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Phenobarbital

Phenobarbital is a barbiturate medication commonly used as an anticonvulsant and sedative-hypnotic.
It is effective in the treatment of various seizure disorders, including epilepsy.
Phenobarbital works by enhancing the inhibitory effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, which can help to reduce neuronal excitability and prevent seizures.
This MeSH term provides a concise overview of the key characteristics and applications of Phenobarbital, a widely-studied pharmaceutical agent.
Reserchers can leverge PubCompare.ai's AI-driven comparisons to optimize Phenobarbital-related experiments and enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of their findings.

Most cited protocols related to «Phenobarbital»

1
Engineered IFT20 Expression Constructs
Cited 164 times
The full length cDNA encoding human IFT20 was isolated from SaOS2 cells and subcloned into pIRES2-ZsGreen1 vector (Clontech). To construct expression plasmids encoding the sr-IFT20, four bases in the targeting sequence within the corresponding human IFT20 cDNA were altered by PCR-based mutagenesis (GCGTAGAGTACGAAGCTTT) and subcloned into pIRES2-ZsGreen1 vector. Plasmids for VSVG-Myc, VSVG-GFP, and VSVG-KDELR-Myc were gifts from Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD). The VSVG-MT1-MMP plasmid, encoding the fusion protein consisting of the luminal and transmembrane domains of VSVG (ts045) and the cytoplasmic tail of human MT1-MMP, was constructed by replacing a portion of the VSVG-GFP plasmid encoding both the cytoplasmic tail of VSVG and GFP with the cDNA encoding the cytoplasmic tail of human MT1-MMP. The SuperTopFlash was kindly provided by Randall T. Moon (University of Washington, Seattle, WA). The sequences of the siRNAs used were as follows: si-IFT20#1, 5′-GGGUUGAAUAUGAAGCUUUdTdT-3′ (sense) and 5′-AAAGCUUCAUAUUCAACCCdTdT-3′ (anti-sense); si-IFT20#2, 5′-GCAAAGACUUUGUGGACAAUU-3′ (sense) and 5′-UUGUCCACAAAGUCUUUGCUU-3′ (anti-sense); si-AKAP450, 5′-CUUUGAAGUUAACUAUCAAUU-3′ (sense) and 5′-UUGAUAGUUAACUUCAAAGUU (anti-sense). The sequences of si-Ror2, si-Wnt5a, and negative control siRNA (si-Ctrl) were described previously4 (link).
Nishita M., Park S.Y., Nishio T., Kamizaki K., Wang Z., Tamada K., Takumi T., Hashimoto R., Otani H., Pazour G.J., Hsu V.W, & Minami Y. (2017). Ror2 signaling regulates Golgi structure and transport through IFT20 for tumor invasiveness. Scientific Reports, 7, 1.
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Publication 2017
Base Sequence Cells Cloning Vectors Cytoplasm DNA, Complementary Gifts Homo sapiens Mutagenesis Phenobarbital Plasmids Proteins RNA, Small Interfering ROR2 protein, human Tail WNT5A protein, human
2
Proteomic Profiling of TCGA Tumor Samples
Cited 95 times
All tumor samples for the current study were obtained through the TCGA Biospecimen Core Resource (BCR) as described previously6 (link). No other selection criteria other than availability were applied for this study. Patient-derived xenograft tumors from established Basal and Luminal-B breast cancer intrinsic subtypes 37 (link), 38 (link) were raised subcutaneously in 8 week old NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ mice (Jackson Labs, Bar Harbor, Maine) as previously described39 (link), 40 (link). Normal colon biopsies were obtained from screening colonoscopies performed between July 2006 and October 2010 under Vanderbilt University IRB approval #061096.
Tissue proteins were extracted and tryptic peptide digests were analyzed by multidimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Xenograft QC samples were run after every 5 colorectal tumor samples. Raw data were processed for peptide identification by database and spectral library searching and identified peptides were assembled as proteins and mapped to gene identifiers for proteogenomic comparisons. Quantitative proteomic comparisons were based on spectral count data. Detailed descriptions of the samples, LC-MS/MS analysis, and data analysis methods can be found in Supplementary Methods. All of the primary mass spectrometry data on TCGA tumor samples are deposited at the CPTAC Data Coordinating Center as raw and mzML files and complete protein assembly datasets for public access (https://cptac-data-portal.georgetown.edu).
Zhang B., Wang J., Wang X., Zhu J., Liu Q., Shi Z., Chambers M.C., Zimmerman L.J., Shaddox K.F., Kim S., Davies S.R., Wang S., Wang P., Kinsinger C.R., Rivers R.C., Rodriguez H., Townsend R.R., Ellis M.J., Carr S.A., Tabb D.L., Coffey R.J., Slebos R.J, & Liebler D.C. (2014). Proteogenomic characterization of human colon and rectal cancer. Nature, 513(7518), 382-387.
Publication 2014
Biopsy Breast Carcinoma cDNA Library Colon Colonoscopy Colorectal Neoplasms Heterografts Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Mice, Inbred NOD Neoplasms Patients Peptides Phenobarbital Proteins Tandem Mass Spectrometry Tissues Trypsin
3
Predicting Eukaryotic Protein Localization
Cited 71 times
The protein data used to train TargetP 2.0 were extracted from the UniProt database, release 2018_04 (UniProt-Consortium, 2014 (link)). The negative dataset consists of proteins without either signal or transit peptides from the nucleus, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane (without SPs) and with experimental annotation (ECO:0000269) of their subcellular localisation. The positive set contained secreted, mitochondrial, chloroplastic, and luminal proteins with experimental annotation of their signal or transit peptide. The final set consists of 9,537 noTPs, 2,697 with SPs, 499 mTPs, 227 cTPs, and 45 luTPs (see Table S1). Note that although a thylakoid targeting signal, as described in the introduction, consists of a cTP followed by an SP-like luTP, the first CS (for the stromal processing peptidase) is almost never annotated in UniProt. We were, therefore, not able to predict this CS for thylakoid proteins, only the second cleavage by thylakoidal processing peptidase will be predicted. Hereafter, “luTP” will refer to the entire thylakoid targeting signal. The dataset was further divided into four groups representing the eukaryotic kingdoms Viridiplantae, Metazoa, and Fungi and a group of other eukaryotes.
We also trained unique predictors for each eukaryotic kingdom; unfortunately, this resulted in a decrease in performance by about 5%. Most likely, this is due to smaller training sets and that the targeting peptides do not differ significantly between the kingdoms.
PSI-CD-HIT (Li & Godzik, 2006 (link)) was used to cluster the first 200 residues of each protein with 20% of identity or 10−6 E-value using Basic Local Alignmst Search Tool and alignment coverage of at least 80% of the shorter sequence. We performed a stringent homology partitioning to get a realistic assessment of generalisation performance. Each cluster of homologous proteins was assigned to one of five cross-validation groups to ensure that similar proteins were not mixed between the different datasets.
Almagro Armenteros J.J., Salvatore M., Emanuelsson O., Winther O., von Heijne G., Elofsson A, & Nielsen H. (2019). Detecting sequence signals in targeting peptides using deep learning. Life Science Alliance, 2(5), e201900429.
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Publication 2019
Cell Nucleus Chloroplasts chlorotriphenylsilane Cytokinesis Cytoplasm Eukaryota Eukaryotic Cells Fungi Generalization, Psychological Green Plants Metazoa Mitochondria Peptides Phenobarbital Plasma Membrane Protein Annotation Proteins Sequence Alignment stromal processing peptidase thylakoid processing peptidase Thylakoids
4
Molecular Subtyping of Breast Cancer
Cited 59 times
H&E sections from each block were reviewed by a pathologist (TON). Areas containing representative invasive breast carcinoma were selected and circled on the source block. Using a 1.0 mm punch needle, at least two tumor cores were extracted from the circled area. Details of RNA preparation from paraffin cores, the qRT-PCR assay for the PAM50 panel and reference genes, and how these results allow assignment into Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2-enriched and Basal-like subtypes, and the independently-trained ROR-S (Risk Of Relapse based on Subtype), ROR-T (-Tumor size weighted model), ROR-P (-Proliferation weighted model) and ROR-PT (Proliferation and Tumor size weighted) risk score assignments are presented in Supplementary Methods. For clarity, the term ROR-T is now used for the same model described in our earlier publication as ROR-C (“clinical”) (9 (link)).
Nielsen T.O., Parker J.S., Leung S., Voduc D., Ebbert M., Vickery T., Davies S.R., Snider J., Stijleman I.J., Reed J., Cheang M.C., Mardis E.R., Perou C.M., Bernard P.S, & Ellis M.J. (2010). A comparison of PAM50 intrinsic subtyping with immunohistochemistry and clinical prognostic factors in tamoxifen-treated estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 16(21), 5222-5232.
Publication 2010
Biological Assay Breast Carcinoma ERBB2 protein, human Genes Needles Neoplasms Paraffin Pathologists Phenobarbital Relapse
5
Protein Expression Analysis of Tumor Subtypes
Cited 50 times

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Publication 2018
4-carboxyphenylglyoxal ASNS protein, human beta-Catenin Brain Neoplasm, Malignant Breast Cadherins Caspase-7 CCNE1 protein, human CDKN2A Gene Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease Claudins Cyclin B1 DPP4 protein, human Estrogen Receptor alpha FASN protein, human GAPDH protein, human Gastric Cancer IGFBP-2 protein, human Kidney Liver Malignant Neoplasms Mesenchyma Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase 1 Neoplasms Phenobarbital Phosphoproteins PRKCA protein, human Protein Arrays Proteins SERPINE1 protein, human TFRC protein, human Tubulin

Most recents protocols related to «Phenobarbital»

1
Adalimumab PK/PD in Swine Colitis
Not available on PMC !

Example 11

The purpose of this non-Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) study is to explore the PK/PD and bioavailability of adalimumab when applied to DSS-induced colitis in Yorkshire-cross farm swine. All animals are randomized into groups of three. Animals are dosed once with adalimumab via subcutaneous (SC), perirectal (PR), or intracecal (IC) administration.

The concentration of adalimumab and TNFα is measured in plasma at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12 hours post-dose. The concentration of adalimumab is measured in rectal contents at 1, 3, 6, and 12 hours post-dose and in luminal content at 12 hours post-dose. Concentration of adalimumab and TNFα, HER2, and total protein is measured in gastrointestinal tissue, e.g., cecum sample (CAC), proximal colon sample (PCN), transverse colon sample (TCN), distal colon sample (DCNi) inflamed, distal colon non-inflamed sample (DCNn), and rectum sample (RTM), at 12 hours post-dose.

US11857669B2. Treatment of a disease of the gastrointestinal tract with a JAK inhibitor and devices (2024-01-02). BIORA THERAPEUTICS, INC. [US]. Inventors: Mitchell Lawrence Jones [US], Sharat Singh [US], Christopher Loren Wahl [US], Harry Stylli [US].
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Patent 2024
Adalimumab Animals Cecum Colitis Colon Drug Kinetics ERBB2 protein, human Gastrointestinal Contents Medical Devices Obstetric Delivery Phenobarbital Pigs Plasma Proteins Rectum Tissues Transverse Colon Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
2
STING Expression and TNBC Sensitivity
Not available on PMC !

Example 3

STING protein expression was measured in different breast cancer cell subtypes by western blot analysis on protein extracts from the breast cancer cell lines. Western results are shown in FIGS. 22A and 22C. STING protein levels are shown relative to β-actin control protein levels. Genotypes of the cell lines (ER+/−, PR+/−, and HER2+/−) are shown in FIG. 22B. The data presented herein demonstrates that STING levels are generally increased in TNBC (Triple Negative Breast Cancer) and luminal B cancer cell subtypes.

TNBC cell lines were also assayed for their responsiveness to the STING agonist AduroS100. Cells were treated with AduroS100 or a control and CXCL10 levels secreted into the supernatant were measured. As is shown in FIG. 22D, all TNBC cell lines showed elevated levels of the CXCL10 chemokine when treated with AduroS100 relative to a control, indicating that TNBC cells are responsive to treatment with a STING agonist, regardless of STING levels.

US11874276B2. STING levels as a biomarker for cancer immunotherapy (2024-01-16). Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. [US], The Brigham and Women's Hospital, Inc. [US]. Inventors: David Barbie [US], Israel Cañadas [US], Shunsuke Kitajima [US], Thanh Barbie [US].
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Patent 2024
Actins Breast Cancer 3 Cell Lines Cells Chemokine CXCL10 ERBB2 protein, human Genotype Malignant Neoplasm of Breast Malignant Neoplasms MCF-7 Cells Phenobarbital Proteins Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms Western Blot
3
Contractile Response of Colonic Segments to Tryptamine
Not available on PMC !

Example 3

Preparations of full-thickness colonic segments (˜1.5 cm) were allowed to equilibrate in 37° C. Kreb's-jacketed organ baths with their distal ends opening to a pressure transducer and maintained under basal pressure of 5-cm column of vehicle (RL). The proximal end was closed during pressure recordings but opened to allow luminal infusion of vehicle or tryptamine in solution (100 μM, 1 mM and 3 mM; 10 minutes per treatment; n=5-7 mice).

Contractile frequency was not significantly different comparing tryptamine treatments with vehicle controls; however, there was a trend toward increased frequency in segments treated with luminal 1 mM tryptamine compared to controls (5.9±0.8 vs 4.1±0.6; P=0.15). Mean contractile amplitude and contractile magnitude, as measured by area under the curve, were also not significantly different between control (vehicle alone) and any of the tryptamine concentrations examined. Contractile duration, measured at half amplitude, was not significantly different between vehicle controls and any of the luminal tryptamine treatments.

US11878002B2. Methods and materials for using Ruminococcus gnavus or Clostridium sporogenes to treat gastrointestinal disorders (2024-01-23). Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research [US], The Regents of the University of California [US]. Inventors: Purna C. Kashyap [US], Michael Fischbach [US], Brianna B. Williams [US].
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Patent 2024
Bath Colon Mus Muscle Contraction Phenobarbital Pressure Transducers, Pressure Tryptamines
4
Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Phenobarbital Formulations
Not available on PMC !

Example 8

Phenobarbital powder preparations were prepared by blending phenobarbital spray-dried with MCC and HPMC, and additional MCC. The phenobarbital powder formulation, phenobarbital liquid suspension and a phenobarbital powder formulation in a crystal form will be dosed to monkeys. Plasma phenobarbital concentrations and the corresponding pharmacokinetic parameters for each preparation will be determined.

US11872314B2. Pharmaceutical compositions (2024-01-16). Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd. [JP]. Inventors: Shunji Haruta [JP].
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Patent 2024
Monkeys Phenobarbital Plasma Powder
5
Integrative Multi-Omics Analysis of Metabolism
All data used in this study are publicly available. GWAS summary statistics for outcome traits measured in the UKB originate from the Neale Lab (http://www.nealelab.is/uk-biobank/). eQTL data originated from the eQTLGen Consortium (https://www.eqtlgen.org) and was published in Võsa et al., 2021 (link). mQTL data originate from Shin et al., 2014 (link), and are available at the Metabolomics GWAS Server (http://metabolomics.helmholtz-muenchen.de/gwas/). The HMDB was used to annotate metabolites and the v5.0 release from November 9, 2021, of the ‘All proteins’ file was downloaded to extract transcript-metabolite interactions (https://hmdb.ca/downloads). PubMed was used for the automated literature review (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). The UCSC Genome Browser (https://genome.ucsc.edu/) was used to visualize the FADS locus, while the GWAS Catalog was used to assess the number of reported GWAS signals in the region (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/). The STRING database was used for the enrichment analysis (https://string-db.org/). Produced data is available as Supplementary file 1 and Source Data. Code used to perform analyses is freely available at https://github.com/eleporcu/Gene_Metab_Pheno; (Porcu, 2022 copy archived at swh:1:rev:c6bff8d094e369ff0d399751fc85fcd5ea250134).
Auwerx C., Sadler M.C., Woh T., Reymond A., Kutalik Z, & Porcu E. (2023). Exploiting the mediating role of the metabolome to unravel transcript-to-phenotype associations. eLife, 12, e81097.
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Publication 2023
Genes Genome Genome-Wide Association Study Pena-Shokeir Syndrome, Type I Phenobarbital Proteins

Top products related to «Phenobarbital»

1
Mcf 7 by American Type Culture Collection
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MCF-7 is a cell line derived from human breast adenocarcinoma. It is an adherent epithelial cell line that can be used for in vitro studies.
2
Mda mb 231 by American Type Culture Collection
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MDA-MB-231 is a cell line derived from a human breast adenocarcinoma. This cell line is commonly used in cancer research and is known for its aggressive and metastatic properties.
3
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Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.
4
Phenobarbital by Merck Group
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Phenobarbital is a pharmaceutical product manufactured by Merck Group. It is a barbiturate compound commonly used as a sedative and anticonvulsant medication. The core function of Phenobarbital is to depress the central nervous system and induce a calming effect.
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Dulbecco modified eagle medium (dmem) by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium) is a cell culture medium formulated to support the growth and maintenance of a variety of cell types, including mammalian cells. It provides essential nutrients, amino acids, vitamins, and other components necessary for cell proliferation and survival in an in vitro environment.
6
Penicillin streptomycin by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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Penicillin/streptomycin is a commonly used antibiotic solution for cell culture applications. It contains a combination of penicillin and streptomycin, which are broad-spectrum antibiotics that inhibit the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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Skbr3 by American Type Culture Collection
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SKBR3 is a cell line derived from a breast adenocarcinoma. It is a commonly used model for breast cancer research.
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Trizol reagent by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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TRIzol reagent is a monophasic solution of phenol, guanidine isothiocyanate, and other proprietary components designed for the isolation of total RNA, DNA, and proteins from a variety of biological samples. The reagent maintains the integrity of the RNA while disrupting cells and dissolving cell components.
9
Dmem f12 by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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DMEM/F12 is a cell culture medium developed by Thermo Fisher Scientific. It is a balanced salt solution that provides nutrients and growth factors essential for the cultivation of a variety of cell types, including adherent and suspension cells. The medium is formulated to support the proliferation and maintenance of cells in vitro.
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Bt474 by American Type Culture Collection
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, Sweden
The BT474 is a cell line derived from a human breast carcinoma. It is a well-characterized model for studying breast cancer biology and is commonly used in research and drug development.

More about "Phenobarbital"

Phenobarbital, a barbiturate medication, is widely used as an anticonvulsant and sedative-hypnotic agent.
It is particularly effective in treating various seizure disorders, including epilepsy.
Phenobarbital works by enhancing the inhibitory effects of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, which helps reduce neuronal excitability and prevent seizures.
This versatile drug has a range of applications beyond its primary use as an anticonvulsant.
Phenobarbital has also been studied for its potential in cancer research, particularly in cell lines like MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, SKBR3, and BT474.
These breast cancer cell lines are commonly used to investigate the effects of Phenobarbital and other compounds on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and signaling pathways.
In cell culture experiments, Phenobarbital is often used in combination with other reagents, such as fetal bovine serum (FBS), Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), DMEM/F12, and Penicillin/Streptomycin.
These components provide the necessary nutrients, growth factors, and antibiotics to maintain the health and viability of the cultured cells.
Researchers can leverage PubCompare.ai's AI-driven comparisons to optimize their Phenobarbital-related experiments and enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of their findings.
By accessing the platform's comprehensive database of protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, researchers can identify the most effective and reliable methods for their Phenobarbital research, ensuring their experiments deliver consistent and reliable results.
Through the seamless integration of PubCompare.ai's intuitive interface, researchers can navigate the wealth of information on Phenobarbital, its mechanisms of action, and its applications in various research fields.
This empowers them to make informed decisions, design more robust experiments, and ultimately, advance our understanding of this versatile pharmaceutical agent.