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Raffinose

Raffinose is a trisaccharide found in many plants, including legumes, grains, and some fruits.
It is composed of galactose, glucose, and fructose, and is known for its potential prebiotics and health benefits.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform can help researchers optimie their protocols for studying raffinose, by providing access to relevant literature, preprints, and patents.
Their powerful comparison tools can identify the most effective methods and products, unlocking reproducibility and accelerating research on this important carbohydrate.

Most cited protocols related to «Raffinose»

1
Genetic Interaction Mapping of Kinase-Phosphatase Network

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Publication 2009
Carbon Cell Fractionation Cells CFC1 protein, human Chromosomes Dissection Galactose Genes Genetic Testing Glucose Histidine Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases Phosphotransferases Protein Subunits Raffinose Reading Frames Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains Transcription, Genetic
2
In vivo CRAC and Blotting Analysis
In vivo CRAC, western and northern blot analyses were performed essentially as described previously (Granneman et al, 2009 (link)) with the following modifications: For the Rat1 CRAC experiments shown in Figure 6, cells were pre-grown in filter sterilized synthetic minimal medium containing galactose and raffinose, but lacking uracil and tryptophan (SG/R-URA-TRP), to an OD600 of 1.0, subsequently shifted to glucose containing medium (SD-URA-TRP) for 12 h to an OD600 of ∼0.5. Cultures were UV irradiated in the Megatron (Supplementary Figure S1A) at room temperature for 100 s (equivalent to an average dose of ∼1.6 mJ/cm2) and cells were harvested by centrifugation, washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and stored at −80 °C. Megatron parts were purchased from UVO3 (http://www.uvo3.co.uk; contact Peter Wadsworth http://Peter@uvo3.co.uk). Sanger sequencing of cDNAs was performed as described (Granneman et al, 2009 (link)). Negative control cDNAs were generated from RNA extracted from excised membrane fragments from mock experiments run in parallel. For the high-throughput sequencing analysis, crosslinked RNAs were sequentially ligated to L3 and barcoded L5 adaptors and amplified by RT/PCR (see Supplementary Table S1 for oligonucleotide sequences). Oligonucleotides were purchased from Integrated DNA technologies (IDT). Illumina sequencing (single end 50-bp reads) was performed according to the manufacturer's procedure and reads were aligned to the yeast genome using novoalign (http://www.novocraft.com). Data analyses were performed using pyCRAC, a set of Python tools for high throughput sequence analysis (Webb, Tollervey and Granneman, manuscript in preparation).
Granneman S., Petfalski E, & Tollervey D. (2011). A cluster of ribosome synthesis factors regulate pre-rRNA folding and 5.8S rRNA maturation by the Rat1 exonuclease. The EMBO Journal, 30(19), 4006-4019.
Publication 2011
Cells Centrifugation DNA, Complementary Galactose Genome Glucose High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing Northern Blotting Oligonucleotides Phosphates Python Raffinose Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction RNA Saccharomyces cerevisiae Saline Solution Tissue, Membrane Tryptophan Uracil
3
Automated Glycosidic Linkage Detection
The anomeric position of each carbohydrate monomer is examined to check if the residue is connected to another carbohydrate by the glycosidic linkage. In our scheme, the root residue of a carbohydrate chain is simply assigned to a residue that has a free reducing end: for example, α-D-N-acetyl-glucose in Fig. 2D. N- or O-glycosylation is determined by cross-referencing the connected protein residue on the reducing end of the glycan chain; N-glycosylated when the reducing end is connected to ASN and O-glycosylated when the reducing end is connected to THR or SER. During the implementation, we frequently found incorrectly assigned bonds in glycan chains, which interfere with glycosidic linkage detection. For example, Figure 3A and 3B show incorrectly assigned bonds between neighboring residues possibly due to close proximity between two atoms, which forms a small ring structure and hinders the correct glycosidic linkage assignment. To assign glycosidic linkages reliably, each glycosidic linkage is reexamined to remove any chemical bonds that do not make chemical sense, e.g., oxygen atoms having three covalent bonds. On the other hand, there are some glycan chains that have missing glycosidic linkages (Fig. 3C). In such cases, Glycan Reader examines the distance between the anomeric carbon and the exocyclic oxygen on the neighboring residue; if it is in close proximity (e.g., < 2.5 Å), a glycosidic linkage is generated between the two residues. In rare occasions, covalent bonds with extreme bond lengths are present in the PDB (Fig. 3D); any chemical bonds that are longer than 5 Å will be removed in Glycan Reader. While these error correction features have been tested on a number of internal test cases, users are always advised to make sure that the input structure is correct and the output from the Glycan Reader is as intended. In the case that a carbohydrate chain is connected to a non-carbohydrate molecule, the entire chain is ignored presently. For instance, PDB:1S0J contains a ligand molecule that is a derivative of sialic acid with a methylumbelliferyl moiety, and Glycan Reader classifies the molecule as a non-carbohydrate molecule. While currently not implemented in an automated fashion, the potential to treat such moieties using the CHARMM General Force Field is possible.24 (link)The CHARMM carbohydrate force field20 (link),21 (link) provides several linkage types for mixed pyranose and furanose compounds, such as sucrose, lactulose, melezitose, raffinose, kestose, 6-kestose, isomaltulose, planteose, and nystose. This is because it is not possible to use the same linkage type between pyranose and furanose due to different atom types. Therefore, Glycan Reader detects the presence of mixed pyranose and furanose compounds, and uses appropriate linkage types to make glycosidic linkages between the pyranose and furanose residues.
Jo S., Song K.C., Desaire H., MacKerell AD J.r, & Im W. (2011). Glycan Reader: Automated Sugar Identification and Simulation Preparation for Carbohydrates and Glycoproteins. Journal of computational chemistry, 32(14), 3135-3141.
Publication 2011
6-kestose Carbohydrates Carbon Glucose Glycosides isomaltulose Lactulose Ligands melezitose N-Acetylneuraminic Acid nystose Oxygen Plant Roots Polysaccharides Protein Glycosylation Proteins Raffinose Sucrose
4
Synchronized Sporulation Induction
Strains were grown to saturation in YPD, diluted in BYTA (1% yeast extract, 2% tryptone, 1% potassium acetate, 50 mM potassium pthalate) to OD600 = 0.25, and grown overnight. Cells were resuspended in sporulation medium (0.3% potassium acetate at pH 7, 0.02% raffinose) to OD600 = 1.8 and sporulated with vigorous shaking at 30°C. pGAL-NDT80 and GAL4.ER strains were released from the arrest by the addition of 1 μM β-estradiol at 6 h. pCUP1-IME1 pCUP1-IME4 strains were released from the arrest by addition of 25 μM CuSO4 at 2 h. In ndt80Δ strains, expression of pGAL-5′ UTRCLB3CLB3-3HA was induced with 1 μM β-estradiol at 6 h.
Berchowitz L.E., Gajadhar A.S., van Werven F.J., De Rosa A.A., Samoylova M.L., Brar G.A., Xu Y., Xiao C., Futcher B., Weissman J.S., White F.M, & Amon A. (2013). A developmentally regulated translational control pathway establishes the meiotic chromosome segregation pattern. Genes & Development, 27(19), 2147-2163.
Publication 2013
Cells Estradiol poly(glutamic acid-lysine) Potassium Potassium Acetate Raffinose Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains
5
Thermotolerance Assay of Hsp104 in Yeast

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Publication 2014
Cells Galactose Plasmids Raffinose Yeast, Dried

Most recents protocols related to «Raffinose»

1
Bifidobacterium breve M-16V Probiotic Composition
Not available on PMC !

Example 4

Bifidobacterium breve M-16V (NITE BP-02622) is added to 3 mL of an MRS liquid medium and is anaerobically cultured at 37° C. for 16 hours, and the culture liquid is concentrated, followed by lyophilization, to obtain a lyophilized powder of the bacterium (bacterial powder). The bacterial powder and a prebiotic (lactulose, raffinose, and galactooligosaccharide) are uniformly mixed to obtain a composition. The composition is provided to elderly persons as a liquid food for the aged. The composition is daily provided at breakfast for one week such an amount that the intake of the Bifidobacterium breve M-16V (NITE BP-02622) is 1×1088 to 1×10110 CFU/kg body/day. When Bifidobacterium breve M-16V (NITE BP-02622) is killed cells, CFU/kg body/day can be replaced by (individual cells)/kg body/day. Note that the composition may be mixed with a food or drink, such as a fermented milk. By orally administering the composition, modulation of palatability, maintenance of body temperature, and protection of a blood vessel can be expected. Furthermore, the composition can be used for preventing or treating unbalanced diet, sensitivity to cold, hypothermia, myocardial infarction, ischemia-reperfusion injury, cardiac hypertrophy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, arteriosclerosis, or vascular plaque formation.

US11857579B2. Composition for promoting the secretion of FGF21 (2024-01-02). MORINAGA MILK INDUSTRY CO., LTD. [JP]. Inventors: Tatsuya Ehara [JP], Hirohisa Izumi [JP], Takashi Shimizu [JP].
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Patent 2024
Arteriosclerosis Bacteria Bifidobacterium breve Blood Vessel Body Temperature Cardiac Hypertrophy Cells Cold Temperature Dental Plaque Diabetic Cardiomyopathies Diet fibroblast growth factor 21 Food Freeze Drying Human Body Hypersensitivity Lactulose Milk, Cow's Myocardial Infarction Powder Prebiotics Raffinose Reperfusion Injury secretion
2
Inducible α-synuclein and ApoE4 yeast model
Not available on PMC !

Example 157

α-synuclein and ApoE4 yeast strains were previously engineered to express the human α-synuclein or ApoE4 genes under control of the yeast galactose-regulated promoter, GAL1 , as described in International Patent Publication No. W02016/040794 and U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,452,670 and 7,045,290, the procedures for the production of such strains of which are herein incorporated by reference. The induced expression of α-synuclein and ApoE4 confers cytotoxicity, thus enabling the identification of compounds that can restore cell viability. This instantaneous/synchronous induction of α-synuclein and ApoE4 can be achieved due to the following expression control. In glucose-containing media, gene expression from the GAL1 promoter is ‘off’ and actively repressed by additional epigenetic factors. In raffinose, expression is ‘off’, but the promoter not actively repressed. Upon transition to galactose-containing media, the promoter is instantaneously turned ‘on’ to achieve robust and synchronous induction of α-synuclein or ApoE4 expression. This highly regulated induction provides a robust window for the determination of both efficacy (amplitude of protective effect) and potency (concentration of protective effect) of cytoprotective compounds.

US11873298B2. Compounds and uses thereof (2024-01-16). JANSSEN PHARMACEUTICA NV [BE]. Inventors: Matthew Lucas [US], Bertrand Le Bourdonnec [US], Iwona Wrona [US], Bhaumik Pandya [US], Parcharee Tivitmahaisoon [US], Kerem Ozboya [US], Benjamin Vincent [US], Daniel Tardiff [US], Jeff Piotrowski [US], Eric Solis [US], Robert Scannevin [US], Chee-Yeun Chung [US], Rebecca Aron [US], Kenneth Rhodes [US].
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Patent 2024
Apolipoprotein E4 Cell Survival Cytotoxin Galactose Gene Expression Glucose Homo sapiens Promoter, Genetic Raffinose Saccharomyces cerevisiae SNCA protein, human Strains
3
Rehmannia glutinosa Rhizome Bioactive Compound Study
Fresh Rhizomes of Rehmannia glutinosa were obtained from Wuzhi County, Henan Province, China (35° 1′23″ north latitude, 113° 18′76″ east longitude) in December 2021. Stachyose (NO. 112031-201701), sucrose (NO.1 11507-202105), raffinose (NO. 190225-201901), and verbascose (NO. 111530-201914) were purchased from China Institute for Food and Drug Control.
Dexamethasone tablets were purchased from Tangshan Longkang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was purchased from Sigma Company in the United States. The detection kits for TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-1β were purchased from Shanghai Enzyme-linked Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Moreover, the detection kits for SOD, MDA, GSH-Px, and CAT were purchased from the Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Research Institute. Additionally, the digestion enzyme test kits were purchased from Beijing SOLEBAR Technology Co., Ltd. All other chemicals, solvents, and reagents were of pure analytical grade.
Li X., Gui R., Wang X., Ning E., Zhang L., Fan Y., Chen L., Yu L., Zhu J., Li Z., Wei L., Wang W., Li Z., Wei Y, & Wang X. (2023). Oligosaccharides isolated from Rehmannia glutinosa protect LPS-induced intestinal inflammation and barrier injury in mice. Frontiers in Nutrition, 10, 1139006.
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Publication 2023
Dexamethasone Digestion Enzymes Food IL17A protein, human Interleukin-1 beta Lipopolysaccharides Pharmaceutical Preparations Raffinose Rehmannia glutinosa Rhizome Solvents stachyose Sucrose Test, Clinical Enzyme Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha verbascose wuzhi
4
Rehmannia glutinosa Oligosaccharide Extraction
Fresh Rhizomes of Rehmannia glutinosa were cut into small pieces of 5–10 mm after being washed, added four times the amount of water, and extracted twice at 90°C, at 1 h duration. The two extracts were combined, adding activated carbon (2 g/100 ml) and activated clay (2 g/100 ml) to the extract. It was stirred and decolored at 80°C for 30 min, then centrifuged. The supernatant was passed through 001 × 7 cation exchange resin column (diameter: high = 6:1), D201 type anion exchange resin column (diameter: high = 6:1), D101 macroporous adsorption resin column (diameter: high = 10:1) one by one, sample volume (mL): resin column volume = 1:1.5, flow rate was 500 mL/h. Finally, the macroporous adsorption resin effluent was collected and concentrated and dried at 60°C to get white powder, that is RGO.
The type and content of oligosaccharides in RGO were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Agilent1260), configured using a Refractive Index Detector (RID) (13 (link)). The standard reference substances of sucrose, stachyose, raffinose, and mulberry sugar were weighed precisely and prepared with 70% acetonitrile aqueous solution into the standard reference solution with a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL, respectively. The RGO powder was also weighed precisely, and prepared with 70% acetonitrile aqueous solution into the sample solution with a concentration of 1 mg/mL. The chromatographic column was Agilent ZORBOX NH2 (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm); the mobile phase was acetonitrile: water (7:3); the injection volume was 10 μL, the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, and the temperature of column incubator was 40°C. The temperature of the detection was 50°C with RID. The types of oligosaccharides in RGO were determined by comparing the HPLC peaks of reference substance with those in RGO, and the content of oligosaccharides was calculated by external standard method.
Li X., Gui R., Wang X., Ning E., Zhang L., Fan Y., Chen L., Yu L., Zhu J., Li Z., Wei L., Wang W., Li Z., Wei Y, & Wang X. (2023). Oligosaccharides isolated from Rehmannia glutinosa protect LPS-induced intestinal inflammation and barrier injury in mice. Frontiers in Nutrition, 10, 1139006.
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Publication 2023
acetonitrile Adsorption Anion Exchange Resins Carbohydrates Cation Exchange Resins Charcoal, Activated Chromatography Clay High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Morus Oligosaccharides Powder Raffinose Rehmannia glutinosa Resins, Plant Rhizome stachyose Sucrose
5
Validating Signal Peptide Function
The function of the predicted signal peptides was verified by the yeast secretion system. To determine the signal peptide secretory activity, the signal peptide of AsCEP50 was cloned into vector pSUC2 using specific primers. The recombinant vector was transformed into yeast strain YTK12. The positive colonies were screened on a CMD−W medium (0.075% tryptophan dropout supplement, 0.67% yeast nitrogen base without amino acids, 2% sucrose, 0.1% glucose, and 2% agar). To test for invertase secretion, successfully transformed yeast strains were grown on YPRA agar (1% yeast extract, 2% peptone, 2% raffinose, 2 mg/mL antimycin A, and 2% agar).
Wang C., Wang J., Zhang D., Cheng J., Zhu J, & Yang Z. (2023). Identification and functional analysis of protein secreted by Alternaria solani. PLOS ONE, 18(3), e0281530.
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Publication 2023
Agar Amino Acids, Basic Antimycin A Cloning Vectors Dietary Supplements Glucose Invertase Nitrogen Oligonucleotide Primers Peptones Raffinose secretion Signal Peptides Strains Sucrose Tryptophan Yeast, Dried

Top products related to «Raffinose»

1
Raffinose by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, China, Switzerland, United Kingdom
Raffinose is a trisaccharide sugar that consists of galactose, fructose, and glucose. It is commonly used in laboratory settings as a carbohydrate source and for the cultivation of microorganisms.
2
Sucrose by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, France, Switzerland, Sao Tome and Principe, China, Macao, Italy, Poland, Canada, Spain, India, Australia, Belgium, Japan, Sweden, Israel, Denmark, Austria, Singapore, Ireland, Mexico, Greece, Brazil
Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose. It is commonly used as a laboratory reagent for various applications, serving as a standard reference substance and control material in analytical procedures.
3
Galactose by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, China, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Sao Tome and Principe, Italy, France, Canada, Singapore, Japan, Spain, Sweden
Galactose is a monosaccharide that serves as a core component in various laboratory analyses and experiments. It functions as a fundamental building block for complex carbohydrates and is utilized in the study of metabolic processes and cellular structures.
4
Fructose by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Australia, China, Sao Tome and Principe, Spain, Switzerland, France, Sweden, Canada, Belgium, Poland, Greece, India
Fructose is a type of monosaccharide sugar that is commonly used in laboratory settings. It is a naturally occurring carbohydrate found in fruits, honey, and certain vegetables. Fructose serves as a key component in various experimental and analytical procedures, particularly in the fields of biochemistry, food science, and nutrition research.
5
Stachyose by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, China, Germany
Stachyose is a complex carbohydrate found in certain plants. It is a type of oligosaccharide, specifically a tetrasaccharide, composed of four monosaccharide units. Stachyose is commonly used as a laboratory tool for various analytical and research purposes.
6
Frozen ez yeast transformation 2 kit by Zymo Research
Sourced in United States, Germany
The Frozen-EZ Yeast Transformation II Kit is a laboratory product designed for the transformation of DNA into competent yeast cells. It provides a simple and efficient method for introducing plasmid DNA into yeast strains.
7
D glucose by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Australia, France, Italy, Canada, Sao Tome and Principe, Japan, Macao, Israel, Switzerland, Spain, Belgium, India, Poland, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Ireland, Mexico, New Zealand, Brazil, Singapore, Netherlands
D-glucose is a type of monosaccharide, a simple sugar that serves as the primary source of energy for many organisms. It is a colorless, crystalline solid that is soluble in water and other polar solvents. D-glucose is a naturally occurring compound and is a key component of various biological processes.
8
Lactose by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Canada, Italy, Switzerland, France, Sao Tome and Principe, Belgium
Lactose is a disaccharide sugar composed of galactose and glucose. It is a key component in the regulation of gene expression and the maintenance of cellular metabolism. Lactose is commonly used in various laboratory applications, including cell culture, enzymatic assays, and biochemical analyses.
9
D raffinose pentahydrate by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate is a chemical compound used in laboratory applications. It is a naturally occurring trisaccharide composed of galactose, glucose, and fructose. This compound is commonly used as a cryoprotectant and in the preparation of culture media.

More about "Raffinose"

Raffinose is a trisaccharide composed of galactose, glucose, and fructose.
It is found in many plants, including legumes, grains, and some fruits.
Raffinose is known for its potential prebiotic properties and health benefits.
Researching raffinose can provide insights into carbohydrate metabolism, gut microbiome modulation, and various physiological processes.
Raffinose is related to other saccharides like sucrose, stachyose, and lactose.
Galactose and fructose are monosaccharides that make up the raffinose molecule.
D-glucose is another important monosaccharide that is often studied in the context of carbohydrate metabolism.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform can help optimize research protocols for studying raffinose.
Their tools can identify the most effective methods and products from the available literature, preprints, and patents, unlocking reproducibility and accelerating research on this important carbohydrate.
Researchers can use the Frozen-EZ Yeast Transformation II Kit to study the effects of raffinose on yeast and other microorganisms.
By exploring the insights and relationships around raffinose, researchers can deepen their understanding of this trisaccharide and its potential applications in areas such as prebiotics, gut health, and metabolic processes.