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Propane
Propane
Propane is a colorless, odorless, flammable gas that is widely used as a fuel and chemical feedstock.
It is a liquefied petroleum gas derived from natural gas processing and oil refining.
Propane has a wide range of applications, including residential and commercial heating, powering appliances, and as a transportation fuel.
It is also an important raw material for the production of various chemicals and plastics.
Propane's physical and chemical properties make it a verastile and efficient energy source, contributing to its widespread use in numerous industries and everyday life.
However, proper handling and safety precautions are crucial when working with this highly flammable gas.
It is a liquefied petroleum gas derived from natural gas processing and oil refining.
Propane has a wide range of applications, including residential and commercial heating, powering appliances, and as a transportation fuel.
It is also an important raw material for the production of various chemicals and plastics.
Propane's physical and chemical properties make it a verastile and efficient energy source, contributing to its widespread use in numerous industries and everyday life.
However, proper handling and safety precautions are crucial when working with this highly flammable gas.
Most cited protocols related to «Propane»
Acid Hybridizations, Nucleic
Acrylamide
Antibodies
Buffers
Equus asinus
Immunoglobulins
Immunoglobulins, Fab
Nitrogen
paraform
PEGDMA Hydrogel
Phosphates
Propane
RBBP8 protein, human
Serum
Sodium Azide
Tissues
The experimental BCL-6 protein conformation from the BCL-6∶SMRT complex [33] (link) [PDB ID 1R2B] was used to seed all SILCS MD simulations. The Reduce software [40] (link) was used to place missing hydrogen positions and to choose optimal Asn and Gln sidechain amide and His sidechain ring orientations. Propane and benzene molecules were placed on a square grid, with the identity of the molecule at each grid point randomly determined. Ten such grids were generated with the grid spacing selected to yield a concentration of ∼1 M propane and ∼1 M benzene when combined with a box of water molecules at the experimental density of water. Ten protein+small molecule+water systems were generated by overlaying the coordinates of the BCL-6 protein and water molecules from the BCL-6∶SMRT co-crystal structure with each of the ten different solutions, removing all water, propane, and benzene molecules that overlapped the protein, and replacing two random water molecules with chloride ions to give a net neutral system charge. The final systems were rectangular boxes of size 72×58×43 Å to accommodate the protein with maximum dimensions of 64×48×35 Å.
Harmonic positional restraints with a force constant of 1 kcal*mol−1*Å−2 were placed on all protein atoms and the system was minimized for 500 steps with the steepest descent algorithm [41] (link) under periodic boundary conditions [37] . Molecular dynamics simulations were performed on each minimized system using the “leap frog” version of the Verlet integrator [37] with a 2-fs timestep to propagate the system. The SHAKE algorithm [42] was applied to constrain bonds to hydrogen atoms to their equilibrium lengths and maintain rigid water geometries, long-range electrostatic interactions were handled with the particle-mesh Ewald method [43] with a real-space cutoff of 8 Å, a switching function [38] was applied to Lennard-Jones interactions in the range of 5 to 8 Å, and a long-range isotropic correction [37] was applied to the pressure for Lennard-Jones interactions beyond the 8 Å cutoff length. With the positional restraints still in place, the system was heated to 298 K over 20 ps by periodic reassignment of velocities [44] , followed by 20 ps of equilibration at 298 K, also using velocity reassignment. After the heating and equilibration periods, the positional restraints were replaced by restraints on only protein backbone Cα positions with a very weak force constant of 0.01 kcal*mol−1*Å−2 so as to prevent rotation of the protein in the rectangular simulation box. Each system was subsequently simulated for 5 ns at 298 K and 1 atm, with the Nosé-Hoover thermostat [45] ,[46] and the Langevin piston barostat [47] , for a total of 50 ns of simulation time. All simulations were done with the CHARMM molecular simulation software [48] , the CHARMM protein force field [49] (link) with CMAP backbone correction [50] (link), and the TIP3P water model [51] modified for the CHARMM force field [52] .
Harmonic positional restraints with a force constant of 1 kcal*mol−1*Å−2 were placed on all protein atoms and the system was minimized for 500 steps with the steepest descent algorithm [41] (link) under periodic boundary conditions [37] . Molecular dynamics simulations were performed on each minimized system using the “leap frog” version of the Verlet integrator [37] with a 2-fs timestep to propagate the system. The SHAKE algorithm [42] was applied to constrain bonds to hydrogen atoms to their equilibrium lengths and maintain rigid water geometries, long-range electrostatic interactions were handled with the particle-mesh Ewald method [43] with a real-space cutoff of 8 Å, a switching function [38] was applied to Lennard-Jones interactions in the range of 5 to 8 Å, and a long-range isotropic correction [37] was applied to the pressure for Lennard-Jones interactions beyond the 8 Å cutoff length. With the positional restraints still in place, the system was heated to 298 K over 20 ps by periodic reassignment of velocities [44] , followed by 20 ps of equilibration at 298 K, also using velocity reassignment. After the heating and equilibration periods, the positional restraints were replaced by restraints on only protein backbone Cα positions with a very weak force constant of 0.01 kcal*mol−1*Å−2 so as to prevent rotation of the protein in the rectangular simulation box. Each system was subsequently simulated for 5 ns at 298 K and 1 atm, with the Nosé-Hoover thermostat [45] ,[46] and the Langevin piston barostat [47] , for a total of 50 ns of simulation time. All simulations were done with the CHARMM molecular simulation software [48] , the CHARMM protein force field [49] (link) with CMAP backbone correction [50] (link), and the TIP3P water model [51] modified for the CHARMM force field [52] .
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Amides
BCL6 protein, human
Benzene
Chlorides
Debility
Electrostatics
Familial Mediterranean Fever
Hydrogen
Hydrogen Bonds
Ions
Mental Orientation
Molecular Structure
Muscle Rigidity
NCOR2 protein, human
Nuclear Receptor Co-Repressor 2
Pressure
Propane
Proteins
Rana
Tremor
Vertebral Column
1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-phosphatidylethanolamine
Bath
Chlorides
Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
DPPE-PEG2000
Excipients
Glycerin
Head
Isopropyl Alcohol
Lipid A
Lipids
Microbubbles
Molar
Needles
Neoplasm Metastasis
Normal Saline
perfluorobutane
polyethylene glycol 2000
Pressure
Propane
Propylene Glycol
Syringes
Acetaldehyde
Acetate
Ammonium
ammonium acetate
Benzene
Crystallography
Deletion Mutation
Dietary Fiber
Disgust
Epistropheus
Factor Xa
formamide
HIV Protease
Hydrogen
Ions
Ligands
Methanol
methyl acetate
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 14
Propane
Proteins
Radius
Ribonucleases
2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate
2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate
Amines
Benzoate
camphorquinone
Chloride, Ammonium
diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate
ethylmethacrylate
Homozygote
Hypromellose
Oral Cavity
Orbit
Photosensitizing Agents
Propane
Resins, Plant
Sodium Chloride
Ultrasonics
Most recents protocols related to «Propane»
Example 22
To a four-necked flask (1 L volume) equipped with stirring blades, a thermometer, a dropping funnel and a condenser tube, 500 mL of toluene, 30.6 g (0.11 mol) of 4,4′-(propane-2,2-diyl)bis(isocyanate-benzene), and 63.1 mg of p-methoxyphenol were added and dissolved. Next, 14.3 g (0.11 mol) of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate was weighed in a beaker, 150 mL of toluene was added, and the mixture was stirred thoroughly and transferred to a dropping funnel. The four-necked flask was immersed in an oil bath heated to 80° C., and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate was added dropwise with stirring. After completion of the dropwise addition, the reaction was continued while maintaining the temperature of an oil bath for 24 hours, leading to aging. After completion of the aging, the four-necked flask was removed from the oil bath and the reaction product was returned to room temperature, and then HPLC and FT-IR measurements were performed. Analysis conditions of the HPLC measurement are as follows: a column of ZORBAX-ODS, acetonitrile/distilled water of 7/3, a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min, a multi-scanning UV detector, an RI detector and an MS detector. The FT-IR measurement was performed by an ATR method. As a result of the HPLC measurement, the raw materials 4,4′-(propane-2,2-diyl)bis(isocyanate-benzene) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate disappeared and a new peak of 2-(((4-(2-(4-isocyanate-phenyl)propane-2-yl)phenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)ethyl methacrylate (molecular weight 408.45) was confirmed. As a result of FT-IR measurement, a decrease in isocyanate absorption intensity at 2280-2250 cm−1 and a disappearance of hydroxy group absorption near 3300 cm−1 were confirmed, and a new absorption attributed to urethane group at 1250 cm−1 was confirmed. Next, to a toluene solution containing 40.8 g (0.10 mol) of the precursor compound synthesized in the above procedure, 22.2 g (0.10 mol) of 3-(triethoxysilyl)propan-1-ol was added dropwise with stirring. The reaction was performed with the immersion in an oil bath heated to 80° C. in the same way as in the first step. After completion of the dropwise addition, the reaction was continued for 24 hours, leading to aging. After completion of the aging, HPLC and FT-IR measurements were performed. As a result of the HPLC measurement, the peaks of the raw materials 2-(((4-(2-(4-isocyanate-phenyl)propane-2-yl)phenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)ethyl methacrylate and 3-(triethoxysilyl)propan-1-ol disappeared and 2-(((4-(2-(4-(((3-(triethoxysilyl)propoxy)carbonyl)amino)phenyl)propan-2-yl)phenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)ethyl methacrylate (molecular weight 630.81) was confirmed. As a result of FT-IR measurement, a disappearance of isocyanate absorption at 2280-2250 cm−1 and a disappearance of hydroxy group absorption near 3300 cm−1 were confirmed. The chemical structure formula of the compound synthesized in this synthetic example are described below.
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2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate
acetonitrile
Anabolism
Bath
Benzene
ethylmethacrylate
High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies
Isocyanates
Propane
Silanes
Submersion
Thermometers
Toluene
Urethane
Example 108
A solution of Pd(OAc)2 (1.9 mg, 8.55 μmol), 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane (7.1 mg, 0.02 mmol), TEA (60 μL, 0.43 mmol), rel-(1R,2R,3S)-3-(5-bromo-6-methoxy-2H-indazol-2-yl)-2-methylcyclohexan-1-ol—Isomer 1 (25 mg, 0.04 mmol) and imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazin-3-amine (17.2 mg, 0.13 mmol) in MeCN (8 mL) was stirred under an atmosphere of carbon monoxide at 15 atm and 100° C. for 15 h. The mixture was cooled to rt and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by C18-flash chromatography (eluting with 0 to 100% MeCN in water (0.1% NH4OH) and further by prep. HPLC (YMC-Actus Triart C18 ExRS, 30 mm×150 mm, 5 μm; elution gradient: 12-45% MeCN in water (10 mM NH4HCO3+0.1% NH4OH); 60 mL/min) to afford rel-2-((1S,2R,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-methylcyclohexyl)-N-(imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazin-3-yl)-6-methoxy-2H-indazole-5-carboxamide—Isomer 1 (2.9 mg, 16%) as a pale yellow solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.05 (s, 1H), 8.64 (dd, 1H), 8.57 (s, 2H), 8.15 (dd, 1H), 8.05 (s, 1H), 7.28 (s, 1H), 7.22 (dd, 1H), 4.80 (d, 1H), 4.22-4.08 (m, 4H), 3.28-3.14 (m, 1H), 2.08-1.86 (m, 4H), 1.83-1.74 (m, 1H), 1.52-1.27 (m, 2H), 0.63 (d, 3H). MS ESI, m/z=421 [M+H]+.
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1H NMR
Amines
Atmosphere
Chromatography
High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies
Indazoles
inhibitors
IRAK4 protein, human
Isomerism
Monoxide, Carbon
Pressure
Propane
Sulfoxide, Dimethyl
Example 71
A vessel was charged with N-[2,6-difluoro-3-[1-(oxan-2-yl)-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3-carbonyl]phenyl]propane-1-sulfonamide (88.0 mg, 0.149 mmol), 5-bromo-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine (37.2 mg, 0.164 mmol), potassium fluoride (26.0 mg, 0.447 mmol), bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride (5.23 mg, 0.00745 mmol) and 0.5 mL 1,4-dioxane/water (4+1). The vessel was evacuated and filled with argon (3×) and heated to 60° C. for 2 h. The reaction was acidified with conc. HCl (0.3 mL), diluted with MeOH (0.2 mL) and heated to 60° C. overnight. After cooling, the reaction was diluted with EtOAc and water. The organic phase was evaporated and the product was purified by flash chromatography (DCM/EtOAc gradient, from 5% to 35% EtOAc) N-[2,6-difluoro-3-[5-[2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-5-yl]-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3-carbonyl]phenyl]propane-1-sulfonamide (42.0 mg, 0.0798 mmol, 54% yield).
Analytical Data:
TLC-MS (ESI−): m/z=505.1, 525.1 [M−H]−
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Anabolism
Argon
Blood Vessel
Chromatography
Dioxanes
Palladium
potassium fluoride
Propane
pyridine
Pyrimidines
Sulfonamides
triphenylphosphine
Example 74
To a solution of compound 79-1 (50 mg, 0.15 mmol, 1 eq) and propane-2-sulfonamide (29.2 mg, 0.23 mmol, 1.5 eq) in DCM (2 mL) was added EDCI (45.4 mg, 0.23 mmol, 1.5 eq) and DMAP (48.2 mg, 0.39 mmol, 2.5 eq). The mixture was stirred at 19° C. for 1 hr. LCMS showed the starting material was consumed. H2O (10 mL) was added to the solution. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (10 mL*3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (12 mL*2), dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC. The title compound (12.3 mg, 29.2 umol, 18.4% yield) was obtained as a white solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.28-12.20 (m, 1H), 8.75 (s, 1H), 8.20 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.98-7.92 (m, 3H), 7.86 (s, 1H), 7.75 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 3H), 7.69-7.65 (m, 1H), 3.92-3.83 (m, 1H), 1.35 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H).
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1H NMR
brine
ethyl acetate
High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies
Lincomycin
Propane
Sulfonamides
Sulfoxide, Dimethyl
Vacuum
Example 72
A vessel was charged with N-[2,6-difluoro-3-[1-(oxan-2-yl)-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3-carbonyl]phenyl]propane-1-sulfonamide (80.0 mg, 0.135 mmol), 1-bromo-4-chloro-2-methylbenzene (18.0 μL, 0.135 mmol), potassium fluoride (23.6 mg, 0.406 mmol), bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride (4.76 mg, 0.00677 mmol) and 0.5 mL 1,4-dioxane/water (4+1). The vessel was evacuated and filled with argon (3×) and heated to 60° C. for 1 h. The reaction was acidified with conc. HCl (0.2 mL), diluted with MeOH (0.2 mL) and heated to 60° C. overnight. After cooling, the reaction was diluted with EtOAc and water. The organic phase was evaporated and the product was purified by flash chromatography (DCM/EtOAc gradient, 0%-40% EtOAc) to yield N-[3-[5-(4-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3-carbonyl]-2,6-difluorophenyl]propane-1-sulfonamide (32.0 mg, 0.0608 mmol, 45% yield).
Analytical Data:
TLC-MS (ESI−): m/z=483.3, 503.3 [M−H]−
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Anabolism
Argon
Blood Vessel
Chromatography
Dioxanes
Palladium
potassium fluoride
Propane
pyridine
Sulfonamides
Toluene
triphenylphosphine
Top products related to «Propane»
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The Vitrobot Mark IV is a cryo-electron microscopy sample preparation instrument designed to produce high-quality vitrified specimens for analysis. It automates the process of blotting and plunge-freezing samples in liquid ethane, ensuring consistent and reproducible sample preparation.
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DMSO is a versatile organic solvent commonly used in laboratory settings. It has a high boiling point, low viscosity, and the ability to dissolve a wide range of polar and non-polar compounds. DMSO's core function is as a solvent, allowing for the effective dissolution and handling of various chemical substances during research and experimentation.
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1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP) is a cationic lipid used in the formulation of liposomes and lipoplexes for various research applications. It is a synthetic lipid with a positively charged headgroup and two unsaturated fatty acid chains. DOTAP can be used to facilitate the delivery of nucleic acids, such as plasmid DNA, RNA, or small interfering RNA (siRNA), into cells.
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DOTAP is a cationic lipid commonly used in the formulation of liposomes and other lipid-based delivery systems. It is designed to facilitate the delivery of various payloads, including nucleic acids, proteins, and small molecules, to target cells or tissues.
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Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.
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Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is a common laboratory reagent derived from bovine blood plasma. It is a protein that serves as a stabilizer and blocking agent in various biochemical and immunological applications. BSA is widely used to maintain the activity and solubility of enzymes, proteins, and other biomolecules in experimental settings.
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Thiobarbituric acid is a chemical compound used in various laboratory applications. It is a white to pale yellow crystalline solid that is soluble in water and organic solvents. Thiobarbituric acid is commonly used as a reagent in analytical techniques to detect the presence of certain compounds, particularly those related to lipid peroxidation.
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Chloroform is a colorless, volatile liquid with a characteristic sweet odor. It is a commonly used solvent in a variety of laboratory applications, including extraction, purification, and sample preparation processes. Chloroform has a high density and is immiscible with water, making it a useful solvent for a range of organic compounds.
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1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane is a synthetic lipid compound commonly used in laboratory research. It is a cationic lipid that can be used for the formulation of liposomes and lipoplexes for the delivery of nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA. The core function of this compound is to facilitate the encapsulation and transfection of genetic material into cells.
More about "Propane"
Propane is a widely used, versatile, and efficient energy source that has a wide range of applications in various industries.
As a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) derived from natural gas processing and oil refining, propane is a colorless, odorless, and highly flammable gas with a broad range of uses.
Propane is commonly used for residential and commercial heating, powering appliances, and as a transportation fuel.
It is also an important raw material for the production of various chemicals and plastics, such as those used in the Vitrobot Mark IV, a tool used in cryo-electron microscopy.
Additionally, propane can be used as a solvent, like DMSO, which is commonly used in biological research.
The chemical properties of propane, including its low boiling point and high energy density, make it a versatile and efficient energy source.
This is particularly evident in its use as a fuel for heating and cooking, as well as its role in the production of other important chemicals and materials, such as cholesterol and 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP), a cationic lipid used in liposome formation and transfection experiments.
Proper handling and safety precautions are crucial when working with propane, as it is a highly flammable gas.
This includes considerations around storage, transportation, and use, similar to the precautions taken with other hazardous materials like chloroform and thiobarbituric acid.
Overall, propane's widespread use and versatility make it an important energy source and industrial feedstock, with applications ranging from residential and commercial use to the production of specialized chemicals and materials used in various fields, including biotechnology and materials science.
As a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) derived from natural gas processing and oil refining, propane is a colorless, odorless, and highly flammable gas with a broad range of uses.
Propane is commonly used for residential and commercial heating, powering appliances, and as a transportation fuel.
It is also an important raw material for the production of various chemicals and plastics, such as those used in the Vitrobot Mark IV, a tool used in cryo-electron microscopy.
Additionally, propane can be used as a solvent, like DMSO, which is commonly used in biological research.
The chemical properties of propane, including its low boiling point and high energy density, make it a versatile and efficient energy source.
This is particularly evident in its use as a fuel for heating and cooking, as well as its role in the production of other important chemicals and materials, such as cholesterol and 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP), a cationic lipid used in liposome formation and transfection experiments.
Proper handling and safety precautions are crucial when working with propane, as it is a highly flammable gas.
This includes considerations around storage, transportation, and use, similar to the precautions taken with other hazardous materials like chloroform and thiobarbituric acid.
Overall, propane's widespread use and versatility make it an important energy source and industrial feedstock, with applications ranging from residential and commercial use to the production of specialized chemicals and materials used in various fields, including biotechnology and materials science.