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Sodium Alginate

Sodium alginate is a versatile polysaccharide derived from brown seaweed, widely used in various industries due to its unique gelling, thickening, and stabilizing properties.
It is commonly employed in food, pharmaceutical, and biomedical applications, such as in the production of emulsions, suspensions, and controlled-release drug formulations.
Sodium alginate exhibits excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and wound-healing properties, making it a valuable biomaterial for tissue engineering and wound management.
Researchers continiously explore new applications and optimize protocols for utilizing sodium alginate to enhance its performance and expand its utility across diverse fields.
This MeSH term provides a concise overview of the key characteristics and uses of this important natural polymer.

Most cited protocols related to «Sodium Alginate»

1
Whole-Cell Catalysis: Analytics of Bioderived Products
Cited 21 times
In whole-cell catalysis bioprocess, xylose, erythritol, 1,3-propylene glycol (1,3-PG), and 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HPA) were obtained from Aladdin. Xylonic acid (XA) was purchased from TRC-Canada, erythrulose and yeast extract were procured from Sigma. All other chemicals including nutrient salts and sodium alginate were of analytical grade and were commercially available.
The concentration of xylose and XA were detected by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) coupled with pulsed amperometric detector (Thermo ICS-5000). NaOH (100 mM) was used as mobile phase at flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The separation column used was CarboPac™ PA200. The titer of erythritol, erythrulose, 1,3-PG and 3-HPA were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Agilent 1100 series) equipped with Carbohydrate Ca++ 8um HyperRez XP Column and deionized water, after ultrasound, was used as mobile phase at 0.6 mL/min.
Five parallel assays were performed for each experiment.
Hua X., Zhou X., Du G, & Xu Y. (2020). Resolving the formidable barrier of oxygen transferring rate (OTR) in ultrahigh-titer bioconversion/biocatalysis by a sealed-oxygen supply biotechnology (SOS). Biotechnology for Biofuels, 13, 1.
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Publication 2020
3-hydroxypropionaldehyde Anions Biological Assay Carbohydrates Catalysis Cells Chromatography Erythritol erythrulose High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies hydracrylic acid Nutrients Propylene Glycol Salts Sodium Alginate Ultrasonics xylonic acid Xylose Yeast, Dried
2
Magnetic nanoparticle-based interstitial probes
Cited 21 times
Alginate probes were prepared using extrusion methods [18 (link)], [19 (link)]. Briefly, 1% sodium alginate in water functioned as the anionic solution and 2% calcium chloride containing 1% carboxymethylcellulose functioned as the cationic solution. Functionalized mNPs [12 ] (Micromod, 100 nm hydrodynamic diameter, iron oxide, dextran coated) were added to the cationic solution to achieve 1 mg/ml concentration. Droplets of the cationic solution were injected into 100 ml of anionic solution under constant stirring to generate hollow core beads. After alginate beads formed, they were rinsed with 2% calcium chloride three times, and incubated in 0.01% calcium solution at 4 °C. The resulting probes proved stable for two months. For spectroscopic measurements, calcium-alginated beads containing around 300 μg mNP were used.
We used blood as a surrogate for the interstitial in vivo environment. Blood contains most of the chemical complexities of the in vivo environment: the antibodies, enzymes, and a host of other proteins large and small present in vivo are all present in blood. Other biological samples are generally less problematic: urea, saliva, tissue, and so on. Blood is also the most commonly collected biological sample and has the most complicated composition. It has been shown that mNPs were readily taken in by cells resulting in a lower MSB signal [11 ]. Whole blood was harvested in an eppendorf tube containing heparin from the vena cava of euthanized C57BL/6 mice using a 3 mL syringe and a 25G needle. The whole blood was spun at 4500 r/min for 20 min at 4 °C, and the supernatant was used for experiments as plasma.
The spectroscopic measurements for the probe data were acquired at 1270 Hz on our original apparatus [9 ]–[12 ]. The ratio of the fifth over the third harmonics of the mNP magnetization was used as a concentration-independent metric [9 ], [10 (link)].
In the second arm of this paper, we tested the sensitivity of a recently introduced spectrometer that measures the magnetization perpendicular to the oscillating applied field. The perpendicular magnetization is induced by applying a small static field perpendicular to the oscillating applied field [20 (link)].
Zhang X., Reeves D., Shi Y., Gimi B., Nemani K.V., Perreard I.M., Toraya-Brown S., Fiering S, & Weaver J.B. (2015). Toward Localized In Vivo Biomarker Concentration Measurements. IEEE transactions on magnetics, 51(2), 1-4.
Publication 2015
Alginate Antibodies Biopharmaceuticals BLOOD Blood Substitutes Calcium, Dietary Calcium chloride Carboxymethylcellulose Cations Cells Dextran Enzymes ferric oxide Heparin Hydrodynamics Hypersensitivity Mice, Inbred C57BL Needles Plasma Saliva Sodium Alginate Spectrum Analysis Staphylococcal Protein A Syringes Tissues Urea Venae Cavae
3
Synthesis and Characterization of RGD- and PEG-modified Alginate
Cited 8 times
Sodium alginate rich in guluronic acid blocks and with a high molecular weight (280 kDa, LF20/40) was purchased from FMC Biopolymer, and was prepared as has been described previously3 (link). Briefly, high molecular weight alginate was irradiated by a 3 or 8 Mrad Cobalt source to produce lower molecular weight alginates. RGD-alginate was prepared by coupling the oligopeptide GGGGRGDSP (Peptides International) to the alginate using carbodiimide chemistry at concentrations such that 2 or 20 RGD peptides were coupled to 1 alginate chain on average for high molecular weight alginate (peptide molar concentrations in low molecular weight alginates were kept the same according to high molecular weight alginate for each degree of substitution, respectively). For FRET experiments, either GGGGRGDASSK(carboxyfluorescein)Y or GGGGRGDASSK(Carboxytetramethylrhodamine)Y were used instead of standard RGD peptide sequence, and were coupled at a concentration of 2 peptides per alginate chain on average for high molecular weight alginate (peptide molar concentrations in low molecular weight alginates were kept the same according to high molecular weight alginate). The coupling efficiency using this procedure was previously characterized using 125I labeled RGD peptides3 (link). These correspond to densities of 150 μM and 1500 μM RGD in a 2% wt/vol alginate gel. Alginate was dialyzed against deionized water for 2–3 days (molecular weight cutoff of 3.5 kDa), treated with activated charcoal, sterile filtered, lyophilized, and then reconstituted in serum free DMEM (Life Technologies).
Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-alginate was prepared by coupling PEG-amine (5 kDa, Laysan Bio) to the low molecular weight alginate (35 kDa) using carbodiimide chemistry with a similar procedure to the RGD coupling3 (link). In brief, 295 mg of PEG-amine was mixed with 50 mL of 10 mg/mL alginate in 0.1 M MES (2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid, Sigma-Aldrich) buffer at pH 6.5. Then 242 mg of EDC (N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, Sigma-Aldrich) and 137 mg of Sulfo-NHS (N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide, Thermo Fisher Scientific) were added into the solution. The reaction was carried out for 20 hours under constant stirring. The product was dialyzed against deionized water for 3 days (molecular weight cutoff of 10 kDa), filtered with activated charcoal, sterile filtered, and lyophilized. The structure of the PEG-alginate was confirmed with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Based on the change of molecular weight of alginate before and after PEG coupling (from 35 kDa to 45 kDa), an average of 2 PEG molecules were coupled to 1 alginate chain. This number was confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy (Supplementary Fig. S14).
Chaudhuri O., Gu L., Klumpers D., Darnell M., Bencherif S.A., Weaver J.C., Huebsch N., Lee H.P., Lippens E., Duda G.N, & Mooney D.J. (2015). Hydrogels with tunable stress relaxation regulate stem cell fate and activity. Nature materials, 15(3), 326-334.
Publication 2015
2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid Alginate Alginates Amines Biopolymers Buffers Carbodiimides carboxyfluorescein Charcoal, Activated Cobalt Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Gel Chromatography guluronic acid Magnetic Resonance Imaging Molar N-hydroxysulfosuccimide N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide Oligopeptides Peptides Polyethylene Glycols Serum Sodium Alginate Spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Strains
4
Synthesis and Characterization of RGD- and PEG-modified Alginate
Cited 8 times
Sodium alginate rich in guluronic acid blocks and with a high molecular weight (280 kDa, LF20/40) was purchased from FMC Biopolymer, and was prepared as has been described previously3 (link). Briefly, high molecular weight alginate was irradiated by a 3 or 8 Mrad Cobalt source to produce lower molecular weight alginates. RGD-alginate was prepared by coupling the oligopeptide GGGGRGDSP (Peptides International) to the alginate using carbodiimide chemistry at concentrations such that 2 or 20 RGD peptides were coupled to 1 alginate chain on average for high molecular weight alginate (peptide molar concentrations in low molecular weight alginates were kept the same according to high molecular weight alginate for each degree of substitution, respectively). For FRET experiments, either GGGGRGDASSK(carboxyfluorescein)Y or GGGGRGDASSK(Carboxytetramethylrhodamine)Y were used instead of standard RGD peptide sequence, and were coupled at a concentration of 2 peptides per alginate chain on average for high molecular weight alginate (peptide molar concentrations in low molecular weight alginates were kept the same according to high molecular weight alginate). The coupling efficiency using this procedure was previously characterized using 125I labeled RGD peptides3 (link). These correspond to densities of 150 μM and 1500 μM RGD in a 2% wt/vol alginate gel. Alginate was dialyzed against deionized water for 2–3 days (molecular weight cutoff of 3.5 kDa), treated with activated charcoal, sterile filtered, lyophilized, and then reconstituted in serum free DMEM (Life Technologies).
Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-alginate was prepared by coupling PEG-amine (5 kDa, Laysan Bio) to the low molecular weight alginate (35 kDa) using carbodiimide chemistry with a similar procedure to the RGD coupling3 (link). In brief, 295 mg of PEG-amine was mixed with 50 mL of 10 mg/mL alginate in 0.1 M MES (2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid, Sigma-Aldrich) buffer at pH 6.5. Then 242 mg of EDC (N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, Sigma-Aldrich) and 137 mg of Sulfo-NHS (N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide, Thermo Fisher Scientific) were added into the solution. The reaction was carried out for 20 hours under constant stirring. The product was dialyzed against deionized water for 3 days (molecular weight cutoff of 10 kDa), filtered with activated charcoal, sterile filtered, and lyophilized. The structure of the PEG-alginate was confirmed with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Based on the change of molecular weight of alginate before and after PEG coupling (from 35 kDa to 45 kDa), an average of 2 PEG molecules were coupled to 1 alginate chain. This number was confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy (Supplementary Fig. S14).
Chaudhuri O., Gu L., Klumpers D., Darnell M., Bencherif S.A., Weaver J.C., Huebsch N., Lee H.P., Lippens E., Duda G.N, & Mooney D.J. (2015). Hydrogels with tunable stress relaxation regulate stem cell fate and activity. Nature materials, 15(3), 326-334.
Publication 2015
2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid Alginate Alginates Amines Biopolymers Buffers Carbodiimides carboxyfluorescein Charcoal, Activated Cobalt Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Gel Chromatography guluronic acid Magnetic Resonance Imaging Molar N-hydroxysulfosuccimide N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide Oligopeptides Peptides Polyethylene Glycols Serum Sodium Alginate Spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Strains
5
Photopolymerized Hydrogels for hMSC Encapsulation
Cited 8 times
Previously described methods were used to synthesize MeHA30 (~92% methacrylation) from sodium hyaluronate (Lifecore), MeAlg (~70% modification) from sodium alginate (Sigma), and MeDex (~50% modification) from dextran (Sigma). MeMaHA with ~14% and ~10.5% methacrylate and maleimide modification, respectively, was synthesized via the coupling of the tetrabutylammonium salt of NaHA (HA-TBA) with 2-amino methacrylate hydrochloride (Sigma) and 2-amino maleimide trifluoroacetate salt (Sigma) (Supplementary Fig. S20). The chemical structures and 1H NMR spectra of MeHA, MeAlg, MeDex and MeMaHA are provided in Supplementary Fig. S21, Supplementary Fig. S22, Supplementary Fig. S23, and Supplementary Fig. S24, respectively. The integrin binding peptide GCGYRGDSPG (Genscript; italics indicates cell adhesive domain) was conjugated to MeHA, MeAlg, and MeDex (754 µM, matching that used in the described physically crosslinked alginate studies), and to MeMaHA (1 mM) via 30 min reaction in pH 8.0 PBS at 25 °C prior to crosslinking. Passage 3 hMSCs (Lonza) were encapsulated either into MeMaHA (1 million hMSCs ml−1) hydrogels using Michael addition reactions between MeMaHA maleimides and the MMP degradable peptide GCRDVPMS↓MRGGDRCG (Genscript; down arrow indicates cleavage site by MMP-2), or into MeHA, MeAlg, or MeDex (15 million hMSCs ml−1) using photo-initiated free radical polymerization (Exfo Omnicure S1000 lamp with a 320–390 nm filter, exposure of 10 mW cm−2 for 5 min) in the presence of 0.05 wt% Irgacure 2959 (I2959; Ciba), a photoinitiator chosen for its aqueous solubility and good cytocompatibility38 (link). For CD44 blocking studies, hMSCs were incubated with anti-CD44 (3/1000, mouse mAb CD44, Abcam) in a buffer (2 mM EDTA and 2% FBS in PBS) for 45 min on ice, washed twice in buffer, and resuspended in growth media prior to encapsulation. All gels were transferred to FBS-supplemented MEM-α (Invitrogen). MeMaHA hydrogels were secondarily photopolymerized at day 0 (“D0 UV”) or day 7 (“D7 UV”) by incubating with I2959 and exposing to UV light as described above. The elastic modulus of the hydrogels was measured via parallel plate compression testing at 10% ramped strain min−1 as previously reported27 (link). For differentiation studies, following 7 days of incubation in growth media, hydrogels were transferred to a 1:1 mixture of adipogenic:osteogenic media (R&D Systems), with media changes every 3 days. For ROCK inhibition studies, selected −UV gels were treated with 10 µM Y-27632 (Sigma) daily during either the growth media (day 1–7) or mixed media (day 7–21) incubation periods.
Khetan S., Guvendiren M., Legant W.R., Cohen D.M., Chen C.S, & Burdick J.A. (2013). Degradation-mediated cellular traction directs stem cell fate in covalently crosslinked three-dimensional hydrogels. Nature materials, 12(5), 458-465.
Publication 2013
1H NMR 2-hydroxy-1-(4-(hydroxyethoxy)phenyl)-2-methyl-1-propanone Adipogenesis Alginate Buffers CD44 protein, human Cells Culture Media Cytokinesis Dextran Edetic Acid Free Radicals Gels Hydrogels Integrins maleimide Maleimides Methacrylate MMP2 protein, human Mus Osteogenesis Peptides Polymerization Psychological Inhibition Sodium Alginate Sodium Chloride Sodium Hyaluronate Strains tetrabutylammonium Trifluoroacetate Y 27632

Most recents protocols related to «Sodium Alginate»

1
Photosensitive Hydrogel Formulation for 3D Printing
Not available on PMC !

Example 5

An example of the composition of a liquid photoresponsive material optimized for volumetric additive manufacturing to produce soft hydrogel structure 15s is given below:

    • stirring 0.1 wt. % of calcium sulphate in distilled water
    • Adding 5 wt % of Polyethylene glycol diacrylate 20 kDa in solution prepared above
    • Adding Lithium Phenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphinate so that its concentration in the solution is 2.44 mol·m−3
    • Mixing the solution
    • Adding 1.2 Wt. % of sodium alginate

US11872746B2. Photoresponsive materials for volumetric additive manufacturing (2024-01-16). Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL) [CH]. Inventors: Paul Delrot [CH], Damien Loterie [CH], Christophe Moser [CH].
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Patent 2024
Calcium Sulfate Hydrogels Lithium poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate Sodium Alginate
2
Encapsulating Recombinant Cells in Calcium Alginate Fibers
The recombinant cells were cultured and collected as the above description, and mixed with sodium alginate solutions of different concentrations (0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, w/v). The mixture was then pumped into calcium chloride solutions of different concentrations (1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0%, w/v). The flow rate was 60 mL/h. Incubate at room temperature for different period (20 min, 40 min, 60 min, 80 min, 100 min) to obtain calcium alginate fibers containing recombinant cells.
Jia Q., Zhang H., Zhao A., Qu L., Xiong W., Alam M.A., Miao J., Wang W., Li F., Xu J, & Lv Y. (2023). Produce D-allulose from non-food biomass by integrating corn stalk hydrolysis with whole-cell catalysis. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 11, 1156953.
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Publication 2023
Calcium Alginate Calcium chloride Cells Sodium Alginate
3
Optimizing Recombinant Protein and D-Allulose Production
The process optimization was carried out by single factor optimization. Recombinant protein expression, induction time (4–20 h) and IPTG concentration (0.001–0.5 mM) were optimized stepwise following the previous descriptions (Lv et al., 2017 (link)). For cell immobilization, calcium chloride concentration (1.0%–3.0%), sodium alginate concentration (0.1%–2.0%), cell dosage (OD600 = 10–35), and immobilization time (20–100 min) were optimized stepwise. For the D-allulose production, D-glucose concentration (20–60 g/L), reaction temperature (55–75°C), and reaction time (2–12 h) were optimized stepwise. All the bioconversions were carried out in pure water at natural pH (around 7.5). For each bioconversion, triplicated biological repeats were carried out in 250-mL shaking flasks. The statical analysis and graphing were performed using Origin Lab software (OriginLab Corporation, Northampton, MA).
Jia Q., Zhang H., Zhao A., Qu L., Xiong W., Alam M.A., Miao J., Wang W., Li F., Xu J, & Lv Y. (2023). Produce D-allulose from non-food biomass by integrating corn stalk hydrolysis with whole-cell catalysis. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 11, 1156953.
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Publication 2023
Biopharmaceuticals Calcium chloride Cells Glucose Immobilization Isopropyl Thiogalactoside psicose Recombinant Proteins Sodium Alginate
4
Iron Regulation in Airway Epithelial Cells
BEAS-2B cells were grown in 12-well plates and exposed (3 wells per plate each) to (a) media alone, (b) 200 μM FAC, (c) 1000 μg/mL NAN (the predominant sialic acid in human cells and respiratory secretions), 1000 μg/mL sodium alginate (a polymer composed of mannuronate and guluronate monosaccharides), 1000 μM sodium guluronate (a uronate), or 1000 μM sodium hyaluronate (a polymer of disaccharides composed of glucuronate and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine) and (d) both 200 μM FAC and 1000 μg/mL NAN, 1000 μg/mL sodium alginate, 1000 μM sodium guluronate, or 1000 μM sodium hyaluronate. After 24 h incubation, the cells were gently washed, scraped into 10% trichloroacetic acid dissolved in 1.0 mL of 3 N HCl, digested at 70 °C, and non-heme iron concentrations were determined using ICPOES operated at a wavelength of 238.204 nm. Exposures of the BEAS-2B cells were repeated to (a) media alone, (b) 200 μM FAC, (c) 1000 μg/mL sodium alginate, and (d) both 200 μM FAC and sodium alginate for 24 h, the media was removed, cells were scraped into 0.5 mL DPBS and disrupted, and the ferritin concentrations quantified using an immunoturbidimetric assay.
Ghio A.J., Soukup J.M., Dailey L.A, & Roggli V.L. (2023). Mucus increases cell iron uptake to impact the release of pro-inflammatory mediators after particle exposure. Scientific Reports, 13, 3925.
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Publication 2023
Cells Disaccharides Ferritin Glucosamine Glucuronate Heme Homo sapiens Immunoturbidimetric Assay Iron Monosaccharides N-Acetylneuraminic Acid Polymers Respiratory Rate Secretions, Bodily Sodium Sodium Alginate Sodium Hyaluronate Trichloroacetic Acid
5
Alginate-LDH Hydrogel Bead Synthesis
In a typical procedure, 0.2 g of sodium alginate was mixed with
30 mL of ultrapure water in a 100 mL beaker with constant magnetic
stirring. One gram of the prepared Mg/Al LDH was added to the solution
and mixed for 2 h at 25 °C. The solution was subsequently added
dropwise to a 250 mL beaker containing 100 mL of 0.3 mol/L Ca(NO3)2·6H2O to produce hydrogel beads
(LB). The prepared beads were stirred for 10 min, filtered, washed
with ultrapure water, and then dried in a freeze dryer for 24 h.
Singha Roy A., Kesavan Pillai S, & Ray S.S. (2023). A Comparison of Nitrate Release from Zn/Al-, Mg/Al-, and Mg–Zn/Al Layered Double Hydroxides and Composite Beads: Utilization as Slow-Release Fertilizers. ACS Omega, 8(9), 8427-8440.
Publication 2023
Desiccation Freezing Hydrogels Sodium Alginate

Top products related to «Sodium Alginate»

1
Sodium alginate by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, India, China, France, Spain, Poland, Canada, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Sao Tome and Principe, Czechia, Switzerland, Denmark, Macao, Taiwan, Province of China, Australia, Brazil, Singapore
Sodium alginate is a naturally-derived, water-soluble polysaccharide that is commonly used as a thickening, stabilizing, and gelling agent in various laboratory applications. It is extracted from brown seaweed and is known for its ability to form viscous solutions and gels when combined with water. Sodium alginate is a versatile material that can be utilized in a range of laboratory procedures and formulations.
2
Calcium chloride by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, India, Italy, Spain, China, France, Macao, Canada, Sao Tome and Principe, Switzerland, Belgium, Japan, Norway, Brazil, Singapore, Australia
Calcium chloride is a salt compound that is commonly used in various laboratory applications. It is a white, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water. The core function of calcium chloride is to serve as a desiccant, absorbing moisture from the surrounding environment. It is also used as a source of calcium ions in chemical reactions and analyses.
3
Chitosan by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, India, Italy, China, Poland, France, Spain, Sao Tome and Principe, Canada, Macao, Brazil, Singapore, Ireland, Iceland, Australia, Japan, Switzerland, Israel, Malaysia, Portugal, Mexico, Denmark, Egypt, Czechia, Belgium
Chitosan is a natural biopolymer derived from the exoskeletons of crustaceans, such as shrimp and crabs. It is a versatile material with various applications in the field of laboratory equipment. Chitosan exhibits unique properties, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, and antimicrobial activity. It can be utilized in the development of a wide range of lab equipment, such as filters, membranes, and sorbents, due to its ability to interact with various substances and its potential for customization.
4
Fetal bovine serum (fbs) by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, China, United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, Japan, Canada, Italy, France, Switzerland, New Zealand, Brazil, Belgium, India, Spain, Israel, Austria, Poland, Ireland, Sweden, Macao, Netherlands, Denmark, Cameroon, Singapore, Portugal, Argentina, Holy See (Vatican City State), Morocco, Uruguay, Mexico, Thailand, Sao Tome and Principe, Hungary, Panama, Hong Kong, Norway, United Arab Emirates, Czechia, Russian Federation, Chile, Moldova, Republic of, Gabon, Palestine, State of, Saudi Arabia, Senegal
Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.
5
Sodium hydroxide (naoh) by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, India, United Kingdom, Italy, China, Spain, France, Australia, Canada, Poland, Switzerland, Singapore, Belgium, Sao Tome and Principe, Ireland, Sweden, Brazil, Israel, Mexico, Macao, Chile, Japan, Hungary, Malaysia, Denmark, Portugal, Indonesia, Netherlands, Czechia, Finland, Austria, Romania, Pakistan, Cameroon, Egypt, Greece, Bulgaria, Norway, Colombia, New Zealand, Lithuania
Sodium hydroxide is a chemical compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white, odorless, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water and is a strong base. It is commonly used in various laboratory applications as a reagent.
6
Cacl2 by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Canada, France, Switzerland, Italy, China, Ireland, Israel, Spain, Sweden, India, Australia, Macao, Brazil, Poland, Sao Tome and Principe, Denmark, Belgium
CaCl2 is a chemical compound commonly known as calcium chloride. It is a white, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water. CaCl2 is a versatile laboratory reagent used in various applications, such as precipitation reactions, desiccation, and control of ionic strength. Its core function is to provide a source of calcium ions (Ca2+) and chloride ions (Cl-) for experimental and analytical purposes.
7
Gelatin by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, China, Italy, United Kingdom, France, Canada, Switzerland, Sao Tome and Principe, Australia, Spain, Macao, Japan, Poland, India, Belgium, Sweden, Czechia, Denmark
Gelatin is a natural, water-soluble protein derived from the partial hydrolysis of collagen. It is commonly used as a gelling agent, thickener, and stabilizer in various food and pharmaceutical applications.
8
Sodium chloride (nacl) by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, India, Italy, France, Spain, China, Canada, Sao Tome and Principe, Poland, Belgium, Australia, Switzerland, Macao, Denmark, Ireland, Brazil, Japan, Hungary, Sweden, Netherlands, Czechia, Portugal, Israel, Singapore, Norway, Cameroon, Malaysia, Greece, Austria, Chile, Indonesia
NaCl is a chemical compound commonly known as sodium chloride. It is a white, crystalline solid that is widely used in various industries, including pharmaceutical and laboratory settings. NaCl's core function is to serve as a basic, inorganic salt that can be used for a variety of applications in the lab environment.
9
Hydrochloric acid (hcl) by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, United Kingdom, India, Italy, France, Spain, Australia, China, Poland, Switzerland, Canada, Ireland, Japan, Singapore, Sao Tome and Principe, Malaysia, Brazil, Hungary, Chile, Belgium, Denmark, Macao, Mexico, Sweden, Indonesia, Romania, Czechia, Egypt, Austria, Portugal, Netherlands, Greece, Panama, Kenya, Finland, Israel, Hong Kong, New Zealand, Norway
Hydrochloric acid is a commonly used laboratory reagent. It is a clear, colorless, and highly corrosive liquid with a pungent odor. Hydrochloric acid is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride gas.
10
Sodium alginate by Sinopharm
Sourced in China, Saudi Arabia
Sodium alginate is a naturally occurring polysaccharide derived from brown seaweed. It is a white to yellowish-brown powder that is soluble in water. Sodium alginate is commonly used as a thickening, stabilizing, and gelling agent in various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.

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