Data were analyzed using SAS V 9.2. Patients who died during index hospitalization or within 30 days of the first infection diagnosis were compared with patients who survived > 30 days after the infection. We also compared the demographics, severity of liver disease and infection-related variables between those with community-acquired, HCA and nosocomial first infections. The clinical characteristics of patients who developed a second infection were compared to those who remained free of second infections. Results are expressed as mean (SD) unless specified otherwise. When comparing groups, a chi-square or fisher exact test was used for categorical variables while for continuous variables, t-tests were used. The determinants of mortality were calculated using a logistic regression model. Univariate analysis was performed to determine predictors of death. The variables analyzed were age; gender; etiology of cirrhosis; diabetes; admission MELD, albumin, sodium; admission mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, SOFA score, use of PPIs, antibiotics such as rifaximin or others used for SBP prophylaxis, and non-selective beta-blockers; organism gram stain to generate a model with variables available at baseline. We also examined another model with additional variables of length-of-stay and second infection that were evident during hospitalization. All variables with a P-value < 0.25 on univariate analysis were included in the stepwise logistic regression analysis. Backwards elimination was performed to arrive at a parsimonious model where all variables included in the multi-variable logistic regression model were significant at the 0.25 level or less. The resulting model was then pared down by eliminating, one by one, co-variates that were not significant at the 0.05 level and the final model where all co-variates were significant at the 0.05 level was identified and the fit of this model was assessed using the Hosmer and Lemeshow goodness of fit test.
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Chemicals & Drugs
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Organic Chemical
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Rifaximin
Rifaximin
Rifaximin is a non-absorbable antibiotic used for the treatment of traveler's diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli, as well as the reduction of the risk of overt hepatic encephalopathy recurrence in adults.
It works by inhibiting bacterial RNA synthesis, preventing bacterial growth.
Rifaximin has been studied extensively for its potential applications in various gastrointestinal disorders, and the AI-powered tool PubCompare.ai can help optimize your Rifaximin research by easily locating the best protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, while leveraging AI-driven comparisons to enhance reproducibiltiy and accuracy.
Discover the power of PubCompare.ai and take your Rifaximin research to new heights.
It works by inhibiting bacterial RNA synthesis, preventing bacterial growth.
Rifaximin has been studied extensively for its potential applications in various gastrointestinal disorders, and the AI-powered tool PubCompare.ai can help optimize your Rifaximin research by easily locating the best protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, while leveraging AI-driven comparisons to enhance reproducibiltiy and accuracy.
Discover the power of PubCompare.ai and take your Rifaximin research to new heights.
Most cited protocols related to «Rifaximin»
Adrenergic beta-Antagonists
Albumins
Antibiotics
Community-Acquired Infections
Diabetes Mellitus
Diagnosis
Gender
Gram's stain
Hospitalization
Infection
Infections, Hospital
Liver
Liver Cirrhosis
Patients
Prepulse Inhibition
Rate, Heart
Rifaximin
Secondary Infections
Sodium
Subjects from 2 prospective double-blinded, randomized, parallel-group, noninferiority studies were pooled for these analyses (www.clinicaltrials.gov: study NCT00314951, May 2006 through August 2008, United States, Canada; study NCT00468728, April 2007 through December 2009, United States, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom). Eligible subjects were 16 years of age or older, had received a diagnosis of a first episode of CDI or a first recurrence of CDI within the previous 3 months, and had received no more than 24 hours of pretreatment with vancomycin or metronidazole (up to 4 doses). Subjects treated for ≥3 days with metronidazole without improvement of symptoms were also eligible. Treatment with other potentially effective therapies for CDI, eg, oral bacitracin, fusidic acid, and rifaximin, was not allowed. CDI was defined by a change in bowel habits, with >3 unformed bowel movements (or >200 mL unformed stool for subjects with rectal collection devices) during the 24 hours before randomization, and the presence of either C. difficile toxin A or B in the stool within 48 hours before randomization. Informed consent was obtained from all study participants.
Bacitracin
Defecation
Diagnosis
Feces
Fusidic Acid
Medical Devices
Metronidazole
Rectum
Recurrence
Rifaximin
Toxins, Biological
Vancomycin
Claims were analyzed for patients who were aged ≥ 65 years and had a first (index) CDI diagnosis; all included patients must have had continuous enrollment in Medicare Parts A, B, and D during the 12-month pre-index and 12-month postindex observation periods. An episode of CDI was identified based on either an inpatient stay attributed to a CDI diagnosis code (Supplementary Table 1 , available in online article) or an outpatient medical claim with a CDI diagnosis code plus confirmation of an appropriate CDI treatment. Acceptable CDI treatments included vancomycin, fidaxomicin, metronidazole, rifaximin, bezlotoxumab, or fecal microbiota transplant (Supplementary Table 1 ). The first date for index CDI identification was January 1, 2010, and the last observation date was December 31, 2016, to account for the 12-month pre- and post-index follow-up periods. During the 12-month pre-index period, by study definition, there were no CDI-related claims.
To standardize the start date of events across cases, a CDI episode began on the date of the first CDI medical claim and included consecutive medical and prescription drug claims with a diagnosis of CDI. To be considered part of the episode, each CDI claim needed to occur within 14 days or less from the previous CDI claim, with multiple CDI claims composing a CDI episode. Each CDI episode was followed by a 14-day CDI claim-free period following the last CDI claim or end of CDI treatment, to increase the likelihood that any subsequent CDI claims were associated with a distinct CDI episode and not with the same episode of CDI (Supplementary Figure 1a , available in online article). An episode of rCDI was defined as a second or subsequent episode of CDI, using the same criteria for the index CDI episode, that occurred within an 8-week window following the 14-day CDI claim-free period (Supplementary Figure 1b , available in online article). Multiple rCDI episodes were analyzed up to 12 months following the index CDI date. CDI events that occurred later than each 8-week window were not counted as rCDI (in accordance with rCDI definition from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention22 ), but as new infections, and were not included in this analysis to avoid misclassification.
Deidentified demographic and clinical characteristics were evaluated for each individual, including age; sex; geographic region; race/ethnicity; Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI); comorbid conditions; outpatient medication exposure (any use of gastric acid-suppressing agents, antimicrobials, or immunosuppressant agents); pre- and post-index medical procedures and treatments (transplants, gastrointestinal surgery, enteral feeding, chemotherapy); HRU; and costs.
The 12-month pre-index period was separately reported as 0-6 months pre-index (i.e., the 6 months immediately before the index CDI) and 7-12 months pre-index. The 0- to 6-month pre-index period captured potential precipitating events of CDI, whereas the 7- to 12-month pre-index period represented the baseline health characteristics of the cohorts before the occurrence of clinical events that likely predisposed the patient to their index CDI episode. To serve as a benchmark reference, select baseline and demographic data for the national Medicare population were extracted for all beneficiaries who were enrolled in Medicare FFS with medical and pharmacy benefits for at least 6 months between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2016.
To standardize the start date of events across cases, a CDI episode began on the date of the first CDI medical claim and included consecutive medical and prescription drug claims with a diagnosis of CDI. To be considered part of the episode, each CDI claim needed to occur within 14 days or less from the previous CDI claim, with multiple CDI claims composing a CDI episode. Each CDI episode was followed by a 14-day CDI claim-free period following the last CDI claim or end of CDI treatment, to increase the likelihood that any subsequent CDI claims were associated with a distinct CDI episode and not with the same episode of CDI (
Deidentified demographic and clinical characteristics were evaluated for each individual, including age; sex; geographic region; race/ethnicity; Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI); comorbid conditions; outpatient medication exposure (any use of gastric acid-suppressing agents, antimicrobials, or immunosuppressant agents); pre- and post-index medical procedures and treatments (transplants, gastrointestinal surgery, enteral feeding, chemotherapy); HRU; and costs.
The 12-month pre-index period was separately reported as 0-6 months pre-index (i.e., the 6 months immediately before the index CDI) and 7-12 months pre-index. The 0- to 6-month pre-index period captured potential precipitating events of CDI, whereas the 7- to 12-month pre-index period represented the baseline health characteristics of the cohorts before the occurrence of clinical events that likely predisposed the patient to their index CDI episode. To serve as a benchmark reference, select baseline and demographic data for the national Medicare population were extracted for all beneficiaries who were enrolled in Medicare FFS with medical and pharmacy benefits for at least 6 months between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2016.
bezlotoxumab
Diagnosis
Ethnicity
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
Fidaxomicin
Gastric Acid
Gastrointestinal Surgical Procedure
Grafts
Immunosuppressive Agents
Infection
Inpatient
Metronidazole
Microbicides
Outpatients
Patients
Pharmaceutical Preparations
Pharmacotherapy
Post Technique
Prescription Drugs
Rifaximin
Vancomycin
Dialysis
Endotoxins
Ethics Committees, Research
Infection
Mechanical Ventilation
Microbial Community
Patients
Rifaximin
Shock
Adult
Animals
Neomycin
Plexiglas
Rattus
Rifaximin
Sterility, Reproductive
Tube Feeding
Most recents protocols related to «Rifaximin»
The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for penicillin (β-lactams), cephalexin (β-lactams), ampicillin (β-lactams), ceftiofur (β-lactams), cefquinome (β-lactams), lincomycin (lincosamide class), oxytetracycline (Tetracycline class), marbofloxacin (Quinolone class), rifaximin (Rifamycin class), and vancomycin (Glycopeptides class) (Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China) were determined against 49 L. garvieae isolates using micro-broth dilution assays, following the Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute guidelines [42 ]. All antimicrobial agents were used in concentrations ranging from 0.03 to 16μg/mL. S. aureus ATCC 29,213 was used as a quality control strain. Antimicrobial resistance was defined by combining intermediate and resistant categories into a single category. MDR was defined as resistance to ≥3 classes of antimicrobial agents [2 (link)]. Each experiment was performed in triplicate.
Ampicillin
Biological Assay
cefquinome
ceftiofur
Cephalexin
Clinical Laboratory Services
Glycopeptides
Lactams
Lincomycin
Lincosamides
marbofloxacin
Microbicides
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration
Oxytetracycline
Penicillins
Quinolones
Rifamycins
Rifaximin
Staphylococcus aureus
Strains
Technique, Dilution
Tetracycline
Vancomycin
The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (as revised in 2013). The study was approved by Ethics Committee of Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. IIT2021011-EC-1) and individual consent for this retrospective analysis was waived. Study exclusion criteria included: (I) patients who lacked measurement of their MPA C0 before or during CBP use; (II) patients who switched from IV to oral MMF during the study period; (III) combination therapy of rifampin with MMF; (IV) the immunosuppressive regimen, and the use of rifaximin and proton pump inhibitors did not meet the requirements (eligibility criteria are described in the ‘GVHD prophylaxis and other treatment’ section). In addition, the MPA C0 during diarrhea (watery stools or daily defecation times >3) and during the use of montmorillonite powder was not collected for the analysis, to avoid the confounding effect of diarrhea on the MPA C0.
Chinese
Combined Modality Therapy
Defecation
Diarrhea
Eligibility Determination
Ethics Committees, Clinical
Hematological Disease
Immunosuppressive Agents
Montmorrillonite
Patients
Powder
Proton Pump Inhibitors
Rifampin
Rifaximin
Treatment Protocols
This single-center, retrospective cohort study evaluated HSCT patients who received IV MMF and CBP concomitantly from July 2018 to September 2021 at Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital.
First, the changes in the MPA C0 before and during CBP use were evaluated in the whole study cohort. We aimed to detect an assumed reduction of 30% in MPA C0 before and during CBP use, based on previous studies of the renal or liver transplants (10 (link),11 (link)). Sample size calculations determined that at least 41 subjects were required in a paired t test to provide an 80% power at a significance level of 5% (two-tailed). Considering the larger interindividual variation of HSCT patients, this study included as many subjects as possible.
The patients were studied as two groups when analyzing the impact of gut decontamination. One group comprised the patients who received rifaximin for gut decontamination, the other group comprised the patients who did not receive gut decontamination.
In order to eliminate the interference of other factors on the analysis results, the influence of related clinical factors was also estimated. The variables were selected based on scientific interest or prior knowledge of any possible relationship with MPA concentration.
First, the changes in the MPA C0 before and during CBP use were evaluated in the whole study cohort. We aimed to detect an assumed reduction of 30% in MPA C0 before and during CBP use, based on previous studies of the renal or liver transplants (10 (link),11 (link)). Sample size calculations determined that at least 41 subjects were required in a paired t test to provide an 80% power at a significance level of 5% (two-tailed). Considering the larger interindividual variation of HSCT patients, this study included as many subjects as possible.
The patients were studied as two groups when analyzing the impact of gut decontamination. One group comprised the patients who received rifaximin for gut decontamination, the other group comprised the patients who did not receive gut decontamination.
In order to eliminate the interference of other factors on the analysis results, the influence of related clinical factors was also estimated. The variables were selected based on scientific interest or prior knowledge of any possible relationship with MPA concentration.
Decontamination
Hematological Disease
Kidney
Liver Transplantations
Patients
Rifaximin
The day of HSCT was designated day 0. Patients received MMF, cyclosporine and methotrexate as a triple immunosuppressive regimen for GVHD prophylaxis. The patients in our study were administered lyophilized powder of MMF for injection (Cellcept®, Roche Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Rochester, MI, USA, 0.5 g; Jianlin®, Shuanghe Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Hainan, China, 0.5 g) at a fixed dose of 500 mg every 12 h from day –9. IV cyclosporine was adjusted to maintain therapeutic levels of 150–350 ng/mL early after transplantation, and then administered orally when tolerated. Methotrexate at a dose of 15 mg/m2 was given intravenously on day 1, followed by 10 mg/m2 on days 3, 6 and 11.
Every patient received meropenem or imipenem as infection treatment, typically 1 g every 8 h, except for two patients who received meropenem 500 mg every 8 h or imipenem 500 mg every 6 h. Rifaximin 0.4 g twice daily was administered for gut decontamination, starting before CBP and MMF, and then continuously during MMF sampling. All patients received proton pump inhibitors across all data collection periods. In addition, all patients received antifungal and antiviral prophylaxis in accordance with standard practice at the institution.
Every patient received meropenem or imipenem as infection treatment, typically 1 g every 8 h, except for two patients who received meropenem 500 mg every 8 h or imipenem 500 mg every 6 h. Rifaximin 0.4 g twice daily was administered for gut decontamination, starting before CBP and MMF, and then continuously during MMF sampling. All patients received proton pump inhibitors across all data collection periods. In addition, all patients received antifungal and antiviral prophylaxis in accordance with standard practice at the institution.
Antifungal Agents
Antiviral Agents
Cellcept
Cyclosporine
Decontamination
Imipenem
Immunosuppressive Agents
Infection
Meropenem
Methotrexate
Patients
Pharmaceutical Preparations
Powder
Proton Pump Inhibitors
Rifaximin
Transplantation
Treatment Protocols
The 8 weeks old BALB/c female mice were purchased from Skbex Botechnology (HeNan, China). The animals were kept at room temperature and humidity-controlled room with 12 h light/dark cycle. All the mice adapted to the living environment for one week. For subcutaneous or tail vein injections 2 × 106 CT26 cells were suspended in 200 µL of cold PBS. Mouse were randomly divided into five groups: including normal (N) and model (M) group treated with PBS, LPC treatment (25, 50, 100 mg/kg, ig.), antibiotic rifaximin (ATB, 250 mg/L in drinking water), and ATB + LPC (50 mg/kg) treatment (six in each group). Tumor volume was recorded every three days until the end point according to the formula: volume (mm3) = 0.52 × L × W^2, where L is the length and W is the width of the tumor (in millimeters).
In vivo bioluminescence (BLI) was performed at fluorescent-labeled CT26 cells into BALB/c mice. After the mice were anesthetized with 5% pentobarbital sodium and intraperitoneally injected with D-luciferin (150 mg/kg, ab143654, Abcam, USA) 20 min. They were transferred to the imaging chamber. BLI in terms of photon emission per second was recorded from each mouse by using intelligent visualization software (IVIS) imaging system (PerkinElmer Inc., Waltham, MA) at the optimal imaging time. The BLI data were quantitated by using IVIS software.
In vivo bioluminescence (BLI) was performed at fluorescent-labeled CT26 cells into BALB/c mice. After the mice were anesthetized with 5% pentobarbital sodium and intraperitoneally injected with D-luciferin (150 mg/kg, ab143654, Abcam, USA) 20 min. They were transferred to the imaging chamber. BLI in terms of photon emission per second was recorded from each mouse by using intelligent visualization software (IVIS) imaging system (PerkinElmer Inc., Waltham, MA) at the optimal imaging time. The BLI data were quantitated by using IVIS software.
Animals
Antibiotics
Cells
Cold Temperature
Humidity
Luciferins
Mice, Inbred BALB C
Mus
Neoplasms
Pentobarbital Sodium
Rifaximin
Tail
Veins
Woman
Top products related to «Rifaximin»
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Rifaximin is a laboratory-grade antibiotic compound produced by Merck Group. It is a semi-synthetic rifamycin derivative that exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. The core function of Rifaximin is to inhibit bacterial growth and proliferation in controlled laboratory settings.
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Metronidazole is a synthetic antimicrobial agent. It is a white to pale yellow crystalline powder that is slightly soluble in water and freely soluble in alcohol, acetone, and dimethyl sulfoxide. Metronidazole can be used as a reference standard or in the manufacture of pharmaceutical preparations.
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SR12813 is a laboratory instrument designed for specific analytical measurements. It is a precision tool used in research and testing applications. The core function of SR12813 is to provide accurate and reliable data, without interpretation or extrapolation on its intended use.
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Rifampicin is a lab equipment product manufactured by Merck Group. It is a chemical compound used in various laboratory applications and research purposes.
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Ampicillin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used in laboratory settings. It is a penicillin-based compound effective against a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Ampicillin functions by inhibiting cell wall synthesis, leading to bacterial cell lysis and death.
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DMSO is a versatile organic solvent commonly used in laboratory settings. It has a high boiling point, low viscosity, and the ability to dissolve a wide range of polar and non-polar compounds. DMSO's core function is as a solvent, allowing for the effective dissolution and handling of various chemical substances during research and experimentation.
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Oxacillin is a semi-synthetic penicillin antibiotic used in laboratory settings. It is a crystalline powder that is soluble in water and alcohol. Oxacillin is commonly used in microbiological research and testing procedures.
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Rifaximin is a semi-synthetic, non-absorbable antibiotic that is used in the medical field. It functions as an antibacterial agent by inhibiting bacterial RNA synthesis. Rifaximin is primarily utilized in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.
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Simvastatin is a laboratory instrument used for the analysis and measurement of chemical compounds. It is designed to accurately quantify the presence and concentration of specific substances in a given sample. The core function of Simvastatin is to provide precise and reliable data for research and scientific applications.