Shikonin
Shikonin, a red naphthoquinone pigment derived from the roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, has garnered significant attention due to its diverse pharmacological properties.
This small-molecule natural product exhibits a range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer effects.
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Most cited protocols related to «Shikonin»
The experimental design for the RNA-seq experiment comparing L. erythrorhizon hairy roots sampled in B5 in the light and M9 in the dark was based on a previous report of observed rapid increases in expression of shikonin precursor pathway genes, and in PGT, within 2 h after switching L. erythrorhizon cell cultures from growth in B5 in the light to growth in M9 in darkness40 (link). In this study, several cultures from three independently generated L. erythrorhizon hairy root lines were started in liquid Gamborg B5 media containing 3% sucrose at 28 °C in the light (~100 µE m−2 s−1). After 2 weeks, hairy roots from three cultures for each of the three lines (n = 3 biological replicates per line) were harvested and pooled to represent the B5 light-treated samples. The remaining hairy root cultures were transferred to M9 media and darkness. After 2 h, hairy roots from three cultures for each of the three lines (n = 3 biological replicates per line) were harvested and pooled to represent the M9 dark-treated samples. Samples were frozen in liquid nitrogen, ground by mortar and pestle, and RNA was extracted as described below. Six cDNA libraries were generated with a TruSeq Stranded mRNA library prep kit (Illumina, San Diego, CA) and were sequenced on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 at the Purdue Genomics Center. Sequence quality assessment were performed as described above for the periderm and vascular tissues RNA-seq experiment. The raw data were submitted to the Sequence Read Archive (
Additionally, unstranded RNA-seq data of L. erythrorhizon whole roots and aerial tissue from an unknown accession was downloaded from the NCBI SRA (experiments SRR3957230 and SRR3957231) to include in the gene expression analysis. Gene abundance estimates of PGT and PGT-like genes (Fig.
testing compounds against various SARS-CoV-2, EV-A71, and EV-D68 proteases
in the presence or in the absence of 4 mM DTT were measured with a
common protocol as the following: First, 100 μL of protease
(SARS-CoV-2 Mpro at 100 nM; SARS-CoV-2 PLpro at 200 nM; EV-A71 2Apro at 3 μM; EV-A71 3Cpro at 2 μM; EV-D68 2Apro at 1 μM; or
EV-D68 3Cpro at 100 nM) was incubated with various concentrations
of testing inhibitors at 30 °C for 30 min in its reaction buffer
in a 96-well plate, and then the reaction was initiated by adding
FRET substrate (SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and PLpro substrates
at 10 μM; EV-A71 and EV-D68 substrates at 20 μM). The
reaction was monitored for 2 h, and the initial velocity was calculated
using the data from the first 15 min by linear regression. The IC50 was calculated by plotting the initial velocity against
various concentrations of testing inhibitor by using a four parameters
dose–response curve in Prism (v8.0) software. The reaction
buffers used were as follows:
SARS-CoV-2 Mpro reaction buffer: 20 mM HEPES,
pH 6.5, 120 mM NaCl, 0.4 mM EDTA, and 20% glycerol
SARS-CoV-2 PLpro reaction buffer: 50 mM HEPES,
pH7.5, 0.01% triton X-100
EV-A71 2Apro reaction buffer: 50 mM Tris
pH 7.0, 150 mM NaCl, 10% glyceol
EV-A71
3Cpro reaction buffer: 50 mM Tris
pH 7.0, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 10% glycerol
EV-D68 2Apro reaction buffer: same as EV-A71
2Apro reaction buffer
EV-D68
3Cpro reaction buffer: same as EV-A71
3Cpro reaction buffer
Most recents protocols related to «Shikonin»
Mst1 downregulation was responsible for shikonin-mediated activation on Nrf2. (
Shikonin attenuated DOX-induced cardiomyocyte inflammation and apoptosis. (
Shikonin attenuated DOX-induced oxidative stress in the hearts. (
Top products related to «Shikonin»
More about "Shikonin"
This small-molecule natural product exhibits potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer effects, making it a subject of intense research interest.
Explore the latest advancements in Shikonin research with the help of PubCompare.ai, a powerful AI-driven platform that optimizes your workflow and enhances reproducibility.
Easily access protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, and leverage AI-driven comparisons to identify the most effective approaches for your Shikonin studies.
Streamline your research process and uncover meaningful insights that drive scientific progress.
Discover how PubCompare.ai can help you locate protocols from various sources, including research articles, preprints, and patents, and compare them using AI-driven analysis to identify the most suitable protocols and products for your Shikonin experiments.
Enhance your research efficiency by leveraging tools like Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO), TRIzol reagent, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), RPMI 1640 medium, GraphPad Prism 5, and FACSCalibur flow cytometer.
These resources can be seamlessly integrated into your Shikonin research workflow, helping you to achieve greater accuracy, reproducibility, and meaningful insights.
Explore the diverse applications of Shikonin, from its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties to its potential anticancer effects.
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