Tobacco filler from individual cigarettes was removed from the paper wrapper, 5 mL of 2N NaOH was added to 1.0 grams of tobacco filler in a 60 mL amber vial, followed by extraction with 50 mL of an MTBE stock that contained quinoline as an internal standard. A 1 mL aliquot of the extract was placed in a 2 mL amber vial for GC/MS analysis. The sample preparation and nicotine analytical method have been previously described.13 Five replicates were analyzed for each variety.
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Quinolines
Quinolines
Quinolines are a class of heterocyclic aromatic compounds containing a quinoline ring system.
They are widely studied for their diverse pharmacological properties, including antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities.
Quinolines are found in various natural and synthetic sources, and have been the focus of extensive research in the fields of medicinal chemistry and drug discovery.
This description provides a concise overview of the importance and relevance of quinolines in biomedical research.
They are widely studied for their diverse pharmacological properties, including antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities.
Quinolines are found in various natural and synthetic sources, and have been the focus of extensive research in the fields of medicinal chemistry and drug discovery.
This description provides a concise overview of the importance and relevance of quinolines in biomedical research.
Most cited protocols related to «Quinolines»
Amber
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
methyl tert-butyl ether
Nicotine
Quinolines
Tobacco Products
We performed a systematic literature search on October 22, 2015 (updated on August 21, 2017) of the databases MEDLINE, Embase, and Global Health for primary clinical studies of the quinoline and structurally related antimalarials for malaria-related indications in which electrocardiograms (ECGs) were recorded before and after drug administration (Search Strategy in S1 Appendix ). These published and additional unpublished studies were identified as part of the work of the World Health Organization (WHO) Evidence Review Group (ERG) on the Cardiotoxicity of Antimalarials [5 ].
Studies were eligible for inclusion in the review if they were prospective randomised-controlled trials or cohort studies published from 1988 onwards in which 5 or more participants were given a quinoline or structurally related antimalarial drug—amodiaquine, chloroquine, halofantrine, lumefantrine, mefloquine, piperaquine, primaquine, pyronaridine, or quinine—either as monotherapy or as part of an ACT. Studies that coadministered other drugs with QT-prolonging potential (e.g., azithromycin) as part of the trial intervention were excluded.
Study authors were contacted with a request for clinical study reports and protocols as well as anonymised individual patient-level data sets of the following prespecified variables identified from expert consultation [5 ]: age, weight, sex, body temperature, parasitaemia, haemoglobin or haematocrit, heart rate or RR interval duration, uncorrected QT interval duration, ECG abnormalities, and other cardiovascular adverse events. Studies were included in this meta-analysis if individual patient-level data were available for all requested variables from the screening or a baseline time point before antimalarial drug administration.
All included individual patient-level data were obtained in accordance with appropriate ethical approvals from countries and institutions of origin. Additional ethical approval for this systematic review and meta-analysis of fully anonymised individual patient data was not deemed necessary in keeping with University of Oxford Central University Research Ethics Committee guidance.
Studies were eligible for inclusion in the review if they were prospective randomised-controlled trials or cohort studies published from 1988 onwards in which 5 or more participants were given a quinoline or structurally related antimalarial drug—amodiaquine, chloroquine, halofantrine, lumefantrine, mefloquine, piperaquine, primaquine, pyronaridine, or quinine—either as monotherapy or as part of an ACT. Studies that coadministered other drugs with QT-prolonging potential (e.g., azithromycin) as part of the trial intervention were excluded.
Study authors were contacted with a request for clinical study reports and protocols as well as anonymised individual patient-level data sets of the following prespecified variables identified from expert consultation [5 ]: age, weight, sex, body temperature, parasitaemia, haemoglobin or haematocrit, heart rate or RR interval duration, uncorrected QT interval duration, ECG abnormalities, and other cardiovascular adverse events. Studies were included in this meta-analysis if individual patient-level data were available for all requested variables from the screening or a baseline time point before antimalarial drug administration.
All included individual patient-level data were obtained in accordance with appropriate ethical approvals from countries and institutions of origin. Additional ethical approval for this systematic review and meta-analysis of fully anonymised individual patient data was not deemed necessary in keeping with University of Oxford Central University Research Ethics Committee guidance.
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Amodiaquine
Antimalarials
Azithromycin
Body Temperature
Cardiotoxicity
Cardiovascular System
Chloroquine
chrysarobin
Congenital Abnormality
Electrocardiogram
Ethics Committees, Research
halofantrine
Lumefantrine
Malaria
Mefloquine
Parasitemia
Patients
Pharmaceutical Preparations
piperaquine
Primaquine
pyronaridine
Quinine
Quinolines
Rate, Heart
Volumes, Packed Erythrocyte
To determine the amount of nicotine produced by the e-cigarette devices, five puffs of e-cigarette aerosols were collected on a glass fiber filter (MilliporeSigma, Burlington, MA, USA). Filters were then spiked with 40 μg of quinoline (98%, Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA) and extracted with 4 mL HPLC grade methanol (EMD Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). quinoline was used as an internal standard due to its chemical similarity to nicotine, no interference in nicotine analysis, and its absence in the samples. Filter extracts were analyzed using the HPLC system described above (Waters 2690 equipped with a Polaris 3 column). External standards of nicotine (≥99%, Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA) and quinoline were prepared and quantified at 260 and 220 nm wavelengths, respectively. It should be noted that JUUL aerosols contain nicotine salts. Since these salts have a similar UV absorption maximum at 255–260 nm [35 (link)], they were quantified using the same nicotine standard. Details of nicotine analysis can be found in Tables S4 and S5 .
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Aerosols
High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies
Medical Devices
Methanol
Nicotine
Quinolines
Salts
Strains
Alexa594
avidin-horseradish peroxidase complex
Azides
Biotin
Cells
Cloning Vectors
cuprolinic blue
Dextran
Ethanol
Gelatins
Goat
Immunoglobulins
Interstitial Cells of Cajal
Methanol
Microscopy, Interference
Muscle Contraction
Neurons
Peroxidase
Peroxide, Hydrogen
Pigment Blue 16
Pneumogastric Nerve
Quinolines
Serous Membrane
Smooth Muscles
SYTOX Green
Tissues
Triton X-100
Xylene
Argon
Hanks Balanced Salt Solution
High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies
Horseradish Peroxidase
NSC 663284
Peroxide, Hydrogen
Quinolines
Sodium Hydroxide
Sulfoxide, Dimethyl
Most recents protocols related to «Quinolines»
This was synthesized following a modified literature procedure.28 (link) Ph2P(2-quinoline) (99.7 mg, 0.32 mmol) and [Cu(MeCN)4]PF6 (76.3 mg, 0.21 mmol) were placed under nitrogen and dissolved in anhydrous MeCN (2 ml). The resulting solution was stirred at r.t. (18 h) before removing insoluble solids using a syringe filter (0.2 μm) to give a clear yellow solution. Et2O (20 ml) was added to the solution to precipitate the product as a yellow powder with a lime green fluorescence (68 mg, 0.05 mmol, 24% yield).
δH (500 MHz, CD3CN, ppm) 7.91 (br s), 7.80 (t, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.72 (t, J = 7.64 Hz), 7.61 (t, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.54 (t, J = 7.9 Hz), 7.50 (t, J = 7.7 (Hz)), 7.40 (t, J = 7.3 Hz).
δP{H} (203 MHz, CD3CN, ppm): 0.26 (br s), −144.63 (sept, PF6−).
δC (126 MHz, CD3CN, ppm): 135.18, 135.06, 131.44, 131.20, 129.81, 129.74, 129.01, 128.58, 128.06, 124.95, 124.77.
HRMS(ESI+): [C2H3CuN]+m/z = 103.9554, calcd = 103.9562. [C63H48CuN3P3]+m/z = 1002.2385, calcd = 1002.2357. [C42H32CuN2P2]+m/z = 689.1359, calcd = 689.1337. [C23H19CuN2P]+m/z = 417.0586, calcd = 417.0582. [C21H16CuNP]+m/z = 376.0317, calcd = 376.0316.
δH (500 MHz, CD3CN, ppm) 7.91 (br s), 7.80 (t, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.72 (t, J = 7.64 Hz), 7.61 (t, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.54 (t, J = 7.9 Hz), 7.50 (t, J = 7.7 (Hz)), 7.40 (t, J = 7.3 Hz).
δP{H} (203 MHz, CD3CN, ppm): 0.26 (br s), −144.63 (sept, PF6−).
δC (126 MHz, CD3CN, ppm): 135.18, 135.06, 131.44, 131.20, 129.81, 129.74, 129.01, 128.58, 128.06, 124.95, 124.77.
HRMS(ESI+): [C2H3CuN]+m/z = 103.9554, calcd = 103.9562. [C63H48CuN3P3]+m/z = 1002.2385, calcd = 1002.2357. [C42H32CuN2P2]+m/z = 689.1359, calcd = 689.1337. [C23H19CuN2P]+m/z = 417.0586, calcd = 417.0582. [C21H16CuNP]+m/z = 376.0317, calcd = 376.0316.
calcium green
Fluorescence
Nitrogen
Powder
Quinolines
Syringes
One flavone ZN-006 [2-((5-hydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-7-yl)oxy)acetic acid], one benzofuran ZN-013 [(4-methoxybenzofuran-2-yl)(phenyl)methanone], and four quinolines VB-030 [2-(pyridin-4-yl)-4-(p-tolyl)quinoline], VB-031 [(E)-3-(3-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)acryloyl)-6-methyl-4-phenylquinolin-2(1H)-one], VB-037 [(E)-4-(3-(2-(5-nitroquinolin-2-yl)vinyl)quinolin-2-yl)morpholine] and VB-041 [2-(pyridin-4-yl)-N-(3-(N-(3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-azepin-7-yl)sulfamoyl)phenyl)quinoline-4-carboxamide] were purchased from Enamine (Kyiv, Ukraine). Procedures for producing coumarins ZN-014 (ethyl 5-hydroxy-2-oxo- 2H-chromene-3-carboxylate) and ZN-015 [(E)-4-hydroxy-3-(3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)acryloyl)-2H-chromen-2-one] were as stated [28 (link)]. Congo red, kaempferol and 7,8-DHF, controls for cellular and/or biochemical assays were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). In addition, LM-031 (3-benzoyl-5-hydroxychromen-2-one), a control for evaluating TRKB signaling, was synthesized as stated [30 (link)].
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2H-chromen-2-one
Acetic Acids
Benzofurans
Biological Assay
Cells
Coumarins
ethyl 2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxylate
Flavones
Imidazoles
kaempferol
Morpholines
Polyvinyl Chloride
quinoline
quinoline-4-carboxamide
Quinolines
tropomyosin-related kinase-B, human
The ion concentrations were analyzed using commercial one-component reagents:
Calcium (Alpha Diagnostics, arsenazo III method, reagent composition: TRIS buffer pH 8.5; arsenazo III, 8-hydroxy-quinoline-5-sulfonic acid, inactive stabilizers and detergents 630–670 nm);
Magnesium (Alpha Diagnostics Magnesium Xylidyl Blue, reagent composition: trioglycolic acid, DMSO, Xylidyl Blue, measurement at 550 nm);
Phosphorus (Alpha Diagnostics, direct method with phosphomolybdate, reagent composition: sulfuric acid, ammonium molybdate, measurement at 340 nm).
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Acids
ammonium molybdate
Arsenazo III
Calcium
Detergents
Diagnosis
Magnesium
phosphomolybdic acid
Phosphorus
Quinolines
Sulfonic Acids
Sulfoxide, Dimethyl
Sulfuric Acids
Tromethamine
Complex 1 (100 mg, 0.1005 mmol)
was dissolved in 15 mL of quinoline, and CuCN (900 mg, 10.05 mmol,
ca. 100 equiv.) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 10
min and then heated with stirring at 190 °C for 3 h under an
argon atmosphere. The reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature
and filtered using a G-4 crucible. The filtrate was diluted with chloroform
(30 mL) and washed with 10 M HCl solution (3 × 25 mL) followed
by water (3 × 25 mL). After drying the chloroform layer with
sodium sulfate, the solvent was removed by a rotary evaporator. The
crude product was dissolved in chloroform and purified over silica
(100–200 mesh) using chloroform as the eluent. The last and
major band of three fractions was collected and identified as2 . Complex 2 was obtained in pure form by rotatory
evaporation of the solvent. Yield 32% (25 mg, 0.0321 mmol). UV–vis
(CH2Cl2): λmax (nm) (log ε):
443 (5.31), 578 (3.81), 625 (4.67). MALDI-TOF-MS (m/z): found 779.53 [M]+, calcd. 779.15.
Anal. calcd. for C48H24N8OV: C, 73.94;
H, 3.10; N, 14.37. Found: C, 73.75; H, 3.01; N, 14.22.
was dissolved in 15 mL of quinoline, and CuCN (900 mg, 10.05 mmol,
ca. 100 equiv.) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 10
min and then heated with stirring at 190 °C for 3 h under an
argon atmosphere. The reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature
and filtered using a G-4 crucible. The filtrate was diluted with chloroform
(30 mL) and washed with 10 M HCl solution (3 × 25 mL) followed
by water (3 × 25 mL). After drying the chloroform layer with
sodium sulfate, the solvent was removed by a rotary evaporator. The
crude product was dissolved in chloroform and purified over silica
(100–200 mesh) using chloroform as the eluent. The last and
major band of three fractions was collected and identified as
evaporation of the solvent. Yield 32% (25 mg, 0.0321 mmol). UV–vis
(CH2Cl2): λmax (nm) (log ε):
443 (5.31), 578 (3.81), 625 (4.67). MALDI-TOF-MS (m/z): found 779.53 [M]+, calcd. 779.15.
Anal. calcd. for C48H24N8OV: C, 73.94;
H, 3.10; N, 14.37. Found: C, 73.75; H, 3.01; N, 14.22.
Anus
Atmosphere
Chloroform
Quinolines
Silicon Dioxide
Solvents
Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
Sulfates, Inorganic
1H NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker AV-400 spectrometer in chloroform-d3. Chemical shifts are reported in ppm with the internal TMS signal at 0.0 ppm as a standard. The data is being reported as (s = singlet, d = doublet, t = triplet, m = multiplet or unresolved, brs = broad singlet, coupling constant(s) in Hz, integration). 13C NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker AV-400 spectrometer in chloroform-d3. Chemical shifts are reported in ppm with the internal chloroform signal at 77.0 ppm as a standard. Infrared spectra were recorded on a Nicolet iS 10 spectrometer as thin film and are reported in reciprocal centimeter (cm−1). Mass spectra were recorded with Micromass Q-Exactive Focus mass spectrometer using electron spray ionization. 1H NMR, and 13C NMR are supplied for all compounds: see Supplementary Figs. 1 –68 . More mechanism studies are supplied: see Supplementary Figs. 69 –74 . Representative synthetic procedures for the preparation of alkynones are supplied: see Supplementary Fig. 75 . General procedure for the synthesis of benzo[6,7]azepino[2,3-b]quinolines 3 is supplied: see Supplementary Fig. 76 . General procedure for the synthesis of pyridine-based diones 5 are supplied: see Supplementary Fig. 77 . Synthetic applications are supplied: see Supplementary Figs. 78 –80 . Crystal data are supplied: see Supplementary Tables 1 –5 . TD-DFT computational data are supplied: see Supplementary Tables 6 –15 . See Supplementary methods for the characterization data of compounds not listed in this part.
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1H NMR
Anabolism
Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Chloroform
Electrons
Figs
Mass Spectrometry
pyridine
Quinolines
Triplets
Top products related to «Quinolines»
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Quinoline is a heterocyclic aromatic compound with the chemical formula C₉H₇N. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a distinctive odor. Quinoline serves as a precursor in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical and agrochemical products.
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Acetonitrile is a colorless, volatile, flammable liquid. It is a commonly used solvent in various analytical and chemical applications, including liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and other laboratory procedures. Acetonitrile is known for its high polarity and ability to dissolve a wide range of organic compounds.
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Methanol is a colorless, volatile, and flammable liquid chemical compound. It is commonly used as a solvent, fuel, and feedstock in various industrial processes.
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Acetone is a clear, colorless, and volatile liquid organic compound. It is a common laboratory solvent used for a variety of purposes, such as cleaning and degreasing. Acetone has a high evaporation rate and is miscible with water, making it useful for various applications in scientific and industrial settings.
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Benzo[h]quinoline is a heterocyclic organic compound used as a laboratory reagent. It is a fused aromatic system composed of a benzene ring and a pyridine ring.
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Methanol is a clear, colorless, and flammable liquid that is widely used in various industrial and laboratory applications. It serves as a solvent, fuel, and chemical intermediate. Methanol has a simple chemical formula of CH3OH and a boiling point of 64.7°C. It is a versatile compound that is widely used in the production of other chemicals, as well as in the fuel industry.
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Formic acid is a colorless, pungent-smelling liquid chemical compound. It is the simplest carboxylic acid, with the chemical formula HCOOH. Formic acid is widely used in various industrial and laboratory applications.
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DMSO is a versatile organic solvent commonly used in laboratory settings. It has a high boiling point, low viscosity, and the ability to dissolve a wide range of polar and non-polar compounds. DMSO's core function is as a solvent, allowing for the effective dissolution and handling of various chemical substances during research and experimentation.
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Acetonitrile is a highly polar, aprotic organic solvent commonly used in analytical and synthetic chemistry applications. It has a low boiling point and is miscible with water and many organic solvents. Acetonitrile is a versatile solvent that can be utilized in various laboratory procedures, such as HPLC, GC, and extraction processes.
More about "Quinolines"
Quinolines are a versatile class of heterocyclic aromatic compounds containing a quinoline ring system.
Also known as benzopyridines, these nitrogen-containing organic molecules have garnered significant attention in the fields of medicinal chemistry and drug discovery due to their diverse pharmacological properties.
From antimalarial and anti-inflammatory to anticancer activities, quinolines have demonstrated a remarkable breadth of therapeutic potential.
Quinolines can be found in a variety of natural sources, such as plants and microorganisms, as well as in synthetic compounds.
Researchers have extensively studied quinoline derivatives, exploring their structure-activity relationships and optimizing their pharmacological profiles.
Compounds like benzo[h]quinoline, a fused quinoline-benzene system, have also been the focus of ongoing investigations.
The versatility of quinolines extends beyond their medicinal applications.
These heterocyclic compounds have also been utilized as building blocks in the synthesis of other organic molecules, often in the presence of solvents like acetonitrile, methanol, acetone, and formic acid.
The use of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a solvent has also been explored in quinoline-related research.
With their widespread occurrence and multifaceted functionality, quinolines continue to captivate the scientific community.
Researchers are constantly uncovering new insights into the structural, pharmacological, and synthetic aspects of these remarkable compounds, paving the way for innovative therapies and expanding the frontiers of chemical knowledge.
Also known as benzopyridines, these nitrogen-containing organic molecules have garnered significant attention in the fields of medicinal chemistry and drug discovery due to their diverse pharmacological properties.
From antimalarial and anti-inflammatory to anticancer activities, quinolines have demonstrated a remarkable breadth of therapeutic potential.
Quinolines can be found in a variety of natural sources, such as plants and microorganisms, as well as in synthetic compounds.
Researchers have extensively studied quinoline derivatives, exploring their structure-activity relationships and optimizing their pharmacological profiles.
Compounds like benzo[h]quinoline, a fused quinoline-benzene system, have also been the focus of ongoing investigations.
The versatility of quinolines extends beyond their medicinal applications.
These heterocyclic compounds have also been utilized as building blocks in the synthesis of other organic molecules, often in the presence of solvents like acetonitrile, methanol, acetone, and formic acid.
The use of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a solvent has also been explored in quinoline-related research.
With their widespread occurrence and multifaceted functionality, quinolines continue to captivate the scientific community.
Researchers are constantly uncovering new insights into the structural, pharmacological, and synthetic aspects of these remarkable compounds, paving the way for innovative therapies and expanding the frontiers of chemical knowledge.