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Resorufin

Resorufin is a red, fluorescent, phenoxazine-based dye that is widely used as a reporter molecule in various biological assays.
It is commonly employed in cell-based assays to measure metabolic activity, cytotoxicity, and cell viability.
Resorufin is reduced by enzymes such as oxidoreductases, producing a fluorescent product that can be detected using spectrophotometric or fluorometric techniques.
This versatile dye has applications in fields including drug discovery, toxicology, and cell biology research.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform can help researchers optimize Resorufin assays by identifying the most reproducible and effective protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, ensuring consistent and reliable results in your Resorufin experimments.

Most cited protocols related to «Resorufin»

We developed and validated a Simoa NfL assay using the capture monoclonal antibody (mAB) 47:3 and the biotinylated detector mAB 2:1 from UmanDiagnostics,31 transferred onto the Simoa platform. mAB 47:3 was buffer exchanged and diluted to 0.3mg/ml. Paramagnetic beads (4 × 106; Quanterix Corporation, Lexington, MA) were buffer exchanged and activated using 0.5mg/ml 1‐ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (Quanterix), followed by a 30‐minute incubation at room temperature (RT; HulaMixer; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA). During a 2‐hour incubation at RT (HulaMixer) the diluted capture mAB was conjugated with the washed and activated beads. Subsequently, the beads were washed and blocked. After 3 washes, the conjugated beads were suspended and stored at 4°C. Biotinylated mAB 2:1 was obtained from UmanDiagnostics and stored at 4°C pending analysis.
The assay was run on a Simoa HD‐1 instrument (Quanterix) using a 2‐step Assay Neat 2.0 protocol; 100μl of calibrator/sample (diluent: Tris‐buffered saline [TBS], 0.1% Tween 20, 1% milk powder, 400μg/ml Heteroblock [Omega Biologicals, Bozeman, MT]), 25μl conjugated beads (diluent: TBS, 0.1% Tween 20, 1% milk powder, 300μg/ml Heteroblock), and 20μl of mAB 2:1 (0.1μg/ml; diluent: TBS, 0.1% Tween 20, 1% milk powder, 300μg/ml Heteroblock) were incubated for 47 cadences (1 cadence = 45 seconds). After washing, 100μl of streptavidin‐conjugated β‐galactosidase (150pM; Quanterix) was added, followed by a 7‐cadence incubation and a wash. Prior to reading, 25μl Resorufin β‐D‐galactopyranoside (Quanterix) was added. Calibrators (neat) and samples (serum: 1:4 dilution; CSF: 1:10 dilution) were measured in duplicates. Bovine lyophilized NfL was obtained from UmanDiagnostics. Calibrators ranged from 0 to 2,000pg/ml for serum and from 0 to 10,000pg/ml for CSF measurements. Batch prepared calibrators were stored at −80°C.
Intra‐ and interassay variability of the assay was evaluated with 3 native serum and 3 native CSF samples in 22 and 12 consecutive runs on independent days, respectively. For serum, the mean coefficients of variation (CVs) of duplicate determinations for concentration were 5.6% (13.3pg/ml, sample 1), 6.9% (22.5pg/ml, sample 2), and 5.3% (236.5pg/ml, sample 3). In CSF, the mean intra‐assay CVs were 2.5% (572.6pg/ml, sample 1), 0.7% (1,601.8pg/ml, sample 2), and 3.8% (6,110.2pg/ml, sample 3). Interassay CVs for serum were 11.3% (sample 1), 9.3% (sample 2), and 6.4% (sample 3). In CSF, interassay CVs were 10.1% (sample 1), 6.2% (sample 2), and 15.5% (sample 3). We used the concentration of the lowest calibrator fulfilling acceptance criteria (accuracy = 80–120%, CV of duplicate determination ≤ 20%) as an estimate of the analytical sensitivity.32 The analytical sensitivity was 0.32pg/ml. All samples produced signals above the analytical sensitivity of the assay. Few samples with intra‐assay CVs > 20% were repeat measured. Recovery rates ([concentration of spiked sample − concentration of native sample]/spiked concentration × 100) were tested in 4 serum and 4 CSF samples from HC spiked with 5, 50, and 200pg/ml and 500 and 2,000pg/ml of NfL, respectively. The mean recovery after spiking was 107% for serum and 121% for CSF. Parallelism and linearity of the assay for serum and CSF were confirmed by serial dilution experiments.32
Publication 2017
The oxygen reactivity of PMOs was measured by a time resolved quantification of H2O2 formation in 96-well plates (total volume of 200 μL) using a Perkin Elmer EnSpire Multimode plate reader. All reactions were performed in 100 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 6.0 at 22°C. Based on preliminary studies ascorbate and CDH were used in concentrations of 30 μM and 0.3 μM (0.025 mg mL-1), respectively to prevent a limitation in the PMO reduction step. As electron donor for CDH 500 μM cellobiose was used. When ascorbate was used as reductant, it was added to a final concentration of 30 μM and enzyme assays were started by mixing 20 μL of the respective PMO with 180 μL of the ready-made assay solution containing 30 μM ascorbate, 50 μM Amplex Red and 7.14 U mL-1 peroxidase in 96-well plate wells. In reference experiments without PMO the background signal (H2O2 production by CDH) was measured and subtracted from the assays. When CDH was used as reductant, the PMO assays were started by mixing 20 μL of sample solution and 20 μL CDH solution with 160 μL of the reaction mix containing cellobiose, Amplex Red and peroxidase. Initial fluorescence scans of resorufin showed highest signal intensities and lowest interference with matrix compounds when using an excitation wavelength of 569 nm and an emission wavelength of 585 nm for the selected conditions. The stoichiometry of H2O2 conversion to resorufin formation is 1:1. By using a high concentration of Amplex Red (50 μM) the linearity of the detection reaction was ensured and the molar ratio of Amplex Red:H2O2 was always greater than 50:1
[22 (link)]. The H2O2 concentration in the assays was far below 1 μM, which leads to a linear concentration/activity response of horseradish peroxidase, which has a KM for H2O2 of 1.55 μM. The high final activity of horseradish peroxidase (7.14 U mL-1) assures a fast conversion of the formed H2O2 and prevents the final reaction to be rate limiting. Additionally, it prevents the accumulation of H2O2, which could have detrimental effects on enzyme stability in the assay. The stability of resorufin fluorescence under these conditions was tested by addition of varying concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (0.1 – 5 μM) to the assay. A stable signal that remained constant throughout the measured period of 45 minutes was observed and maximum signal intensity was reached already during the mixing period before starting the assay. A linear relation between fluorescence and H2O2 concentrations in the range of 0.1 – 2 μM H2O2 was observed and the slope (28450 counts μmol-1) was used for the calculation of an enzyme factor to convert the fluorimeters readout (counts min-1), into enzyme activity. PMO activity was defined as one μmol H2O2 generated per minute under the defined assay conditions.
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Publication 2012
Biological Assay Buffers Cellobiose Electrons enzyme activity Enzyme Assays Enzymes Enzyme Stability Fluorescence Horseradish Peroxidase Molar Oxygen Peroxidase Peroxide, Hydrogen Radionuclide Imaging Reducing Agents resorufin sodium phosphate Tissue Donors
Optical fiber bundles were purchased from Schott North America (Southbridge, MA). Non-reinforced gloss silicone sheeting was obtained from Specialty Manufacturing (Saginaw, MI). Hydrochloric acid, anhydrous ethanol, and molecular biology grade Tween-20 were all from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO). 2.7-μm-diam. carboxyl-terminated magnetic beads were purchased from Varian, Inc. (Lake Forest, CA). Monoclonal anti-human TNF-α capture antibody, polyclonal anti-human TNF-α detection antibody, and recombinant human TNF-α were purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN). Monoclonal anti-PSA capture antibody, monoclonal anti-PSA detection antibody, and purified PSA were purchased from BiosPacific (Emeryville, CA); the detection antibody was biotinylated using standard methods. 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (NHS), and SuperBlock® T-20 Blocking Buffer were purchased from Thermo Scientific (Rockford, IL). Purified DNA was purchased from Integrated DNA Technologies (Coralville, IA). Streptavidin-β-galactosidase (SβG) was conjugated in house using standard protocols. Resorufin-β-D-galactopyranoside (RGP) was purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA). The fiber polisher and polishing consumables were purchased from Allied High Tech Products (Rancho Dominguez, CA).
Publication 2010
Absolute Alcohol Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic Buffers Carbodiimides Etanercept Fibrosis Forests GLB1 protein, human Homo sapiens Hydrochloric acid Immunoglobulins Monoclonal Antibodies N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide resorufin galactopyranoside Silicones Streptavidin TNF protein, human Tween 20
Serum samples were collected from each of the participants and then processed, divided into aliquots, and frozen at −80°C according to standardized procedures. Serum NfL concentrations were measured with the NF-Light assay from UmanDiagnostics (Umeå, Sweden) and transferred onto the Simoa platform with a home-brew kit (Quanterix Corp, Boston, MA). Detailed instructions can be found in the Simoa Homebrew Assay Development Guide (Quanterix). In short, paramagnetic carboxylated beads (catalog no. 100451, Quanterix) were activated by adding 5% (vol/vol) 10 mg/mL 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (catalog no. 100022, Quanterix) to a magnetic beads solution with 1.4×106 beads/μL. After a 30-minute incubation at room temperature, the beads were washed with a magnetic separator, and an initial volume, i.e., 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide + bead solution volume in the previous step, of 0.3 mg/mL ice cold solution of the capture antibody (UD1, UmanDiagnostics) was added. After a 2-hour incubation on a mixer (2,000 rpm, Multi-Tube Vortexer, Allsheng, China) at room temperature, the beads were washed, and an initial reaction volume of blocking solution was added. After 3 washes, the conjugated beads were suspended and stored at 4°C pending analysis. Before analysis, the beads were diluted to 2,500 beads/μL in bead diluent. The detection antibody (1 mg/mL, UD2, UmanDiagnostics) was biotinylated by adding 3% (vol/vol) 3.4 mmol/L EZ‐Link NHS‐PEG4‐Biotin (Quanterix), followed by a 30-minute incubation at room temperature. Free biotin was removed with spin filtration (Amicon Ultra-2, 50 kDa, Sigma, St. Louis, MO), and the biotinylated antibody was stored at 4°C pending analysis. The serum samples were assayed in duplicate on a Simoa HD-1 instrument (Quanterix) using a 2-step assay dilution protocol that starts with an aspiration of the bead diluent from 100 μL conjugated beads (2,500 beads/μL), followed by the addition of 20 μL biotinylated antibody (0.1 μg/mL) and 100 μL of 4-fold diluted sample (or undiluted calibrator) to the bead pellet. For both samples and calibrator, the same diluent was used (phosphate-buffered saline; 0.1% Tween-20; 2% bovine serum albumin; 10 μg/mL TRU Block [Meridian Life Science, Inc, Memphis, TN]). After a 47-cadence incubation (1 cadence = 45 seconds), the beads were washed, followed by the addition of 100 μL streptavidin-conjugated β-galactosidase (150 pmol/L, catalog No. 100439, Quanterix). This was followed by a 7-cadence incubation and a wash. Before reading, 25 μL resorufin β−D-galactopyranoside (catalog No. 100017, Quanterix) was added. The calibrator curve was constructed by use of the standard from the NfL ELISA (NF-Light, UmanDiagnostics) in triplicate. The lower limits of detection and quantification, as defined by the concentration derived from the signal of blank samples (sample diluent) + 3 and 10 SD, were 0.97 and 2.93 pg/mL, respectively. To evaluate the linearity of the assay, 6 different samples were analyzed at 4- (default), 8-, and 16-fold dilution, and the average coefficient of variation for the concentration measured at the different dilutions was 11.5%. All samples were measured as duplicates. The mean coefficient of variation of duplicate concentrations was 4.3%. In addition, a quality control sample was measured in duplicate on each of the 7 runs used to complete the study. The intra-assay coefficient of variation for this sample was <10%. All measurements were performed by board-certified laboratory technicians in one round of experiments using one batch of reagents.
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Publication 2016

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Publication 2012
Biological Assay Buffers Catalase Cattle Chelex 100 Filtration Ions Kidney Liver Metals Oxides Pentetic Acid Peroxidase Peroxide, Hydrogen Phosphates pyrroline Resins, Plant resorufin Superoxide Dismutase Transition Elements TRAP1 protein, human

Most recents protocols related to «Resorufin»

5×104 H4 cells were washed once with PBS and lysed in 30μl GCase lysis buffer (0.05 M citric acid, 0.05 M KH2PO4, 0.05 M K2HPO4, 0.11 M KCl, 0.01 M NaCl, 0.001 M MgCl2, pH 6.0 with 0.1% (v/v) TritonX-100, supplemented with freshly added protease inhibitor). 10μl of cell lysate were mixed with 10μl of 10 mM resorufin-β-D-glucopyranoside and baseline fluorescence was measured at t0 immediately. The build-up of fluorescent product (resorufin) was measured after incubation for 2 h at 37°C (λex = 535 nm and λem = 595 nm) indicating GCase activity. Data was normalized to total protein levels and depicted as a percentage of untreated GBA1 WT cells.
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Publication 2024

Microplate reader measurements: To a 200 μL peptide coacervate dispersion (5 mg mL−1), 0.5 μL [Cp*Ru(cod)Cl] (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene, abbreviated as Ru, 2 mg mL−1 in DMSO) was added by pipetting. After equilibration for 2 min, 0.5 μL caged resorufin (4 mg mL−1 in DMSO) was added to the mixture. The dispersion was mixed by pipetting for a few seconds. The change in fluorescence intensity (λem = 585 nm) was monitored with a microplate reader under periodic shaking.

Confocal imaging measurements: 20 μL peptide coacervate dispersion (10 mg mL−1 in HEPES/PBS buffer, pH ~ 8) was mixed with 0.2 μL Ru solution (0.5 mg mL−1 in DMSO) by pipetting. The mixture was then treated with 0.2 μL caged resorufin (0.5 mg mL−1 in DMSO). The emission intensity at λem = 585 nm was then recorded by confocal imaging.

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Publication 2024
The PrestoBlue assay was used (following manufacturer’s instructions) to measure the reduction of resazurin to resorufin (a red fluorescent compound) by living cells in organoids. Data are presented as fluorescence signal of resorufin.
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Publication 2024
To characterize the AM, the mixing module (MixM) was filled with a resorufin solution at 100 µg mL−1 (see Figure 1A) and droplets with varying end concentrations were generated. The transport of the resorufin solution was achieved by displacing it with Tetradecane (TD) (172456, Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Taufkirchen, Germany), which was transported into the MixM using a syringe pump (Nemesys, Cetoni GmbH, Korbußen, Germany). Starting with the initial resorufin concentration of 100 µg mL−1 (TD flow rate of 100 µL min−1, MEM flow rate of 0 µL min1), the ratio between the TD flow rate and the MEM flow rate was systematically changed. Increments of 10 µL min−1 were used, leading to flow rates of 30 µL min−1 for TD and 70 µL min−1 for MEM. After mixing the resorufin solution (GM, inlet 2) with the MEM (GM, inlets 1, 3), droplet generation was initiated by pumping PFD into inlets 4 and 5 of the GM (see Figure 1D) in a horizontal manner. For each flow rate ratio, 30 droplets were generated using a PFD flow rate of 500 µL min−1, resulting in an average droplet volume of 768 nL. The droplets were stored on an SM directly connected to the AM. The SM (Figure 1A) consists of a holder onto which a PTFE tube is spirally wound. Through the PTFE tube, the droplets were directed to the AM for subsequent spectroscopic resorufin detection, as described above.
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Publication 2024
Anticancer
activities of the compounds were determined by resazurin assay.62 (link),63 (link) This assay is a quantitative fluorometric method used for determination
of cell viability. Resazurin is a blue dye used as an oxidation–reduction
indicator in cell viability assays and is itself weakly fluorescent
until it is irreversibly reduced to the pink colored and highly red
fluorescent resorufin. Resazurin is effectively reduced in mitochondria
in the presence of NADH dehydrogenases. NADH is the reductant that
converts resazurin to resorufin. The reduction of resazurin correlates
with the number of live cells. The cells were plated in 96-well plates
at a density of 1 × 104 cells in 100 μL of medium per well
of the 96-well plate. Cells were treated with 10 μM concentration
of test compounds for 48 h. After the incubation period the supernatant
was aspirated, and cell monolayers were washed with Dulbecco’s
phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS). The assay was terminated with the
addition of 50 μL (50 μg/mL) of resazurin dye for 1 h.
The O.D. was measured at 560 nm for resorufin since resazurin exhibits
an absorption peak at 590 nm using a Tecan infinite M200 pro Multimode
reader.
Publication 2024

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Resazurin is a redox-sensitive dye that can be used as a non-toxic indicator in cell viability and proliferation assays. It undergoes a color change from blue to pink upon reduction, which can be measured using spectrophotometric or fluorometric methods.
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Resorufin is a fluorescent dye commonly used in biochemical and cell-based assays. It is a red-colored, water-soluble compound that emits a red-orange fluorescence when excited at the appropriate wavelength. Resorufin is often used as a substrate or indicator in various enzymatic and cell viability assays, providing a quantitative measurement of specific biological activities.
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Amplex Red is a fluorogenic probe used for the detection and quantitation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and other peroxides. It is a colorless, non-fluorescent compound that becomes highly fluorescent upon oxidation by H2O2 in the presence of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The resulting fluorescent product can be measured using a fluorescence microplate reader or fluorometer.
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Alamar Blue is a cell viability indicator used to measure the proliferation and cytotoxicity of cells in various laboratory applications. It is a non-toxic reagent that can be added directly to cell cultures and provides a quantitative measure of cell health and metabolic activity.
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The AlamarBlue assay is a colorimetric assay used to quantify cell viability and cytotoxicity. It measures the metabolic activity of cells by detecting the reduction of the dye, which changes color in response to chemical reduction.
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The CellTiter-Blue Cell Viability Assay is a fluorometric method used to quantify the number of viable cells in a culture. The assay relies on the ability of living cells to convert a redox dye (resazurin) into a fluorescent end product (resorufin). The amount of fluorescent resorufin produced is proportional to the number of viable cells present in the sample.
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The Amplex Red Hydrogen Peroxide/Peroxidase Assay Kit is a fluorometric assay kit that can be used to detect and quantify hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and peroxidase activity. The kit uses the Amplex Red reagent, which reacts with H2O2 in the presence of peroxidase to produce the fluorescent product resorufin.
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Amplex Red reagent is a fluorogenic probe used for the detection and quantification of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and other peroxidases. It is a sensitive and stable compound that can be used in various biochemical and cell-based assays.
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Resazurin sodium salt is a chemical compound commonly used as an indicator in various laboratory applications. It is a redox-sensitive dye that changes color based on the oxidation-reduction state of the surrounding environment. When used in cell culture systems, resazurin can be employed as a viability and cytotoxicity assay to measure cellular metabolic activity.
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CellTiter-Blue is a cell viability assay kit that measures the metabolic activity of cells. It uses the indicator dye, resazurin, to quantitatively measure the number of viable cells in a sample.

More about "Resorufin"

Resorufin is a versatile fluorescent dye widely used in various biological assays, including those measuring metabolic activity, cytotoxicity, and cell viability.
This phenoxazine-based compound is reduced by enzymes like oxidoreductases, producing a fluorescent product that can be detected using spectrophotometric or fluorometric techniques.
Resorufin has applications in drug discovery, toxicology, and cell biology research, making it a valuable tool for researchers.
Related terms and assays include Resazurin, a non-fluorescent precursor that is reduced to the fluorescent Resorufin; Amplex Red, another fluorogenic substrate used to detect hydrogen peroxide; and Alamar Blue/AlamarBlue, a similar resazurin-based assay.
The CellTiter-Blue Cell Viability Assay and the Amplex Red Hydrogen Peroxide/Peroxidase Assay Kit are examples of commercially available products that utilize Resorufin and related dyes.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform can help researchers optimize Resorufin assays by identifying the most reproducibale and effective protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, ensuring consistent and reliable results in your Resorufin experiments.
This cutting-edge technology can improve your research by providing access to the best methods and protocols for working with this versatile fluorescent dye.