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Phenylthiourea

Q: What are some of the common challenges researchers face when working with Phenylthiourea?

One of the main challenges with Phenylthiourea research is ensuring reproducibility and accuracy of results. Researchers must carefully compare and optimize protocols from different sources, such as literature, pre-prints, and patents, to identify the most effective methodologies and products for their specific studies.

Q: Are there different variations or types of Phenylthiourea that researchers should be aware of?

Yes, there are several variations of Phenylthiourea that researchers may encounter. For example, there are different isomers of Phenylthiourea, such as ortho-, meta-, and para-Phenylthiourea, each with slightly different chemical and physical properties. Researchers should be aware of these variations and how they may impact their studies.

Phenylthiourea is a chemical compound with the formula C6H5NHCSNH2.
It is a derivative of thiourea, with a phenyl group attached to the sulfur atom.
Phenylthiourea has been used in various research applications, including the study of taste perception and the development of antithyroid drugs.
Researchers can optimize their Phenylthiourea research using the PubCompare.ai platform, which enables them to easily locate and compare protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, ensuring they find the best methodologies and products for their studies.
This AI-powered platform helps streamline the research process and achieve better results with enhanced reproducibility and accuracy.

Most cited protocols related to «Phenylthiourea»

Zebrafish Transgenic Lines and Mutant Alleles

Cited 20 times

All fish were of the Tü or TL strains. The transgenic lines and mutant alleles used were: Tg(isl2b:GFP)^zc7, Tg(isl2b:mCherry-CAAX)^zc23 or Tg(isl2b:mCherry-CAAX)^zc25 (both of similar brightness), Tg(brn3c:gap43-GFP)^s356t (Xiao et al., 2005 (link)), and the null ast allele ast^ti272z (Fricke et al., 2001 (link)). Since ast is homozygous adult viable, ast embryos were generated by incrossing homozygote parents. Embryos were raised at 28.5°C in 0.1 mM phenylthiourea and staged according to time postfertilization and morphology (Kimmel et al., 1995 (link)). Experimental procedures followed NIH guidelines and were approved by the University of Utah Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.

Pittman A.J., Law M.Y, & Chien C.B. (2008). Pathfinding in a large vertebrate axon tract: isotypic interactions guide retinotectal axons at multiple choice points. Development (Cambridge, England), 135(17), 2865-2871.

Publication 2008

Adult Alleles Animals, Transgenic Embryo Fishes Homozygote Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees Parent Phenylthiourea Strains

Zebrafish Enhancer Activity Detection

Cited 18 times

Protocol full text hidden due to copyright restrictions

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Publication 2009

Animals, Transgenic Cells Embryo Germ Line HEPES Phenylthiourea Pigmentation Sodium Chloride Sulfate, Magnesium Transgenes Zebrafish Zygote

Zebrafish Embryo Preparation and Imaging

Cited 15 times

Embryos from wildtype (TL, AB/TU, and WIK), transgenic (Tg(lyz:EGFP)[28 (link)], Tg(mpeg1:EGFP)[29 (link)], and Tg(pu.1:Gal4-UAS-EGFP)[22 (link)]), and irf8^st95 and irf8^st96 heterozygous intercross backgrounds were raised at 28.5°C, and staged by established standards [40 (link)]. Embryos were treated with 0.003% 1-phenyl-2-thiourea (PTU) in methylene blue embryo water to inhibit pigmentation. For in situ hybridization and TUNEL staining, zebrafish embryos and larvae were fixed immediately at the indicated time points of analysis using 4% paraformaldehyde/PBS for overnight fixation at 4°C. For fluorescent imaging, zebrafish embryos and larvae up to 7 dpf were imaged in the living animals at the time of analysis, and older larvae up to 31 dpf were imaged after fixation; they were briefly anesthetized using 0.02% MS-222 (tricaine) prior to overnight fixation in 4% paraformaldehyde/PBS. All euthanasia and procedures followed the protocols approved by the Stanford Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.

Shiau C.E., Kaufman Z., Meireles A.M, & Talbot W.S. (2015). Differential Requirement for irf8 in Formation of Embryonic and Adult Macrophages in Zebrafish. PLoS ONE, 10(1), e0117513.

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Publication 2015

Animals Animals, Transgenic Cardiac Arrest Embryo Euthanasia Heterozygote In Situ Hybridization In Situ Nick-End Labeling Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees Larva Methylene Blue MPEG1 protein, human MS-222 paraform Phenylthiourea Pigmentation tricaine Zebrafish

Zebrafish Maintenance and Genetic Manipulation

Cited 13 times

Adult AB zebrafish and larvae were maintained as described previously^{18 (link)}. For live imaging or wounding assay, larvae were anesthetized in E3 containing 0.2 mg/mL Tricaine. To prevent pigment formation, some larvae were maintained in E3 containing 0.2 mM N-phenylthiourea. For morphoino experiments, 2.5–3 dpf larvae were used. For experiments without morpholinos, 3–3.5 dpf larvae were used. Confocal immunofluorescence images were acquired with a confocal microscope (FluoView FV1000, Olympus) using a NA 0.75/20x objective or a NA 1.45/60x oil immersion objective lens. Morpholino oligonucleotides (Gene Tools) in Danieau buffer were injected into 1-cell-stage embryos. Duox splice morpholino (100μM) was injected with p53 morpholino (300 μM) as previously described^{6 (link)}. Lyn splice morpholino lyn MO1 (5′-TCAGACAGCAAATAGTAATCACCTT-3′) (500 μM) or lyn splice morpholino lyn MO2 (5′-GAGTCTGTATTTCAGTACCATTAGC-3′) (500 μM) was used (Danieau buffer as a control). To generate transgenic lines, 1 nL of solution containing 12.5 ng/μL DNA plasmid (tol2-mpx-lyn-GFP or tol2-mpx-lyn C466A-GFP) and 17.5 ng/μL transposase mRNA was injected into the cytoplasm of one-cell stage embryos. Injected embryos were raised to sexual maturity and screened by crossing with wild-type fish to identify founders. F1 embyros were identified by GFP expression and raised to sexual maturity. Experiments were performed on progeny of F1 or F2 outcross with wild-type fish. HEK293 cells were cultured in DME containing 10% FCS. Cells were transfected using Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen).

Yoo S.K., Starnes T.W., Deng Q, & Huttenlocher A. (2011). Lyn is a redox sensor that mediates leukocyte wound attraction in vivo. Nature, 480(7375), 109-112.

Publication 2011

Adult Animals, Transgenic Biological Assay Buffers Cells Cytoplasm Embryo Fishes Genes HEK293 Cells Immunofluorescence Larva Lens, Crystalline lipofectamine 2000 Microscopy, Confocal Morpholinos Phenylthiourea Pigmentation Plasmids RNA, Messenger Sexual Maturation Submersion Transposase tricaine Zebrafish

Zebrafish Embryo Staining and Transgenic Lines

Cited 12 times

Adult fish were bred according to standard methods. Embryos were raised at 28.5°C in E3 embryo medium with 0.003% phenylthiourea to inhibit pigment formation and staged by time and morphology [46 (link)]. For in situ staining, embryos were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) (in PBS) for 3 h at room temperature (RT) or overnight (O/N) at 4°C, washed briefly in PBS, dehydrated, and stored in 100% MeOH at -20°C until use.
Transgenic fish lines and alleles used were as follows: Df(LG01)^x8[29 (link)]; Tg(hsp70l:Δtcf-GFP)^w26[30 (link)]; Tg(foxP2-enhancerA:EGFP)^zc42; Tg(foxP2-enhancerA.1:EGFP)^zc44; Tg(foxP2-enhancerA.2:EGFP)^zc46; Tg(foxP2-enhancerB:EGFP)^zc41; Tg(foxP2-enhancerD:EGFP)^zc47; Tg(pax2a:GFP)^e1[36 (link)]; Tg(elavl3:EGFP)^zf8[35 (link)]. Df(LG01)^x8homozygotes were identified by their smaller forebrain and flattened hindbrain phenotype (J.E.L. and R.I.D., unpublished). Tg(hsp70l:Δtcf-GFP)^w26embryos were identified by GFP expression after heat shock.
Heat shock was performed by incubation of 32 hpf embryos for 1 hour at 37°C, then collecting 3 hours after the end of the heat shock.

Bonkowsky J.L., Wang X., Fujimoto E., Lee J.E., Chien C.B, & Dorsky R.I. (2008). Domain-specific regulation of foxP2 CNS expression by lef1. BMC Developmental Biology, 8, 103.

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Publication 2008

Adult Alleles Animals, Transgenic Cardiac Arrest Embryo Fishes Heat-Shock Response Hindbrain Homozygote paraform Phenotype Phenylthiourea Pigmentation Prosencephalon

Most recents protocols related to «Phenylthiourea»

Zebrafish Transgenic Line Creation

Not available on PMC !

Example 18

Lines were raised and maintained following standard literature practice and in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals provided by the University of Southern California. Fish samples were part of a protocol approved by the IACUC (permit number: 12007 USC).

Transgenic FlipTrap Gt(desm-Citrine) ct122a/+ line is the result of previously reported screen, Tg(kdrl:eGFP)^s843line was provided by the Stainier lab (Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research). The Tg(ubi:Zebrabow) line was a kind gift from Alex Schier. Controllable recombination of fluorophores was obtained by crossing homozygous Tg(ubi:Zebrabow) adults with a Tg(hsp70I:Cerulean-P2A-CreER^T2) line. Embryos were raised in Egg Water (60 μg/ml of Instant Ocean and 75 μg/ml of CaSO4 in Milli-Q water) at 28.5° C. with addition of 0.003% (w/v) 1-phenyl-2-thiourea (PTU) around 18 hpf to reduce pigment formation.

Zebrafish samples with triple fluorescence were obtained by crossing Gt(desm-Citrine)ct122a/+ with Tg(kdrl:eGFP) fish followed by injection of 100 μg per embryo of mRNA encoding H2B-Cerulean at one cell stage as described in previous work²⁹. Samples of Gt(desm-Citrine)ct122a/+;Tg(kdrl:eGFP); H2B-Cerulean were imaged with 458 nm laser to excite Cerulean, Citrine and eGFP and narrow 458-561 nm dichroic for separating excitation and fluorescence emission.

US11869176B2. Hyperspectral imaging system (2024-01-09). UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA [US]. Inventors: Wen Shi [US], Eun Sang Koo [US], Scott E. Fraser [US], Francesco Cutrale [US].

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Patent 2024

Adult Animals, Laboratory Animals, Transgenic Cells Embryo Fishes Fluorescence Heart Homozygote Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees Lung Phenylthiourea Pigmentation Recombination, Genetic RNA, Messenger Zebrafish

Transgenic Zebrafish Line Generation

Not available on PMC !

Example 1

Adult fish were raised and maintained as described in [28] and in strict accordance with the recommendations in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals by University of Southern California, where the protocol was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) (Permit Number: 12007 USC). Transgenic FlipTrap Gt(desm-citrine)^ct122a/+ line was obtained from a previously described screen in the lab [23], Tg(kdrl:eGFP)^s843line [24] was provided by the Stainier lab, and Tg(ubiq:membrane-Cerulean-2a-H2B-tdTomato) line was generated by injecting a construct containing tol2 transposable elements flanking the ubiquitin promoter, coding sequence for membrane localized cerulean, a short sequence encoding the ribosome-skipping peptide of Thosea asigna virus (2a) followed by H2B-tdTomato. Upon crossing appropriate adult lines, the embryos obtained were raised in Egg Water (about 60 μg/ml of Instant Ocean and about 75 μg/ml of CaSO₄in Milli-Q water) at about 28.5° C. with addition of about 0.003% (w/v) 1-phenyl-2-thiourea (PTU) about 18 hpf to reduce pigment formation [28].

US11869176B2. Hyperspectral imaging system (2024-01-09). UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA [US]. Inventors: Wen Shi [US], Eun Sang Koo [US], Scott E. Fraser [US], Francesco Cutrale [US].

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Patent 2024

Adult Animals, Laboratory Animals, Transgenic DNA Transposable Elements Embryo Fishes Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees LINE-1 Elements Open Reading Frames Peptides Phenylthiourea Pigmentation Ribosomes tdTomato Tissue, Membrane Ubiquitin Virus Zebrafish

Embryonic Microinjection and In Situ Hybridization

Purified DNA construct was diluted to 50 ng/µl with water, and injected into cell body at 1-cell stage. Developing embryos were sorted and cultured at 28.5 °C until the appropriate stage. To prepare embryos for in situ hybridization, we added phenylthiourea (Sigma-Aldrich, Cat. No. P-7629) at 0.003%, whereas a quarter dose was used to allow them to be only weakly pigmented when we needed to detect fluorescent signals in melanocytes after antibody staining.

Subkhankulova T., Camargo Sosa K., Uroshlev L.A., Nikaido M., Shriever N., Kasianov A.S., Yang X., Rodrigues F.S., Carney T.J., Bavister G., Schwetlick H., Dawes J.H., Rocco A., Makeev V.J, & Kelsh R.N. (2023). Zebrafish pigment cells develop directly from persistent highly multipotent progenitors. Nature Communications, 14, 1258.

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Publication 2023

Cell Body Embryo Immunoglobulins In Situ Hybridization Melanocyte Phenylthiourea Recombinant DNA

Isolation of GFP-Positive Cells from Zebrafish Embryos

Embryos from required stock were grown up to the desired stage (from 14 to 72 hpf) in standard embryo media at 29 °C. To prevent melanisation in embryo melanocytes, PTU (N-Phenylthiourea, Sigma-Aldrich, Cat. No. P7629) was added at a final concentration of 0.003% at 24 hpf. To stimulate eGFP expression, embryos were heat-shocked by placing them in 42 °C embryo media followed by 1 h incubation at 37 °C and at least 1 h incubation at 29 °C. If required, the embryos were dechorionated using pronase (Pronase from Streptomyces griseus, Sigma-Aldrich, Cat. No. 000000010165921001) at a final concentration of 1 mg/ml⁸⁰. The heads were cut from all the embryos at stage 30 hpf or older to decrease the number of sox10-positive cells of craniofacial skeletal and otic fates. Embryos were then digested as previously described with small modifications^{81 (link)}. In brief, embryos were rinsed with Ca-, Mg- DPBS (Sigma-Aldrich, D8537), placed in a flask containing TrypLE™ Express Enzyme (ThermoFisher Scientific, Cat. No. 12605036) in ratio of 10 ml per 100 embryos, containing 0.003% Tricaine (Sigma-Aldrich, Cat. No. E10521); incubated for 30–90 min at 100 rpm, 37 °C in the shaker incubator with constant monitoring until the embryos were digested to a mixture of single cells and small fragments of tissue; then digestion mixture was triturated 10–15 times, using a Pasteur pipette; passed through 100-micron strainer (MACS SmartStrainers, Miltenyi Biotech., Cat. No. 130-098-463,) into 50 ml Falcon tube and centrifuged for 5 min, 500 x g, 4 °C. The cell pellet was re-suspended in DPBS and the cell suspension was passed through 30-micron strainer (MACS SmartStrainers, Miltenyi Biotech. Cat. No. 130-110-915) into 50 ml Falcon tube and centrifuged again for 5 min, 500 x g, 4 °C following by re-suspending the cells in 0.5–1 ml cell isolation media (2% FCS, DPBS:HBSS = 1:1 and 1 mM SYTOX Blue Dead Cell stain (ThermoFisher Scientific, S34857)). Cells were imaged before FACS and after FACS to confirm successful purification of GFP+cells.

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Publication 2023

Cells Cell Separation Digestion Ear Embryo Enzymes Head Hemoglobin, Sickle Melanocyte Phenylthiourea Pronase Skeleton SOX10 Transcription Factor Stains Streptomyces griseus Tissues tricaine

Hemolymph Analysis of Treated Larvae

The hemolymph samples were collected from treated larvae with concentrations of 50 and 100 μg/ml in the pre-pupal stage to determine the antioxidant and Catalase activity. The samples were collected by creating a slit within the proleg. Hemolymph that flowed from the wound without hand pressure was collected into Eppendorf tubes containing 0.025% of phenylthiourea as an anti-melanization. The mean number of circulating hemocytes per mm³ was calculated by the formula of Jones^{11 (link)}. To examine the differential hemocyte count (DHC), one hundred cells were identified to their typical hemocyte type after staining a smear of hemolymph with Wright's stain^{2 (link)}.

Belal R, & Gad A. (2023). Zinc oxide nanoparticles induce oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and apoptosis in the hemocytes of Bombyx mori larvae. Scientific Reports, 13, 3520.

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Publication 2023

Antioxidants Catalase Cells Hemocytes Hemolymph Larva Phenylthiourea Pressure Pupa Wounds

Top products related to «Phenylthiourea»

1 phenyl 2 thiourea by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Australia

1-phenyl-2-thiourea is a chemical compound used as a laboratory reagent. It is a crystalline solid with a melting point of approximately 176°C. The compound is soluble in various organic solvents. No further details about its core function or intended use are provided.

1 phenyl 2 thiourea ptu by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, Switzerland, Sao Tome and Principe

1-phenyl-2-thiourea (PTU) is a chemical compound used in laboratory settings. It serves as a core functional component in various research and analytical applications. The product specifications and technical details are available upon request.

Tricaine by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, France, Switzerland, Italy, Macao, Japan

Tricaine is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Merck Group. It is a chemical compound commonly used as an anesthetic for fish and amphibians in research and aquaculture settings. Tricaine functions by inhibiting sodium ion channels, resulting in a reversible state of unconsciousness in the organism.

Phenylthiourea by Merck Group

Sourced in United States

Phenylthiourea is a chemical compound used in various laboratory applications. It serves as a reagent and can be used in analytical procedures. The specific core function of phenylthiourea is to act as a sensitive indicator for the detection of certain elements or compounds in analytical testing.

N phenylthiourea by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany

N-phenylthiourea is a chemical compound used as a laboratory reagent. It is a crystalline solid that is soluble in organic solvents. N-phenylthiourea is commonly used in analytical and organic chemistry applications, but its specific core function is not provided in order to maintain an unbiased and factual approach.

N phenylthiourea ptu by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany

N-phenylthiourea (PTU) is a chemical compound that serves as a laboratory reagent. It has the chemical formula C6H6N2S. PTU is used for various analytical and experimental purposes in research and development settings, but a detailed description of its core function is not available while maintaining an unbiased and purely factual approach.

Phenylthiourea ptu by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Macao

Phenylthiourea (PTU) is a chemical compound used in laboratory settings. It serves as a core function in various analytical and research applications.

Ms 222 by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, Spain, China, United Kingdom, Sao Tome and Principe, France, Denmark, Italy, Canada, Japan, Macao, Belgium, Switzerland, Sweden, Australia

MS-222 is a chemical compound commonly used as a fish anesthetic in research and aquaculture settings. It is a white, crystalline powder that can be dissolved in water to create a sedative solution for fish. The primary function of MS-222 is to temporarily immobilize fish, allowing for safe handling, examination, or other procedures to be performed. This product is widely used in the scientific community to facilitate the study and care of various fish species.

Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) by Merck Group

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DMSO is a versatile organic solvent commonly used in laboratory settings. It has a high boiling point, low viscosity, and the ability to dissolve a wide range of polar and non-polar compounds. DMSO's core function is as a solvent, allowing for the effective dissolution and handling of various chemical substances during research and experimentation.

Pronase by Merck Group

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Pronase is a proteolytic enzyme complex derived from the bacterium Streptomyces griseus. It is a non-specific enzyme that hydrolyzes and degrades a wide range of protein substrates.

What is Phenylthiourea and what are its common uses?

What are some of the common challenges researchers face when working with Phenylthiourea?

How can PubCompare.ai help researchers working with Phenylthiourea?

PubCompare.ai allows researchers to screen protocol literature more efficiently and leverage AI to pinpoint critical insights. The platform's AI-driven analysis can highlight key differences in protocol effectiveness, enabling researchers to choose the best option for their Phenylthiourea studies and achieve better results with enhanced reproducibility and accuracy. The platform helps streamline the research process and ensure researchers find the most effective protocols related to Phenylthiourea for their specific research goals.

Are there different variations or types of Phenylthiourea that researchers should be aware of?

What are some of the specific applications of Phenylthiourea in research and development?

Phenylthiourea has been used in a variety of research applications, including the study of taste perception. Researchers have used Phenylthiourea to investigate the mechanisms of taste bud development and the role of the compound in modulating taste receptors. Additionally, Phenylthiourea has been used in the development of antithyroid drugs, as it can inhibit the production of thyroid hormones.

More about "Phenylthiourea"

Phenylthiourea (PTU) is a chemical compound with the formula C6H5NHCSNH2.
It is a derivative of thiourea, with a phenyl group attached to the sulfur atom.
Phenylthiourea has been used in various research applications, including the study of taste perception and the development of antithyroid drugs.
Closely related terms include 1-phenyl-2-thiourea (PTU), which is a synonym, and N-phenylthiourea, which is another way to refer to the same compound.
Tricaine (also known as MS-222) and Pronase are sometimes used in conjunction with Phenylthiourea in research, as they can have complementary effects.
DMSO, or dimethyl sulfoxide, is a common solvent used to dissolve Phenylthiourea for various experiments and applications.
Researchers can optimize their Phenylthiourea research using the PubCompare.ai platform, which enables them to easily locate and compare protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, ensuring they find the best methodologies and prodcuts for their studies.
This AI-powered platform helps streamline the research process and achieve better results with enhanced reproducibility and accuracy.