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Propyl Gallate

Propyl Gallate: A versatile antioxidant compound with a wide range of applications.
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Most cited protocols related to «Propyl Gallate»

1
Multiplex Immunofluorescent Staining in Tissue Sections
Cited 15 times
Tissues were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, dehydrated into methanol, infiltrated with paraffin, and cut into 5 μm sections. Sections were deparaffinized in xylene, hydrated, and boiled in 10 mM sodium citrate (pH 6.0) for 20 min. Tissues were washed with a solution containing 25 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 140 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM KCl, and 0.1% Tween-20 (TBSTw) and non-specific binding sites were blocked for 1 hr in TBSTw containing 1% Blocking Reagent (Roche Diagnostics), 5% normal goat sera, and 1% bovine serum albumin fraction 5 (RGBTw). Tissues were incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibodies diluted in RGBTw as follows: 1:250 rabbit anti-AR (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA), 1:250 rabbit anti-CDH1 (Cell Signaling Technologies, Beverly MA), 1:50 mouse anti-KRT14 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham MA), 1:250 mouse anti-TRP63 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology). After several washes with TBSTw, tissues were incubated for 1 hr with RGBT containing 1:250 diluted fluorescent secondary antibodies (Dylight 488- and 405- conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG, Dylight 546-counjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG, Jackson Immunoresearch (West Grove, PA). For sections that were stained with two primary antibodies from the same host species, unlabeled secondary antibodies (goat anti-mouse or goat anti-rabbit IgG, Jackson Immunoresearch) were used to block antigenic sites prior to introducing the second primary antibody. Labeled tissue sections were counterstained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dilactate and mounted in anti-fade media (phosphate-buffered saline containing 80% glycerol and 0.2% n-propyl gallate). Immunofluorescent staining of ISH-stained sections. ISH stained tissue sections were fixed overnight in 4% PFA and bleached with TBSTw containing 6% hydrogen peroxide. Tissues were blocked for 1 h in RGBTw and then incubated overnight at 4°C in RGBTw containing rabbit anti-CDH1 (1:500, Cell Signaling Technologies) and mouse anti-ACTA2 (1:300, Leica Microsystems, Bannockburn, IL). Tissues were stained with secondary antibodies (1:500 Dylight 488-goat anti-mouse IgG, 1:500 Dylight 546- counjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG, Jackson Immunoresearch) and mounted in anti-fade media. Brightfield and fluorescent images were captured using an Eclipse E600 compound microscope (Nikon Instruments Inc., Melville, NY) and merged using NIS elements imaging software (Nikon Instruments Inc.)
Abler L.L., Keil K.P., Mehta V., Joshi P.S., Schmitz C.T, & Vezina C.M. (2011). A High Resolution Molecular Atlas of the Fetal Mouse Lower Urogenital Tract. Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists, 240(10), 2364-2377.
Publication 2011
ACTA2 protein, human anti-IgG Antibodies Antigens Binding Sites CDH1 protein, human Diagnosis E-600 Fluorescent Antibody Technique Glycerin Goat Host Specificity Immunoglobulins KRT14 protein, human Light Microscopy Methanol Mus Paraffin paraform Peroxide, Hydrogen Phosphates Propyl Gallate Rabbits Saline Solution Serum Serum Albumin, Bovine Sodium Chloride Sodium Citrate Tissues Tromethamine Tween 20 Xylene
2
Microtubule Staining in S2 Cells
Cited 12 times
For microtubule staining, S2 cells were rinsed in BRB80 (80 mM Pipes, pH 6.9, 1 mM MgCl2, 1 mM EGTA) and fixed in the same buffer containing 0.5% glutaraldehyde (EM Sciences), 3% formaldehyde (EM Sciences), and 1 mg/ml saponin for 10 min. The cells were then permeabilized in PBS containing 0.5% SDS, treated with sodium borohydride, and blocked with 5% normal goat serum in PBS/0.1% Triton X-100. In experiments examining the localization of Dm EB1, cells were fixed for 10 min by immersion in a solution of 90% methanol, 3% formaldehyde, 5 mM sodium carbonate (pH 9) chilled to −80°C. Samples were then rehydrated into PBS/0.1% Triton X-100 and blocked as above. All antibodies were diluted into 5% normal goat serum in PBS/Triton (DM1α, 1:500; rabbit anti-EB1, 1:1,000) and applied to the fixed cells for 1 h followed by extensive washing with PBS/Triton X-100. Fluorescent secondary antibodies (Cy2-conjugated anti–rabbit and rhodamine-X–conjugated anti–mouse; Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories) were used at a final dilution of 1:300. After antibody staining, cells were treated with DAPI (0.5 μg/ml in PBS) for 10 min, briefly rinsed with distilled water, and mounted in 90% glycerol, 10% 0.1 M borate, pH 9.0, plus 5% n-propyl gallate. Specimens were imaged by confocal microscopy (TCS; Leica) and presented as maximum intensity projections.
Rogers S.L., Rogers G.C., Sharp D.J, & Vale R.D. (2002). Drosophila EB1 is important for proper assembly, dynamics, and positioning of the mitotic spindle. The Journal of Cell Biology, 158(5), 873-884.
Publication 2002
Antibodies Borates Buffers Cells DAPI Egtazic Acid Fluorescent Antibody Technique Formaldehyde Glutaral Glycerin Goat Immunoglobulins Magnesium Chloride Methanol Microscopy, Confocal Microtubules Mus piperazine-N,N'-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid) Propyl Gallate Rabbits Rhodamine Saponin Serum sodium borohydride sodium carbonate Submersion Technique, Dilution Triton X-100
3
Live-cell Microscopy of Fission Yeast
Cited 11 times
Cells for microscopy were collected from liquid cultures, centrifuged at 5,000 rpm, and then washed into EMM5S for imaging. Live-cell microscopy was performed using a thin layer of EMM5S liquid medium with 20% gelatin (Sigma-Aldrich) and 0.1 mM n-propyl-gallate and observed at 23–25°C as previously described (Wu et al., 2006 (link); Coffman et al., 2009 (link)). To observe cells at 36°C, cells were spun down for 30 s at 7,000 rpm and placed on EMM5S + 2% agar pads prewarmed for 10 min at 36°C. All slides, coverslips, and cultures were kept at 36°C during preparations of samples to maintain cells at 36°C. An Objective Heater system (Bioptechs) was used to maintain the temperature at 36°C or other temperatures for microscopy of temperature-sensitive mutants. In general, fluorescence intensity was lower at 36°C than at 25°C, making it more difficult to observe nodes in some strains.
For imaging, we used a 100×/1.4 NA objective lens (Nikon) on a spinning-disk confocal microscope (UltraVIEW ERS; PerkinElmer) with a 440-nm solid-state laser, 488-, 514-, and 568-nm argon ion lasers, and a cooled charge-coupled device camera (ORCA-AG; Hamamatsu) with 2 × 2 binning or no binning (for distance measurement). Maximum intensity projections of color images, grayscale montages, and other image analyses were performed using ImageJ (National Institutes of Health). Images in figures are maximum intensity projections of z sections spaced at 0.2–0.8 µm except where noted. For genetic dependencies, the time intervals in time-lapse videos were as follows: 1 min for mYFP-Cdc4 and Rlc1-mYFP; 1.5–2 min for mYFP-Cdc15; and 2 min for Cdc12-3YFP, mYFP-Rng2, YFP-Myo2, and Mid1–monomeric enhanced Citrine (mECitrine).
Laporte D., Coffman V.C., Lee I.J, & Wu J.Q. (2011). Assembly and architecture of precursor nodes during fission yeast cytokinesis. The Journal of Cell Biology, 192(6), 1005-1021.
Publication 2011
Agar Argon Ion Lasers Cells Fluorescence Gelatins Lens, Crystalline Medical Devices Microscopy Microscopy, Confocal Orcinus orca Propyl Gallate Reproduction Strains
4
Seedling Preparation for Microscopy
Cited 9 times
Transfer seedlings to microscopic slides with a jacket containing antifade medium, cover samples with a cover slip and store them in the fridge/cold-room (approximately 5 °C).
Comments To prepare samples for microscopy, they are embedded in commercially available antifade solutions like Fluoromount G (Southern Biotech) or Prolong® Gold reagent (Invitrogen). These solutions satisfactorily protect samples from photo-bleaching. We highly recommend to match as near as possible the refractive index of the mounting medium to the refractive index of the immersion medium used for the microscopical imaging to avoid optical artifacts, strong fluorescence emission and signal loss due to a mismatch. One also can use home-made antifade solutions, containing glycerol (50 %), N-propyl gallate (15 mg/ml) (final concentration) and H2O (50 %). For long term storage of samples addition of 0.1 % sodium azide to the anti-bleaching solution is mandatory. In order not to damage the samples we suggest to mount specimens after immunolocalization on microscopic slides with pre-inserted 120 µm spacer made from TVC isolation tape. The tape is cut in small stripes and pasted on the slide before samples insertion. Appropriate thickness of the jacket avoids tissue pressing and enables to reconstruct 3D images from the organs/seedlings. For Arabidopsis whole mounted seedlings a 100 μm thick spacer is sufficient to keep the original 3D structure.
Pasternak T., Tietz O., Rapp K., Begheldo M., Nitschke R., Ruperti B, & Palme K. (2015). Protocol: an improved and universal procedure for whole-mount immunolocalization in plants. Plant Methods, 11, 50.
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Publication 2015
Arabidopsis Cold Temperature Fluorescence Glycerin Gold Immersion isolation Microscopy Propyl Gallate Seedlings Sodium Azide Tissues Vision
5
Immunofluorescence Imaging of Drosophila Ovaries
Cited 9 times

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Publication 2010
Antibodies beta-Galactosidase Bos taurus Bromodeoxyuridine Caspase 3 Cell Nucleus Cloning Vectors DAPI Densitometry Fluorescence Formaldehyde Glycerin Goat ISWI protein LC28 compound Mice, House Microscopy, Confocal Microscopy, Fluorescence Molecular Probes Ovary Phosphates Pinus Promega Propyl Gallate Rabbits Saline Solution Serum Serum Albumin SMAD3 protein, human Stains Student Triton X-100 Tween 20

Most recents protocols related to «Propyl Gallate»

1
Immunostaining of Microtubules and F-Actin
Immunostaining was performed using procedures described previously (53 (link)). Samples were fixed for 70 min in 100 mM Hepes, pH 6.9, 50 mM EGTA, 10 mM MgSO4, 2% formaldehyde, 0.2% glutaraldehyde, 0.2% Triton X-100, and 400 mM glucose. To reduce autofluorescence, eggs were then rinsed in Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS) and placed in 0.1% NaBH4 in PBS freshly prepared, for 30 min. Eggs were rinsed with PBS and PBT (PBS + 0.1% TritonX) and blocked in PBT supplemented with 5% goat serum and 0.1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) for 30 min. Samples were rinsed with PBT before adding primary antibodies. For microtubule staining, cells were incubated for 48 h at 4 °C with a mouse anti-α-tubulin (DM1A; Sigma-Aldrich) primary antibody at 1:5,000 in PBT, rinsed 3 times in PBT and incubated for 4 h at room temperature with anti-mouse secondary antibody coupled to Dylight 488 (Thermo Fisher Scientific) at 1:1,000 in PBT for 4 to 5 h. To stain F-actin, samples were also incubated together with secondary antibodies in a solution of Rhodamine Phalloidin at 4 U/mL in PBT. Eggs were washed three times in PBT then twice in PBS, transferred in 50% glycerol in PBS, and finally transferred into a mounting medium (90% glycerol and 0.5% N-propyl gallate in PBS).
Najafi J., Dmitrieff S, & Minc N. (2023). Size- and position-dependent cytoplasm viscoelasticity through hydrodynamic interactions with the cell surface. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 120(9), e2216839120.
Publication 2023
alpha-tubulin 4, mouse Antibodies Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic Cells Eggs Egtazic Acid F-Actin Formaldehyde Glucose Glutaral Glycerin Goat HEPES Immunoglobulins Microtubules Mus Phosphates Propyl Gallate rhodamine-phalloidin Saline Solution Serum Serum Albumin, Bovine Stains Sulfate, Magnesium Triton X-100
2
Ovary Dissection and Fixation Protocol
Ovaries from five females were dissected in Robb’s medium (100 mM HEPES pH 7.4; 40 mM potassium acetate; 10 mM glucose; 1 mM CaCl2; 55 mM sodium acetate; 100 mM sucrose; 1.2 mM MgCl2) and ovarioles fixed for 10 min in 100 µl fixation solution (200 mM Cacodylate pH 7.2; 80 mM potassium acetate pH 7.5; 20 mM EGTA; 200 mM sucrose; 20 mM sodium acetate pH 5.2) at room temperature. DNA was counterstained with 100 µl DAPI solution (0.4 µg/ml; Sigma) overnight. The following day, ovarioles were transferred into mounting medium (2.5% propyl gallate w/v; 85.5% glycerol) and mounted onto slides.
Nieken K.J., O’Brien K., McDonnell A., Zhaunova L, & Ohkura H. (2023). A large-scale RNAi screen reveals that mitochondrial function is important for meiotic chromosome organization in oocytes. Chromosoma, 132(1), 1-18.
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Publication 2023
Cacodylate DAPI Egtazic Acid Females Glucose Glycerin HEPES Magnesium Chloride Ovary Potassium Acetate Propyl Gallate Sodium Acetate Sucrose
3
Volatile Compound Analysis in Fish Fillets
Cited 1 time
The volatile compound content was determined in fresh and refrigerated fillets by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). To perform the analysis, 1 g of sample was weighed into a 10 mL screw-capped vial, and 0.5 mL of a 4 mg/L aqueous solution of 4-methyl-2-pentanol (97%, Sigma-Aldrich®, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) was added as internal standard. Subsequently, 0.5 mL of an aqueous antioxidant solution with 4% of EDTA and 0.4% of propyl gallate (both from Sigma-Aldrich®, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), 2 mL of double deionized water, and three glass balls were added. The vial was immediately closed and kept in ice until all sample set was prepared. Then, the mixture was homogenized using an ultrasound bath at 4°C for 10 min. Samples were kept in ice at the dark until the HS-SPME-GC-MS determination was carried out. The instrument consisted of an Agilent 6890N Network GC system with an Agilent 5975C Inert MSD quadrupole mass spectrometer (both from Agilent Technologies Santa Clara, CA, USA) and a PAL autosampler (CTC Analytics, Zwingen, Switzerland) configured to perform SPME. After 10 min of sample conditioning at the extraction temperature (45°C), the fiber of divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (2 cm length, 50/30 thickness) from Supelco® (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) was exposed to the head space for 30 min and desorbed in the injector at 260°C for 10 min. To perform the separation of the different volatile compounds, a Supelcowax-10 capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm i.d., 0.25 μm film thickness) from Supelco® (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) was used. The oven temperature program began at 40°C (held 10 min, during fiber desorption time), 3°C/min up to 150°C, and 15°C/min up to 250°C (held for 5 min). Helium was used as gas carrier with a constant flow of 1 mL/min. The temperatures of the ion source and the transfer line were 230 and 280°C, respectively, and the ionization energy was 70 eV. Data were acquired in full scan mode in selected representative samples for the identification of compounds, which was carried out by comparison of their mass spectra and retention times with those of standard compounds or with those available in mass spectrum library Wiley 6 and in the literature. Then, the quantitative assessment of all samples was carried by selected ion mode, considering m/z 44, 45, 55, 56, 57, 58, 70, 81, and 98, which were representative for the compounds of interest. Data were then analyzed by an Agilent MSD ChemStation. Relative amounts of volatile compounds were calculated by the internal standard method, expressing the results as μg of 4-methyl-2-pentanol equivalents/kg of sample.
Albendea P., Tres A., Rafecas M., Vichi S., Sala R, & Guardiola F. (2023). Effect of Feeding Acid Oils on European Seabass Fillet Lipid Composition, Oxidative Stability, Color, and Sensory Acceptance. Aquaculture Nutrition, 2023, 6415693.
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Publication 2023
Antioxidants ARID1A protein, human Bath Capillaries cDNA Library Edetic Acid Fibrosis Gas Chromatography Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Head Helium Mass Spectrometry poly(dimethylsiloxane-divinylbenzene) Propyl Gallate Radionuclide Imaging Retention (Psychology) Solid Phase Microextraction Ultrasonography
4
Cellulose Membrane Fabrication via NMMO
NMMO-H2O solution (50 wt%) was distilled under reduced pressure to a water content of about 13.3%, then added to 0.5% propyl gallate and stored in a cool place away from light [41 (link)]. A certain amount of jute MCC was added to NMMO-H2O solution and swollen at 100 °C for 8 h. Then, it was stirred violently using a mechanical stirrer, until MCC was completely dissolved and formed an amber transparent casting liquid. Secondly, the casting liquid was kept at the same temperature for complete degassing, and membrane was scraped on a preheated glass plate at constant speed with an I-shaped coater (size of thickness is 250 μm). After scraping the membrane, put it in coagulation bath (defaults to water, unless otherwise specified) quickly for 24 h, and we changed bath liquid at intervals of 8 h. Finally, the completely solidified membrane was put into 30% glycerol aqueous solution and plasticized for 1 h, then let it air-dry and subsequently placed in a vacuum drying oven at 50 °C for drying to constant weight. Cellulose membrane was obtained with a thickness of about 13 μm, measured by a film thickness tester A3-SR-100.
Liang Z., Li X., Li M, & Hong Y. (2023). Study on the Preparation and Properties of Jute Microcrystalline Cellulose Membrane. Molecules, 28(4), 1783.
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Publication 2023
Amber Bath Cellulose Coagulation, Blood Glycerin Light Pressure Propyl Gallate Tissue, Membrane Vacuum
5
Jute-based Cellulose Nanofiber Production
Jute was produced in Bangladesh and purchased from Zhejiang Baisheng Industrial, Taizhou, China (cellulose content is about 67.59%). NMMO aqueous solution (50 wt%) and sodium hypochlorite solution (active chlorine content is 13%) were analytical pure and purchased from McLean, Palm Springs, CA, USA. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was purchased from Solarbio, Beijing, China. Standard MCC, whose purity is over 99% and average diameter is less than 25 μm, was purchased from Aladdin Chemical Reagents company, Shanghai, China. Hydrogen peroxide (30%, v/v), nitric acid, anhydrous sodium carbonate, glacial acetic acid, anhydrous ethanol, anhydrous methanol, hydrochloric acid (37 wt%), propyl gallate and glycerol (98% purity) were purchased from Sinopharm Group, Beijing, China. All the regents had not been further purified before use.
Liang Z., Li X., Li M, & Hong Y. (2023). Study on the Preparation and Properties of Jute Microcrystalline Cellulose Membrane. Molecules, 28(4), 1783.
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Publication 2023
Absolute Alcohol Acetic Acid Arecaceae Cellulose Chlorine Glycerin Hydrochloric acid Methanol Natural Springs Nitric acid Peroxide, Hydrogen Propyl Gallate Serum Albumin, Bovine sodium carbonate Sodium Hypochlorite

Top products related to «Propyl Gallate»

1
N propyl gallate by Merck Group
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N-propyl gallate is a chemical compound that serves as an antioxidant and preservative in various laboratory applications. It is commonly used in the food and pharmaceutical industries to prevent oxidation and extend the shelf-life of products.
2
Propyl gallate by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany
Propyl gallate is a chemical compound that functions as an antioxidant. It is used in various industrial and pharmaceutical applications to prevent oxidation and spoilage.
3
4 6 diamidino 2 phenylindole (dapi) by Merck Group
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DAPI is a fluorescent dye that binds strongly to adenine-thymine (A-T) rich regions in DNA. It is commonly used as a nuclear counterstain in fluorescence microscopy to visualize and locate cell nuclei.
4
Triton x 100 by Merck Group
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Triton X-100 is a non-ionic surfactant commonly used in various laboratory applications. It functions as a detergent and solubilizing agent, facilitating the solubilization and extraction of proteins and other biomolecules from biological samples.
5
4 6 diamidino 2 phenylindole (dapi) by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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DAPI is a fluorescent dye used in microscopy and flow cytometry to stain cell nuclei. It binds strongly to the minor groove of double-stranded DNA, emitting blue fluorescence when excited by ultraviolet light.
6
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Alexa Fluor 488 is a fluorescent dye used in various biotechnological applications. It has an excitation maximum at 495 nm and an emission maximum at 519 nm, producing a green fluorescent signal. Alexa Fluor 488 is known for its brightness, photostability, and pH-insensitivity, making it a popular choice for labeling biomolecules in biological research.
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Ascorbic acid by Merck Group
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Ascorbic acid is a chemical compound commonly known as Vitamin C. It is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a role in various physiological processes. As a laboratory product, ascorbic acid is used as a reducing agent, antioxidant, and pH regulator in various applications.
8
β carotene by Merck Group
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β-carotene is a carotenoid compound commonly used in laboratory research and product development. It functions as a provitamin, which means it can be converted into vitamin A in the body. β-carotene is a natural colorant and antioxidant with potential applications in various industries.
9
Gallic acid by Merck Group
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Gallic acid is a naturally occurring organic compound that can be used as a laboratory reagent. It is a white to light tan crystalline solid with the chemical formula C6H2(OH)3COOH. Gallic acid is commonly used in various analytical and research applications.
10
Tween 20 by Merck Group
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Tween 20 is a non-ionic detergent commonly used in biochemical applications. It is a polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, a surfactant that can be used to solubilize and stabilize proteins and other biomolecules. Tween 20 is widely used in various laboratory techniques, such as Western blotting, ELISA, and immunoprecipitation, to prevent non-specific binding and improve the efficiency of these assays.

More about "Propyl Gallate"

Propyl Gallate is a versatile chemical compound with a wide range of applications as an antioxidant.
Also known as n-propyl gallate or PG, this phenolic ester is derived from gallic acid and has been extensively studied for its potential benefits in various industries.
Propyl Gallate's primary function is as a preservative, helping to prevent oxidation and rancidity in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.
It is commonly used in processed meats, vegetable oils, and personal care products to extend shelf life and maintain product quality.
Additionally, Propyl Gallate has demonstrated potent antioxidant properties, making it a valuable ingredient in supplements and functional foods enriched with vitamins like ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and carotenoids like β-carotene.
Beyond its preservative and antioxidant applications, Propyl Gallate has also been explored for its potential therapeutic uses.
Researchers have investigated its ability to inhibit the growth of certain bacteria and fungi, as well as its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects.
The compound has been studied in combination with other agents, such as the detergent Triton X-100 and the fluorescent dye Alexa Fluor 488, to enhance its efficacy and facilitate scientific investigations.
Overall, Propyl Gallate's versatility and potential benefits make it an important chemical compound for a wide range of industries and research applications.
By leveraging AI-powered tools like PubCompare.ai, researchers can optimize their Propyl Gallate protocols, locate the best products and literature, and streamline their research process to uncover the most effective solutions.