enhance the efficiency and quality of research workflows, Osteum empowers scientists to quickly identify the best protocols and products to fit their specific needs.
By automating the process of protocol selection and comparison, Osteum saves researchers valuable time and reduces the costs associated with experimental optimization.
The platform's AI-driven capabilities can analyze a wide range of experimental parameters, including methodologies, reagents, and expected outcomes, to provide personalized recommendations.
This allows researchers to make informed decisions and improve the overall quality of their findings.
Osteum's user-friendly interface makes it easy to navigate the extensive database of protocols, enabling researchers to quickly find the most relevant and effective solutions for their projects.
Whether you're working on a new line of research or refining an existing experimental approach, Osteum is a powerful tool that can help streamline your workflow and enhance the efficiency of your experiments.
With its advanced AI technology and comprehensive protocol database, Osteum is revolutionizing the way researchers optimize their experimental protocols, leading to more efficient and impactful scientific discoveries.