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Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic

Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic are a class of organic compounds consisting of two or more fused aromatic rings.
These complex molecules are found in a variety of natural and man-made sources, and have been the focus of extensive research due to their diverse applications and potential health and environmental impacts.
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Leveraging intelligent comparisons, the platform enhances reproducibility and accuracy, ensuring optimal results.
Discover the future of PAHs research today and explore the latest advancements in this crucial field of study.

Most cited protocols related to «Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic»

1
Quantification of Nitro-PAHs and PAHs
Cited 433 times
In this work, we used as authentic nitro-PAH standards a NIST SRM 2265 (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons nitrated in methylene chloride II), which contained 2-nitrofluoranthene (2-NFLT, CAS# 13177-29-2), 3-nitrofluoranthene (3-NFL, CAS# 892-21-7), 1-nitropyrene (1-NPYR, CAS# 5522-43-0), 2-nitropyrene (2-NPYR, CAS# 789-07-1), and 3-nitrobenzanthrone (3-NBA, CAS# 17117-34-9), among others. Their certified concentrations were 5.46 ± 0.15 µg mL−1 (2-NFLT), 6.14 ± 0.13 µg mL−1 (3-NFLT), 6.91 ± 0.27 µg mL−1 (1-NPYR), 6.91 ± 0.27 µg mL−1 (2-NPYR), and 4.39 ± 0.11 µg mL−1 (3-NBA). Since SRM 2265 does not include 2-nitrobenzanthrone (2-NBA, CAS# 111326-48-8), this compound was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (USA) (>99% purity) and added to that. Authentic standards for fluoranthene (FLT, CAS# 206-44-0), pyrene (PYR, CAS# 129-00-0), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP, CAS# 50-32-8), and benzo[a]anthracene (BaA, CAS# 56-55-3), among others, are included in the EPA 610 PAH mix, at 2000 µg mL−1 each, in methanol: methylene chloride (1:1) (Supelco, USA). In this study, stock and analytical solutions were prepared by successive dilutions in acetonitrile (chromatographic and spectroscopic grade, J.T. Baker, USA).
Santos A.G., da Rocha G.O, & de Andrade J.B. (2019). Occurrence of the potent mutagens 2- nitrobenzanthrone and 3-nitrobenzanthrone in fine airborne particles. Scientific Reports, 9, 1.
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Publication 2019
1-nitropyrene 2-nitrobenzanthrone 2-nitrofluoranthene 2-nitropyrene 3-nitrobenzanthrone 3-nitrofluoranthene acetonitrile anthracene Benzo(a)pyrene Chromatography fluoranthene Methanol Methylene Chloride Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic pyrene Spectrum Analysis Technique, Dilution
2
Carcinogenic Risk Assessment of PM2.5-bound PAHs
Cited 411 times
Carcinogenic and mutagenic risk assessments15 (link),60 (link)–63 (link),67 (link)–69 (link) induced by inhalation of PM2.5-bound enriched with selected nitro-PAHs (1-NPYR, 2-NPYR, 2-NFLT, 3-NFLT, 2-NBA, and 3-NBA) and PAHs (PYR, FLT, BaP, and BaA) were estimated in the bus station and coastal site samples according to calculations done by Wang et al.60 (link), Nascimento et al.61 (link), and Schneider et al.67 (link) PAH and PAH derivatives risk assessment is done in terms of BaP toxicity, which is well established67 (link)–73 (link). The daily inhalation levels (EI) were calculated as: EI=BaPeq×IR=(∑Ci×TEFi)×IR where EI (ng person−1 day−1) is the daily inhalation exposure, IR (m³ d−1) is the inhalation rate (m³ d−1), BaPeq is the equivalent of benzo[a]pyrene (BaPeq = Σ Ci × TEFi) (in ng m−3), Ci is the PM2.5 concentration level for a target compound i, and TEFi is the toxic equivalent factor of the compound i. TEF values were considered those from Tomaz et al.15 (link), Nisbet and LaGoy69 (link), OEHHA72 , Durant et al.73 (link), and references therein. EI in terms of mutagenicity was calculated using equation (1), just replacing the TEF data by the mutagenic potency factors (MEFs) data, published by Durant et al.73 (link). Individual TEFs and MEFs values and other data used in this study are described in SI, Table S4.
The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) was used to assess the inhalation risk for the population in the Greater Salvador, where the bus station and the coastal site are located. ILCR is calculated as: ILCR=(EI×SF×ED×cf×EF)/(AT×BW) where SF is the cancer slope factor of BaP, which was 3.14 (mg kg−1 d−1)−1 for inhalation exposure60 (link), EF (day year−1) represents the exposure frequency (365 days year−1), ED (year) represents exposure duration to air particles (year), cf is a conversion factor (1 × 10−6), AT (days) means the lifespan of carcinogens in 70 years (70 × 365 = 25,550 days)70 ,72 , and BW (kg) is the body weight of a subject in a target population71 .
The risk assessment was performed considering four different target groups in the population: adults (>21 years), adolescents (11–16 years), children (1–11 years), and infants (<1 year). The IR for adults, adolescents, children, and infants were 16.4, 21.9, 13.3, 6.8 m3 day−1, respectively. The BW was considered 80 kg for adults, 56.8 kg for adolescents, 26.5 kg for children and 6.8 kg for infants70 .
Santos A.G., da Rocha G.O, & de Andrade J.B. (2019). Occurrence of the potent mutagens 2- nitrobenzanthrone and 3-nitrobenzanthrone in fine airborne particles. Scientific Reports, 9, 1.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2019
Adolescent Adult Benzo(a)pyrene Body Weight Carcinogens Child derivatives Factor X Fibrinogen fluoromethyl 2,2-difluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl ether Health Risk Assessment Infant Inhalation Inhalation Exposure Malignant Neoplasms Mutagens Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic Population at Risk Population Group Respiratory Rate
3
Quantifying PAHs in Environmental Samples
Cited 15 times

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Publication 2015
2,2,4-trimethylpentane acenaphthylene Benzo(a)pyrene chrysene Environmental Pollutants fluoranthene naphthalene Perylene phenanthrene Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic Solvents Technique, Dilution
4
Prenatal PAH Exposure in NYC Cohort
Cited 15 times
Study subjects are nonsmoking Dominican and African-American women residing in Washington Heights, Central Harlem, and the South Bronx, New York, who delivered at New York Presbyterian Medical Center, Harlem Hospital, or their satellite clinics since February 1998, as previously described (Perera et al. 2003 (link)) (Table 1). Subjects signed a consent form approved by the Columbia University institutional review board. Race/ethnicity was self-identified. Subjects were interviewed using a questionnaire to elicit environmental and health histories, including exposure to tobacco smoke at home or work and dietary ingestion of PAHs via smoked, fried, broiled, barbecued, and grilled foods. Subjects included in the present analysis are those with available PAH-DNA adduct data for both mother and child. Not all subjects in the ongoing parent study (n = 474) had adduct data available because assays are ongoing and in some cases the amount of DNA was inadequate for analysis. However, the present subset is representative of the larger study cohort in that there were no significant differences between the present subset and the overall cohort with respect to any of the demographic and exposure variables shown in Table 1. Maternal blood (30–35 mL) was collected within 1 day postpartum, and umbilical cord blood (30–60 mL) was collected at delivery (Perera et al. 2003 (link)). Samples were transported to the laboratory immediately after collection. The buffy coat, packed red blood cells, and plasma were separated and stored at −70°C. BaP-DNA adducts in extracted WBC DNA were analyzed using the HPLC–fluorescence method of Alexandrov et al. (1992) (link), which detects BaP tetraols. The assay gives zero values when unexposed calf thymus DNA is tested (D. Tang, personal communication). The method has a coefficient of variation of 12% and a lower limit of detection of 0.25 adducts per 108 nucleotides. HPLC analysis of DNA samples for BaP-DNA adducts was performed in batches, with 18-paired maternal and newborn samples in the same batch. A portion of each sample was shipped to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for analysis of cotinine using HPLC atmospheric-pressure ionization tandem mass spectrometry, as previously described (Bernert et al. 2000 (link)). Current data on annual average ambient concentrations of BaP in New York City are not available. However, outdoor 24-hr average BaP concentrations measured in U.S. urban areas have generally been in the range of 0.5–4 ng/m3 in recent years (U.S. EPA 1990 ). Personal air monitoring of the New York City mothers for 48 hr during pregnancy provided data on PAHs, including BaP (Perera et al. 2003 (link)). For the first 344 subjects analyzed, the average personal BaP concentration was 0.5 ng/m3 (range, 0.02–6.44). This may be an overestimate of mean ambient exposure because personal monitoring can also reflect indoor sources such as ETS. We estimate that the ambient BaP exposure of the New York City cohort, and by inference their exposure to other related PAHs, was at least 6- to 30-fold lower than that of the Polish cohort (0.5 vs. 3–15 ng/m3).
Perera F.P., Tang D., Tu Y.H., Cruz L.A., Borjas M., Bernert T, & Whyatt R.M. (2004). Biomarkers in Maternal and Newborn Blood Indicate Heightened Fetal Susceptibility to Procarcinogenic DNA Damage. Environmental Health Perspectives, 112(10), 1133-1136.
Publication 2004
African American Atmospheric Pressure benzo(a)pyrene-DNA adduct Biological Assay BLOOD calf thymus DNA Child Cotinine Diet Erythrocytes Ethics Committees, Research Ethnicity Fluorescence Food High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Infant, Newborn Mothers Nicotiana tabacum Nucleotides Obstetric Delivery Parent Plasma polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-DNA adduct Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic Pregnancy Tandem Mass Spectrometry Umbilical Cord Blood Woman
5
Quantifying PAH Metabolites in Urine
Cited 14 times
All solvents were HPLC grade, and chemicals were reagent grade. We
purchased acetonitrile, ethanol, 0.1% formic acid in water, methanol,
water, and ammonium fluoride from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA);
ascorbic acid, sodium acetate, and Helix pomatia β-glucuronidase type
H-1 (β-glucuronidase ≥300,000 units/g, sulfatase ≥10,000
units/g) from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). We obtained
1-hydroxynaphthalene (1-OH-NAP), 2-hydroxynaphthalene (2-OH-NAP),
2-hydroxyfluorene (2-OH-FLU), 3-hydroxyfluorene (3-OH-FLU),
1-hydroxyphenanthrene (1-OH-PHE), 2-hydroxyphenanthrene, 3-hydroxyphenanthrene,
4-hydroxyphenanthrene (4-OH-PHE), 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OH-PYR), and their
corresponding 13C-labeled internal standards (IS, listed in Table 1) from Cambridge Isotope
Laboratories (Andover, MA, USA).
We purchased smokers’ urine samples from BioreclamationIVT
(Westbury, NY, USA). We also collected urine anonymously in 2015 from non-smoker
adult volunteers with no documented occupational exposure to PAHs in Atlanta,
GA. We obtained two Standard Reference Materials® (SRMs), SRM 3672
(smoker urine) and SRM 3673 (non-smoker urine), from the US National Institute
of Standards and Technology (NIST) (Gaithersburg, MD, USA). All urine specimens
were stored upon collection or arrival at −70 °C until use.
Appropriate safety control measures (including engineering,
administrative, and personal protective equipment) were used for all procedures
based on a site-specific risk assessment that identified physical, health, and
procedural hazards.
Wang Y., Meng L., Pittman E.N., Etheredge A., Hubbard K., Trinidad D.A., Kato K., Ye X, & Calafat A.M. (2016). Quantification of Urinary Mono-hydroxylated Metabolites of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by on-line Solid Phase Extraction-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 409(4), 931-937.
Publication 2016
1-hydroxyphenanthrene 1-hydroxypyrene 1-nitro-2-acetylpyrrole 2-hydroxyfluorene 2-naphthol 4-hydroxyphenanthrene acetonitrile ammonium fluoride Ascorbic Acid beta-Glucuronidase Ethanol formic acid Health Risk Assessment Helix (Snails) High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Methanol N-(2-naphthalenesulfonyl)aspartyl-(2-phenethyl)amide Naphthols Non-Smokers Occupational Exposure Physical Examination Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic Safety Sodium Acetate Solvents Sulfatases Urine Voluntary Workers

Most recents protocols related to «Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic»

1
Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Dopamine Hydrochloride (DA·HCl, 98%) and octadecylamine (GC, >97%) were purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (China). Tris(hydroxymethyl)-amino methane (Tris, 99%) was obtained from Nanjing SunShine Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (China). Acetonitrile (ACN) was of HPLC grade and purchased from TEDIA (USA). Other chemicals were of analytical grade. The sample vials were obtained from ANW Technologies (China). The normal saline for injection (Shijiazhuang Four Drugs Co., Ltd., 0.9%), benzylpenicillin sodium for injection (Shandong Lukang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 160 million units per 96 g) and omeprazole sodium for injection (Jiangsu Wuzhong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., 40 mg) were commercial products.
Standard mixtures of the 16 PAHs with 200 μg mL−1 of each compound dissolved in acetonitrile (for HPLC analysis) was obtained from Manhage Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (China). The 16 PAHs were naphthalene (NAP), acenaphthylene (ANY), acenaphthene (ANA), fluorene (FLU), phenanthrene (PHE), anthracene (ANT), fluoranthene (FLT), pyrene (PYR), benz[a]anthracene (BaA), chrysene (CHR), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF), benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), indeno[1,2,3 cd]pyrene (IPY), dibenz[a,h]anthracene (DBA) and benzo[ghi]perylene (BPE). The PAHs stock solution was prepared with acetonitrile at the concentration of each at 2 μg mL−1, and kept at 4 °C in darkness. PAHs working solutions were prepared by the dilution of the stock solution.
Yang H., Ding Y., Ding Y, & Liu J. (2023). In-vial solid-phase extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in drug formulations stored in packaging containing rubber. RSC Advances, 13(12), 7848-7856.
Publication 2023
acenaphthene acenaphthylene acetonitrile anthracene Benzo(a)pyrene benzo(b)fluoranthene benzo(k)fluoranthene chrysene Darkness fluoranthene fluorene High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Hydrochloride, Dopamine Methane naphthalene Normal Saline Omeprazole Sodium Penicillin G Sodium Perylene Pharmaceutical Preparations phenanthrene Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic pyrene stearamine Sunlight Technique, Dilution Tromethamine
2
HPLC Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
The HPLC analysis was performed on a SHIMADZU LC-20AT series HPLC system (Kyoto, Japan) with RF-20A fluorescent spectrophotometric detector and SPD-M20A photodiode array ultraviolet-visible light detector. A Zorbax Eclipse PAH (4.6 × 150 mm i.d., 5 μm, Agilent Technologies) column was used for PAHs separation. The column temperature was 30 °C. The mobile phase consisting of ACN and water was in gradient mode (Table 1). And the initial flow rate was 2 mL min−1. The injection volume was 20 μL. ANY was detected by DAD at 228 nm, and the other PAHs were detected by FLD. The excitation and emission wavelengths of FLD were summarized in Table 1.
Yang H., Ding Y., Ding Y, & Liu J. (2023). In-vial solid-phase extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in drug formulations stored in packaging containing rubber. RSC Advances, 13(12), 7848-7856.
Publication 2023
High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic Spectrophotometry Ultraviolet Rays
3
PM Exposure and Oxidative Stress Responses
Particulate matter (PM10 PAH, PM2.5 PAH, and PM2.5 EI) was purchased from European Reference Materials (ERM-CZ100, ERM-CZ110; B-2440 European Commission, Geel, Belgium). PM2.5 PAHs were also obtained by separation from the PM10 certified reference material (i.e., ERM-CZ100) based on the modified sedimentation method (17 (link)). Liproxstatin-1 (SML1414), Deferiprone (379409), and Chloroquine (C6628) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. Inc. (St Louis, MO, USA). Necrosulfonamide (20844) and mito-TEMPO (16621) were purchased from Cayman Chemical Co. (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). z-VAD-fmk (cs-0015633) was purchased from ChemScene (Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA). N-acetyl-L-cysteine (A0905) was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Chiyodaku, Tokyo, Japan). The following antibodies were used: HO-1 (ADI-SPA-816; Enzo Biochem Inc., NY, USA), xCT (NB300-318; Novus Biologicals, CO, USA), transferrin receptor (13-6800; Invitrogen, MA, USA), ferritin (ab75973) and transferrin (ab1223; Abcam, Cambridge, UK), LC3B (L7543), and p62 (P0067; Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. Inc., MO, USA). The proteins and inhibitors, β-actin (sc-47778), p53 (sc-6243), cleaved Caspase-9 (sc-56073), Keap1 (sc-33569), Nrf2 (sc-722), ATG5 (sc-133158), and ATG7 (sc-33211) were obtained. SOD1 (sc-11407), SOD2 (sc-30080), catalase (sc-50508; Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc., CA, USA), cleaved Caspase-3 (9661s), cleaved PARP (5625s), and GPX-4 (52455s; Cell Signaling Technology Co., MA, USA).
Park M., Cho Y.L., Choi Y., Min J.K., Park Y.J., Yoon S.J., Kim D.S., Son M.Y., Chung S.W., Lee H, & Lee S.J. (2023). Particulate matter induces ferroptosis by accumulating iron and dysregulating the antioxidant system. BMB Reports, 56(2), 96-101.
Publication 2023
Acetylcysteine Actins Antibodies benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone Biological Factors Caimans Caspase 3 Caspase 9 Catalase Chloroquine Deferiprone Europeans Ferritin inhibitors KEAP1 protein, human liproxstatin-1 Mitomycin N-(4-(N-(3-methoxypyrazin-2-yl)sulfamoyl)phenyl)-3-(5-nitrothiophene-2-yl)acrylamide NFE2L2 protein, human Novus Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic Proteins SOD2 protein, human Transferrin Transferrin Receptor
4
Quantitative Analysis of 16 PAHs in Soil
The soil samples were tested for the following 16 USEPA priority PAHs: acenaphthene (Ace), benzo (ghi)perylene (BghiP), anthracene (Ant), acenaphthylene (Acy), benzo(a)anthracene (BaA), benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbF), chrysene (Chr), dibenzo(a,h)anthracene (DahA), benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF), fluorene (Flo), fluoranthene (Fluo), indeno (1,2,3-cd) pyrene (IcdP), benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), naphthalene (Nap), pyrene (Pyr) and phenanthrene (Phe). Analytical procedures and sample preparation methods in this research were comparable to those mentioned in previous reports.5,11,40–42 (link) The samples were quantitatively analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS, Agilent 6890N GC-5975 MSD) for the 16 PAHs. Text S2 gives a detailed description of the chemical analysis, analytical procedures, and sample preparation.
Janneh M., Qu C., Zhang Y., Xing X., Nkwazema O., Nyihirani F, & Qi S. (2023). Distribution, sources, and ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in agricultural and dumpsite soils in Sierra Leone. RSC Advances, 13(11), 7102-7116.
Publication 2023
acenaphthene acenaphthylene anthracene Benzo(a)pyrene benzo(b)fluoranthene benzo(k)fluoranthene chrysene fluoranthene fluorene Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry naphthalene Perylene phenanthrene Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic pyrene
5
Soil Contamination Assessment in Sierra Leone
Sierra Leone is a state in West Africa that borders Liberia to the south and Guinea to the north. It is situated on the Atlantic Ocean's west coast with longitudes of 10.21 to 13.32° W and latitudes of 6.91–10.08° N Fig. 1. It has a total area of 71 740 km2 (27 699 sq. mi). According to the 2015 census report, it has a population of 7 092 113 people.38 (link) The climate is tropical, hot, and humid throughout the year, with two distinct seasons: dry and rainy. The average temperatures during the dry and rainy seasons range from 25–27 °C and 22–25 °C, respectively. The rainy and dry seasons are from May to October and November to April, respectively. The primary precipitation is tropical rainfall of 5000 m2 along the coast and 2000 m2 along the backland. Heavy rainfall characterizes the wet season, whereas hot sunshine and dust-laden trade breezes from the Sahara Desert characterize the dry season. The sample collection was conducted during the wet/rainy season. During the rainy/wet season, runoff from surface soil into groundwater may transport significant loads of PAH contaminants into groundwater, creating a non-point pollution source that jeopardizes groundwater quality.39 (link) The primary source of drinking water in Sierra Leone, like many other African countries, is groundwater. When it rains heavily, the system's soil becomes a net source of PAHs rather than a net sink. The amount of PAH enrichment in the soil is different for each PAH compound and depends heavily on runoff and soil erosion processes.40 Text S1 gives a detailed description of the study area, while Table S1† shows the population densities of the study area.
Seventeen topsoil (0–20 cm) samples were collected from six major geographic cities in Sierra Leone (September to October 2019) during the rainy season. The six cities were subdivided into three administrative divisions: Freetown, the commercial capital city including western urban (Kingtom) and rural (Waterloo); southern province (Bonganema); northern province, including Makeni, Magburaka, Kabala, and Sinikoro. A global positioning system (GPS) was used throughout the sampling procedure to correctly record the sampling sites' geographical coordinates in the field. Using a cleaned stainless-steel scoop, at each sampling site, 5 subsamples were collected and fully combined to form a homogeneous composite sample within a 2 m plot: east, west, south, north, and a central point. Prior to being stored in an ice-cold box, each composite sample weighed around 200 grams and was coated immediately in aluminum foil, stored separately, and sealed in labeled polythene bags. The samples were subsequently frozen and transported to the laboratory. Before extraction, the samples were sealed and frozen at −18 °C until pre-treatment within 30 days. Before extraction and chemical analysis, the samples were defrosted, air-dried, and sieved through a <2 mm mesh sieve.
Janneh M., Qu C., Zhang Y., Xing X., Nkwazema O., Nyihirani F, & Qi S. (2023). Distribution, sources, and ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in agricultural and dumpsite soils in Sierra Leone. RSC Advances, 13(11), 7102-7116.
Publication 2023
A 113 Aluminum Climate Cold Temperature Freezing Negroid Races Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic Polyethylene Rain Soil Erosion Specimen Collection Stainless Steel Sunlight

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More about "Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic"

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of organic compounds composed of two or more fused aromatic rings.
These complex molecules are found in a variety of natural and man-made sources, ranging from fossil fuels to tobacco smoke.
PAHs have been the focus of extensive research due to their diverse applications and potential health and environmental impacts.
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The platform helps scientists effortlessly locate the best protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, enhancing reproducibility and accuracy.
By leveraging intelligent comparisons, PubCompare.ai ensures that researchers can achieve optimal results in their PAHs studies.
In addition to PAHs research, scientists may also utilize related tools and techniques such as the RT2 First Strand Kit, RNeasy Mini Kit, RT2 Profiler PCR Array, TRIzol reagent, RT2 SYBR Green qPCR Mastermix, RT2 SYBR Green ROX qPCR Mastermix, RNeasy Plus Mini Kit, RNeasy kit, and TRIzol.
These solutions can provide valuable insights and enhance the accuracy and reproducibility of experiments involving PAHs and other complex organic compounds.
Discover the future of PAHs research today and explore the latest advancements in this crucial field of study.
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