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Span 60

Span 60 is a nonionic surfactnat commonly used in pharmaceutical and cosmetc formulations.
It is composed of polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate and is known for its emulsifying, solubilizing, and wetting properties.
Span 60 has been utilized in a variety of applications, including drug delivery systems, topical preparations, and food products.
Researchers may consult the available literature to optimize the use of Span 60 in their studies and ensure reproducibility and accuracy of research protocols.

Most cited protocols related to «Span 60»

Metformin Hydrochloride Formulation

Cited 8 times

Metformin Hydrochloride (HCl), El-Nasr Pharmaceutical Chemical Co, Egypt, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) 40,000 of research grade was gifted from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (USA). Span 60 of research grade was gifted from Atlas Chemise, IC GmbH (Germany). All other chemicals were of analytical grade and were used as received.

Mady O.Y., Donia A.A., Al-Shoubki A.A, & Qasim W. (2019). Paracellular Pathway Enhancement of Metformin Hydrochloride via Molecular Dispersion in Span 60 Microparticles. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 10, 713.

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Publication 2019

Metformin Hydrochloride Pharmaceutical Preparations Povidone Span 60

Improved DGR Identification with MyDGR

Cited 8 times

MyDGR is built upon an improved version of DGRscan we previously developed (15 (link)). As shown in Figure 1A, a minimal DGR system consists of a RT gene and a TR-VR pair, and DGRscan was devised based on finding these core components. In particular, MyDGR uses the de novo search function in DGRscan (see Figure 1B). Given an input nucleotide sequence, MyDGR first identifies putative RT genes by searching the translated nucleotide sequence against a protein database of 155 RT proteins (21 ) (using blastx). If it finds putative RT genes, it then scans in the neighborhood of each of these putative RT genes (10 kb in both ends), searching for segments that potentially form a TR-VR pair: two repeats that are similar to each other spanning at least 60 bp with seven or more substitutions involving adenines in one of the repeats (i.e. the TR), allowing only a small fraction (≤30%) of the substitutions to be involved in non-As in the putative TR. Although rare, TR and VR may be on opposite strands in some genomes (3 (link),19 (link))—myDGR does not limit its search for TR–VR pairs on the same strand. A dynamic programming algorithm is used for aligning the candidate TR-VR pairs; however, to speed up the alignment process, a full dynamic programming is called only when a seed match of at least 60 bp (without indels) is found between two candidate segments. We also note that using putative RT as the constraint not only significantly reduces the search space of TR-VR pairs, but also helps eliminate potential false DGRs.

Sharifi F, & Ye Y. (2019). MyDGR: a server for identification and characterization of diversity-generating retroelements. Nucleic Acids Research, 47(W1), W289-W294.

Publication 2019

Adenine Amino Acid Sequence Base Sequence Genes Genome INDEL Mutation Nucleotides Proteins Radionuclide Imaging Span 60 Staphylococcal Protein A

Cloning and Purification of ParB Protein

Cited 8 times

The ParB gene (residues 1–139) was PCR-amplified from plasmid YB411 (21 (link)) with primers WTF1 (5′-ATATACCATGGCTGATCGCACGGTTGC-3′; the restriction site is underlined) and WTR139 (5′-CCGCAAGCTTGCTTCCCAGTGGGCGCCCG-3′) and cloned into pET28a using NcoI and HindIII sites. The full-length ParB protein contains a non-cleavable six-His-tag at the C-terminus encoded in the plasmid. ParB fragments spanning residues 60–139, 65–139 and 65–135 were generated with primers PF60 (5′-GCCCGAAGCTTCGGAGCCCCGAGGGGCGCG-3′) and PR139 (5′-CCGGAATTCTTAGCTTCCCAGTGGGCGCCCGC-3′), PF65 (5′-GCCCGAAGCTTCCGCGCGTTCTGAGGTCAAGAT-3′) and PR139 and PF65 and PR135 (5′-CCGGAATTCTTAGCGCCCGCGAGTAACGCCTCG-3′), respectively. The fragments were cloned into a modified pET-Duet1 plasmid (Novagen) using HindIII and EcoRI sites, in which ParB was fused to an upstream six-His-tagged DsbA with a PreScission-cleavable linker.
All proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli BL21-Gold (DE3) induced with 0.2 mM isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside at 16°C. Harvested cells were resuspended in buffer P300 (300 mM KCl and 50 mM phosphate, pH 7.6) and lysed by sonication. Cell lysate was clarified by centrifugation and loaded onto a HisTrap column (GE Healthcare). After a wash with 25 mM imidazole in P300, bound protein was eluted with 500 mM imidazole in P300 and pooled. The six-His-DsbA tag was cleaved from the ParB fragments by PreScission protease. ParB was loaded onto a heparin column (GE Healthcare) and eluted at ∼300 mM KCl in a gradient from 50 to 1000 mM KCl in buffer H (20 mM HEPES, pH 7.6). The protein was further purified with a Superdex 200 gel filtration column in a buffer containing 5 mM HEPES-K, pH 7.6, and 100 mM KCl. The protein monomer concentration was measured by its absorbance at 280 nm using a molar extinction coefficient of 2980 M⁻¹ cm⁻¹ for all ParB constructs. This value was calculated on the basis of amino acid composition. The protein was concentrated to 20 mg/ml in buffer containing 5 mM HEPES-K, pH 7.6, and 100 mM KCl and stored at −80°C as aliquots. The molar concentration of ParB protein is expressed for its dimeric form.

Huang L., Yin P., Zhu X., Zhang Y, & Ye K. (2010). Crystal structure and centromere binding of the plasmid segregation protein ParB from pCXC100. Nucleic Acids Research, 39(7), 2954-2968.

Publication 2010

Amino Acids Buffers Cells Centrifugation Deoxyribonuclease EcoRI EP300 protein, human Escherichia coli Extinction, Psychological Gel Chromatography Genes Gold Heparin HEPES imidazole Molar Oligonucleotide Primers Peptide Hydrolases Phosphates Plasmids Proteins Span 60

Cefdinir Niosomes Prepared via Sonication

Cited 5 times

Cefdinir niosomes were prepared using sonication method.[10 (link)] The surfactant concentrations used was in the range of 100-600 mg (span 60) whereas cholesterol and soya lecithin concentrations were kept constant to 100 mg. Some formulations were also prepared without soya lecithin. The active substance, cefdinir (100 mg) and all the components were added in phosphate buffer pH 6.8 (5-8 mL). The samples were sonicated for 5 min using a Probe Sonicator (PCI Analytics Pvt. Ltd, Mumbai). The procedure resulted in unilamellar vesicles which were cooled down to 25°C directly after sonication and allowed to stand for 24 h.

Bansal S., Aggarwal G., Chandel P, & Harikumar S.L. (2013). Design and development of cefdinir niosomes for oral delivery. Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences, 5(4), 318-325.

Publication 2013

Buffers Cefdinir Cholesterol Lecithin Niosomes Phosphates Soybeans Span 60 Surfactants Unilamellar Vesicles

Optimizing Niosomal Encapsulation of E. angustifolia

Cited 4 times

Design of Experiments 10.0.3 software (Stat-Ease Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) applying the Box-Behnken methodology was used to investigate the effect of self-governing variables (hydration time, hydration volume, and the cholesterol content; Table 1) on physicochemical features of E. angustifolia-loaded niosomes. Table 2 shows these factors, their degree, as well as their impacts on the nanoparticle size and entrapment efficiency (EE). The minimal size of the niosomes and the maximal entrapment efficiency were taken as the optimization criteria based on the multi-criteria optimization used [15 (link)]. The data optimization of the D-optimal study was performed based on the desirability index [16 (link)]. Furthermore, the discrepancies of the anticipated and the perceived results were computed, and the optimized formation was then discerned for more far-away studies [17 (link),18 (link),19 (link)].
The thin-layer hydration method described in our prior research with slight changes was used to prepare the E. angustifolia-loaded niosomes [20 (link)]. Briefly, Span 60, Tween 60, and cholesterol were suspended in an organic solvent (2:1 of chloroform:methanol (v/v), 10 mL), accompanied by evaporation of solvents using a rotary evaporator (150 rpm, 60 °C, 30 min). Subsequently, thin layers were hydrated, and 15 mg of the drug (concentration of 1.5 mg mL⁻¹) with different hydration volumes and time (Table 1 and Table 2) was added at 60 °C and 120 rpm. Lastly, 7 min of sonication was performed to obtain the uniform size distribution of E. angustifolia-loaded niosomes. The specimens were refrigerated (4 °C) for further experimental research. The compositions of niosomal formation are listed in Table 2.

Moghtaderi M., Mirzaie A., Zabet N., Moammeri A., Mansoori-Kermani A., Akbarzadeh I., Eshrati Yeganeh F., Chitgarzadeh A., Bagheri Kashtali A, & Ren Q. (2021). Enhanced Antibacterial Activity of Echinacea angustifolia Extract against Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae through Niosome Encapsulation. Nanomaterials, 11(6), 1573.

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Publication 2021

Chloroform Cholesterol Methanol Niosomes Pharmaceutical Preparations Solvents Span 60 Tween 60

Most recents protocols related to «Span 60»

Fabrication and Characterization of Plasma-Loaded Microbubbles

PMBs were fabricated by a modified emulsification process as described in previous study [23 (link)]. The mixture of Span 60, NaCl, Tween 80, PBS and polyethylene glycol (PEG-4000) was stirred at room temperature and autoclaved at 121℃ for 12 min, subsequently cooled down to 40 ℃. As Fig. 1 shows, 18 mL of the suspension was sonicated for 2 min with constant purging of plasma gas for 6 s. After standing still for 3 h and separating into 3 layers, 4 mL of the middle layer were diluted in 8 mL PBS. And the total mixture was sonicated again to obtain the PMBs.Fig. 1

Schematic illustration of the preparation and characterization of plasma loaded microbubbles (PMBs)

Then, the PMBs were evaluated by a light microscopy to determine the concentration with blood cell counting plate. The morphology characterization of PMBs was determined by a bright field microscope. The size distribution was measured at different time points for stability assessment using a multi-angle particle size analyzer (Brookhaven, USA). The key reactive species, nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) existed in PMBs suspension and release levels after ultrasound sonication were measured with a corresponding assay kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Beyotime, China), respectively. The values for the control group were obtained with PBS solution.

Zhu M., Dang J., Dong F., Zhong R., Zhang J., Pan J, & Li Y. (2023). Antimicrobial and cleaning effects of ultrasonic-mediated plasma-loaded microbubbles on Enterococcus faecalis biofilm: an in vitro study. BMC Oral Health, 23, 133.

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Publication 2023

Biological Assay Light Microscopy Microbubbles Microscopy Oxide, Nitric Peroxide, Hydrogen Plasma Polyethylene Glycols Sodium Chloride Span 60 Tween 80 Ultrasonography

Sedentary Behavior Measurement Protocol

Time spent on sedentary behaviors (≤ 99 cpm) was measured by a triaxial accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X+) worn on the waist [22 (link)]. A break in a sedentary time was defined as at least 1 min when the accelerometer registered ≥100 cpm following a sedentary period, according to previous definitions [23 (link), 24 (link)]. We followed the data collection and processing criteria procedure suggested by a systematic review of standard protocols for the use of accelerometers [25 (link)]. Non-wear time was identified while the periods of more than 60 consecutive minutes of zero counts. The participants were also asked to assess their sleep time and duration using a sleep log. Time intervals during the waking hours were identified, in which sedentary breaks occurred in the morning (06:00–12:00), afternoon (12:00–18:00) and evening (18:00–24:00) based on previous studies [26 (link), 27 (link)]. ActiLife software version 6.0 was used to extract the accelerometer data; all data were processed using 60-s time-spans with a default sampling frequency of 30 Hz.

Lai T.F., Liao Y., Lin C.Y., Hsueh M.C., Koohsari M.J., Shibata A., Oka K, & Chan D.C. (2023). Diurnal pattern of breaks in sedentary time and the physical function of older adults. Archives of Public Health, 81, 35.

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Publication 2023

Actigraphy Sleep Span 60

Synthesis and Characterization of Waxy Oil Emulsions

Three kinds
of waxy oils that were identified by the three different surfactant
compositions, 0.5 wt % Span 80, 0.25 wt % Span 80 + 0.25 wt % Span
60, and 0.5 wt % Span 60, were prepared. Based on the mass of the
oil phase, 5.0 wt % paraffin wax and 0.5 wt % surfactant were mixed
into the mineral oil. All materials were then heated to 65.0 °C
for 2 h to ensure that all substances were fully dissolved in the
mineral oil. After that, waxy oils were obtained.
For emulsion
preparation, waxy oil was gradually cooled down to 35.0 °C and
maintained at this temperature for 30 min. Then, based on the volume
of waxy oil, water that was also heated to 35.0 °C was gently
poured into the oil phase with a volume ratio 20.0 vol %. A stirring
speed of 500 rpm was applied by an IKA stirrer (Eurostar 20 digital,
IKA, Germany) for 15 min to emulsify oil and water phases. Afterward,
three waxy oil emulsions were obtained, which were also marked by
the surfactant compositions as 0.5 wt % Span 80-doped emulsion, 0.25
wt % Span 80 + 0.25 wt % Span 60-doped emulsion, and 0.5 wt % Span
60-doped emulsion. The drop test method was used to identify the type
of emulsion. The drop of each emulsion was dispersed in the mineral
oil but remained as drops on the surface of water, indicating that
all emulsions were water-in-oil emulsions.

Ma Q., Wang C., Lu Y., Liu Y., Lv X., Zhou S, & Gong J. (2023). Water Droplets Tailored as Wax Crystal Carriers to Mitigate Wax Deposition of Emulsion. ACS Omega, 8(8), 7546-7554.

Publication 2023

Emulsions Fingers Oil, Mineral Paraffin Span 60 Span 80 Surface-Active Agents Waxes

Emulsification of Mineral Oil and Wax

A kind of mineral oil,
LP15, with the kinematic viscosity of 16.0 mm²·s^–1 and the density of 0.856 g·cm^–3 at 37.8 °C, purchased from Yan Shan Petrochemical Company,
was employed as the oil phase. Highly refined 58# paraffin, obtained
from Daqing Petrochemical Company, was used as wax. Deionized water
with a resistivity of >15 MΩ·cm was employed as the
aqueous
phase. Two oil-soluble surfactants composed by the same hydrophilic
moiety with a purity of > 99%, Span 80 (sorbitan monooleate) with
an oleic chain as the hydrophobic moiety and Span 60 (sorbitan monostearate)
with a stearic chain as the hydrophobic moiety, were used as emulsifiers.
All chemicals were utilized without any further treatment.

Ma Q., Wang C., Lu Y., Liu Y., Lv X., Zhou S, & Gong J. (2023). Water Droplets Tailored as Wax Crystal Carriers to Mitigate Wax Deposition of Emulsion. ACS Omega, 8(8), 7546-7554.

Publication 2023

Oil, Mineral Paraffin sorbitan monooleate sorbitan monostearate Span 60 Span 80 Surfactants Viscosity

Optimizing Transferosomal Delivery of RSM

RSM-loaded transferosomes were prepared by thin-film hydration technique to enhance the drug incorporation in the transferosomal vesicles [42 (link)]. In a round-bottom flask, 33.33 mg edge activator (EA), 166.66 mg phosphatidylcholine, and cholesterol, if present, were mixed and dissolved together with 10 mg RSM in 15 mL ethanol. Evaporation of the organic solvent was carried out under vacuum at 50 °C using rotary evaporator (Heidolph VV 2000, Burladingen, Germany) at rotation speed 90 rpm until a thin film was deposited on the inner wall of the round-bottom flask. The formed film was then hydrated with 10 mL phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; pH 7.4) under normal pressure and temperature 50 °C. Following, the obtained dispersions were sonicated (Elmasonic S30H, Singen, Germany) for 2 min to ensure that the formed dispersions were free from any aggregates and then stored overnight at 4 °C. Different transferosomal formulations were prepared by altering the type of EA in presence and absence of cholesterol according to a mixed factorial design (6¹.2¹) (Table 1). Blank transferosomes were prepared concurrently using the same weights but without the addition of drug to eliminate any interactions from the used ingredients [43 (link)].
The construction and analysis of the adopted experimental design were performed using Design-Expert^® software (Stat-Ease, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) so as to ascertain the impact of various variables on the characteristics of the formulated RSM-loaded transferosomes. The desirability function was used in order to determine the optimum preparation condition. The independent variables were the type of EA (sodium cholate, sodium deoxycholate, Pluronic^® F-68, Pluronic^® L-35, Pluronic^® L-31, and Span^® 60) [X1] with the presence/absence of cholesterol [X2]. On the other hand, the dependent variables were VS [Y1], ZP [Y2], and %EE [Y3]. In order to determine the optimized formulation, Y1 had to be minimized, while Y2 and Y3 had to be maximized. The formulation with the highest desirability was considered as the optimum formulation and selected for further study. The composition of the prepared transferosomal formulations is clarified in Table 2.

ElShagea H.N., Makar R.R., Salama A.H., Elkasabgy N.A, & Basalious E.B. (2023). Investigating the Targeting Power to Brain Tissues of Intranasal Rasagiline Mesylate-Loaded Transferosomal In Situ Gel for Efficient Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease. Pharmaceutics, 15(2), 533.

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Publication 2023

Cholesterol Deoxycholic Acid, Monosodium Salt Ethanol Lecithin Pharmaceutical Preparations Phosphates Pluronic F68 Pluronics Pressure Saline Solution Sodium Cholate Solvents Span 60 Transferosomes Vacuum

Top products related to «Span 60»

Span 60 by Merck Group

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Span 60 is a non-ionic surfactant compound used in various laboratory applications. It functions as a wetting agent and emulsifier to facilitate the mixing and dispersion of substances in liquid environments.

Chloroform by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, India, Italy, Spain, France, Canada, Switzerland, China, Australia, Brazil, Poland, Ireland, Sao Tome and Principe, Chile, Japan, Belgium, Portugal, Netherlands, Macao, Singapore, Sweden, Czechia, Cameroon, Austria, Pakistan, Indonesia, Israel, Malaysia, Norway, Mexico, Hungary, New Zealand, Argentina

Chloroform is a colorless, volatile liquid with a characteristic sweet odor. It is a commonly used solvent in a variety of laboratory applications, including extraction, purification, and sample preparation processes. Chloroform has a high density and is immiscible with water, making it a useful solvent for a range of organic compounds.

Tween 80 by Merck Group

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Tween 80 is a non-ionic surfactant and emulsifier. It is a viscous, yellow liquid that is commonly used in laboratory settings to solubilize and stabilize various compounds and formulations.

Cholesterol by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, India, Japan, Sao Tome and Principe, China, France, Spain, Canada, Switzerland, Italy, Australia, Israel, Brazil, Belgium, Poland, Hungary, Macao

Cholesterol is a lab equipment product that measures the concentration of cholesterol in a given sample. It provides quantitative analysis of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol levels.

Methanol by Merck Group

Sourced in Germany, United States, Italy, India, United Kingdom, China, France, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, Australia, Canada, Sao Tome and Principe, Brazil, Ireland, Japan, Belgium, Portugal, Singapore, Macao, Malaysia, Czechia, Mexico, Indonesia, Chile, Denmark, Sweden, Bulgaria, Netherlands, Finland, Hungary, Austria, Israel, Norway, Egypt, Argentina, Greece, Kenya, Thailand, Pakistan

Methanol is a clear, colorless, and flammable liquid that is widely used in various industrial and laboratory applications. It serves as a solvent, fuel, and chemical intermediate. Methanol has a simple chemical formula of CH3OH and a boiling point of 64.7°C. It is a versatile compound that is widely used in the production of other chemicals, as well as in the fuel industry.

Tween 60 by Merck Group

Sourced in Germany, United States, France, United Kingdom, Switzerland

Tween 60 is a non-ionic surfactant used in various laboratory applications. It is a polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate compound.

Acetonitrile by Merck Group

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Acetonitrile is a colorless, volatile, flammable liquid. It is a commonly used solvent in various analytical and chemical applications, including liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and other laboratory procedures. Acetonitrile is known for its high polarity and ability to dissolve a wide range of organic compounds.

Fetal bovine serum (fbs) by Thermo Fisher Scientific

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Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.

Sorbitan monostearate span 60 by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, Italy

Sorbitan monostearate (Span 60) is a non-ionic surfactant commonly used as an emulsifier, stabilizer, and wetting agent in various pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food applications. It is a white to pale yellow, waxy solid with a mild odor. Sorbitan monostearate (Span 60) functions by lowering the surface tension of liquids, allowing for improved wetting and dispersion of ingredients.

Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) by Merck Group

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DMSO is a versatile organic solvent commonly used in laboratory settings. It has a high boiling point, low viscosity, and the ability to dissolve a wide range of polar and non-polar compounds. DMSO's core function is as a solvent, allowing for the effective dissolution and handling of various chemical substances during research and experimentation.

More about "Span 60"

Span 60, a nonionic surfactant, is a versatile compound commonly used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations.
It is composed of polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate, known for its emulsifying, solubilizing, and wetting properties.
Span 60 has been widely utilized in a variety of applications, including drug delivery systems, topical preparations, and food products.
Researchers may consult the available literature to optimize the use of Span 60 in their studies and ensure reproducibility and accuracy of research protocols.
This nonionic surfactant can be used in combination with other compounds like Chloroform, Tween 80, Cholesterol, Methanol, Tween 60, Acetonitrile, FBS, and DMSO to develop and enhance various formulations.
The use of Span 60 in research protocols is crucial for achieving consistent and reliable results.
By understanding the properties and behavior of this surfactant, researchers can effectively incorporate it into their experiments, leading to improved drug delivery, enhanced topical efficacy, and optimal product performance.
Researchers may also explore the synergistic effects of Span 60 with other excipients, such as Sorbitan monostearate (span 60), to further optimize formulations and explore new applications.
By staying up-to-date with the latest developments in the field, researchers can leverage the insights gained from the literature to enhance their research protocols and ensure the reproducibility and accuracy of their findings.