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Polysorbate 20

Polysorbate 20 is a nonionic surfactant and emulsifier widely used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries.
It is a polyethoxylated sorbitan ester derived from polyethylene glycol and oleic acid.
Polysorbate 20 is known for its ability to solubilize and stabilize various compounds, making it a valuable ingredient in a range of products, from topical creams to drug formulations.
Its versatility and effectiveness have made it a common component in many formulations, contributing to its widespread use and importance in scientific research and development.

Most cited protocols related to «Polysorbate 20»

1
Synthesis and Characterization of Selenium Nanoparticles
Cited 7 times
SeNPs were prepared via a reduction of sodium selenite by ascorbic acid and stabilized by polysorbate 20. Briefly, 30 mg of Na2SeO3.5H2O was added to 90 mL of Milli-Q water. Ascorbic acid (10 mL, 56.7 mM) was added dropwise to sodium selenite solution with vigorous stirring.10 µL of polysorbate were added after each 2 ml of ascorbic acid. Selenium nanoparticles were formed after the addition of ascorbic acid. This can be visualized by a color change of the reactant solution from clear white to clear red. All solutions were made in a sterile environment by using a sterile cabinet and double distilled water. Selenium nanoparticles were then collected by centrifuging the solution at 12000 rpm. The pellet was resuspended in sterile double distilled water before use in bacteria experiments. Selenium contents of nanoparticles were determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES, model Vista-Pro from Varian).
Vahdati M, & Tohidi Moghadam T. (2020). Synthesis and Characterization of Selenium Nanoparticles-Lysozyme Nanohybrid System with Synergistic Antibacterial Properties. Scientific Reports, 10, 510.
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Publication 2020
Ascorbic Acid Bacteria Plasma Polysorbate 20 Polysorbates Selenite, Sodium Selenium Spectrum Analysis Sterility, Reproductive sulfoenolpyruvate Vision
2
Fabrication of Heparin Methacrylamide Microparticles
Cited 7 times

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Publication 2014
Acetone ammonium peroxydisulfate Bath Cell-Derived Microparticles Cell Culture Techniques Centrifugation Corn oil Emulsions Ethanol Free Radicals Heparin methacrylamide Nitrogen Oxygen Phosphates Polymerization Polysorbate 20 Promega Saline Solution Sterility, Reproductive tetramethylethylenediamine
3
Quantifying Bacterial Cell Wall Remodeling
Cited 7 times
Exponentially growing cells were diluted to OD600 ~0.3 in media containing D-alanine or dipeptide analogs. Aliquots were taken after five min and 60 min. For copper catalyzed click-chemistry involving alkyne containing PG probes and Alexa Fluor 488 Azide (Invitrogen), cells were fixed in ice-cold 70% EtOH washed once with 1X PBS [NaCl 8 g/L, KCl 0.2 g/L, Na2HPO4-2H2O 1.78 g/L, KH2PO4 0.27 g/L, pH 7.4] + 0.15 % Polysorbate 20, once with 1X PBS + 1 % Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) and the click-chemistry was performed using Click-iT® Cell Reaction Buffer Kit (Invitrogen; with 10 µM azide concentration). For live-cell experiments involving azide containing PG probes, cells were washed twice with 1X PBS and copper-free click chemistry was performed using Alexa Fluor® 488 DIBO Alkyne (Invitrogen; 50 µM DIBO alkyne concentration) at room temperature for 30 min. The cells were washed three times in 1X PBS and either directly imaged or resuspended in medium, grown for 30 min and then imaged.
Liechti G., Kuru E., Hall E., Kalinda A., Brun Y.V., VanNieuwenhze M, & Maurelli A.T. (2013). A new metabolic cell wall labeling method reveals peptidoglycan in Chlamydia trachomatis. Nature, 506(7489), 507-510.
Publication 2013
Alanine alexa fluor 488 Alkynes Azides Buffers Cells Cold Temperature Copper Dipeptides Ethanol Polysorbate 20 Serum Albumin, Bovine Sodium Chloride
4
Quantifying Bacterial Cell Wall Remodeling
Cited 7 times
Exponentially growing cells were diluted to OD600 ~0.3 in media containing D-alanine or dipeptide analogs. Aliquots were taken after five min and 60 min. For copper catalyzed click-chemistry involving alkyne containing PG probes and Alexa Fluor 488 Azide (Invitrogen), cells were fixed in ice-cold 70% EtOH washed once with 1X PBS [NaCl 8 g/L, KCl 0.2 g/L, Na2HPO4-2H2O 1.78 g/L, KH2PO4 0.27 g/L, pH 7.4] + 0.15 % Polysorbate 20, once with 1X PBS + 1 % Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) and the click-chemistry was performed using Click-iT® Cell Reaction Buffer Kit (Invitrogen; with 10 µM azide concentration). For live-cell experiments involving azide containing PG probes, cells were washed twice with 1X PBS and copper-free click chemistry was performed using Alexa Fluor® 488 DIBO Alkyne (Invitrogen; 50 µM DIBO alkyne concentration) at room temperature for 30 min. The cells were washed three times in 1X PBS and either directly imaged or resuspended in medium, grown for 30 min and then imaged.
Liechti G., Kuru E., Hall E., Kalinda A., Brun Y.V., VanNieuwenhze M, & Maurelli A.T. (2013). A new metabolic cell wall labeling method reveals peptidoglycan in Chlamydia trachomatis. Nature, 506(7489), 507-510.
Publication 2013
Alanine alexa fluor 488 Alkynes Azides Buffers Cells Cold Temperature Copper Dipeptides Ethanol Polysorbate 20 Serum Albumin, Bovine Sodium Chloride
5
Nanoparticle Fabrication and Characterization
Cited 5 times
N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC) with a degree of quaternization of 15% was prepared from chitosan and used to make TMC nanoparticles, as described in the literature (17 (link)). In short, TMC was dissolved in a 5 mM HEPES buffer (pH 7.4), and pentasodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) was added under continuous stirring to a weight ratio TMC:TPP of 10:1.8. Nanoparticles were collected by centrifugation (30 min, 15,000 g) on a glycerol bed, to avoid aggregation, and resuspended in 5 mM HEPES buffer (pH 7.4). The sample was diluted 1,000-fold with deionized water before the measurements.
PLGA nanoparticles were prepared by an “oil-in-water” solvent evaporation method, using polysorbate 20 as emulsifying agent. Briefly, 1 ml of dichloromethane containing 50 mg of PLGA and 2 ml 1% (w/v) polysorbate 20 were emulsified using an ultrasonic processor for 15 s at 70 W (Branson Instruments, Connecticut, USA). The emulsion was transferred to 50 ml of 0.02% (w/v) polysorbate 20 in water and stirred at 50°C for 1 hr. The resulting PLGA nanoparticles were collected by centrifugation (8,000 g for 10 min) and washed twice in distilled water to remove excess polysorbate 20. The sample was diluted 2000-fold with deionized water before the measurements.
Cationic liposomes were prepared by the film-hydration-rehydration method and sized by sonication. In detail, a lipid film was formed by solvent evaporation of a chloroform solution of EPC, DOPE and DOTAP in a rotary evaporator at 37°C. To prepare 1 ml of liposome dispersion, a total amount of 28 μmol lipid was used at a EPC/DOPE/DOTAP molar ratio of 4/2/1. The film was hydrated in 1 ml of 20 mM HEPES, 5% glucose, pH 7.4, and the dispersion was equilibrated for 1 hr at room temperature. The dispersion was then sonicated twice for 30 s, with 30 s interval, using a Branson Sonifier 250 (Branson Ultrasonics, Danbury, UK), with 3 mm microtip at 20 mW energy output. The sample was diluted 10,000-fold with deionized water before the measurements.
All the buffers used in this section were filtered using a 0.22-μm PES low binding syringe-driven filter unit (Millex™ GP, Millipore, Ireland), and the absence/very low content of submicron particles was confirmed by their visualization in the NanoSight sample chamber.
Filipe V., Hawe A, & Jiskoot W. (2010). Critical Evaluation of Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) by NanoSight for the Measurement of Nanoparticles and Protein Aggregates. Pharmaceutical Research, 27(5), 796-810.
Publication 2010
1,2-dioleoyloxy-3-(trimethylammonium)propane Buffers Cations Centrifugation Chitosan Chloroform Emulsions Glucose Glycerin HEPES Lipid A Lipids Liposomes Methylene Chloride Molar N-trimethyl chitosan Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer Polysorbate 20 Rehydration SERPINF1 protein, human Solvents Syringes triphosphate triphosphoric acid, sodium salt Ultrasonics

Most recents protocols related to «Polysorbate 20»

1
Purification of IL-2 Mutein Polymer Prodrug
Not available on PMC !

Example 6

Compound 3 was generated from the purification process of IL-2 mutein Ala-M1 polymer prodrug 5. During separation of compound 5 on a Capto MMC ImpRes resin the later eluting peak which contains 3 was collected. The collected fraction was diluted with 10 mM succinic acid, pH 5.0 to lower the conductivity to approx. 14 mS/cm and further purified on a Äkta system equipped with a HiScreen Capto Blue column using buffer A (20 mM sodium phosphate, pH 7.5), buffer B (20 mM sodium phosphate, 1 M NaCl, pH 7.5) and a gradient from 0 to 50% buffer B in 6 column volumes. The main peak was collected and concentrated using Amicon Ultra centrifugal device (3 kDa MWCO). The concentrated solution was buffer exchanged to 10 mM Hepes, 150 mM NaCl, 3 mM EDTA, 0.05% polysorbate 20, pH 7.4 by using an Äkta system and a HiPrep 26/10 column and the concentration was adjusted to 0.25 mg/mL to give compound 3.

US11879001B2. Conjugate comprising an IL-2 moiety (2024-01-23). ASCENDIS PHARMA ONCOLOGY DIVISION A/S [DK]. Inventors: Nina Gunnarsson [DK], Matiss Maleckis [DK], David B. Rosen [US].
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Patent 2024
Buffers Edetic Acid Electric Conductivity HEPES interleukin-2, polyethylene glycol-modified Medical Devices mutein 2 mutein 5 Polymers Polysorbate 20 Prodrugs Resins, Plant Sodium Chloride sodium phosphate Succinic Acid
2
Denosumab Aggregation Inhibition Formulation Study
Not available on PMC !

Example 2

Evaluation of 10 mM acetate, 75 mM L-arginine, 2.4% (w/v) sorbitol, 0.01% (w/v) polysorbate 20 excipients formulations and a 10 mM acetate, 5% (w/v) sorbitol, 0.01% (w/v) polysorbate 20 excipients formulation, each with high concentration (120 mg/mL) denosumab, at a temperature of 37° C. for up to 1 month revealed the effects of pH and amino acid aggregation inhibitor on the rate and extent of HMWS formation. The formulations tested are described in Table 2 below. All buffer and excipient values quoted are for the buffer and excipient concentrations that the antibody is diafiltered against.

To prepare test samples M-Q, a 3 mL aliquot of denosumab at 70 mg/mL in acetate, pH 5.2 was dialyzed against 500 mL of DF buffer described below, with a total of 3 buffer changes to achieve a 1 million fold dilution of the previous formulation to ensure complete buffer exchange. The material was then over-concentrated using centrifuge-concentrator, followed by a dilution to 120 mg/mL and the addition of polysorbate 20 to a final concentration of 0.01%.

TABLE 2
AbbreviationDF Formulation Composition
MAcetate/Arginine/10 mM Acetate, 75 mM L-Arginine HCl,
Sorbitol/PS20/pH 4.52.4% (w/v) Sorbitol, pH 4.5
NAcetate/Arginine/10 mM Acetate, 75 mM L-Arginine HCl,
Sorbitol/PS20/pH 4.82.4% (w/v) Sorbitol, pH 4.8
OAcetate/Arginine/10 mM Acetate, 75 mM L-Arginine HCl,
Sorbitol/PS20/pH 5.22.4% (w/v) Sorbitol, pH 5.2
PAcetate/Sorbitol/10 mM Acetate, 5% (w/v) Sorbitol,
PS20/pH 5.2pH 4.5
QAcetate/Sorbitol/10 mM Acetate, 5% (w/v) Sorbitol,
PS20/pH 5.3pH 4.8

FIG. 2 shows the percent HMWS monitored by SE-UHPLC as a function of formulation and time at 37° C. FIG. 3 shows size exclusion chromatograms as a function of formulation following storage at 37° C. for 1 month.

As the solution pH decreased, there was an increase in formation of large aggregates. At pH below 4.8, and especially 4.5, large aggregates were the dominant HWMS, with a dramatic increase for the test formulation at pH 4.5. As shown in FIG. 3, formulations P and Q had the lowest amount of higher order HWMS (retention time about 6 minutes), followed by comparative formulations 0, N, and M having decreasing pH values.

However, as the pH was increased, there was generally a resulting increase in the dimer species. As shown in FIG. 3, formulation N had the lowest amount of dimer species (retention time about 6.8 minutes), followed by formulations M, O, P and Q.

The presence of arginine in formulation O at a concentration of 75 mM resulted in approximately 0.3% and 25% reductions in the amounts of the dimer species and its kinetic rate of formation, respectively, after 1 month at 37° C. when compared to formulation P having the same pH, but without arginine.

US11873343B2. Pharmaceutical formulations comprising anti-RANKL antibodies and an aromatic amino acid comprising a phenyl or an indole (2024-01-16). AMGEN INC. [US]. Inventors: Stephen Robert Brych [US], Lyanne M. Wong [US], Jaymille Fallon [US], Monica Michelle Goss [US], Jian Hua Gu [US], Pavan K. Ghattyvenkatakrishna [US].
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Patent 2024
Acetate Amino Acids Anti-Antibodies Arginine Arginine Hydrochloride Aromatic Amino Acids Buffers Denosumab Dosage Forms Excipients Immunoglobulins indole Kinetics Polysorbate 20 Retention (Psychology) Sorbitol Technique, Dilution TNFSF11 protein, human
3
pH Optimization for PF-06439535 Formulation
Initial pH screening studies were performed using PF-06439535 drug substance material by formulating in acetate, histidine, and succinate buffers (at 20 mM). This assessed the impact of the buffer system and pH in the range of 5.2–6.0 on PF-06439535 in the absence of other stabilizing excipients. Additionally, development formulation stability studies compared PF-06439535 in the RP buffer system (phosphate buffer at pH 6.2 with trehalose and polysorbate 20) with buffer systems at lower pH values (pH 5.5 and 5.8).
Formulations were created by buffer exchanging the starting material (1.0 mL of PF-06439535) using 0.5–3 mL Slide-A-Lyzer cassettes (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) into the proper buffers/pH. After dialysis, the protein concentration was verified, followed by sterile filtration, and filled into vials to be stored in designated storage conditions.
The excipients used in buffer preparation were analytical grade sourced from various reputable vendors in the United States (US). The formulations were stored at 40 °C for up to 12 weeks to determine the optimal buffer and pH under stressed conditions.
Ingram R.L, & Weiser S.E. (2023). Development of the Drug Product Formulation of the Bevacizumab Biosimilar PF-06439535 (Bevacizumab-bvzr). Drugs in R&D, 23(1), 55-64.
Publication 2023
Acetate Buffers Dialysis Excipients Filtration Histidine Pharmaceutical Preparations Phosphates Polysorbate 20 Proteins Sterility, Reproductive Stress Disorders, Traumatic Succinate Trehalose
4
Formulation of Protein-Based Therapeutics
Materials consisted of L-leucine with a purity exceeding 98.5% (Cat. No. 208306, J.T. Baker, Phillipsburg, NJ, USA), trehalose dihydrate (Cat. No. T-104-4x, Pfanstiehl, Waukegan, IL, USA), D-Mannitol (Cat. No. 1.00419, Millipore Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA), and moxidectin (Cat. No. 319514, MedKoo Biosciences, Morrisville, NC, USA). Bevacizumab was obtained as a sterile aqueous solution in 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.2) with 30 mg/mL bevacizumab, 60 mg/mL trehalose, and 0.04% w/w polysorbate 20.
Ordoubadi M., Shepard K.B., Wang H., Wang Z., Pluntze A.M., Churchman J.P, & Vehring R. (2023). On the Physical Stability of Leucine-Containing Spray-Dried Powders for Respiratory Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics, 15(2), 435.
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Publication 2023
Bevacizumab Buffers Leucine Mannitol moxidectin Phosphates Polysorbate 20 Sterility, Reproductive Trehalose
5
In Vitro Release Kinetics of Lysozyme-loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles
The dialysis bag (MWCO: 12–14 kDa) was used as the release barrier. The isotonic nanosuspension of LZ–CSNPs and LZ–AqS (control) were subjected to in vitro release study using STF as a release medium. The 6.8 g of NaCl, 2.2 g of NaHCO3, 1.4 g of KCl, and 0.08 g of CaCl2.2H2O were dissolved in 1000 mL purified water to prepare the STF (pH 7.4). An equivalent volume of nanosuspension of LZ–CSNPs and LZ–AqS (containing 1000 µg of LZ) was filled into the pre–activated dialysis bags and the ends of the bags were closed using closures. The dialysis bags were put into beakers containing STF (50 mL each). The set-ups were placed in a shaking (100 rpm) water bath maintained at 35 ± 1 °C. At fixed time intervals, 1 mL of each sample was collected from each beaker, and after sampling equal volume of fresh STF was added to each beaker. The collected samples were centrifuged and 20 µL of the supernatant was injected into the HPLC–UV system to determine the drug concentration. The LZ–AqS was formulated by suspending LZ (10 mg) in 10 mL of 0.25% (w/v) Polysorbate–20 aqueous solution [38 (link),39 ]. The experiment was executed three times for each LZ–formulations. The cumulative amount of drug released (DR%) was calculated by the following expression Equation (3).
DR%=Conc.(µg/mL)×DF×Volume of release medium (mL)Initial quantity of LZ used for the experiment (µg)×100
where “DF” is the dilution factor. The release data were fitted to different kinetic models “(Zero–order, First–order, Higuchi–Matrix Square–Root, Hixson–Crowell Cube–Root, and Korsmeyer–Peppas)”. The best–fitted kinetic model for LZ release from CSNPs was categorized based on the highest value of the coefficient of correlation (R2). From the slopes and intercepts of the different release plots, the release exponent (n-value) was calculated [40 (link)]. The n-value would suggest the mechanism of LZ release from CSNPs [13 (link),41 ,42 (link)].
Alkholief M., Kalam M.A., Alshememry A.K., Ali R., Alhudaithi S.S., Alsaleh N.B., Raish M, & Alshamsan A. (2023). Topical Application of Linezolid–Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Eye Infections. Nanomaterials, 13(4), 681.
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Publication 2023
Bath Bicarbonate, Sodium Dialysis High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Kinetics Pharmaceutical Preparations Plant Roots Polysorbate 20 Sodium Chloride Specimen Collection Technique, Dilution

Top products related to «Polysorbate 20»

1
Polysorbate 20 by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany
Polysorbate 20 is a non-ionic surfactant commonly used in laboratory applications. It functions as a wetting agent, emulsifier, and solubilizer, helping to disperse and stabilize various compounds in aqueous solutions.
2
Polysorbate 20 tween 20 by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States
Polysorbate 20, also known as Tween 20, is a non-ionic surfactant commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is a polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, which functions as a dispersing agent, emulsifier, and solubilizer in various applications.
3
Tween 20 by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, France, China, Spain, Australia, Japan, India, Poland, Sao Tome and Principe, Switzerland, Macao, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Israel, Mexico, Netherlands, Singapore, Austria, Ireland, Sweden, Argentina, Romania
Tween 20 is a non-ionic detergent commonly used in biochemical applications. It is a polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, a surfactant that can be used to solubilize and stabilize proteins and other biomolecules. Tween 20 is widely used in various laboratory techniques, such as Western blotting, ELISA, and immunoprecipitation, to prevent non-specific binding and improve the efficiency of these assays.
4
Polysorbate 20 by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, Germany
Polysorbate 20 is a non-ionic surfactant commonly used in laboratory applications. It functions as a wetting agent, emulsifier, and dispersant to improve the solubility and stability of various compounds in aqueous solutions.
5
Vitronectin by US Biological
Vitronectin is a glycoprotein found in the extracellular matrix and plasma. It plays a role in cell adhesion, migration, and survival.
6
Bovine serum albumin (bsa) by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Italy, Japan, France, Sao Tome and Principe, Canada, Macao, Spain, Switzerland, Australia, India, Israel, Belgium, Poland, Sweden, Denmark, Ireland, Hungary, Netherlands, Czechia, Brazil, Austria, Singapore, Portugal, Panama, Chile, Senegal, Morocco, Slovenia, New Zealand, Finland, Thailand, Uruguay, Argentina, Saudi Arabia, Romania, Greece, Mexico
Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is a common laboratory reagent derived from bovine blood plasma. It is a protein that serves as a stabilizer and blocking agent in various biochemical and immunological applications. BSA is widely used to maintain the activity and solubility of enzymes, proteins, and other biomolecules in experimental settings.
7
Polysorp by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States
POLYSORP™ is a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) column designed for the analysis and separation of a wide range of polar and non-polar compounds. It features a spherical silica-based stationary phase with a controlled pore size and surface area, providing efficient and reproducible separations.
8
Pvdf membrane by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, China, United Kingdom, Morocco, Ireland, France, Italy, Japan, Canada, Spain, Switzerland, New Zealand, India, Hong Kong, Sao Tome and Principe, Sweden, Netherlands, Australia, Belgium, Austria
PVDF membranes are a type of laboratory equipment used for a variety of applications. They are made from polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), a durable and chemically resistant material. PVDF membranes are known for their high mechanical strength, thermal stability, and resistance to a wide range of chemicals. They are commonly used in various filtration, separation, and analysis processes in scientific and research settings.
9
Biacore t200 by GE Healthcare
Sourced in United States, Sweden, United Kingdom, Australia, Germany, Georgia, France, Japan, New Zealand
The Biacore T200 is a label-free, real-time interaction analysis system designed for studying molecular interactions. It provides quantitative data on binding kinetics, affinity, and specificity between molecules. The system utilizes surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology to detect and measure these interactions without the need for labeling.
10
Sodium hydroxide (naoh) by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, India, United Kingdom, Italy, China, Spain, France, Australia, Canada, Poland, Switzerland, Singapore, Belgium, Sao Tome and Principe, Ireland, Sweden, Brazil, Israel, Mexico, Macao, Chile, Japan, Hungary, Malaysia, Denmark, Portugal, Indonesia, Netherlands, Czechia, Finland, Austria, Romania, Pakistan, Cameroon, Egypt, Greece, Bulgaria, Norway, Colombia, New Zealand, Lithuania
Sodium hydroxide is a chemical compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white, odorless, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water and is a strong base. It is commonly used in various laboratory applications as a reagent.

More about "Polysorbate 20"

Polysorbate 20, also known as Tween 20, is a widely used nonionic surfactant and emulsifier in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries.
It is a polyethoxylated sorbitan ester derived from polyethylene glycol and oleic acid.
Polysorbate 20 is prized for its ability to solubilize and stabilize various compounds, making it a valuable ingredient in a range of products, from topical creams to drug formulations.
Its versatility and effectiveness have made it a common component in many formulations, contributing to its widespread use and importance in scientific research and development.
Polysorbate 20 is often used as a stabilizer for proteins like bovine serum albumin (BSA) and vitronectin, and can also be found in PVDF membranes and Biacore T200 systems.
It is known for its compatibility with a variety of materials, including POLYSORP™ plates, and can be used to improve the solubility and dispersion of compounds in aqueous solutions.
The use of Polysorbate 20 is not without its challenges, however.
Researchers must be mindful of the potential for contamination and potential interactions with other ingredients.
Careful optimization of Polysorbate 20 concentrations and formulations is often required to achieve the desired results.
Overall, Polysorbate 20 is a versatile and important ingredient in many scientific and industrial applications.
Understanding its properties, uses, and limitations is crucial for researchers and formulators working with a wide range of compounds and products.