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Phenylacetic acid

Phenylacetic acid is a naturally occuring organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5CH2COOH.
It is a colorless liquid with a characteristic odor and is used in the production of various pharmaceuticals, fragrances, and other industrial chemicals.
Phenylacetic acid is an important precursor in the synthesis of many drug molecules and can be found in various plant species.
Researchers can utilize the PubCompare.ai platform to easily locate and compare protocols from literature, preprints, and patents related to Phenylacetic acid, helping to identify the most accurate and reproducible methods and enhancing their research efforgs.

Most cited protocols related to «Phenylacetic acid»

1
Quantifying Biogenic Amines in Ant Brains
A single ant was quickly frozen using liquid N2. The brain of a frozen ant was dissected out in the ice-cold ant saline (128.3 mM NaCl, 4.7 mM KCl, 1.63 mM CaCl2, 6 mM NaHCO3, 0.32 mM NaH2PO4, 82.8 mM trehalose, pH 7.4). A single brain of a queen was collected into a micro glass homogenizer and homogenized in 50 µl of ice-cold 0.1 M perchloric acid containing 5 ng of 3, 4-dihydroxybenzylamine (DHBA, SIGMA, St Louis, MO, USA) as an internal standard. After centrifugation of the homogenate (0°C, 15000 rpm, 30 min), 40 µl of supernatant was collected. Biogenic amine in the brain was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection (ECD). The HPLC-ECD system was composed of a pump (EP-300, EICOM Co., Kyoto, Japan), an auto-sample injector (M-504, EICOM Co., Kyoto, Japan) and a C18 reversed-phase column (250 mm×4.6 mm internal diameter, 5 µm average particle size, CAPCELL PAK C18MG, Shiseido, Tokyo, Japan) heated to 30°C in the column oven. A glass carbon electrode (WE-GC, EICOM Co.) was used for electrochemical detection (ECD-100, EICOM Co.). The detector potential was set at 890 mV versus an Ag/AgCl reference electrode, which was also maintained at 30°C in a column oven. The mobile phase containing 0.18 M chloroacetic acid and 16 µM disodium EDTA was adjusted to pH 3.6 with NaOH. Sodium-1-octanesulfonate at 1.85 mM as an ion-pair reagent and CH3CN at 8.40% (v/v) as an organic modifier were added into the mobile phase solution. The flow rate was kept at 0.7 ml/min. The chromatographs were acquired using the computer program PowerChrom (eDAQ Pty Ltd, Denistone East, NSW, Australia). The supernatants of samples were injected directly onto the HPLC column. After the acquisition, they were processed to obtain the level of biogenic amines in the same sample by the ratio of the peak area of substances to the internal standard DHBA. We used a standard mixture for quantitative determination that contained amines, precursors and metabolites. Twenty compounds at 100 ng/ml each were DL-3, 4-Dihydroxy mandelic acid (DOMA), L-β-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), L-Tyrosin (Tyr), N-acetyloctopamine (Nac-OA), (−)-noradrenaline (NA), 5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan (5HTP), (−)-adrenaline (A), DL-Octopamine (OA), 3,4-Dihydroxybenzylamine (DHBA, as an internal standard), 3,4-Dihydroxy phenylacetic acid (DOPAC), N-acetyldopamine (Nac-DA), 3,4-Dihydroxyphenethylamine (DA), 5-Hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5HIAA), N-acetyltyramine (Nac-TA), N-Acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine (Nac-5HT), Tyramine (TA), L-Tryptophan (Trp), 3-Methoxytyramine (3MTA), 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5HT), 6-Hydroxymelatonin (6HM). Nac-OA Nac-DA and Nac-TA were synthesized by Dr. Matsuo (Keio University, Japan). All other substances were purchased from SIGMA.
Differences in the levels of biogenic amines were tested using Student’s t-test (P<0.05).
Aonuma H, & Watanabe T. (2012). Changes in the Content of Brain Biogenic Amine Associated with Early Colony Establishment in the Queen of the Ant, Formica japonica. PLoS ONE, 7(8), e43377.
Publication 2012
2
HPLC Analysis of Glucose, Phenylacetic Acid, and Penicillin G
Glucose concentrations in the medium were determined by HPLC using an Aminex HPX-87H column (Biorad, Hercules, USA) at 60°C with 5 mM H2SO4 as the mobile phase. Phenylacetic acid and penicillinG concentrations were determined by isocratic HPLC using a Platinum EPS C18 column (Alltech, Deerfield, USA) at 30°C. The mobile phase consisted of 5 M acetonitrile with 5 mM KH2PO4 and 6 mM H3PO4.
Harris D.M., van der Krogt Z.A., Klaassen P., Raamsdonk L.M., Hage S., van den Berg M.A., Bovenberg R.A., Pronk J.T, & Daran J.M. (2009). Exploring and dissecting genome-wide gene expression responses of Penicillium chrysogenum to phenylacetic acid consumption and penicillinG production. BMC Genomics, 10, 75.
Publication 2009
acetonitrile Glucose High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies phenylacetic acid Platinum
3
HPLC Analysis of Quercetin Metabolites
Samples from 0 and 22 h cultures were thawed in ice, vortexed extensively and 400 μl were mixed with 1000 μl HPLC-grade methanol + 20 μM genistein as internal standard, the suspension was subjected to bead beating (BioSpec Products, Bartlesville) for 2 min at RT, then heated to 56°C for 20 min and spun for 10 min at 18, 000 g at RT. Then 1 ml of the supernatant was transferred to an HPLC vial and 200 μl of 10 mM ammonium formate/0.5 M EDTA buffer (pH 3.5) was added. Quercetin and its metabolites were analyzed using a Dionex UltiMate 3000 HPLC equipped with an LPG-3400 quaternary pump, a WPS-3000 analytical autosampler, a DAD-3000 diode array detector, and a FLD-3100 fluorescence detector. Separations were performed on a Kinetex 5 μm EVO C18, 100 Å, 250 × 4.6 mm column (Phenomenex, Torrance, CA, United States). Injection volumes were 5 μL. A flow rate of 1 ml min-1 was used throughout the 59 min run. The mobile phase was a binary gradient of (A) 10 mM ammonium formate and 0.3 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid in water adjusted to pH 3.5 using concentrated HCl and (B) methanol. Solvents were vacuum filtered with 0.20 μm nylon membrane filters (Merk Millipore Ltd., Cork, Ireland). The gradient began at 5% B for 5 min, increased to 30% B over 30 min, increased to 95% B over 10 min, remained constant at 95% B for 5 min, decreased to 5% B over 2 min, and then re-equilibrated at 5% B for 7 min. Three-dimensional absorbance data were collected using the diode array detector and chromatograms of 280 nm absorbance were analyzed. Reportable values are shown in Supplementary Table S1 and an example chromatogram is shown in Supplementary Figure S1.
Samples were quantitated based on external calibration with injections of 10 μL over the linear range 1–125 μM for protocatechuic acid; 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid; 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid; 3-hydroxybenzoic acid; 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid; 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid; phenylacetic acid; quercetin; and genistein and 5–125 μM for benzoic acid. Some compounds could not be resolved by this method, namely 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid and phenylacetic acid.
Rodriguez-Castaño G.P., Dorris M.R., Liu X., Bolling B.W., Acosta-Gonzalez A, & Rey F.E. (2019). Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron Starch Utilization Promotes Quercetin Degradation and Butyrate Production by Eubacterium ramulus. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10, 1145.
Publication 2019
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid 3-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid 3-hydroxybenzoic acid 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid Acids Benzoic Acid Buffers Edetic Acid Fluorescence formic acid, ammonium salt Genistein High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies M-200 Methanol Nylons phenylacetic acid protocatechuic acid Quercetin Solvents Tissue, Membrane Vacuum
4
Quantification of Tryptophan and Phenolic Metabolites
Dietary records were analyzed using the online food calculator ‘Nubel’ and information on standardized quantification of food products. Blood and urine human samples were used to measure creatinine and urea with standard laboratory techniques. In addition, human and mice samples were analyzed for a panel of metabolites, focusing on selected tryptophan and phenolic compounds. All analyses were based on single measurements. With respect to the tryptophan metabolites, we measured tryptophan, indoxyl sulfate, indoxyl glucuronide, indole-3-acetic acid, kynurenine, kynurenic acid and quinolinic acid. Phenolic compounds included p-cresyl sulfate, p-cresyl glucuronide, phenyl sulfate, phenyl glucuronide and phenylacetic acid. All metabolites were quantified using a dedicated liquid chromatography—tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. Deuterated kynurenic acid was added as an internal standard for quantification, as described previously [24 (link)]. Before chromatography an aliquot of plasma was diluted in H2O (1:1) and deproteinized with perchloric acid (final concentration 3.3% (v/v)). Next, samples were centrifuged at 12,000 x g for 3 min. Clear supernatant was injected into the LC-MS/MS system that consisted of an Accela HPLC system coupled to a TSQ Vantage triple quadropole mass spectrometer (Thermo Fischer Scientific, Breda, the Netherlands) equipped with a C18 HPLC column (Acquity UPLC HSS T3 1.8 μm; Waters, Milford, MA). The autosampler temperature was set at 8°C and the column temperature at 40°C. The flow rate was 350 μL/min. Eluent solvent A consisted of 10 mM NH4-acetate, solvent B was 5 mM NH4-acetate and 0.1% formic acid and solvent C was 100% methanol. Samples (10 μL) were injected three times. The first injection addressed the basic negative components, including indoxyl sulfate, p-cresyl sulfate, phenyl sulfate and phenylacetic acid, because these components are stable within the acidic environment for up to 16h. The second injection addressed the acidic negative components, including indoxyl glucuronide, quinolinic acid, p-cresyl glucuronide and phenyl glucuronide. The third injection addressed the acidic positive components tryptophan, indole-3-acetic acid, kynurenine, kynurenic acid and quinolinic acid. The elution gradient was as follows: for the first injection the gradient was 100% solvent A to 85% solvent C in 7 min, then for the second and third injection a gradient of 100% solvent B to 85% solvent C in 7 min. The effluent from the UPLC was passed directly into the electrospray ion source. Negative electrospray ionization (first two injections) achieved using a nitrogen sheath gas with ionization voltage at 2500 Volt. The positive (third injection) electrospray ionization was achieved using a nitrogen sheath gas with ionization voltage at 3500 Volt. The capillary temperature was set at 240°C. Detection of the components was based on isolation of the deprotonated (negative electrospray; [M-H]-) or protonated molecular ion (positive electrospray; [M+H]+) and subsequent MS/MS fragmentations and a selected reaction monitoring (SRM) were carried out. The UPLC-MS/MS operating conditions and SRM transitions used for parent compounds and ion products were optimized for each component and shown in Table 1.
With the 48h urinary collection of human subjects, we calculated the average daily urinary excretion of each metabolite, giving an estimate of its daily generation. Urinary collections were considered complete when urinary excretion of creatinine was within 2 standard deviations of the mean creatinine excretion for the geographical region of this study, derived from the INTERSALT study [25 (link)].
Poesen R., Mutsaers H.A., Windey K., van den Broek P.H., Verweij V., Augustijns P., Kuypers D., Jansen J., Evenepoel P., Verbeke K., Meijers B, & Masereeuw R. (2015). The Influence of Dietary Protein Intake on Mammalian Tryptophan and Phenolic Metabolites. PLoS ONE, 10(10), e0140820.
Publication 2015
Acetate Acids BLOOD Capillaries Chromatography Creatinine Food formic acid Glucuronides High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Homo sapiens Indican indoleacetic acid indoxyl glucuronide isolation Kynurenic Acid Kynurenine Liquid Chromatography Methanol Mice, House Nitrogen Parent Perchloric Acid phenylacetic acid phenylsulfate Plasma Quinolinic Acid Solvents Sulfates, Inorganic Tandem Mass Spectrometry Tryptophan Urea Urine Urine Specimen Collection
5
Cultivation of Hansenula polymorpha and Penicillium chrysogenum
H. polymorpha strains used are derivatives of NCYC495 ade11.1 leu1.1 [17 (link)] and were grown at 37°C, 30°C or 25°C in either (i) rich complex media (YPD) containing 1% yeast extract, 1% peptone and 1% glucose, (ii) selective media containing 0.67% yeast nitrogen base without amino acids (DIFCO) supplemented with 0.5% glucose (YND), or (iii) mineral medium (MM) as described by Van Dijken et al. [18 (link)], supplemented with 0.25% ammonium sulphate using 0.5% glucose or 0.5% methanol as carbon source. For growth on plates, 2% granulated agar was added to the media. Whenever necessary, media were supplemented with 30 μg/ml leucine and 20 μg/ml adenine. For biochemical analysis, selected strains were pre-cultured at least three times in MM containing glucose and subsequently shifted to MM containing methanol to induce expression of genes under the control of the PAOX.
A high penicillin producing P. chrysogenum strain (DSM anti-infectives, Delft, The Netherlands) was used as a control and was grown for 48 hours on a defined penicillin production medium supplemented with 0.05% phenylacetic acid [19 (link)].
For cloning purposes, Escherichia coli DH5α (Gibco-Brl, Gaithesburg, MD) was used and grown at 37°C in LB medium (1% bacto-tryptone, 0.5% yeast extract, 0.5% NaCl), supplemented with 50 μg/ml kanamycin when required.
Gidijala L., Bovenberg R.A., Klaassen P., van der Klei I.J., Veenhuis M, & Kiel J.A. (2008). Production of functionally active Penicillium chrysogenum isopenicillin N synthase in the yeast Hansenula polymorpha. BMC Biotechnology, 8, 29.
Publication 2008
Adenine Agar Amino Acids, Basic Anti-Infective Agents Carbon derivatives Epiphyseal Cartilage Escherichia coli Gene Expression Glucose Kanamycin Leucine Methanol Minerals Nitrogen Penicillins Peptones phenylacetic acid Sodium Chloride Strains Sulfate, Ammonium Yeast, Dried

Most recents protocols related to «Phenylacetic acid»

1
Phenylacetic Acid's Antibacterial Efficacy
Not available on PMC !
The antibacterial activity of phenylacetic acid against B. subtilis, B. thuringensis, M. luteus, P. aeruginosa, and S. marcescens was tested as described previously (Zhu et al. 2011 (link)). Strains of B. subtilis (NBRC3009), B. thuringensis (NBRC13865), M. luteus (NBRC16250), and P. aeruginosa (NBRC3080) were provided by the NBRC. The S. marcescens strain used in the bioassay was isolated from the nest of R. speratus following a procedure developed in a previous study (Inagaki and Matsuura 2018 (link)) and cultured on lysogeny broth (LB; NakaraiTesque) agar plates at 30°C. The agar diffusion assay was performed by spreading 100 µL bacterial inoculum (1-2 × 10 8 CFUs/mL) on an LB agar plate. Then 40 µL aqueous phenylacetic acid at concentrations of 0, 50, 500, and 5,000 ng/ µL (equivalent to 0, 2,000, 20,000, and 200,000 ng of phenylacetic acid) was added to a 7 mm (diameter) well punched in the center of the plate. As the negative control, distilled water was added to the well. Ten replicates were prepared for each treatment of each bacterium, except the 5,000 ng/µL treatment (20 replicates). The plates were incubated at 30°C for 24 h, after which antimicrobial activity was assessed by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone using a digital caliper and then calculating the apparent area. Because the latter included the area of the well, the practical area of the inhibition zone was calculated by subtracting the area of the well from the apparent area of the inhibition zone.
Nakashima M., Mitaka Y., Inagaki T., & Matsuura K. (2024). An antifungal compound secreted by termite workers, phenylacetic acid, inhibits the growth of both termite egg-mimicking fungus and entomopathogenic fungi.
Publication 2024
2
Antifungal and Antibacterial Effects of Phenylacetic Acid
Not available on PMC !
All statistical analyses were performed using R software v. 4.2.2 (R Core Team 2016). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's HSD test was used in the antifungal tests, based on measurements of fungal colony area (the size of mycelia), and in the antibacterial tests, based on measurements of the area of the inhibition zone, on agar plates containing different concentrations of phenylacetic acid.
Nakashima M., Mitaka Y., Inagaki T., & Matsuura K. (2024). An antifungal compound secreted by termite workers, phenylacetic acid, inhibits the growth of both termite egg-mimicking fungus and entomopathogenic fungi.
Publication 2024
3
Antifungal Effects of Phenylacetic Acid
Not available on PMC !
The antifungal activity of phenylacetic acid was tested against A. termitephila, M. anisopliae, and B. bassiana. The strain of A. termitephila used in this bioassay was isolated from the nest of R. speratus as described in a previous study (Mitaka et al. 2019 (link)). M. anisopliae (NBRC31961) and B. bassiana (NBRC103721) strains were provided by the Biological Resource Center (NBRC, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, Tokyo, Japan) and cultured on potato-dextrose agar (PDA) plates at 28°C.
The assay was performed by placing a 5 mm diameter plug of growing mycelia from each fungal culture in the center a Petri dish (90 × 15 mm) containing phenylacetic acid at concentrations of 0, 50, 500, and 5,000 ng/µL (Fig. 2A). The Petri dishes were wrapped with two layers of Para lm and incubated at 28°C for 14 days. Five replicates were prepared for each treatment of each fungus. The size of the mycelia was measured by taking vertical photographs of each dish every 7 days after inoculation using a digital camera (tg-6; Olympus). The colony area in cm 2 was determined by counting the total number of pixels in the fungal colony area using ImageJ software (US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA) (Schneider et al. 2012 (link)).
Nakashima M., Mitaka Y., Inagaki T., & Matsuura K. (2024). An antifungal compound secreted by termite workers, phenylacetic acid, inhibits the growth of both termite egg-mimicking fungus and entomopathogenic fungi.
Publication 2024
4
Termite Colony Sampling and Analysis
Not available on PMC !
No speci c permits were required for the described eld activities. Speci c permission was also not required to access or sample the termite colonies, as they were collected from unprotected public lands. This study did not involve endangered or protected species. However, in Japan, phenylacetic acid is classi ed as a raw material for stimulant production; we obtained the necessary designation certi cate by the governor of Kyoto Prefecture to allow its purchase from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corp., Osaka, Japan.
Nakashima M., Mitaka Y., Inagaki T., & Matsuura K. (2024). An antifungal compound secreted by termite workers, phenylacetic acid, inhibits the growth of both termite egg-mimicking fungus and entomopathogenic fungi.
Publication 2024
5
Preparation of Menthol and ChCl DESs
DESs were prepared based on a previously published procedure.23 (link) Therefore, in menthol : phenylacetic acid and ChCl : phenylacetic acid DESs, phenylacetic acid (as an HBD) was mixed with menthol and ChCl (as HBAs) at molar ratios of 1 : 3 and 1 : 1 in two tubes. Subsequently, the tubes were heated in a water bath maintained at 60 °C for an hour.
Rabie M., Movassaghghazani M, & Afshar Mogaddam M.R. (2024). HPLC-FLD determination of aflatoxins M1 and M2 in raw cow milk samples using in-syringe gas-controlled density tunable solidification of a floating organic droplet-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method. RSC Advances, 14(8), 5077-5084.
Publication 2024

Top products related to «Phenylacetic acid»

1
Phenylacetic acid by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, Poland, France, Italy
Phenylacetic acid is a chemical compound used as a precursor in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical and industrial products. It is a colorless crystalline solid with a distinctive odor. Phenylacetic acid serves as a key intermediate in the production of various compounds, including pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and other specialty chemicals.
2
Acetic acid by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, India, China, France, Spain, Switzerland, Poland, Sao Tome and Principe, Australia, Canada, Ireland, Czechia, Brazil, Sweden, Belgium, Japan, Hungary, Mexico, Malaysia, Macao, Portugal, Netherlands, Finland, Romania, Thailand, Argentina, Singapore, Egypt, Austria, New Zealand, Bangladesh
Acetic acid is a colorless, vinegar-like liquid chemical compound. It is a commonly used laboratory reagent with the molecular formula CH3COOH. Acetic acid serves as a solvent, a pH adjuster, and a reactant in various chemical processes.
3
Benzoic acid by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Italy, Sao Tome and Principe, United Kingdom, France, Spain, China
Benzoic acid is a white, crystalline solid that is commonly used in the laboratory setting. It has the chemical formula C6H5COOH and is a carboxylic acid. Benzoic acid is a useful chemical compound that can be employed in various applications within the scientific and industrial realms.
4
Lactic acid by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, China, Poland, Sao Tome and Principe, Japan
Lactic acid is a chemical compound that is produced naturally in the body as a byproduct of anaerobic glycolysis. It can also be produced synthetically for industrial applications. Lactic acid is a colorless, odorless, and water-soluble organic acid.
5
2 phenylethanol by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, Poland, United Kingdom
2-phenylethanol is a chemical compound used in various laboratory applications. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a rose-like odor. 2-phenylethanol is commonly used as a precursor in chemical synthesis and as a fragrance ingredient.
6
Butanoic acid by Merck Group
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Butanoic acid is a carboxylic acid with the chemical formula CH3CH2CH2COOH. It is a colorless, oily liquid with a distinct, unpleasant odor. Butanoic acid is commonly used as a chemical reagent in various laboratory applications.
7
4 hydroxybenzoic acid by Merck Group
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4-hydroxybenzoic acid is a chemical compound used in various laboratory applications. It is a crystalline solid with the chemical formula C₇H₆O₃. The compound serves as a precursor for the synthesis of other chemicals and is utilized in various research and development processes.
8
3 methyl 1 butanol by Merck Group
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3-methyl-1-butanol is a colorless, flammable liquid with a characteristic odor. It is a primary alcohol with the chemical formula C5H12O. This compound is commonly used as a precursor in organic synthesis and as a solvent in various applications.
9
3 4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Spain, Germany
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid is a chemical compound. It is a colorless crystalline solid. The compound has the molecular formula C₈H₈O₃.
10
Diethyl ether by Merck Group
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Diethyl ether is a colorless, volatile, and highly flammable liquid. It is commonly used as a laboratory solvent and reagent in various chemical processes and experiments.

More about "Phenylacetic acid"

Phenylacetic acid, also known as benzeneacetic acid or alpha-Toluic acid, is a naturally occurring organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5CH2COOH.
It is a colorless liquid with a characteristic odor and is used in the production of various pharmaceuticals, fragrances, and other industrial chemicals.
Phenylacetic acid is an important precursor in the synthesis of many drug molecules and can be found in various plant species, including certain fruits and flowers.
Phenylacetic acid is closely related to other carboxylic acids, such as acetic acid, benzoic acid, lactic acid, and butanoic acid.
These compounds share similar chemical structures and can be interconverted through various chemical reactions. 2-phenylethanol, a naturally occurring alcohol, is also a precursor to phenylacetic acid.
Researchers can utilize the PubCompare.ai platform to easily locate and compare protocols from literature, preprints, and patents related to phenylacetic acid.
This AI-driven platform allows for side-by-side comparisons of different methods, helping to identify the most accurate and reproducible approaches and enhancing the research efforts.
By exploring the available information on phenylacetic acid and related compounds, researchers can gain valuable insights and optimize their investigations.
Additionally, other related compounds, such as 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3-methyl-1-butanol, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, may also be of interest to researchers studying phenylacetic acid and its applications.
The versatility and importance of phenylacetic acid in various industries and research fields make it a fascinating subject of study.