Cells were transduced at a MOI between 0.5 and 1. Viruses and cells were incubated overnight in D-MEM media (Invitrogen) containing 6 µg/ml of polybrene (Sigma) in a final volume of 950 µl for 6-well plates, 5 ml for 10 cm dishes and 11 ml for 15 cm dishes. The next day, the viruses were removed, the cells were rinsed twice with PBS and fresh media was added. For primary cells, a second round of transduction was done. Drug selection was added at 48 h post-transduction. The following concentrations were used: blasticidin: 2.5 µg/ml for WI38, HCA2, BJ cells and 5 µg/ml for the other cells, hygromycin: 100 µg/ml for WI38, HCA2, BJ cells, 200 µg/ml for U2OS cells and 300 µg/ml for HT1080 cells, neomycin: 300 µg/ml for WI38, HCA2, BJ cells and 800 µg/ml for the other cells, puromycin: 0.5 µg/ml for HeLa cells and 2.0 µg/ml for other cells, zeocin: 400 µg/ml for HT1080 cells and 200 µg/ml for other cells. Induction of the cDNA/shRNA/miRNA was typically done by addition of doxycycline at a final concentration of 1.0 µg/ml for 48 h (cDNA) or 96 h (shRNA/miRNA) unless indicated otherwise.
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