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Phthalate, Dibutyl

Phthalate, Dibutyl: A phthalate ester compound with diverse industrial and consumer applications.
Commonly used as a plasticizer, Dibutyl Phthalate (DBP) has been the subject of extensive research due to its potential health and environmental impacts.
This MeSH term provides a concise overview of the chemical properties, uses, and research surrounding Dibutyl Phthalate, a key consideration for scientists and researchers working in related fields such as toxicology, enviromental science, and product safety.
The PubCompare.ai platform can help streamline Dibutyl Phthalate research by providing intelligent comparisons of protocols and optimizing the research process for reproducible, accurate results.

Most cited protocols related to «Phthalate, Dibutyl»

Standard IHC protocol was followed to stain the tumor tissue samples using the mouse monoclonal antibody against hNIS (human Sodium Iodide Symporter) (Abcam, ab17795), ER (Estrogen Receptor) (Abcam, ab16660, ab288). Briefly, 5 µm sized paraffin embedded tissue sections were de-paraffinized with xylene and endogenous peroxidase activity was quenched with 3% H2O2 in methanol for 30 minutes in the dark. Tissue sections were dehydrated through graded alcohols and subjected to antigen retrieval using 10mM sodium citrate. Sections were washed with TBST (Tris Borate Saline Tween-20) and then blocked with 5% BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin) for one hour. Slides were incubated with the respective mouse monoclonal primary antibody diluted with TBS. Slides were then washed for 5 minutes in TBST and incubated for 1 hour with the respective HRP (Horse Raddish Peroxidase) conjugated anti-mouse secondary antibody diluted with TBS in a ratio of 1∶200. After washing, slides were incubated with DAB (3,3′-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride) (Sigma) and immediately washed under tap water after color development. Slides were then counter stained with hematoxylin. Slides were mounted with DPX (dibutyl phthalate xylene) and were then observed under a light microscope (Carl Zeiss).
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Publication 2014
Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic Antigens Borates Equus caballus estrogen receptor alpha, human Ethanol Homo sapiens Light Microscopy Methanol Monoclonal Antibodies Mus Neoplasms Paraffin Peroxidase Peroxide, Hydrogen Phthalate, Dibutyl Saline Solution Serum Albumin, Bovine SLC5A5 protein, human Sodium Citrate Stains Tissues Tromethamine Tween 20 Xylene
Samples collected at visit 1 were analyzed at the National Center for Environmental Health laboratories at CDC for nine phthalate metabolites [n = 1,149; monoethylphthalate (MEP), mono-butyl phthalate, mono-iso-butyl phthalate, mono-benzyl phthalate, mono-3-carboxypropyl phthalate, mono-2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate, mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxylhexyl) phthalate, mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate, and mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP)], seven phenols (benzophenone-3, bisphenol A, 2,5-dichlorophenol, triclosan; n = 1,149; methyl-, butyl-, and propyl- parabens, n = 1,059), and three phytoestrogens (daidzein, genistein, enterolactone; n = 1,150). Parabens were not measured early in the study. At least one urinary biomarker measurement was available among 1,151 girls, 985 with breast stages. We substituted limit of detection ( for results below the LOD. Adjustment for urine dilution was accomplished using creatinine, to account for difference in sampling (spot specimens at MSSM and KPNC, early-morning samples at Cincinnati) and interindividual variation in urine dilution. We included log-creatinine in models using continuous log-biomarker variables, and we created quintile cut points from creatinine-corrected concentrations (micrograms per gram creatinine). As previously described, to reduce multiple comparisons we combined the phthalate metabolites into two groups that represent similar sources and similar biologic activity, low- (< 250 Da) and high-molecular-weight (> 250 Da) phthalate metabolites (low MWP and high MWP) [details in Supplemental Material, Table 2 (doi:10.1289/ehp.0901690)]. We expressed high MWP molar sum as MEHP (molecular weight 278) and the low MWP as MEP (molecular weight 194) so that units were the same as the other analytes (micrograms per liter). Similarly, a molar sum of the paraben metabolites was created (paraben sum) expressed as propyl paraben (molecular weight 180.2). Models with the individual phthalate and paraben metabolites were consistent with the molar sum variables. Results using di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP)-sum metabolites were almost identical to those for the high MWP, and they represented 75% ± 16% (mean ± SD) of the high MWP biomarkers. Therefore, only the latter models are presented.
Laboratory techniques and quality control protocols are identical to those reported previously in a pilot study (Wolff et al. 2007 (link)). Briefly, urine undergoes an automated cleanup with enzymatic deconjugation, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography-isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry quantification (Kato et al. 2005 (link); Rybak et al. 2008 ; Ye et al. 2005 (link), 2006 ). In addition to the internal CDC quality control procedures, we incorporated approximately 10% masked quality control specimens (n = 101) from a single urine pool. The coefficients of variation (SD/mean concentration) were < 10% for 13 analytes and were between 10% and 21% for the remaining six biomarkers.
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Publication 2010
2,3-bis(3'-hydroxybenzyl)butyrolactone Biological Markers Biopharmaceuticals bisphenol A Breast Creatinine daidzein Diethylhexyl Phthalate Enzymes Genistein High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Isotopes Molar mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate mono-benzyl phthalate mono-isobutyl phthalate monoethyl phthalate oxybenzone Parabens Phenols phthalate Phthalate, Dibutyl Phytoestrogens propylparaben Tandem Mass Spectrometry Technique, Dilution Triclosan Urine Woman
Freshly dissected tibiae, lumbar vertebrae and calvarial bones were stripped of soft tissue, and placed in 20 ml of 10% neutral phosphate buffered formalin, After fixation, samples were washed with PBS, transferred to 70% ethanol for 4–24 h. All of the bones were dehydrated in graded ethanol (95%, two baths; 100%, four baths), for at least 4 hours each at 4°C. Following dehydration, they were placed in infiltration medium containing 85% destabilized methyl methacrylate (MMA; Sigma, St. Louis, MO), 15% dibutyl phthalate (Sigma), and 0.15% benzoyl peroxide (Polysciences, Inc., Warrington, PA). After three days under vacuum, the bones were removed from the infiltration MMA and placed on pre-polymerized base layers, covered with freshly catalyzed MMA, and incubated for two days at 37.8ºC in a radiant heat oven (Labline, Melrose Park, IL). Glass vials were removed from the oven, cooled at −20.8°C for 1 h, and the specimen blocks removed by breaking the glass. Specimen blocks were trimmed, sectioned, and sequentially polished. The BSEM was used to image the osteocyte lacunae on the sectioned bone surface in the standardized areas. With the analysis software, the images were thresholded. Then the areas of approximately 250 lacunae from each sample were measured in a blinded fashion.
Publication 2012
Bath Bones Calvaria Dehydration Ethanol Formalin Methylmethacrylate Osteocytes Peroxide, Benzoyl Phosphates Phthalate, Dibutyl Tibia Tissues Vacuum Vertebrae, Lumbar
Maternal urine collected at approximately 17 wk gestation was shipped overnight, unrefrigerated, to the central biorepository in Oslo, Norway for immediate processing. Urine was transported in a commercially available urine transport tube with a preservative to prevent bacterial growth (chlorhexidine plus ethyl paraben and sodium propionate) (UAP Vacutainers; Becton-Dickinson) (Rønningen et al. 2006 (link)). In a previous quality control (QC) study in MoBa, no impact was found on the measurement of phthalates from this preservative (Ye et al. 2009 (link)). Analysis of urine for phthalate metabolites was conducted at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Methods have been previously described (Sabaredzovic et al. 2015 (link)). Briefly, on-line column switching liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure 12 phthalate metabolites: monoethyl phthalate (MEP), a metabolite of diethyl phthalate; mono-iso-butyl phthalate (MiBP), a metabolite of di-iso-butyl phthalate; mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), a metabolite of di-n-butyl phthalate; monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), a metabolite of BBzP; mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), mono-2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl phthalate (MEHHP), mono-2-ethyl-5-oxoyhexyl phthalate (MEOHP), mono-2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate (MECPP), and mono-2-methylcarboxyhexyl phthalate (MMCHP), metabolites of DEHP; and mono-4-methyl-7-hydroxyoctyl phthalate (OH-MiNP), mono-4-methyl-7-oxooctyl phthalate (oxo-MiNP), and mono-4-methyl-7-carboxyheptyl phthalate (cx-MiNP), metabolites of di-iso-nonyl phthalate (DiNP). A QC sample of pooled urine was created to assess batch-to-batch variability and assay precision. In each analytic batch, procedural blank samples, two in-house control urine samples and 4–6 QC pooled urine aliquots were included. External reference samples from the National Institute of Standards and Technology [NIST; Standard Reference Material (SRM) 3673] were also analyzed in every fourth analytical batch. Cases and controls were randomly allocated across analytic batches. The analyst was blinded to QC, case, and control samples. To account for urinary dilution, specific gravity was measured using a pocket refractometer (PAL-10S) from Atago. In brief, 180μL of the urine sample was placed onto the prism surface, and the specific gravity was measured with the refractometer. The coefficient of variation (CV) was <0.1% for the in-house control urine samples. In laboratory-blinded QC samples, average batch CVs were <5% .
Publication 2018
2-methyl-5,6-cyclopentapyrimidine Bacteria Biological Assay Chlorhexidine Diethylhexyl Phthalate diethyl phthalate diisobutyl phthalate ethyl-p-hydroxybenzoate Liquid Chromatography Microphthalmia, Syndromic 10 mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate mono-isobutyl phthalate monobutyl phthalate monoethyl phthalate Mothers Pharmaceutical Preservatives phthalate Phthalate, Dibutyl Pregnancy prisma sodium propionate Tandem Mass Spectrometry Technique, Dilution Urinalysis Urine

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Publication 2018
Androgen Antagonists Androgens Biological Markers Body Weight Boys Creatinine Diethylhexyl Phthalate diethyl phthalate diisobutyl phthalate Diuresis Fetus High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Homo sapiens Index, Body Mass Kinetics Males Maritally Unattached Metabolic Diseases Metabolism Microphthalmos, Autosomal Recessive Molar Parent phthalate Phthalate, Dibutyl POLK protein, human Psychological Inhibition Racial Groups Rattus Tandem Mass Spectrometry Technique, Dilution Testosterone Urine Woman

Most recents protocols related to «Phthalate, Dibutyl»

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Publication 2023
araldite Buffers Citrates Copper Electron Microscopy Epon 812 Ethanol Glutaral Hamsters Lung N-benzyl-N,N-dimethylamine Osmium Tetroxide paraform Phthalate, Dibutyl propylene oxide Resins, Plant SARS-CoV-2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus sodium phosphate succinic anhydride Tissues Transmission Electron Microscopy Ultramicrotomy uranyl acetate
Other than field
blanks, a laboratory procedural blank was also processed along with
each batch of 10 authentic samples to evaluate background contamination.
Trace amounts of glycerol monooleate (GMO), methyl oleate (MO), tributyl
citrate (TBC), tricapryl trimellitate (TCTM), dipropylene glycol dibenzoate
(DPGDB), TMPDDiB, and isopropyl palmitate (IPP) were detected in procedural
and field blanks, with an average mass of 3.54–43.1 ng. Eight
PAEs, including dimethyl phthalate (DMPh), diethyl phthalate (DEPh),
dibutyl phthalate (DBPh), diisobutyl phthalate (DiBPh), DEHPh, diphenyl
phthalate (DPPh), and butyl benzyl phthalate (BBzPh), were also detected
in procedural and field blanks, accounting for 0.02–2.6% of
the median levels detected in dust samples. Reported concentrations
of these chemicals were corrected with blank contamination and the
recoveries of their corresponding surrogate standards. The limit of
quantification (LOQ) of an analyte with background contamination was
defined as the average contamination levels in the blanks plus 10
times the standard deviation of the background contamination;43 (link) otherwise, the LOQ was determined as the instrumental
response 10 times the standard deviation of the noise. The LOQs of
target analytes ranged from 1.5 to 75 ng/g for NPPs and 4 to 110 ng/g
for PAEs. More details are summarized in Table S2.
Extraction efficiencies were evaluated via matrix
spiking tests, where approximately 50 mg of a pooled dust sample was
spiked with target and surrogate standards and processed with the
aforementioned method, along with two matrix blanks (only addition
of surrogate standards). After subtracting the levels in matrix blanks,
the recoveries of target chemicals from analytical procedures ranged
from 51 ± 15% to 136 ± 14% (Table S2). Matrix effects were evaluated for these plasticizers following
the method described in the previous study44 (link) and summarized in the SI. The determined
matrix effects ranged from 74 ± 6% to 127 ± 24% for NPPs
and 79 ± 16% to 147 ± 34% for PAEs (Table S2). Recoveries of surrogate standards during the analysis
of authentic samples ranged from 75 ± 16% to 139 ± 25%.
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Publication 2023
butylbenzyl phthalate diethyl phthalate diisobutyl phthalate dimethyl phthalate Glycols isopropyl palmitate methyl oleate monoolein nuclear phosphoprotein 75 phenyl-2-aminoethyl sulfide Phthalate, Dibutyl Plasticizers

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Publication 2023
Absolute Alcohol Bath Bone Tissue Ethanol Femur fluorexon Methylmethacrylate Mice, House Microscopy, Fluorescence Minerals Peroxide, Benzoyl Phthalate, Dibutyl Submersion Tissues Xylene
Bone samples were divided for histologic and histomorphometric evaluation. Samples were cut and fixed in 10% (w/v) formalin (Bio-Optica) for 3 days. For histomorphometric analysis, undecalcified samples were processed for plastic embedding, using a previously described protocol. Briefly, samples were dehydrated in a graded series of ethanol [50, 70 and 100% (v/v)], followed by immersion in xylol for 24 h. The undecalcified bone samples were infiltrated with a plastic embedding mixture using a three-step protocol. In each step, the samples were infiltrated for three consecutive days with daily freshly made solutions, containing 75% (v/v) of methylmethacrylate (MMA, Sigma-Aldrich) and 25% (v/v) of dibutyl phthalate (Prolabo) with increase in concentrations (0 g/mL; 0.01 g/mL and 0.025 g/mL) of benzoyl peroxide (Sigma-Aldrich). Polymerization was carried out at 37 °C for a week. The plastic blocks, containing the processed bone samples, were cut into 7 µm sections using a tungsten knife (Leica). After deplasticization, the sections were stained with toluidine blue staining. Trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) was determined using the Osteomeasure bone histomorphometry software (OsteoMetrics, OsteoMetrics, Inc.). The percentage of adipose tissue was calculated using a 15 to 11 points grid [38 (link), 39 (link)].
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Publication 2023
Bones Cancellous Bone Ethanol Formalin Methylmethacrylate Peroxide, Benzoyl Phthalate, Dibutyl Polymerization Submersion Tissue, Adipose Tolonium Chloride Tungsten Xylene
Around 4-µm-thick FFPE sections were used for manual staining. Briefly, FFPE sections were deparaffinized in xylene-1 and xylene-2 for 5 min each, rehydrated in graded alcohol (100% ethanol, 90% ethanol, 70% ethanol, and 50% ethanol), dipping slides for 2 min in each. Slides were immersed in tris-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) buffer (pH 9.0), heated in a domestic microwave oven at full power three times each for 5 min and left in buffer to cool at room temperature for at least 20 min. The sections were then incubated in 3% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 30 min at room temperature to block endogenous peroxidase activity. Then placed in protein blocking for 20 min, and incubated with the primary antibody (anti-VDR) at dilution 1:4,000 in 1% bovine serum albumin/tris-buffered saline overnight in a humid chamber at 4 °C.
The following day, the slides were washed and incubated with 100 µL of biotinylated secondary antibody (SignalStain® Boost IHC Detection Reagent; Cell Signaling Technology) for 30 min in a humidified slide tray, then with 100 µL of streptavidin peroxidase at room temperature for 20 min. 3,3’-diaminobenzidine (DAB) was used following the manufacturer’s instructions (HRP kit; Cat# ab64264). Slides were dried on the tissue and kept for 4 min on a humidified slide tray, washed with distilled water for 5 min and counterstained with pre-diluted hematoxylin stain for 2 min and rinsed with running tap water. Dehydration with four series of graded alcohol (70% ethanol, 80% ethanol, 90% ethanol and absolute ethanol) by dipping slides for 5 min each, then cleared in two series of xylene for 5 min each. Lastly, slides were mounted with di-N-butyl phthalate in xylene (DPX) and air-dried before microscope examination. A benign BC slide was used as a control for anti-vitamin D antibody.
Publication 2023
Alcohols anti-d antibody Bos taurus Buffers Dehydration Edetic Acid Ethanol Hematoxylin Immunoglobulins Microscopy Microwaves Peroxidase Peroxide, Hydrogen Phthalate, Dibutyl Proteins Saline Solution Serum Albumin Streptavidin Technique, Dilution Tissues Vitamins Xylene

Top products related to «Phthalate, Dibutyl»

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Dibutyl phthalate is a clear, oily liquid that is used as a plasticizer in various laboratory equipment and materials. It helps to increase the flexibility, durability, and longevity of the products it is used in.
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FITC is a fluorescent dye used in various laboratory applications. It is a green-fluorescent dye that is commonly used for labeling and detecting biomolecules, such as proteins, antibodies, and nucleic acids. FITC emits light in the green region of the visible spectrum when excited by a suitable light source.
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DPX is a laboratory instrument designed for the analysis and separation of chemical compounds. It functions as a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system, capable of accurately and efficiently separating and identifying the individual components within a sample. The DPX system provides essential analytical capabilities for researchers and scientists in various fields, including pharmaceutical development, environmental analysis, and quality control.
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Diethyl phthalate is a colorless, oily liquid used as a plasticizer in various laboratory equipment and scientific applications. It is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C₆H₄(COO(CH₂)₂CH₃)₂. The core function of diethyl phthalate is to improve the flexibility, durability, and longevity of the materials it is added to.
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Benzyl butyl phthalate is a chemical compound used in various laboratory applications. It is a colorless liquid with a mild odor. Benzyl butyl phthalate is a plasticizer, which means it is used to increase the flexibility and workability of other materials. In the laboratory setting, it may be used as a solvent or as an additive in certain experiments or procedures. However, a detailed and unbiased description of its core function cannot be provided without the risk of extrapolation or interpretation.
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Acetone is a colorless, volatile, and flammable liquid. It is a common solvent used in various industrial and laboratory applications. Acetone has a high solvency power, making it useful for dissolving a wide range of organic compounds.
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Dimethyl phthalate is a chemical compound used as a plasticizer and insect repellent. It is a colorless, oily liquid with a faint, floral odor. Dimethyl phthalate is commonly used in the manufacturing of various products, including plastics, cosmetics, and insecticides.
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Di-n-butyl phthalate is a chemical compound that is commonly used as a plasticizer in various products. It is a colorless, oily liquid with a slight odor. Di-n-butyl phthalate is primarily used to increase the flexibility and durability of plastics, particularly in the production of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) materials.
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Dioctyl phthalate is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is commonly used as a plasticizer in various industrial applications. It is a member of the phthalate ester group and is primarily utilized to increase the flexibility and durability of materials such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and other polymers.
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Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is a chemical compound commonly used as a plasticizer in various industrial applications. It is a colorless, oily liquid with a high boiling point. The core function of this compound is to increase the flexibility and durability of plastics and other materials.

More about "Phthalate, Dibutyl"

Dibutyl Phthalate (DBP) is a widely used phthalate ester compound with diverse industrial and consumer applications.
As a common plasticizer, DBP has been extensively researched due to its potential health and environmental impacts.
Related terms include Phthalate, Diethyl Phthalate (DEP), Benzyl Butyl Phthalate (BBP), Dimethyl Phthalate (DMP), Di-n-Butyl Phthalate (DNBP), Dioctyl Phthalate (DOP), and Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate (DEHP).
These phthalate compounds share similar chemical structures and applications, but may have distinct toxicological profiles and regulatory considerations.
Key subtopics for DBP research include its chemical properties, industrial uses (e.g. as a plasticizer in PVC products, inks, and cosmetics), environmental fate and transport, absorption and metabolism in biological systems, and potential adverse health effects (e.g. endocrine disruption, reproductive toxicity).
Analytical methods such as HPLC, GC-MS, and FTIR are commonly employed to identify and quantify DBP in various matrices.
The PubCompare.ai platform can streamline DBP research by providing intelligent comparisons of experimental protocols and optimizing the research process to ensure reproducible, accurate results.
By leveraging AI-driven analysis of the scientific literature, pre-prints, and patents, researchers can identify the best practices and protocols for their DBP-related studies, saving time and improving the quality of their work.
Whether your focus is on toxicology, environmental science, product safety, or a related field, PubCompare.ai can be a valuable tool for advancing your Dibutyl Phthalate research.