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Propidium Iodide
It is membrane-impermeant and can only enter cells with compromised membranes, making it a useful marker for late apoptotic and necrotic cells.
Propidium iodide has applications in research, clinical diagnostics, and drug discovery, enabling the quantification of cell death and the evaluation of cell health.
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Example 10
Binding of MSLN-BiTE to membrane-bound target expressed in cells was determined with an on-cell affinity assay. 3×104 cells per well of a microtiter plate were incubated with MSLN-BiTE protein in a dose response for 16-22 h at 4° C. Cells were washed twice with flow buffer (PBS that contained 2% fetal calf serum and 0.01% sodium azide), and then resuspended in flow buffer and incubated with an anti-His Fab labeled with Alexa Fluor-647 for 50 minutes at 4° C. Cells were fixed after incubation to optimize detection of the fluorescent signal. Cells were then washed twice and resuspended in flow buffer that contained propidium iodide at 1 ug/ml. Cells were analyzed by flow cytometry for live cells that were positive for Alexa Fluor-647. EC50 values were determined from the dose response curve of Alexa Fluor-647 positive cells.
Example 3
After HEK293 cells were transfected with hAQP4-plasmid DNA for 24 hours, the cells were incubated with NMO-IgG or A002, or with normal human serum (1:20) or anti-beta actin mouse mAb with 5% human complement for 90 min at 37° C. After washed by 1X PBS, cells were incubated with 10 nM Calcein-AM for 15 min at 37° C. Then cells were incubated with 10 μM Propidium Iodide for 15 min at 37° C. after washed. After washed, cells were incubated with 4% formaldehyde for 10 min at room temperature. The images were obtained by microscopy and the results were shown in
Example 16
The binding of bipartite (FAP-CD3) engager molecules to T cells will be assessed. Briefly, 25,000 T cells are stimulated with 200 U/mL IL-2 for 12 days. After 12 days, T cell are incubated with varying concentrations of engager molecules (500, 1000, or 2000 ng/mL) for 20 minutes at room temperature in triplicate. Cells are then washed twice, followed by staining with an anti-6×His APC antibody at 500 ng/mL for an additional 20 minutes. Cells are washed again and treated with propidium iodide (PI) to exclude dead cells from further analysis. Stained cells are analyzed by flow cytometry on a BD LSR Fortesa cytometer and the percentage of the cell population positive for staining was set at 2% of the secondary only control.
Assessment of binding of bipartite (FAP-CD3) engager molecules to tumor cells. Briefly, HEK293 stably overexpressing FAB or negative control cells (HEK293) are treated with 500 or 1000 ng/mL of either (i) His-tagged soluble FAP or (ii) His-tagged Fc negative control protein. Cells are stained with a fluorescently labelled anti-His antibody and analyze by flow cytometry.
Example 5
Throughout the specification, and in particular the examples, the terms “2X” and “3X” in reference to the anti-MSLN antibodies are used. These terms refer to substitutions in the Fc region that result in enhanced ADCC through increased binding affinity to the Fc receptor. The “2X” molecule has the following substitutions: S239D/I332E and the “3X” molecule has the following mutations: S239D/I332E/A330L.
Example 12
Cytoxicity assays for the MSLN-BiTE molecules were performed generally as described above in Example 5, except that pan-T cells were used as effector cells. BiTE proteins were incubated with MSLN-expressing tumor cells OVCAR-8 at 2500 cells per well of a microtiter plate, and unstimulated pan-T cells (source: ALL CELLS) in a 10:1 effector to target cells ratio, for 48 h at 37° C., 5% CO2. Cells were then stained with 10 uM Hoechst 33342 to visualize the cell nuclei, and 2 uM propidium iodide to specifically label the nuclei of dead cells. After incubation with the DNA stains for 90 min at 37° C., 5% CO2, the microplate wells were scanned by high content imaging (ArrayScan) to capture images of the cells. Percent specific cytotoxicity was calculated using the formula: [1−live target cell count (+BiTE)/live target cell count (−BiTE)]×100. Results are summarized in
Example 4
HEK293-hAQP4-GFP and LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 were co-cultured with CD4 antibody, commercial AQP4 antibody, A002 antibody (ten-fold serial dilution) or culture medium only at 37° C. and 5% CO 2 for 6 hours. Cells were stain with Fixable Far Red-labeled anti-amine, PE-labeled anti-mouse CD11 b then analyzed the % of amine in CD11b-/GFP+ cells. Cell death(%) increased in ADCC=(% cell death in presence of IgG-% cell death in absence of IgG)/(% Cell death in maximum lysis-% cell death in absence of IgG)×100. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity Assay (ADCC) of A002 antibody by immunofluorescent stain. HEK293-hAQP4-GFP and LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 were co-cultured with CD4 antibody, commercial AQP4 antibody, A002 antibody (ten-fold serial dilution) or culture medium only at 37° C. and 5% CO2 for 6 hours. Then cells were stain with Propidium Iodide (PI). Histograms show quantification of Propidium Iodide (PI) of cells co-cultured with CD4 antibody, commercial AQP4 antibody or A002 antibody (ten-fold serial dilution) (
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More about "Propidium Iodide"
As a DNA-binding agent, PI is a crucial tool for detecting cell death and assessing cell viability.
Its membrane-impermeant property ensures that it only enters cells with compromised membranes, making it an effective marker for late apoptotic and necrotic cells.
PI has a wide range of applications in research, clinical diagnostics, and drug discovery.
It enables the quantification of cell death and the evaluation of cell health, supporting advancements in fields such as cell biology, immunology, and cancer research.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven optimized protocols can help researchers locate the most reproducible and accurate PI-related studies from literature, preprints, and patents.
This allows users to identify the best products and protocols for their specific needs, streamlining their research process and ensuring reliable results.
In addition to PI, related tools like the FACSCalibur flow cytometer, CellQuest software, RNase A, FACSCanto II, FACScan, and FITC Annexin V Apoptosis Detection Kit can also be leveraged to complement PI-based investigations.
These integrated solutions provide a comprehensive toolkit for researchers to explore cell health, death, and apoptosis with precision and confidence.
By utilizing PubCompare.ai's AI-powered insights and optimized protocols, researchers can trust in the seamless, data-driven approach to advance their studies on Propidium iodide and related topics.