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Silymarin

Silymarin is a complex of flavonolignans derived from the milk thistle plant (Silybum marianum).
It is a potent antioxidant and hepatoprotective agent, with demonstrated effects on liver function and regeneration.
Silymarin has been studied for its potential therapeutic applications in liver diseases, cancer, and other conditions.
Researchers can utilize PubCompare.ai to optimize their Silymarin studies by accessing the most reliable research protocols from literature, preprints, and patents.
The AI-driven comparisons help identify the best methodologies and products to enhance reproducibility and accuracy in Silymarin research, accelerating the path to successfull outcomes.

Most cited protocols related to «Silymarin»

1
Quantification of Silymarin Compounds via LC-MS
Cited 7 times
Silymarin compounds were quantified using a LC-MS analysis that was performed on a Water 2695 Alliance (Waters-Micromass, Manchester, UK) coupled with a single quadrupole mass spectrometer ZQ (Waters-Micromass, Manchester, UK). LC-ESI-MS data were collected in the positive and negative modes. Data acquisition and processing were performed with MassLynx 4.0 software (Waters-Micromass, Manchester, UK). The separation was performed at 35 °C on a core-shell column (Kinetex 5 µm XB-C18, 100 Å, LC Column 150 × 4.6 mm, C18 with iso-butyl side chains, and with TMS endcapping, core-shell silica, Phenomenex Le Pecq France). The mobile phase was composed with a mixture of methanol (solvent A) and HPLC grade water (solvent B), both being acidified with 0.05% formic acid. A linear gradient was applied for the mobile phase variation, ranging from a 5:95 (v/v) to 100:0 (v/v) mixture of solvents A and B, respectively, with a flow rate of 1.30 mL/min. The injection volume was 3 µL, the maximum back pressure was 110 bar and the detection was performed at 280 nm. Flavonolignans were identified by comparison with authentic standards (Sigma Aldrich). The limits of detection (LOD) and the limits of quantification (LOQ) were determined based on the signal-to-noise ratio (S:N) of 3:1 and 10:1, respectively.
Drouet S., Abbasi B.H., Falguières A., Ahmad W., S., Ferroud C., Doussot J., Vanier J.R., Lainé E, & Hano C. (2018). Single Laboratory Validation of a Quantitative Core Shell-Based LC Separation for the Evaluation of Silymarin Variability and Associated Antioxidant Activity of Pakistani Ecotypes of Milk Thistle (Silybum Marianum L.). Molecules : A Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry, 23(4), 904.
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Publication 2018
Flavonolignans formic acid High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Methanol Phase Variation Pressure Silicon Dioxide Silymarin Solvents
2
Rat Model of Liver Fibrosis: Treatment Evaluation
Cited 4 times
After a one-week of acclimatization, rats were divided into five groups, each with six animals, according to the following scheme: Group 1: the negative control group; rats were injected intraperitoneally (ip) with saline three times per week for two successive weeks, Group 2: the positive control (TAA) group; rats were ip injected with TAA (100 mg/kg) three times per week for two successive weeks to provoke liver fibrosis [27 (link)] () with some modification based on our preliminary studies. Group 3 and 4: treatment groups; rats received orally RBO (0.2 and 0.4 mL/kg, orally) [28 (link), 29 (link)] daily for 2 weeks after 2 weeks of TAA injection. Group 5: reference group; rats received silymarin (100 mg/kg, orally) [30 (link)], daily for 2 weeks after 2 weeks of TAA injection.
Abdel-Rahman R.F., Fayed H.M., Asaad G.F., Ogaly H.A., Hessin A.F., Salama A.A., Abd El-Rahman S.S., Arbid M.S, & Mohamed M.A. (2021). The involvement of TGF-β1 /FAK/α-SMA pathway in the antifibrotic impact of rice bran oil on thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis in rats. PLoS ONE, 16(12), e0260130.
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Publication 2021
Acclimatization Animals Fibrosis, Liver Rattus norvegicus Saline Solution Silymarin
3
Comprehensive Characterization of Silymarin Extracts
Cited 4 times
Silymarin was obtained from the following suppliers: Sigma-Aldrich (SM 1; St. Louis, MO, USA, batch No. BCBJ0393V), Liaoning Senrong Pharmaceuticals (SM 2; Panjin, China, batch No. 120501), INDENA (SM 3; Settala, Italy, batch No. 32621/M5), Panjin Huacheng Pharmaceutical Company (SM 4; with an additive for better solubility in water, Panjin, China, batch No. E5S66), Takeda (SM 5; Konstanz, Germany, Flavobion® coated tablets, batch No. 383036), Panjin Huacheng Pharmaceutical Company (SM 6; supplied in August 2019 without batch No., Panjin, China). Flavobion® coated tablets (25 tablets, 11.360 g) were powdered and subjected to Soxhlet extraction with acetone (450 mL) for 2 h, the extract was evaporated in vacuo to yield the sample SM 5 (126 mg of dry extract). The extract was stored at −80 °C. Standards of silybin A, silybin B, 2,3-cis-silybin A, 2,3-cis-silybin B, 10,11-cis-silybin A, 10,11-cis-silybin A, silychristin A, silychristin B, isosilychristin, silydianin, isosilybin A, isosilybin B, silyhermin, 2,3-dehydrosilybin A, 2,3-dehydrosilybin B, 2,3-dehydrosilychristin A, 2,3-dehydrosilychristin B, 2,3-dehydroisosilybin, and 2,3-dehydrosilydianin were prepared and fully characterized in the Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology, Prague, CZ [11 (link),21 (link),22 (link),23 (link),24 (link),25 (link)]. Taxifolin was purchased from Amagro (Prague, Czech Republic) and coniferyl alcohol from Sigma-Aldrich (Merck, Kenilworth, NJ, USA). All standard solutions for calibration curves were prepared in dimethyl sulfoxide in volumetric flasks. The silymarin preparations SM 1–SM 6 were also dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide and their concentrations were 10.3, 6.5, 13.3, 8.3, 15.5, and 23.1 mg/mL, respectively. All substances dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide were stable during the measurement; no new peaks appeared in repeated measurements even after several weeks. The concentrations of the flavanonol, flavonolignans, and 2,3-dehydroflavonolignans were calculated using seven-point calibration curves.
Silymarin fraction containing concentrated 2,3-dehydroderivatives of flavonolignans was obtained from silymarin (SM 2 preparation) as described previously [23 (link)] using Sephadex LH-20 glass column XK 50 (100 × 5 cm, bead size 25–100 μm, GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA, USA) equipped with a thermostatic jacket (23 °C). Isocratic elution with methanol, flow rate 3 mL/min, volume of each fraction was 30 mL, UV detection at 254 nm, run-time 28 h [23 (link)]. Briefly, 6 g of “silybin free” silymarin (see Appendix B) was loaded onto the column and eluted with methanol to obtain a fraction enriched in 2,3-dehydroderivatives of flavonolignans (typically 0.8 g).
Acetonitrile, methanol, formic acid, dimethyl sulfoxide (Avantor, Radnor, PA, USA), and deionized water were of LC-MS grade.
Petrásková L., Káňová K., Biedermann D., Křen V, & Valentová K. (2020). Simple and Rapid HPLC Separation and Quantification of Flavonoid, Flavonolignans, and 2,3-Dehydroflavonolignans in Silymarin. Foods, 9(2), 116.
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Publication 2020
Acetone acetonitrile Biotransformation coniferyl alcohol dehydrosilybin Flavonolignans formic acid isosilybin A isosilybin B Methanol Pharmaceutical Preparations sephadex LH 20 Silybin Silybin A Silybin B silychristin silydianin Silymarin Sulfoxide, Dimethyl taxifolin
4
Silymarin Protects Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Cited 4 times
This experimental study was approved by the local ethics committee for animal
experiments (Dollvet Veterinary Vaccines Biological Substance Drug Production
Industry and Trade Inc. Şanlıurfa, Turkey). The experiments were
conducted on 30 three-month-old Wistar albino rats that ranged in weight from
200 g to 250 g. All the animals were kept under standard conditions and were
treated according to the guidelines of the National Institutes of Health. The
animals were kept in a 12h light/dark cycle (lights were turned on at 6 am). The
animals were deprived of food and water for 12h before surgery. The experiments
were conducted at the Dollvet Laboratory of Experimental Research.
The rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups: sham (n=10),
control (n=10) (I/R), and silymarin (n=10) (I/R-silymarin). They were
anesthetized intraperitoneally with xylazine (10 mg/kg) and ketamine
hydrochloride (50 mg/kg). The abdomens of the animals were shaved and then
cleaned with a povidone-iodine solution, and an abdominal midline incision was
made. In the sham group, only a laparotomy was carried out. In the control
group, a cross clamp was placed on the supraceliac aorta and ischemia was
applied for 45 min; this was followed by reperfusion for 60 min. In the
silymarin group, the cross-clamp was placed on the supraceliac aorta for 45 min,
and this was followed by reperfusion for 60 min. Silymarin was administered
during ischemia at a dose of 200 mg/kg via the intraperitoneal
route[6 (link)]. At the end of the study, blood samples were
obtained from the inferior vena cava of the rats, and heart, lung, liver and
kidney tissues were sampled and placed in formalin for pathological examination.
The blood samples obtained were centrifuged, and plasma was separated and stored
in the freezer at -80°C until biochemical analyses were performed. Silymarin
tablets were obtained from the pharmacy (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). A
silymarin tablet of 85% purity was dissolved with 1% dimethyl sulfoxide before
it was administered.
Koçarslan A., Koçarslan S., Aydin M.S., Gunay Ş., Karahan M.A., Taşkın A., Üstunel M, & Aksoy N. (2016). Intraperitoneal Administration of Silymarin Protects End Organs from Multivisceral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in a Rat Model. Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery, 31(6), 434-439.
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Publication 2016
Abdomen Albinism Animals Aorta Biological Factors BLOOD Food Formalin Heart Ischemia Laparotomy Light Liver Lung Operative Surgical Procedures Plasma Povidone Iodine Rats, Wistar Rattus norvegicus Regional Ethics Committees Reperfusion Silymarin Sulfoxide, Dimethyl Tablet Tissues Vaccines Vena Cavas, Inferior Veterinary Drugs Xylazine
5
Methodological Challenges in Integrative Oncology RCTs
Cited 4 times
Designing a randomized clinical trial (RCT) of IO care’s safety and efficacy, and not just a single agent treatment, faces several methodological challenges. First, federally-funded trials of IO care would require FDA approval to conduct research (INDs) for each element of IO care that involves a therapeutic substance (T. versicolor mushroom extract, mistletoe, curcumin, green tea, resveratrol, artemisinin, silymarin and melatonin to mention just a few commonly used IO treatments). Second, an IO RCT would require the development of a single standardized treatment algorithm that could be used as a strict protocol. Most IO clinics do not have strict standards of care or protocol guidelines of the sort needed for a definitive RCT, instead allowing providers to customize care to each individual patient. Third, once such a protocol is developed an estimated effect size for the protocol as a whole will be needed. If IO treatments are synergistic and their combination is more than the sum of their individual effects, this effect size could not be computed based on the effects found in single treatment studies. Estimates for conventional medicine RCTs examining behavioral and nutritional interventions commonly come from epidemiological research studies often conducted using non-randomized study designs and matched comparison groups.
There is also a potentially significant problem for an IO care RCT in patient recruitment. Patients already seeking IO care would be unlikely to enroll in a study with possible randomization to a non-treatment group. Similarly, those not already seeking IO care may be reluctant to sign up for randomization to IO activities they might find burdensome and that are not demonstrated to improve health.
Building strong evidence for efficacy of IO care may likely require RCTs. However, until we know more about the likely effects of IO care, we cannot proceed with RCTs. Therefore, it is appropriate to use other designs to create evidence to support an RCT proposal. For now, prospective outcomes studies using matched comparison women to assess the effects of IO care holistically via a health services approach may be most appropriate. The ethics of using clinical data collected from patients receiving reimbursed healthcare to evaluate those health services has been evaluated favorably. 24 (link)
Standish L.J., Sweet E., Naydis E, & Andersen M.R. (2012). Can we demonstrate that breast cancer “Integrative Oncology” is effective? A methodology to evaluate the effectiveness of integrative oncology offered in community clinics. Integrative cancer therapies, 12(2), 126-135.
Publication 2012
Agaricales artemisinine Curcumin Dietary Modification Face Green Tea Melatonin Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Resveratrol Safety Silymarin Viscum album Woman

Most recents protocols related to «Silymarin»

1
Silymarin's Effects on Sepsis-Induced Injury
The experimental groups were divided into 5 groups and 10 rats in each group. The characteristics of the groups are as follows: Group 1: Control Group, Group 2: has cecal ligation and perforation (CLP), Group 3: has 50 mg/kg of silymarin and CLP (SM50+CLP), Group 4: has 100 mg/kg of silymarin and CLP (SM100+CLP) and Group 5: has 200 mg/kg of silymarin and CLP (SM200+CLP).
Aydemir Celep N, & Gedikli S. (2023). Protective Effect of Silymarin on Liver in Experimental in the Sepsis Model of Rats. Acta Histochemica et Cytochemica, 56(1), 9-19.
Publication 2023
Cecum Ligation Rattus norvegicus Silymarin
2
Silymarin Modulation of Sepsis-Induced Organ Injury
Except for the control and CLP groups, silymarin (SIGMA S0292-10G) was given to the other groups in 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg doses with a gavage needle and orally. Silymarin serum was applied after being suspended in physiological water. An hour later, CLP was applied to the third, fourth, and fifth groups (Groups 3, 4, and 5). Oral-applied silymarin reaches the highest level in plasma within approximately 2–4 hr and it has a half-life of 6 hr [72 (link)]. The application of anesthetic material for the operation was given an hour before the silymarin operation because it slowed down the absorption of the drug. Only the CLP model was applied to the second group.
CLP is a method used to create septicemia in polymicrobial properties. The animals in the operation groups were anesthetized with xylazine (5 mg/kg) and ketamine hydrochloride (40 mg/kg). The rats were secured on the back, and the infiltration line of the abdomen was wiped twice with povidone-iodine solution, providing the antisepsis. The midline of the abdomen was opened with a 3 cm incision and the cecum was explored. The ligation was applied under the ileocecal valve with silk floss (3/0). The connected section was drilled twice with the standard injector tip measuring 18 gauge and tightened to allow some of the fecal matter to come out. Then, the cecum was placed in the abdomen and the abdomen was closed with the stapler in normal anatomical form.
In the CLP rat model, the perforation was constituted with 13, 16, 18, and 22 caliber injector tips and a 0.5 cm scalpel, and the mortality of the experimental subjects was assessed in the literature [45 (link)]. Therefore, we used an 18-gauge injector to obtain blood and liver tissue in this study before the rats died.
The operated animals were taken into postoperative care for 16 hr. At the end of 16 hr, 15 mg/kg xylazine and 100 mg/kg ketamine were administered intraperitoneally to all subjects. Thus, the reflexes of the anesthetized rats were controlled and an incision was made at the level of the abdominal diaphragm. The animals whose blood samples were taken from their hearts under deep anesthesia were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Then, the liver tissues of all animals were taken to a solution containing 10% formaldehyde for histopathological and immunohistochemical studies. The blood samples taken were used for biochemical analysis.
Aydemir Celep N, & Gedikli S. (2023). Protective Effect of Silymarin on Liver in Experimental in the Sepsis Model of Rats. Acta Histochemica et Cytochemica, 56(1), 9-19.
Publication 2023
Abdomen Abdominal Cavity Anesthesia Anesthetics Animals Antisepsis BLOOD Cecum Feces Formaldehyde Heart Ileocecal Valve Joint Dislocations Ketamine Ketamine Hydrochloride Ligation Liver Liver Function Tests Neck Needles Pharmaceutical Preparations physiology Plasma Postoperative Care Povidone Iodine Rattus norvegicus Reflex Septicemia Serum Silk Silymarin Tissues Tube Feeding Vaginal Diaphragm Xylazine
3
Protective Effect of Silymarin and CoQ10 against Carbofuran Toxicity

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Publication 2023
Aftercare Animals Carbofuran Ketamine Oil, Olive Rattus norvegicus Silymarin ubidecarenone
4
Isolation of High-Purity Silybin from Silymarin
We are grateful for the provision of silybin A/B by Dr. David Biedermann, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, in the Laboratory of Biotransformations, Prague. The preparation of silybin from silymarin has been described previously [13 (link)]. Briefly, 200 mg of silymarin (Liaoning Senrong Pharmaceutical Co., Panjin, China) was suspended in 10 mL of methanol. The insoluble silybin was filtered, and the filtrate was collected and applied to a SEPHADEX HL-20 colony (Sigma Aldrich, Schnelldorf, Germany). The isocratic method with a mobile phase of water/methanol/cyanomethane/formic acid in the ratio 2/37/61/0.1 was used. The flow rate of the mobile phase was 1.2 mL/min, and the detection was performed spectrophotometrically at 285 nm SYNERGY HT (Biotek, Winooski, VT, USA). The purity of the obtained silybin (mixture of two diastereoisomers A and B) was 95 %, as determined by HPLC PDA. For further analyses, silybin was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (Sigma Aldrich, Germany) to a 100 mM stock solution, which was subsequently diluted in the appropriate culture media.
Faixová D., Ratvaj M., Maruščáková I.C., Hrčková G., Karaffová V., Faixová Z, & Mudroňová D. (2023). Silybin Showed Higher Cytotoxic, Antiproliferative, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities in the CaCo Cancer Cell Line while Retaining Viability and Proliferation in Normal Intestinal IPEC-1 Cells. Life, 13(2), 492.
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Publication 2023
Acetonitriles Biotransformation Culture Media formic acid High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Methanol Pharmaceutical Preparations sephadex Silybin Silybin A Silymarin Sulfoxide, Dimethyl
5
Silymarin and Irinotecan Formulation Study
Silymarin (80%) was purchased from Sanjaing (Jiaxing, China). Irinotecan hydrochloride and SN-38 were purchased from Scino Pharm (Tainan, Taiwan). SN38G was purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Rapamycin was purchased from Chunghwa Chemical Synthesis and Biotech (New Taipei City, Taiwan). Capryol-90 was purchased from Gattefosse (Lyon, France). Tween 80 and camptothecin were purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). Cremophor EL was procured from Wei Ming Pharmaceutical (Taipei, Taiwan). Ascomycin was purchased from MedChemExpress (South Brunswick, NJ, USA). Soybean lecithin (Lipoid S-100) was purchased from Lipoid GmbH (Ludwigshafen, Germany). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium, fetal bovine serum, and horse serum were purchased from Corning (New York, NY, USA). Reagents used for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS/MS) were of HPLC or MS grade, and other reagents were of analytical grade.
Liu Y.H., Chen L.C., Cheng W.T., Wei P.S., Hsieh C.M., Sheu M.T., Lin S.Y., Ho H.O, & Lin H.L. (2023). Synergistic Combination of Irinotecan and Rapamycin Orally Delivered by Nanoemulsion for Enhancing Therapeutic Efficacy of Pancreatic Cancer. Pharmaceutics, 15(2), 473.
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Publication 2023
Caimans Camptothecin capryol-90 cremophor EL Eagle Equus caballus Fetal Bovine Serum High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies immunomycin Irinotecan Hydrochloride Lecithin Liquid Chromatography Pharmaceutical Preparations Serum Silymarin Sirolimus SN 38 Soybeans Tandem Mass Spectrometry Tween 80

Top products related to «Silymarin»

1
Silymarin by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, India, China, Italy
Silymarin is a standardized extract derived from the seeds of the milk thistle plant (Silybum marianum). It is a complex of flavonolignans, primarily composed of silybin, silydianin, and silychristin. Silymarin functions as a primary active ingredient in various laboratory and pharmaceutical applications.
2
Quercetin by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Italy, India, Spain, United Kingdom, France, Poland, China, Sao Tome and Principe, Australia, Brazil, Macao, Switzerland, Canada, Chile, Japan, Singapore, Ireland, Mexico, Portugal, Sweden, Malaysia, Hungary
Quercetin is a natural compound found in various plants, including fruits and vegetables. It is a type of flavonoid with antioxidant properties. Quercetin is often used as a reference standard in analytical procedures and research applications.
3
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Italy, Sao Tome and Principe, France, Macao, India, Canada, Switzerland, Japan, Australia, Spain, Poland, Belgium, Brazil, Czechia, Portugal, Austria, Denmark, Israel, Sweden, Ireland, Hungary, Mexico, Netherlands, Singapore, Indonesia, Slovakia, Cameroon, Norway, Thailand, Chile, Finland, Malaysia, Latvia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Pakistan, Uruguay, Bangladesh
DMSO is a versatile organic solvent commonly used in laboratory settings. It has a high boiling point, low viscosity, and the ability to dissolve a wide range of polar and non-polar compounds. DMSO's core function is as a solvent, allowing for the effective dissolution and handling of various chemical substances during research and experimentation.
4
Methanol by Merck Group
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Methanol is a clear, colorless, and flammable liquid that is widely used in various industrial and laboratory applications. It serves as a solvent, fuel, and chemical intermediate. Methanol has a simple chemical formula of CH3OH and a boiling point of 64.7°C. It is a versatile compound that is widely used in the production of other chemicals, as well as in the fuel industry.
5
Fetal bovine serum (fbs) by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, China, United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, Japan, Canada, Italy, France, Switzerland, New Zealand, Brazil, Belgium, India, Spain, Israel, Austria, Poland, Ireland, Sweden, Macao, Netherlands, Denmark, Cameroon, Singapore, Portugal, Argentina, Holy See (Vatican City State), Morocco, Uruguay, Mexico, Thailand, Sao Tome and Principe, Hungary, Panama, Hong Kong, Norway, United Arab Emirates, Czechia, Russian Federation, Chile, Moldova, Republic of, Gabon, Palestine, State of, Saudi Arabia, Senegal
Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.
6
Ascorbic acid by Merck Group
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Ascorbic acid is a chemical compound commonly known as Vitamin C. It is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a role in various physiological processes. As a laboratory product, ascorbic acid is used as a reducing agent, antioxidant, and pH regulator in various applications.
7
Gallic acid by Merck Group
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Gallic acid is a naturally occurring organic compound that can be used as a laboratory reagent. It is a white to light tan crystalline solid with the chemical formula C6H2(OH)3COOH. Gallic acid is commonly used in various analytical and research applications.
8
Carboxymethylcellulose by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, India, United Kingdom, Sao Tome and Principe, France, Italy, Singapore, Ireland, Spain, Canada, China, Malaysia, Australia
Carboxymethylcellulose is a water-soluble cellulose derivative used as a thickening agent, stabilizer, and emulsifier in various laboratory applications. It is a white to off-white, odorless, and tasteless powder that can be easily dispersed in water to form a clear, viscous solution.
9
Rutin by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Italy, France, China, Spain, India, Australia, Poland, United Kingdom, Sao Tome and Principe, Ireland, Brazil, Portugal, Canada, Switzerland, Japan
Rutin is a laboratory reagent used for analytical and research purposes. It is a flavonoid compound derived from various plant sources. Rutin exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and is commonly used in assays, chromatography, and other analytical techniques.
10
Chloroform by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, India, Italy, Spain, France, Canada, Switzerland, China, Australia, Brazil, Poland, Ireland, Sao Tome and Principe, Chile, Japan, Belgium, Portugal, Netherlands, Macao, Singapore, Sweden, Czechia, Cameroon, Austria, Pakistan, Indonesia, Israel, Malaysia, Norway, Mexico, Hungary, New Zealand, Argentina
Chloroform is a colorless, volatile liquid with a characteristic sweet odor. It is a commonly used solvent in a variety of laboratory applications, including extraction, purification, and sample preparation processes. Chloroform has a high density and is immiscible with water, making it a useful solvent for a range of organic compounds.

More about "Silymarin"

Silymarin, a complex of flavonolignans derived from the milk thistle plant (Silybum marianum), has garnered significant attention in the scientific community due to its remarkable pharmacological properties.
This potent antioxidant and hepatoprotective agent has demonstrated notable effects on liver function and regeneration, making it a subject of extensive research for potential therapeutic applications in liver diseases, cancer, and various other conditions.
Researchers can leverage the power of PubCompare.ai, a leading platform that optimizes Silymarin studies by providing access to the most reliable research protocols from literature, preprints, and patents.
The AI-driven comparisons offered by PubCompare.ai help identify the best methodologies and products, enhancing the reproducibility and accuracy of Silymarin research and accelerating the path to successful outcomes.
In addition to Silymarin, other compounds such as Quercetin, DMSO, Methanol, FBS, Ascorbic acid, Gallic acid, Carboxymethylcellulose, Rutin, and Chloroform have been explored in the context of Silymarin research.
These related terms and substances can provide valuable insights and contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the subject matter.
By incorporating synonyms, related terms, abbreviations, and key subtopics, this SEO-optimized content aims to deliver a informative, clear, and easy-to-read resource for researchers and individuals interested in the fascinating world of Silymarin and its potential therapeutic applications.
Remember, a single typo, such as 'experince' instead of 'experience', can add a natural touch to the text.