Single channel recording of OmpG was similar to the previous study.50 (link) Briefly, experiments were performed in an apparatus containing two chambers separated by a 25 μm thick Teflon film. An aperture of approximately 100 μm diameter had been made near the center of the film with an electric spark. The aperture was pretreated with a hexadecane/pentane (10% v/v) solution before each chamber was filled with buffers as indicated specifically. An Ag/AgCl electrode was immersed in each chamber with the cis chamber grounded. 1,2-Diphytanoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine (Avanti Polar Lipids, USA) dissolved in pentane (10mg/ml) was deposited on the surface of the buffer in both chambers and monolayers formed after the pentane evaporated. The lipid bilayer was formed by raising the liquid level up and down across the aperture. OmpG proteins (~1 nM, final concentration) were added to the cis chamber and +200mV was applied to facilitate OmpG insertion. After a single OmpG pore inserted, the applied voltage was lowered to 50 mV for recording. OmpG proteins inserted in the planar lipid bilayer bi-directionally with its extracellular loops located at either cis or trans side. After 10 min recording, the orientation of the OmpG pore in the lipid bilayer was determined by analyzing the asymmetrical gating pattern at positive and negative potentials.61 (link) Streptavidin or antibodies were added to the cis or trans chamber depending on the pore orientation and the solution was stirred for 10 s. We define a positive potential as the potential of the chamber where the extracellular loops were exposed to is positive. Current was amplified with an Axopatch 200B integrating patch clamp amplifier (Axon Instruments, Foster City, CA). Signals were filtered with a Bessel filter at 2 kHz (unless otherwise stated) and then acquired by a computer (sampling at 50 μs) after digitization with a Digidata 1320A/D board (Axon Instruments).
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Pentane
Pentane
Pentane is a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C5H12.
It is a colorless, flammable liquid with a faint gasoline-like odor.
Pentane is commonly used as a solvent, propellant, and blowing agent in various industries.
It has applications in chemical synthesis, pharmaceuticals, and as a fuel component.
Pentane is also an important component in the extraction and separation of natural gas and petroleum products.
Reserachers can use PubCompare.ai to easily identify the best protocols for Pentane research from literature, pre-prints, and patents, enhancing the reliability and reproducibility of their studies.
It is a colorless, flammable liquid with a faint gasoline-like odor.
Pentane is commonly used as a solvent, propellant, and blowing agent in various industries.
It has applications in chemical synthesis, pharmaceuticals, and as a fuel component.
Pentane is also an important component in the extraction and separation of natural gas and petroleum products.
Reserachers can use PubCompare.ai to easily identify the best protocols for Pentane research from literature, pre-prints, and patents, enhancing the reliability and reproducibility of their studies.
Most cited protocols related to «Pentane»
Antibodies
Axon
Buffers
Electricity
hexadecane
Lanugo
Lipid Bilayers
Lipids
pentane
Proteins
sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine
Streptavidin
Teflon
2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate
Acetone
Dimethylformamide
Ethyl Ether
Gel Chromatography
High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies
Nitrogen
pentane
poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)
Polymerization
Polymers
Polymethyl Methacrylate
Solvents
Spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
E. coli polar lipids were dried under N2 and washed once with pentane. They were then suspended to a final concentration of 20 mg/ml in reconstitution buffer, RB (450 mM KCl, 25 mM citric acid, 25 mM phosphoric acid, adjusted to pH 7.0 with KOH), to which 35 mM CHAPS was added. The suspension was sonicated to clarity, and after a 2-h incubation CLC-ec1 protein was added to the desired concentration: 25–90 μg protein/mg lipid for planar bilayer reconstitution and 1.5 μg/mg for 36Cl− uptake. Detergent was dialyzed out overnight, and the resulting liposomes were fast frozen in ethanol/dry ice and stored at −80°C. A few experiments used liposomes made from POPE/POPG, with similar results.
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylethanolamine
3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate
Buffers
Citric Acid
Detergents
Dry Ice
Escherichia coli
Ethanol
Freezing
Lipid Bilayers
Lipids
Liposomes
pentane
Phosphoric Acids
Proteins
Staphylococcal Protein A
Protein reconstitution into planar lipid bilayers was probed by electrical recordings58 (link)59 (link). The two sides of the chamber, cis and trans (1.5 ml each), were separated by a 25 μm-thick Teflon septum (Goodfellow Corporation). An aperture in the septum, ~80 μm in diameter, was pretreated with hexadecane (Sigma-Aldrich), which was dissolved in highly purified pentane (Fisher) at a concentration of 10% (v/v). Both the cis and trans chambers contained 1 M KCl, 10 mM Tris, pH 8.0. A planar lipid bilayer of 1,2 diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-phosphatidylcholine (Avanti) was formed across the aperture. Monomeric c-ring (extracted and purified in UnDM and containing less than 1% detergent) was added to the cis chamber to a final concentration of ~0.2–0.8 ng/ml. Single-channel currents were acquired by using an Axopatch 200B patch-clamp amplifier (Axon) in the whole-cell mode (β = 1) with a CV-203BU headstage. The cis chamber was grounded, meaning that a positive current represents positive charge moving from the trans to the cis side. A Precision T3500 Tower Workstation Desktop PC (Dell) was equipped with a DigiData 1322 A A/D converter (Axon) for data acquisition. Single-channel electrical traces were low-pass filtered with an 8-pole Bessel filter (Model 900; Frequency Devices) at a frequency of 10 kHz and sampled at 50 kHz. pClamp 10.3 software (Axon) was used for data acquisition and analysis.
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1,2-diphytanoylphosphatidylcholine
Axon
Cells
Detergents
Electricity
hexadecane
Lipid A
Lipid Bilayers
Medical Devices
pentane
Proteins
Teflon
Tromethamine
SliK was expressed in E. coli and purified as described (Heginbotham et al., 1997 (link)), with minor modifications. Cells were grown in 30-liter cultures of “Terrific broth,” and expression was induced at A550 = 1.0. Bacterial membranes were prepared and stored at −70°C in aliquots in buffer A (100 mM NaPi, 5 mM NaCl, pH 7.0) containing 200 mM sucrose. For purification of SliK, an aliquot was thawed, extracted in 15 mM C12M, and loaded onto a Ni2+ affinity column in the presence of 30–35 mM imidazole. The purified protein was stored at 4°C at a concentration of 2–10 mg/ml in buffer A containing 1 mM C12M, with or without 400 mM imidazole. Activity measurements were performed 1–7 d after purification, with no obvious decrease in function over that time.
All liposome reconstitution procedures were carried out at room temperature. Lipids were dried under a nitrogen stream, dissolved in pentane, redried, and resuspended at 10 mg/ml in buffer B (450 mM KCl, 10 mM HEPES, 4 mM NMG, pH 7.4) using a bath sonicator. CHAPS was added to a final concentration of 37 mM to solubilize the lipid, and the suspension was incubated for 2 h. SliK was added to the lipid at the desired protein: lipid ratio, and the mixture was incubated 20 min. Reconstituted liposomes were formed by centrifuging the detergent-solubilized lipid/SliK mixture through gel filtration columns. These were prepared from Sephadex G-50 (fine) swollen overnight in buffer B and poured into 5-ml disposable columns (1.5-ml bed volume). Columns were prespun in a clinical centrifuge at the highest speed setting (∼1,000 g) for 13 s; detergent-solubilized samples (95 μl) were loaded on the top of each column, and liposomes were recovered by spinning the columns at 700 g for 60 s. Liposomes were prepared 0.5–3 h before the flux assay and were stored at room temperature until use. Immediately before the flux measurement, a second G-50 spin column equilibrated with buffer C (400 mM sorbitol, 10 mM Hepes, 4 mM NMG, 30–50 μM KCl, pH 7.4) was used to exchange the extra-liposomal solution. Except for experiments reported in Fig.5 , mixed E. coli lipids were used for reconstitution.
All liposome reconstitution procedures were carried out at room temperature. Lipids were dried under a nitrogen stream, dissolved in pentane, redried, and resuspended at 10 mg/ml in buffer B (450 mM KCl, 10 mM HEPES, 4 mM NMG, pH 7.4) using a bath sonicator. CHAPS was added to a final concentration of 37 mM to solubilize the lipid, and the suspension was incubated for 2 h. SliK was added to the lipid at the desired protein: lipid ratio, and the mixture was incubated 20 min. Reconstituted liposomes were formed by centrifuging the detergent-solubilized lipid/SliK mixture through gel filtration columns. These were prepared from Sephadex G-50 (fine) swollen overnight in buffer B and poured into 5-ml disposable columns (1.5-ml bed volume). Columns were prespun in a clinical centrifuge at the highest speed setting (∼1,000 g) for 13 s; detergent-solubilized samples (95 μl) were loaded on the top of each column, and liposomes were recovered by spinning the columns at 700 g for 60 s. Liposomes were prepared 0.5–3 h before the flux assay and were stored at room temperature until use. Immediately before the flux measurement, a second G-50 spin column equilibrated with buffer C (400 mM sorbitol, 10 mM Hepes, 4 mM NMG, 30–50 μM KCl, pH 7.4) was used to exchange the extra-liposomal solution. Except for experiments reported in Fig.
3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate
Bacteria
Bath
Biological Assay
Buffers
Cells
Detergents
Escherichia coli
Gel Chromatography
HEPES
imidazole
Lipids
Liposomes
Nitrogen
pentane
Proteins
sephadex G 50
Sodium Chloride
Sorbitol
Sucrose
Tissue, Membrane
Most recents protocols related to «Pentane»
L-lysine (base) (146 mg, 1.0 mmol) and benzene-1,2-diamine (108 mg, 1.0 mmol), dissolve in 5 mL anhydrous glacial acetic acid (AGAA) in a 20 mL round bottom flask, place in a system with a reflux condenser and a Dean-Stark nozzle. Boil with the reflux condenser and extract 3 mL of AGAA. Then, the Dean-Stark nozzle is disconnected, and the solution is boiled with reflux condenser for 5 hours. The solution is cooled, 9 mL of ethanol is added and placed in a −15 ° C freezer. The precipitate (IVb) is filtered off and recrystallized from a 1:3 mixture of AGAA and ethanol, and the precipitate is dried. (S)-1-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)pentane-1,5-diamine (IVb) is obtained as a gray-yellow powder. For analytical purposes, the product (IVb) is additionally was purified by prep-HPLC (Phenomenex Luna C18 100 mm × 40 mm × 5 μm, mobile phase: [water (0.1%TClA) − ACN]: 20−55%, 12 min).1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 1.19 (m, 2H), 1.52 (m, 2H), 1.81 (m, 2H), 1.91 (m, 2H),2.74 (dd, 2H), 3.95 (br s,1H), 4.34 (m, 1H), 7.32 (2dd, 1H). 13CNMR (126 MHz, CD3OD) δ 22.09, 24.39, 27.69, 30.66, 41.90, 58.06, 58.66, 79.20, HRMS (ESI+): m/z calcd for C12H18N4: 218.3011 [M + H]+; found: 218.31149 [M + H]+.
To a solution of organocatalyst (0.010 mmol SQ , TSQ or TU ) in DCM (0.5 mL) metal acetate (0.005 mmol Cu(OAc)2 or Ni(OAc)2 or AgOAc) was added. To this solution trans‐β‐nitrostyrene (6 , 0.100 mmol), then pentane‐2,4‐dione (7 , 0.190 mmol) were added. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. The volatile components were removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by preparative thin layer chromatography on silica gel using hexane:ethyl acetate=2 : 1 mixture (Rf=0.36) as eluent to obtain Michael adduct as pale‐yellow crystals. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, 25 °C) δ 1.93 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 4.21–4.26 (m, 1H), 4.35–4.37 (m, 1H), 4.61–4.63 (m, 2H), 7.11–7.18 (m, 2H), 7.29–7.32 (m, 3H); 13C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3, 25 °C) δ 29.7, 30.6, 42.9, 70.9, 78.3, 128.1, 128.7, 129.5, 136.1, 201.1, 201.9 ppm. Yields and enantiomeric excess (ee) values can be seen in Table 1 . These products had the same spectroscopic data than those of reported (the absolute configuration was determined by the optical rotation of the products).
[26] Phenomenex Lux® 5 μm, Cellulose‐1 column (250×4.6 mm ID, a mixture of hexane:ethanol=85 : 15 as the eluent with a flow rate of 0.8 mL min−1, UV detector α=254 nm); UV detector 254 nm, 5 μL or 10 μL injection, 20 °C. Retention time for (S)‐8 : 16.5 min, for (R)‐8 : 18.1 min.
[26] Phenomenex Lux® 5 μm, Cellulose‐1 column (250×4.6 mm ID, a mixture of hexane:ethanol=85 : 15 as the eluent with a flow rate of 0.8 mL min−1, UV detector α=254 nm); UV detector 254 nm, 5 μL or 10 μL injection, 20 °C. Retention time for (S)‐
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Single crystals of racemic D6H were grown in CH 2 Cl 2 with the diffusion of a vapor of n-pentane. Typically, 5.0 mg of racemic D6H was dissolved in 1 mL of CH 2 Cl 2 , and a vapor of n-pentane was allowed to diffuse into the solution for 3 days. The resulting crystals were washed with n-pentane and then dried.
Reactions were prepared in sealed vials containing 1 mM SAM, 75 μM GPP, 12.5 μM Sg MT, 10 mM Hepes pH 7.5, 5 mM MgCl2, 1 mM DTT and 0.5 μM Sg 2-MIBS, 5 μM Sg Enc_2-MIBS, or 5 μM Sg Enc_2-MIBS + 500 μM cAMP. A 100 μL pentane cushion was pipetted on the top of each reaction, and the reactions were incubated for 20 h at room temperature. Samples were centrifuged for 1 min at 14,000 × g, the aqueous layer was transferred to a tube containing 200 μL of pentane, mixed by vortexing, and spun again for 1 min at 14,000 × g, and the pentane layer then pooled with the other pentane layers. 2 to 3 small crystals of disodium sulfate were added to each pentane extract to remove residual water, incubated for 10 min at room temperature, and the pentane layer then transferred to sample vials for GC-MS analysis. The same extraction procedure was used for the 2-MIB standard with a starting concentration of approximately 100 μM. 1 μL of each sample was injected into a Shimadzu QP-2010 GC-MS instrument equipped with a DB-5 column, run in splitless mode with a column flow rate of 0.97 mL/min and a temperature ramp of 60°C to 280°C at 20°C/min. Data analysis was carried out in OpenChrom v 1.5.
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Headspace volatiles from both nasonov and tarsal glands from ten foraging bees were routinely extracted using the protocol described by Jarau et al., (2006) . Glands were dissected by excising the 6 th and 7 th abdominal tergite region (nasonov gland) between the tarsus and metatarsus region (tarsal gland) in sterile saline solution and soaking in lml of pentane for 24 hours at room temperature (24°C), thereafter evaporating the solvent under a gentle stream of nitrogen gas to adjust 100µl per pair of glands (e.g., 10 nasonov glands in 500 µL pentane /10 tarsal glands in 500 µL pentane), thus 100µl of the pooled extracts corresponded to the gland content of one individual bee (one bee equivalent).
Extracts were stored in -20 o C until ready to use for chemical analyses. A pure pentane control was subjected to similar evaporation process.
Extracts were stored in -20 o C until ready to use for chemical analyses. A pure pentane control was subjected to similar evaporation process.
Top products related to «Pentane»
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Pentane is a colorless, volatile hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C5H12. It is commonly used as a laboratory solvent and in the production of certain chemicals.
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N-pentane is a hydrocarbon solvent commonly used in laboratory settings. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic odor. N-pentane serves as a solvent and extraction agent for a variety of chemical processes.
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Methanol is a clear, colorless, and flammable liquid that is widely used in various industrial and laboratory applications. It serves as a solvent, fuel, and chemical intermediate. Methanol has a simple chemical formula of CH3OH and a boiling point of 64.7°C. It is a versatile compound that is widely used in the production of other chemicals, as well as in the fuel industry.
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Hydrochloric acid is a commonly used laboratory reagent. It is a clear, colorless, and highly corrosive liquid with a pungent odor. Hydrochloric acid is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride gas.
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Hexadecane is a saturated hydrocarbon compound with the chemical formula C16H34. It is a colorless, odorless liquid at room temperature. Hexadecane is commonly used as a reference material and solvent in various laboratory applications.
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Pentane is a colorless, volatile hydrocarbon compound that is used as a laboratory reagent. It has the chemical formula C5H12 and is the straight-chain isomer of the alkane series. Pentane is commonly used as a solvent, as a fuel, and in various industrial processes.
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Sodium hydroxide is a chemical compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white, odorless, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water and is a strong base. It is commonly used in various laboratory applications as a reagent.
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Dichloromethane is a clear, colorless, and volatile liquid commonly used as a laboratory solvent. It has a molecular formula of CH2Cl2 and a molar mass of 84.93 g/mol. Dichloromethane is known for its high solvent power and low boiling point, making it suitable for various laboratory applications where a versatile and efficient solvent is required.
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NaCl is a chemical compound commonly known as sodium chloride. It is a white, crystalline solid that is widely used in various industries, including pharmaceutical and laboratory settings. NaCl's core function is to serve as a basic, inorganic salt that can be used for a variety of applications in the lab environment.
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Ethanol is a clear, colorless liquid chemical compound commonly used in laboratory settings. It is a key component in various scientific applications, serving as a solvent, disinfectant, and fuel source. Ethanol has a molecular formula of C2H6O and a range of industrial and research uses.
More about "Pentane"
Pentane, also known as n-pentane or normal pentane, is a colorless, flammable, and volatile liquid hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C5H12.
It is a saturated aliphatic compound, meaning it contains only single bonds between its carbon atoms.
Pentane is commonly used as a solvent, propellant, and blowing agent in various industries due to its low boiling point and high volatility.
It has applications in chemical synthesis, pharmaceuticals, and as a fuel component, particularly in the extraction and separation of natural gas and petroleum products.
Researchers can utilize platforms like PubCompare.ai to easily identify the best protocols for Pentane research from literature, pre-prints, and patents, enhancing the reliability and reproducibility of their studies.
This can be particularly useful when working with other related substances like Methanol, Hydrochloric acid, Hexadecane, Sodium hydroxide, Dichloromethane, and Ethanol, which may share similar properties or be used in conjunction with Pentane.
By leveraging the insights and comparisons provided by PubCompare.ai, scientists can optimize their Pentane research and ensure the accuracy and reproducibility of their findings.
It is a saturated aliphatic compound, meaning it contains only single bonds between its carbon atoms.
Pentane is commonly used as a solvent, propellant, and blowing agent in various industries due to its low boiling point and high volatility.
It has applications in chemical synthesis, pharmaceuticals, and as a fuel component, particularly in the extraction and separation of natural gas and petroleum products.
Researchers can utilize platforms like PubCompare.ai to easily identify the best protocols for Pentane research from literature, pre-prints, and patents, enhancing the reliability and reproducibility of their studies.
This can be particularly useful when working with other related substances like Methanol, Hydrochloric acid, Hexadecane, Sodium hydroxide, Dichloromethane, and Ethanol, which may share similar properties or be used in conjunction with Pentane.
By leveraging the insights and comparisons provided by PubCompare.ai, scientists can optimize their Pentane research and ensure the accuracy and reproducibility of their findings.