Freshly dissected tibiae, lumbar vertebrae and calvarial bones were stripped of soft tissue, and placed in 20 ml of 10% neutral phosphate buffered formalin, After fixation, samples were washed with PBS, transferred to 70% ethanol for 4–24 h. All of the bones were dehydrated in graded ethanol (95%, two baths; 100%, four baths), for at least 4 hours each at 4°C. Following dehydration, they were placed in infiltration medium containing 85% destabilized methyl methacrylate (MMA; Sigma, St. Louis, MO), 15% dibutyl phthalate (Sigma), and 0.15% benzoyl peroxide (Polysciences, Inc., Warrington, PA). After three days under vacuum, the bones were removed from the infiltration MMA and placed on pre-polymerized base layers, covered with freshly catalyzed MMA, and incubated for two days at 37.8ºC in a radiant heat oven (Labline, Melrose Park, IL). Glass vials were removed from the oven, cooled at −20.8°C for 1 h, and the specimen blocks removed by breaking the glass. Specimen blocks were trimmed, sectioned, and sequentially polished. The BSEM was used to image the osteocyte lacunae on the sectioned bone surface in the standardized areas. With the analysis software, the images were thresholded. Then the areas of approximately 250 lacunae from each sample were measured in a blinded fashion.
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Peroxide, Benzoyl
Peroxide, Benzoyl
Peroxide, Benzoyl: A common topical treatment for acne, Benzoyl Peroxide is an oxidizing agent that helps reduce bacterial growth and unclog pores.
It works by generating free radicals that disrupt the cell walls of Propionibacterium acnes, the primary acne-causing bacteria.
Benzoyl Peroxide is available in various concentrations and formulations, such as gels, creams, and washes.
It may cause dryness, peeling, and irritation, especially at higher concentrates, so it's important to start with a low dose and gradually increase as tolerated.
When used properly, Benzoyl Peroxide can be an effectiive component of an acne managment regimen.
It works by generating free radicals that disrupt the cell walls of Propionibacterium acnes, the primary acne-causing bacteria.
Benzoyl Peroxide is available in various concentrations and formulations, such as gels, creams, and washes.
It may cause dryness, peeling, and irritation, especially at higher concentrates, so it's important to start with a low dose and gradually increase as tolerated.
When used properly, Benzoyl Peroxide can be an effectiive component of an acne managment regimen.
Most cited protocols related to «Peroxide, Benzoyl»
Bath
Bones
Calvaria
Dehydration
Ethanol
Formalin
Methylmethacrylate
Osteocytes
Peroxide, Benzoyl
Phosphates
Phthalate, Dibutyl
Tibia
Tissues
Vacuum
Vertebrae, Lumbar
The hydrogel was synthesized by free radical polymerization of NIPAAm, HEMA, and a macromer acrylate-oligolactide (AOLA). In brief, NIPAAm, HEMA, and AOLA with molar ratio of 86/10/4 were dissolved in 150 mL 1,4-dioxane under the protection of nitrogen. Initiator benzoyl peroxide was then added. The polymerization reaction was conducted at 70 °C for 24 h with continuous stirring. The solution was precipitated in hexane. The obtained polymer was purified twice using THF as dissolving solvent and diethyl ether as precipitation solvent82 (link).
Hydrogel solution (20 wt%) was prepared by dissolving the synthesized polymer in Dulbecco’s modified phosphate buffer saline (DPBS) at 4 °C. The thermal transition temperature of the solution was measured utilizing DSC over a temperature range of 0 °C and 60 °C with a heating rate of 10 °C/min9 (link),89 (link). Injectability of the hydrogel solution was tested by injecting the solution through a 28-gauge needle typically used for tissue injection90 (link). Gelation time of the hydrogel solution was determined using a temperature controllable Olympus 1 × 71 microscope9 (link). The time needed for the 4 °C hydrogel solution to become completely opaque at 37 °C was considered as gelation time. Hydrogel degradation was conducted in DPBS at 37 °C for 4 weeks. Weight loss was determined. At least 5 samples were used for degradation study.
Hydrogel solution (20 wt%) was prepared by dissolving the synthesized polymer in Dulbecco’s modified phosphate buffer saline (DPBS) at 4 °C. The thermal transition temperature of the solution was measured utilizing DSC over a temperature range of 0 °C and 60 °C with a heating rate of 10 °C/min9 (link),89 (link). Injectability of the hydrogel solution was tested by injecting the solution through a 28-gauge needle typically used for tissue injection90 (link). Gelation time of the hydrogel solution was determined using a temperature controllable Olympus 1 × 71 microscope9 (link). The time needed for the 4 °C hydrogel solution to become completely opaque at 37 °C was considered as gelation time. Hydrogel degradation was conducted in DPBS at 37 °C for 4 weeks. Weight loss was determined. At least 5 samples were used for degradation study.
2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate
acrylate
Buffers
dioxane
Ethyl Ether
Free Radicals
Hydrogels
Molar
n-hexane
Needles
Nitrogen
Peroxide, Benzoyl
Phosphates
Polymerization
Polymers
Saline Solution
Solvents
Tissues
2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate
acryloyl chloride
Acylation
Bath
Cold Temperature
dilactide
dioxane
Ethyl Ether
Free Radicals
Hydrogels
Methanol
Molar
n-hexane
Peroxide, Benzoyl
Polymerization
Polymers
Vacuum
azobis(isobutyronitrile)
Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique
Light
Martius yellow
Medical Devices
Nails
Peroxide, Benzoyl
Polymerization
Resins, Plant
Vision
The raw materials that were used in the experiments were as follows: (I) Ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymers (EPDM) rubber as eco-composite matrix was of Nordel 4760 type, produced by Dow Chemical Company (Michigan, MI, USA) (mooney viscosity of 70 ML1+4 at 120 °C, ethylene content of 70%, 5-ethylidenenorbornene (ENB) content of 4.9 wt %, density of 0.88 g/cm3 and crystallinity degree of 10%), (II) Polyethylene glycol (PEG) as process aid was of PEG 4000 type supplied by Advance Petrochemicals Ltd. (Ahmedabad, India) (density of 1128 g/cm3 and melting point in the range of 4–8 °C), (III) Pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate) as an antioxidant was of Irganox 1010 type bought from BASF Schweiz (Basel, Switzerland), (IV) Dibenzoyl peroxide as a cross-linking agent was of Perkadox 14-40B type from AkzoNobel Chemicals (Deventer, The Netherlands) (density 1.60 g/cm3, 3.8% active oxygen content, 40% peroxide content, pH 7), (V) sawdust was of fir wood type obtained from a local sawmill in Romania (Sebes, Romania) (size particles—mash 250–270, single type of wood).
Blends were prepared on an electrically-heated laboratory roller. For preparation of the polymeric composites, the blend constituents were added in the following sequences and amounts: 100 parts of EPDM were rolled until binding for 1–2 min, than 3 phr of PEG 4000, and 1 phr Irganox 1010 were added and embedded for another 3–4 min and finally 5 and 15 phr of wood sawdust were added and mixed for 2–4 min until the homogenization. Blends were removed from the roll in the form of the sheet that is about 2 mm thick. Test specimens were obtained by compression molding at 160 °C and a pressure of 150 MPa using an electrical press for 5 min. Plates were then cooled to room temperature under pressure. Process variables were as follows: temperature between 25–50 ± 5 °C, friction 1:1.1, and total blending time 8–14 min. Plates required for physical and mechanical tests with sizes of 150 × 150 × 2 mm3 were obtained by pressing in a hydraulic press at 110 ± 5 °C and 150 MPa [8 (link)].
Samples vulcanized with dibenzoyl peroxide were prepared in the same way as those for the electron beam, while adding 8 phr of the vulcanizing agent dibenzoyl peroxide Perkadox 14-4B in a hydraulic press at 160 °C for 20 min.
Blends were prepared on an electrically-heated laboratory roller. For preparation of the polymeric composites, the blend constituents were added in the following sequences and amounts: 100 parts of EPDM were rolled until binding for 1–2 min, than 3 phr of PEG 4000, and 1 phr Irganox 1010 were added and embedded for another 3–4 min and finally 5 and 15 phr of wood sawdust were added and mixed for 2–4 min until the homogenization. Blends were removed from the roll in the form of the sheet that is about 2 mm thick. Test specimens were obtained by compression molding at 160 °C and a pressure of 150 MPa using an electrical press for 5 min. Plates were then cooled to room temperature under pressure. Process variables were as follows: temperature between 25–50 ± 5 °C, friction 1:1.1, and total blending time 8–14 min. Plates required for physical and mechanical tests with sizes of 150 × 150 × 2 mm3 were obtained by pressing in a hydraulic press at 110 ± 5 °C and 150 MPa [8 (link)].
Samples vulcanized with dibenzoyl peroxide were prepared in the same way as those for the electron beam, while adding 8 phr of the vulcanizing agent dibenzoyl peroxide Perkadox 14-4B in a hydraulic press at 160 °C for 20 min.
Antioxidants
Electricity
Electrons
Ethylenes
Friction
Irganox 1010
pentaerythritol
Peroxide, Benzoyl
Peroxides
Physical Examination
polyethylene glycol 4000
Polyethylene Glycols
Polymers
Pressure
Propionate
propylene
Reactive Oxygen Species
Rubber
TERT protein, human
Viscosity
Most recents protocols related to «Peroxide, Benzoyl»
Example 7
A composition comprising 5% Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as active ingredient:
The process for the preparation of the compositions listed above was as follows:
-
- 1. Disodium EDTA and Carbomer were added to the water and homogenized;
- 2. Glycerin was added to stage 1 and the mixture was stirred;
- 3. PED-40 hydrogenated castor oil was heated to 40° C. separately and after clear liquid was obtained, it was added to stage 2;
- 4. 20% solution of sodium hydroxide was added for neutralization;
- 5. A solution of imidazolidinyl urea in water was added to stage 4;
- 6. Benzoyl peroxide was added to ethoxydiglycol separately and passed through Fryma colloid mill, twice;
- 7. Silica microspheres were added to the stage 6 and resultant mixture was stirred;
- 8. Stage 7 was added to stage 5 and the mixture was homogenized.
carbomer
Castor oil
Colloids
EDTA, Disodium
Glycerin
hydroxide ion
imidazolidinyl urea
Microspheres
Peroxide, Benzoyl
Pharmaceutical Preparations
Silicon Dioxide
Sodium-20
Sodium Hydroxide
urea-EDTA
Protocol full text hidden due to copyright restrictions
Open the protocol to access the free full text link
Absolute Alcohol
Bath
Bone Tissue
Ethanol
Femur
fluorexon
Methylmethacrylate
Mice, House
Microscopy, Fluorescence
Minerals
Peroxide, Benzoyl
Phthalate, Dibutyl
Submersion
Tissues
Xylene
Bone samples were divided for histologic and histomorphometric evaluation. Samples were cut and fixed in 10% (w/v) formalin (Bio-Optica) for 3 days. For histomorphometric analysis, undecalcified samples were processed for plastic embedding, using a previously described protocol. Briefly, samples were dehydrated in a graded series of ethanol [50, 70 and 100% (v/v)], followed by immersion in xylol for 24 h. The undecalcified bone samples were infiltrated with a plastic embedding mixture using a three-step protocol. In each step, the samples were infiltrated for three consecutive days with daily freshly made solutions, containing 75% (v/v) of methylmethacrylate (MMA, Sigma-Aldrich) and 25% (v/v) of dibutyl phthalate (Prolabo) with increase in concentrations (0 g/mL; 0.01 g/mL and 0.025 g/mL) of benzoyl peroxide (Sigma-Aldrich). Polymerization was carried out at 37 °C for a week. The plastic blocks, containing the processed bone samples, were cut into 7 µm sections using a tungsten knife (Leica). After deplasticization, the sections were stained with toluidine blue staining. Trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) was determined using the Osteomeasure bone histomorphometry software (OsteoMetrics, OsteoMetrics, Inc.). The percentage of adipose tissue was calculated using a 15 to 11 points grid [38 (link), 39 (link)].
Bones
Cancellous Bone
Ethanol
Formalin
Methylmethacrylate
Peroxide, Benzoyl
Phthalate, Dibutyl
Polymerization
Submersion
Tissue, Adipose
Tolonium Chloride
Tungsten
Xylene
Patients with active facial acne of mild-to-moderate severity (Global Acne Grading Scale [GAGS] score from 1 to 30) [14 (link), 15 (link)] were eligible for inclusion. Subjects were excluded if they had previously received oral retinoids, oral antibiotics, tretinoin, or benzoyl peroxide. In addition, patients with diabetes mellitus, endocrine disease, or severe physical illnesses and those who were currently using oral contraceptives, implantable contraceptives, or steroids were excluded [16 ]. All participants involved in the microbiological and clinical investigations were asked to withdraw any topical product 14 days before the beginning of the studies. Moreover, they were not allowed to use any topical intervention throughout the entire study period. The study participants were instructed to apply the topical cream over acne areas twice per day (morning and evening) for 60 days in the microbiological study and for 8 weeks in the clinical study. There were no known protocol deviations during the study. Both investigations were approved by the local Ethics Committee (identifier: 2021/14E) and were in accordance with the tenets of the Helsinki Declaration. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.
Acne Vulgaris
Antibiotics
Contraceptive Agents
Contraceptives, Oral
Diabetes Mellitus
Endocrine System Diseases
Face
Patients
Peroxide, Benzoyl
Physical Examination
Regional Ethics Committees
Retinoids
Steroids
Tretinoin
Azide-functionalized tetraphenylethene (TPE-N3) was synthesized in two steps with an 80% total yield. (1) Synthesis of 1-(4-methylphenyl)-1,2,2-triphenylethene. To a 250 mL two-necked round-bottom flask equipped with a stirring bar, 5.05 g (30 mmol) of diphenylmethane was added and dissolved in 100 mL of anhydrous THF. Then, the mixture was cooled down to 0 °C, and 15 mL (2.5 M in hexane, 37.5 mmol) of n-butyllithium was slowly added by a syringe. The mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 1 h. Next, 4.91 g (25 mmol) of 4-methylbenzophenone was added into the flask, and the mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred overnight. The reaction mixture was then quenched with saturated NH4Cl solution and subsequently extracted with DCM (three times). Organic layers were collected and concentrated on a rotary evaporator under reduced pressure. The crude product with 0.20 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid was dissolved in 100 mL of toluene. The mixture was heated and refluxed for 4 h. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was extracted with DCM (three times). The organic layers were collected and concentrated. The crude product was analyzed with LC–MS (purity > 95%) and was used in the next step without purification (4.08 g, 95% yield). HR-MS (MALDI-TOF): m/z 346.1701 [(M)+, calc. 346.1722]. (2) Synthesis of 1-[(4-bromomethyl)phenyl]-1,2,2-triphenylethene. In a 250 mL round-bottom flask, a mixture of 3.04 g (8.77 mmol) of 1, 1.80 g (9.77 mmol) of freshly recrystallized N-bromosuccinimide, and 0.025 g of benzoyl peroxide in 60 mL of CCl4 was refluxed for 12 h. After this time, the mixture was extracted with water and DMC (3×). The organic layers were combined and dried over magnesium sulfate, and the DCM was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by silica-gel chromatography using hexane as the eluent to yield 2 as a white solid (2.42 g, 65% yield).
4-methylbenzophenone
Acids
Anabolism
Azides
Bromosuccinimide
CCL4 protein, human
Chromatography
diphenylmethane
Gel Chromatography
n-butyllithium
n-hexane
Peroxide, Benzoyl
Pressure
Silica Gel
Silicon Dioxide
Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
Sulfate, Magnesium
Syringes
Toluene
Top products related to «Peroxide, Benzoyl»
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Japan
Benzoyl peroxide is a chemical compound commonly used as a lab reagent. It is a white crystalline solid with the chemical formula C6H5COO)2. Benzoyl peroxide has oxidizing properties and is commonly used as a bleaching agent and disinfectant in various laboratory applications.
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Methyl methacrylate is a colorless, volatile liquid used as a raw material in the production of various polymers and copolymers. It serves as a key component in the manufacture of acrylic-based materials, such as acrylic sheets, adhesives, and coatings.
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Methanol is a clear, colorless, and flammable liquid that is widely used in various industrial and laboratory applications. It serves as a solvent, fuel, and chemical intermediate. Methanol has a simple chemical formula of CH3OH and a boiling point of 64.7°C. It is a versatile compound that is widely used in the production of other chemicals, as well as in the fuel industry.
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Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate is a chemical compound used as a cross-linking agent in various applications. It is a colorless, viscous liquid with a characteristic odor. The primary function of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate is to create a three-dimensional network structure in polymeric materials, enhancing their mechanical and thermal properties.
Sourced in United States, Sweden, Germany
Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) is a chemical compound commonly used in laboratory settings. It is a white, crystalline solid that functions as an oxidizing agent. BPO is known for its ability to generate free radicals, which can be utilized in various chemical reactions and processes.
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Toluene is a colorless, flammable liquid with a distinctive aromatic odor. It is a common organic solvent used in various industrial and laboratory applications. Toluene has a chemical formula of C6H5CH3 and is derived from the distillation of petroleum.
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Acetonitrile is a colorless, volatile, flammable liquid. It is a commonly used solvent in various analytical and chemical applications, including liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and other laboratory procedures. Acetonitrile is known for its high polarity and ability to dissolve a wide range of organic compounds.
Sourced in China
Benzoyl peroxide is a chemical compound commonly used as a bleaching agent and in the production of various pharmaceutical and personal care products. It has a core function as an oxidizing agent.
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Acetone is a colorless, volatile, and flammable liquid. It is a common solvent used in various industrial and laboratory applications. Acetone has a high solvency power, making it useful for dissolving a wide range of organic compounds.
Sourced in Belgium, United Kingdom
Benzoyl peroxide is a chemical compound used in various laboratory applications. It is a white or yellowish crystalline solid with the chemical formula C6H5COO. Benzoyl peroxide is commonly used as an oxidizing agent, bleaching agent, and initiator in chemical reactions.
More about "Peroxide, Benzoyl"
Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) is a widely used topical treatment for acne, working as an oxidizing agent to reduce bacterial growth and unclog pores.
It disrupts the cell walls of Propionibacterium acnes, the primary acne-causing bacteria.
BPO is available in various formulations, including gels, creams, and washes, with concentrations ranging from low to high.
Though it may cause dryness, peeling, and irritation, especially at higher concentrations, BPO can be an effective component of an acne management regimen when used properly.
Related terms and compounds include methyl methacrylate, a monomer used in dental and medical applications, methanol, a flammable alcohol, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, a crosslinking agent, toluene, a solvent, acetonitrile, a polar aprotic solvent, and acetone, a common laboratory and industrial solvent.
By understanding the properties and uses of these related substances, researchers can optimize their investigations into benzoyl peroxide and peroxide-based treatments.
PubCompare.ai provides a valuable AI-driven platform to enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of such research.
It disrupts the cell walls of Propionibacterium acnes, the primary acne-causing bacteria.
BPO is available in various formulations, including gels, creams, and washes, with concentrations ranging from low to high.
Though it may cause dryness, peeling, and irritation, especially at higher concentrations, BPO can be an effective component of an acne management regimen when used properly.
Related terms and compounds include methyl methacrylate, a monomer used in dental and medical applications, methanol, a flammable alcohol, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, a crosslinking agent, toluene, a solvent, acetonitrile, a polar aprotic solvent, and acetone, a common laboratory and industrial solvent.
By understanding the properties and uses of these related substances, researchers can optimize their investigations into benzoyl peroxide and peroxide-based treatments.
PubCompare.ai provides a valuable AI-driven platform to enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of such research.