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Oxaloacetates

Oxaloacetates are a class of organic compounds that play a crucial role in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, a key metabolic pathway found in most living organisms.
These dicarboxylic acids are involved in energy production, biosynthesis, and cellular signaling processes.
Optimizing research on oxaloacetates can be streamlined using PubCompare.ai's AI-driven protocol comparison tools, which enhance reproducibility and accuracy by identifying the best methods from literature, pre-prints, and patents.
Researchers can use PubCompare.ai to make more informed decisions and streamline their oxaloacetates research process.

Most cited protocols related to «Oxaloacetates»

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Publication 2017
Acetate Bioluminescent Measurements Carbonates Chromatography Citric Acid Cycle Cold Temperature decyltrimethylammonium bromide DNA Replication Embryo Freezing Glucose Glutathione S-Transferase Isocitrates Lactates Lens, Crystalline Luciferins Luminescence Methanol NADH Niacinamide Nitrogen Oxaloacetates prisma Promega Pyruvates Reduced Glutathione Retention (Psychology) Student Triton X-100 Tromethamine

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Publication 2016
Acetate Alanine alpha-Ketoglutaric Acid Aspartate Transaminase Citrate Citric Acid Cycle Coenzyme A, Acetyl Cytosol Fumarate Glutamates Hepatocyte Intravenous Infusion Isotopes Lactate malate Metabolism Mitochondria Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Oxaloacetates Oxidoreductase Pyruvate Pyruvate Carboxylase Pyruvate Kinase pyruvic-malic carboxylase Regeneration
Tissue lysates obtained through cell lysis buffer processing (described above) were batch processed for citrate synthase activity as previously described by our laboratory (Kephart et al., 2015 (link)). This metric was used as a surrogate for mitochondrial content per the findings of Larsen et al. (2012) (link) suggesting citrate synthase activity highly correlates with transmission electron micrograph (TEM) images of mitochondrial content (r = 0.84, p < 0.001). The assay principle is based upon the reduction of 5,50-dithiobis(2- nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) at 412 nm (extinction coefficient 13.6 mmol/L/cm) coupled to the reduction of acetyl-CoA by the citrate synthase reaction in the presence of oxaloacetate. Briefly, five μg of skeletal muscle protein was added to a mixture composed of 0.125 mol/L Tris–HCl (pH 8.0), 0.03 mmol/L acetyl-CoA, and 0.1 mmol/L DTNB. The reaction was initiated by the addition of 5 μL of 50 mmol/L oxaloacetate and the absorbance change was recorded for 1 min. The average CV values for all duplicates was 4.6%.
Publication 2018
Biological Assay Buffers Cells Citrate (si)-Synthase Coenzyme A, Acetyl Dithionitrobenzoic Acid Electrons Extinction, Psychological Mitochondria Nitrobenzoic Acids Oxaloacetates Proteins Skeletal Muscles Tissues Transmission, Communicable Disease Tromethamine
Fifty ml of blood were collected in tubes con taining acid-citrate-dextrose. Blood samples were obtained at NYU and sent overnight to the Uni versity of Kansas. Upon receipt, platelets were isolated by centrifugation and enriched mitochondrial fractions were prepared using previously described methods [13 (link), 14 (link)]. The protein concentrations of the enriched mitochondrial fractions were measured using a DC protein assay kit (BioRad, Hercules, CA). Cytochrome c oxidase Vmax activity (COX, Com plex IV, sec-1/mg) was determined as a pseudo first order-rate constant by measuring the oxidation of reduced cytochrome c at 550 nm. Citrate synthase (CS) Vmax activity (nmol/min/mg) was determined spectrophotometrically following the formation of 5- thio-2-nitrobenzoate (412 nm) following the addition of 100 μM oxaloacetate at 30°C. In addition to refer encing COX Vmax activity to total protein, to correct for potential inter-sample differences in mitochondrial mass, the COX activity for each sample was also ref erenced to its corresponding CS activity. CS activity is reportedly comparable between NL and AD patients, with variations as little as 0.5–2%, and does not show age effects [13 (link), 14 (link)].
Publication 2011
acid citrate dextrose Biological Assay BLOOD Blood Platelets Centrifugation Citrate (si)-Synthase Cytochromes c Mitochondria Mitochondrial Proteins Oxaloacetates Oxidase, Cytochrome-c Patients Proteins

Timing: 0.5–1 h

Citrate synthase catalyzes the condensation of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate to form citrate during the first step of the Krebs cycle in the mitochondrial matrix. The activity of citrate synthase is often used as a reliable method of normalization of MRC activity assays. The activity of citrate synthase is measured through an indirect method, following the formation of a yellow-colored thionitrobenzoate (TNB) derivative of DTNB by measuring the changes in absorbance at λ=412 nm. DTNB spontaneously forms TNB by reacting with sulfhydryl groups of free coenzyme A resulting from citrate synthase activity (Srere, 1969 ; Trounce et al., 1996 (link); Spinazzi et al., 2012 (link)).

For each replicate plus one, prepare the reaction mix as described in the following table:

ReagentStock concentrationVolume (μL)Final concentration
Tris-HCl pH 8.0 + 0.2% Triton X-1000.2 M100100 mM
DTNB in Tris-HCl pH 8.01 mM20100 μM
Acetyl-CoA (10 mM)10 mM6300 μM
H2O62

Add 188 μL of the reaction mix into each well of a 96 well plate (see key resources table), using a multichannel pipette.

Add 2 μL of mitochondrial lysate from step 13 (1 μg/μL) and mix well.

Record baseline activity at λ=412 nm within 2 min at 30°C.

Add 10 μL of 10 mM oxaloacetate (final concentration 500 μM) to each well to start the reaction.

Record absorbance at λ=412 nm for 2 min at 30°C.

Note: expected results are reported in Figure 1F.

Publication 2022
Biological Assay Citrate Citrate (si)-Synthase Citric Acid Cycle Coenzyme A Coenzyme A, Acetyl Dithionitrobenzoic Acid DNA Replication Mitochondria Nitric Oxide Synthase Oxaloacetates Sulfhydryl Compounds thionitrobenzoate Tromethamine

Most recents protocols related to «Oxaloacetates»

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Example 3

A woman diagnosed with PMDD had a history of extreme cramping (pain level 10), suicidal thoughts, and difficulty with anger and anxiety. The cramping was not relieved by Midol or Aspirin. The woman was despondent even after her symptoms of PMDD left because of guilt over her behavior during this time period. She took 200 mg oxaloacetate in a hypromellose capsule carrier, and experienced immediate relief from all symptoms. She reported that it was like a 1,000 pound weight being taken off her shoulders.

Example 4

The woman in Example 3 continued to take oxaloacetate each month for the next three months and monitored her progress. She took one pill starting about 10 days before her period, and continued taking 1 pill daily until the first sign of PMS, when she increased the dosage to 2 capsules per day until the 2nd day of her period. The symptoms of PMDD completely resolved. She reported that “I am no longer a suicidal, psychotic crazy person every month. And I know it is the supplements because this will be the 3rd month with no PMDD and that is NOT a coincidence.”

Patent 2024
Anger Anxiety Aspirin Capsule Contraceptives, Oral Dietary Supplements Guilt Hypromellose Mental Disorders Midol Oxaloacetates Pain PMS-1 Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder Shoulder Woman
Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), immunoglobulin M (IgM), complements 3 and 4 (C3 and C4, respectively), cortisol and glucose concentrations were analyzed in the serum of blood samples. Glucose was analyzed according to the hexokinase method35 using Cobas pack (reference number, 04404483 190) through the Cobas-c 311 analyzer, system-ID 0768316. Cortisol was assayed based on the formation of the respective immune complex method36 (link) through the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay “ECLIA” pack (reference number, 11875116 122) using the Cobas-e immunoassay analyzer. ALT analysis was performed using Cobas c pack (reference number, 207649q57 322), Cobas-C 311 analyzer, system ID 0,764,957. ALT was detected according to Bergmeyer et al.37 (link) and ECCLS38 . ALT catalyzed the reaction between L-alanine and 2-oxoglutarate. The formed pyruvate is reduced by NADH in a reaction catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) to form L-lactate and NAD. The rate of the NADH oxidation is directly proportional to the catalytic ALT activity. It is determined by measuring the decrease in absorbance. AST in the sample catalyzed the transfer of an amino group between L-aspartate and 2-oxoglutarate to form oxaloacetate and L-glutamate. The oxaloacetate then reacted with NADH, in the presence of malate dehydrogenase (MDH), to form NAD. This assay followed the recommendations of the IFCC but was optimized according to Bergmeyer et al.37 (link) and ECCLS38 using Cobas c pack (reference number, 20764949322) through the Cobas-C 311 analyzer. System lD 076494I. IgM was determined based on the principle of immunological agglutination39 through the Cobas c 311, system ID 0767883 using Cobas c pack (reference number, 03507190). IgM antibodies and antigens reacted with each other in the sample and formed an antigen/antibody complex. After agglutination, this was measured turbidimetrically at a sub/main wavelength: 700/340. C3 and C4 were determined by forming a precipitate through the addition of a specific antiserum and then they were determined turbidimetrically at a sub/main wavelength: 700/34039 . C3 was measured through the Cobas c 311, system ID 0765600 using Cobas c pack (reference number, 03001938322). C4 was analyzed through the Cobas c 311, system ID 0765619 using Cobas c pack (reference number, 03001962322).
Publication 2023
Agglutination Alanine Alanine Transaminase alpha-Ketoglutarate Antigens Aspartate Aspartate Transaminase Biological Assay Complement 3 Complex, Immune enzyme activity Glucose Glutamate Hexokinase Hydrocortisone Immune Sera Immunoassay Immunoglobulin M Lactate Lactate Dehydrogenase Malate Dehydrogenase NADH Oxaloacetates Pyruvates Serum
Citrate synthase (CS) activity was measured with 2 µL of supernatants of muscle homogenate from western blotting preparation in 100 mmol/L Tris HCl (pH = 8.0) buffer with 0.5 mmol/L oxaloacetate, 0.3 mmol/L acetyl-CoA, 0.1 mmol/L 5,5′-dithiobis 2-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB) as previously described (Srere, 1969 (link)). The increase in absorbance at 412 nm was followed over 3 min at 25°C due to the formation of the 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoate anion (TNB) generated from DTNB. CS activity was expressed as micromoles of TNB formed per minute per Gram of tissue.
Publication 2023
Anions Buffers Citrate (si)-Synthase Coenzyme A, Acetyl Dithionitrobenzoic Acid Muscle Tissue Nitrobenzoic Acids Oxaloacetates Tissues Tromethamine
A total of 1,000,000 cells/mL were seeded in a 6-well plate. After 24 h, the cells were treated as indicated. Then, the cells were washed with cold PBS 1×. The cells were resuspended in NP-40 lysis buffer in water (150 mM NaCl, 1% NP-40, and 50 mM Tris pH 8), rotated in a cold room for 30 min, and centrifuged at 13,000 g for 20 min in cold. Then, the supernatant was collected and stored at −20 °C until used.
Citrate synthase activity was determined by incubating 5 µL of proteins with 995 µL of 100 mM Tris pH 8, 0.1% Triton, 0.1 mM acetyl-CoA (Sigma, A2181), and 0.2 mM 5,5′ dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (Sigma D8130-1G). 198 µL of the mix was pipetted in triplicates on a 96-well plate, and 2 µL of oxaloacetate (Sigma O4126-1G) was added to the sample wells. Absorbance was measured at 412 nm every 30 s for up to 60 min at 30 °C. The results were normalised to protein concentration.
Publication 2023
Buffers Cells Citrate (si)-Synthase Coenzyme A, Acetyl Cold Temperature Nitrobenzoic Acids Nonidet P-40 Oxaloacetates Proteins Sodium Chloride Tromethamine
A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate how hemoglobin concentration changes with age. All participants were enrolled from the Physical Examination Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College in Wuhu, China, from 2014 to 2016. The exclusion criteria included: (1) absence of available data on triglyceride (TG), fasting blood glucose, uric acid, high-density lipoprotein, urea nitrogen, glutting-pyruvic transaminase, glutamic-oxaloacetate, aminotransferase, hemoglobin; (2) individuals with severe brain disease intervention, tumor or cancer, severe cardiovascular diseases, or severe infections. A total of 303,084 participants made of 176,614 (58.3%) males and 126,470 (41.7%) females had undergone a health check upon request. Their mean age was 47.6 ± 13.6 (10–98) years. The study was conducted in compliance with Helsinki guidelines of the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association and approved by the Ethics Committee of Wannan Medical College. Verbal informed consent was obtained from each participant before the investigation.
Publication 2023
Blood Glucose Brain Diseases Cardiovascular Diseases Ethics Committees Females Hemoglobin High Density Lipoproteins Infection Males Malignant Neoplasms Neoplasms Nitrogen Oxaloacetates Physical Examination Transaminases Triglycerides Urea Uric Acid

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Oxaloacetate is a chemical compound that serves as an important intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle. It plays a crucial role in cellular metabolism, particularly in the conversion of acetyl-CoA into energy-rich molecules. Oxaloacetate is a key component in the process of cellular respiration and energy production.
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The BCA assay is a colorimetric detection method used to quantify the total protein concentration in a sample. It relies on the reduction of copper ions by proteins in an alkaline environment, which produces a purple-colored complex that can be measured spectrophotometrically.
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Acetyl-CoA is a fundamental metabolic intermediate that plays a critical role in various cellular processes. It is the key entry point into the citric acid cycle, a central pathway in cellular respiration and energy production. Acetyl-CoA is involved in the synthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol, and other important biomolecules. It serves as a substrate for a wide range of enzymatic reactions, making it essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and supporting diverse metabolic functions.
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The Citrate Synthase Assay Kit is a laboratory instrument designed to measure the activity of the enzyme citrate synthase. Citrate synthase is a key enzyme involved in the citric acid cycle, a metabolic pathway that plays a crucial role in cellular energy production. The assay kit provides the necessary reagents and protocols to quantify citrate synthase activity in various biological samples.
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The A2181 is a laboratory equipment product from the Merck Group. It is designed for general laboratory use, but a detailed factual description of its core function cannot be provided without the risk of extrapolation or interpretation.

More about "Oxaloacetates"

Oxaloacetate, a key player in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, is a dicarboxylic acid that plays a crucial role in energy production, biosynthesis, and cellular signaling processes within most living organisms.
Also known as OAA, this organic compound is a vital intermediate in the metabolic pathway, linking carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism.
The TCA cycle, also referred to as the citric acid cycle or Krebs cycle, is a fundamental metabolic pathway that generates energy in the form of ATP.
Oxaloacetate acts as a key substrate in this cycle, undergoing a series of enzymatic reactions to produce intermediates like citrate, isocitrate, and α-ketoglutarate, which are further utilized for energy production and biosynthesis.
Researchers can optimize their studies on oxaloacetates by leveraging the AI-driven protocol comparison tools offered by PubCompare.ai.
These advanced tools enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of research by identifying the best methods from the existing literature, preprints, and patents.
This streamlines the research process, allowing scientists to make more informed decisions and improve the efficiency of their oxaloacetate-related investigations.
In addition to the TCA cycle, oxaloacetate is also involved in other important cellular processes.
It can be converted to malate, a key component in the malate-aspartate shuttle, which transports reducing equivalents across the mitochondrial membrane.
Oxaloacetate can also undergo transamination reactions to form aspartate, a non-essential amino acid with diverse functions in cellular metabolism and signaling.
To study oxaloacetate and its role in various biological systems, researchers may utilize techniques like the BCA assay, Acetyl-CoA assay, and Citrate Synthase Assay Kit.
These analytical methods help quantify and characterize oxaloacetate levels and related metabolic activities.
Additionally, the use of protease inhibitor cocktails and specialized equipment like the TissueLyser II and the Victor X4 plate reader can assist in the extraction, purification, and analysis of oxaloacetate and associated biomolecules.
By understanding the importance of oxaloacetate in cellular metabolism and leveraging the advanced tools and techniques available, researchers can optimize their investigations, enhance reproducibility, and gain deeper insights into the role of this key metabolite in living organisms.
Combining these resources with the AI-powered capabilities of PubCompare.ai can streamline the research process and lead to more informed decisions, ultimately advancing our understanding of oxaloacetate and its multifaceted functions.