The first phase of the study consisted of 3 randomized 5-hour laboratory sessions, each beginning between 3 and 5 PM. Subjects were tested individually, and sessions were conducted in a comfortable room and separated by at least 48 hours. Women were examined regardless of menstrual cycle phase because acute alcohol responses do not vary by menstrual phase.63 (link) To reduce potential alcohol expectancies, participants were told that they might receive a beverage containing alcohol, a stimulant, a sedative, a placebo, or a combination of these substances. Participants were randomized to dose order and tested under double-blind conditions. In each session, they ingested a beverage containing placebo (0.0 g/kg; 1% volume of ethanol as taste mask), a low alcohol dose (0.4 g/kg), or a high alcohol dose (0.8 g/kg). The beverage was administered in clear plastic-lidded cups in 2 equal portions that were each consumed during a 5-minute interval and separated by a 5-minute interim rest. The beverages contained 190-proof ethanol prepared with water, flavored drink mix, and a sucralose-based sugar substitute. The mean total beverage volume was 471 mL (range, 327–668 mL), and doses for women were 85% of those of men to adjust for sex differences in total body water.64 (link),65 (link)Upon arrival, the participant completed a questionnaire to confirm compliance with 48-hour drug and alcohol abstinence instructions and 3-hour abstinence from food, caffeine, and smoking. Participants underwent several objective tests to verify compliance with pretesting instructions; these tests included carbon monoxide (<10 ppm) and alcohol breathalyzer tests and, before at least 1 session, a urine toxicology screen. Women also undertook a urinary human chorionic gonadotropin test to verify nonpregnancy before each session. After these tests, the participant consumed a low-fat snack at 20% of daily kilocalorie needs, based on a macronutrient distribution of 55% of kilocalories from carbohydrates, 10% from protein, and 35% from fat.66 (link)Forty-five minutes after arrival, the participant completed baseline subjective and objective measures and then consumed his or her study beverage over 15 minutes (5 minutes for each portion separated by a 5-minute rest interval) in the presence of the research assistant.21 (link),50 (link),67 (link) Subjective and objective measures were repeated during the ascending limb to the estimated peak BrAC (30 and 60 minutes, respectively, after beverage initiation) and the descending limb and alcohol elimination phase (120 and 180 minutes). The breathalyzer (Alco-Sensor IV; Intoximeter, St Louis, Missouri) was programmed to display readings of 0.000 mg/dL, with the actual levels later downloaded to a computer by a separate assistant. Between time points, to circumvent potential boredom, the participant was permitted to view movies or read magazines provided by the study in a comfortable, living room–like laboratory testing room. At the end of each session, when the BrAC was 0.04 mg/L (0.04%) or lower, the participant was transported home by a car service to ensure safety. At the end of the third session, the participant was debriefed and received instructions and schedule information for the follow-up phase. Participants received a $200 check for participation in the first phase ($50 per session and a $50 bonus for completing all 3 sessions).
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Sucralose
Sucralose
Sucralose is a non-nutritive sweetener and FDA-approved food additive derived from sucrose.
It is approximately 600 times sweeter than sucrose, yet it is not metabolized by the body and has no caloric value.
Sucralose is widely used in a variety of food and beverage products as a low-calorie sugar substitute.
Researchers utilize Sucralose in a range of applications, including food science, nutrition, and metabolic studies.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform can help optimize Sucralose research by identifying the most accurate and reproducible protocols from literature, preprints, and patents.
Its advanced comparison tools enable researchers to find the best Sucralose products and methodologies to enhance the quality and reliability of their work.
It is approximately 600 times sweeter than sucrose, yet it is not metabolized by the body and has no caloric value.
Sucralose is widely used in a variety of food and beverage products as a low-calorie sugar substitute.
Researchers utilize Sucralose in a range of applications, including food science, nutrition, and metabolic studies.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform can help optimize Sucralose research by identifying the most accurate and reproducible protocols from literature, preprints, and patents.
Its advanced comparison tools enable researchers to find the best Sucralose products and methodologies to enhance the quality and reliability of their work.
Most cited protocols related to «Sucralose»
Ampicillin
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Free sugar is chemically indistinguishable from naturally-occurring sugar [34 (link)]. As there is no declaration of free sugar content on the NFt, an algorithm was developed to derive free sugar contents which was guided by a published, systematic methodology for estimating added sugars [35 (link),36 (link)]. The U of T free sugar algorithm steps, to be conducted in sequential order, as well as the proportion of free sugar contents calculated at each step, are outlined in Table 1 . For the purpose of this analysis, free sugar ingredients (FSI) refers to any free sugar ingredient that meets the WHO definition for free sugar including sugar, syrup, honey, fruit juices, and other sweetening agents [9 ]. “Sweeteners”, as defined by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency as a food additive that is used to give products a sweet taste and can include sugar alcohols (e.g., malitol, xylitol, and sorbitol), non-nutritive sweeteners (e.g., aspartame, sucralose, and acesulfame-potassium), cyclamate sweeteners, or saccharin sweeteners [21 ] were not considered FSI. Presence of FSI and sweeteners were identified by searching the Ingredient List of each product and the ingredients required in product preparation as stated on the package. The means and distributions of total sugar content, obtained from the NFt, and of the calculated free sugar content were reported as g per 100 g or g per 100 mL (the latter for beverages and desserts), by food group, subcategory, and minor category. Free sugar content was calculated as a percent of total sugar and as a percent of energy, the latter to allow for comparisons with maximum intake guidelines, which are usually presented as a percent of calories. All calculations were conducted on the sugar content of the “as consumed” version of the product.
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acesulfame potassium
Aspartame
Beverages
Carbohydrates
Cyclamate
Food
Food Additives
Food Inspection
Fruit Juices
Honey
Non-Nutritive Sweeteners
Saccharin
Sorbitol
sucralose
Sugar Alcohols
Sugars
Sweetening Agents
Taste
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Animals
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sucralose
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Most recents protocols related to «Sucralose»
The sucralose preference test was carried out in home cages based on the two-bottle paradigm (online suppl. Fig. S1f) [66] and was used to assess anhedonia [67, 68] . On each test day, measurements of both bottles of water, food, and mouse body weight were taken. On day 1 of testing, mice were exposed for 24 h to two bottles both containing drinking water. On day 2, mice were given free access to one bottle containing a 0.5% sucralose (Sigma-Aldrich) solution and another containing water. On day 3, the location of the water and sucralose bottles were switched between their left and right positions, to counteract any potential side preference, with final measurements of water bottles, sucralose bottles, food, and mouse body weight recorded on day 4. sucralose solution was freshly made every morning. Six empty "spill" cages were placed on the housing racks to control for normal cage handling spillage. Side preference was computed by calculating the percentage of consumption of water placed on the left side out of the total (left and right side) fluid intake ([left side intake/total intake] × 100). sucralose preference was determined by calculating the percentage of sucralose intake out of the total (sucralose and water) fluid consumption ([sucralose intake/total intake] × 100) over 48 h.
For both studies, we collected bulk soil and water from each site (Fig. 1). Soil types collected were near brackish water and fresh water and represented both freshwater and saltwater marshes respectively. Samples were covered and transported back to the lab. After collection, soils were homogenized and divided into three groups, control, low (~2.2 mg/cm 3 ), and high (~10.96 mg/cm 3 ) sucralose. Sucralose is more commonly marketed as Splenda, which was utilized for the purpose of this experiment. For the replicates containing a low concentration of sucralose, 2 g of sucralose was measured and added to a subsample of approximately 912 cm 3 of soil. For the replicates containing a high concentration of sucralose, 10 g of sucralose was added to each subsample of soil.
For this study, soil incubators were fabricated in the lab to hold the soil subsamples (Fig. 2). These incubators were made using PVC pipes (10 cm width) that were cut into approximately 10 cm length sections, each with a fitted bottom cap for holding soil. For both collected soil types, two sucralose treatments in addition to a control (no added sucralose) with four replicates each were established. One treatment contained a low concentration of sucralose (~2.2 mg/cm 3 ), and the second treatment contained a high concentration of sucralose (~10.96 mg/cm 3 ). Additionally, 0.25-0.5 inches of fresh and saltwater (gathered from the sample sites) were poured into bins containing the soil incubators, and damp towels soaked in DI water were used to cover bins to prevent soil dehydration. Samples were then left to sit undisturbed for approximately 16 hours. Data was collected every 24 hours for five days using a BenthoTorch (Fig. 3, BBE Moldaenke, Germany). The BenthoTorch uses fluorescence to analyze concentration of cyanobacteria, algae, and diatoms . Additionally, a LI-8000A CO2/H2O Gas Analyzer (Fig. 4, LI-COR Corporate, Nebraska, USA) was used to analyze CO2 production as a measure of microbial respiration. In order to capture some of the quick changes in benthic community activity that was missed during the first experiment, a second experiment was conducted at a higher resolution over a 24-hour period. The same sites and methods regarding preparation and sucralose concentration were used. After the soil and sucralose was homogenized and prepared, data was collected with the Licor and BenthoTorch at 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours. The same procedure was followed for each time stamp as was followed within the five-day experiment. Additionally, control values were taken via BenthoTorch at hour 0.
For this study, soil incubators were fabricated in the lab to hold the soil subsamples (Fig. 2). These incubators were made using PVC pipes (10 cm width) that were cut into approximately 10 cm length sections, each with a fitted bottom cap for holding soil. For both collected soil types, two sucralose treatments in addition to a control (no added sucralose) with four replicates each were established. One treatment contained a low concentration of sucralose (~2.2 mg/cm 3 ), and the second treatment contained a high concentration of sucralose (~10.96 mg/cm 3 ). Additionally, 0.25-0.5 inches of fresh and saltwater (gathered from the sample sites) were poured into bins containing the soil incubators, and damp towels soaked in DI water were used to cover bins to prevent soil dehydration. Samples were then left to sit undisturbed for approximately 16 hours. Data was collected every 24 hours for five days using a BenthoTorch (Fig. 3, BBE Moldaenke, Germany). The BenthoTorch uses fluorescence to analyze concentration of cyanobacteria, algae, and diatoms . Additionally, a LI-8000A CO2/H2O Gas Analyzer (Fig. 4, LI-COR Corporate, Nebraska, USA) was used to analyze CO2 production as a measure of microbial respiration. In order to capture some of the quick changes in benthic community activity that was missed during the first experiment, a second experiment was conducted at a higher resolution over a 24-hour period. The same sites and methods regarding preparation and sucralose concentration were used. After the soil and sucralose was homogenized and prepared, data was collected with the Licor and BenthoTorch at 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours. The same procedure was followed for each time stamp as was followed within the five-day experiment. Additionally, control values were taken via BenthoTorch at hour 0.
The following sweeteners were employed in this study: 1.3% sucralose (Sweeny® plus), and pure reb A (Anhui Minmetals, Hefei, China), glucose (Roquette corporation®), and sucrose (Zulka®). Each dietary group was divided into four subgroups to receive 4% glucose (GLU), 4% sucrose (SUC), sucralose (SCL)
(5 mg/kg BW/d), or reb A (REB) (4 mg/kg BW/d) (n = 8 for each group) for 8 weeks. Sweeteners were administered in drinking water. The sucralose and reb A dose were equivalent to the ADI established by the FDA. To control the high glucose content in the commercial sweeteners, a 4% glucose solution was introduced as a primary control. Glucose concentrations were adjusted to 4% in NNS groups. The SUC groups served as a secondary comparator. Food and uid consumption were measured daily, and energy intake was calculated weekly, while BW was determined twice a week using an electronic precision balance (Precision BJ 2200C). After eight weeks, animals did not change weekly body weight evolution, total weight gain, and energy intake among NNS treatments in both ND and HFD rats. A detailed description of the metabolic outcomes presented in the original study is reported in Ramos-García et al.
(2021) [16] (link). For the secondary outcome, each animal was isolated for handling, and fresh fecal samples in duplicate were collected. All samples were immediately stored at -80 °C for further analysis.
We decided to examine the sucralose and reb A sweeteners due to their widespread popular consumption. In addition, reb A is one of the most abundant GE in the stevia leaf, with greater sweetness power (200-400x) and the one that leaves the least bitter aftertaste when ingested.
(5 mg/kg BW/d), or reb A (REB) (4 mg/kg BW/d) (n = 8 for each group) for 8 weeks. Sweeteners were administered in drinking water. The sucralose and reb A dose were equivalent to the ADI established by the FDA. To control the high glucose content in the commercial sweeteners, a 4% glucose solution was introduced as a primary control. Glucose concentrations were adjusted to 4% in NNS groups. The SUC groups served as a secondary comparator. Food and uid consumption were measured daily, and energy intake was calculated weekly, while BW was determined twice a week using an electronic precision balance (Precision BJ 2200C). After eight weeks, animals did not change weekly body weight evolution, total weight gain, and energy intake among NNS treatments in both ND and HFD rats. A detailed description of the metabolic outcomes presented in the original study is reported in Ramos-García et al.
(2021) [16] (link). For the secondary outcome, each animal was isolated for handling, and fresh fecal samples in duplicate were collected. All samples were immediately stored at -80 °C for further analysis.
We decided to examine the sucralose and reb A sweeteners due to their widespread popular consumption. In addition, reb A is one of the most abundant GE in the stevia leaf, with greater sweetness power (200-400x) and the one that leaves the least bitter aftertaste when ingested.
Intestinal permeability was assessed as previously described (33 (link)). In brief, all subjects were asked to avoid consuming lactulose, sugar substitutes, diet foods, and foods that might contain mannitol or sucralose for 72 hours before the study visit. Subjects then fasted overnight. In the morning, the subjects orally ingested a test solution. The solution was a cocktail of 2 g of mannitol, 7.5 g of lactulose, and 2 g of sucralose in 300 mL of water. The subjects fasted for 2 hours after the start of urine collection and then were asked to eat normally except for refraining from lactulose, sugar substitutes, and sucralose or mannitol–containing products, during the 24-hour urine collection period. Subjects were asked to empty their bladder before consuming the test solution. After consuming the solution, subjects collected their urine for 24 hours. Two urine collections were recorded: 0–5 hours and 0–24 hours. Urine volumes were recorded and stored until analysis. Five-hour urinary lactulose, mannitol, and lactulose-to-mannitol (L/M) ratio are primarily markers of small bowel permeability; and 24-hour urinary sucralose and lactulose excretion are markers of total gut permeability, with sucralose primarily representing colonic permeability (34 (link)). This is because of both sucralose and lactulose being able to permeate through both the small and large intestines (colon). However, sucralose is not fermented by colonic bacteria, whereas 75% of lactulose and mannitol are fermented by colonic bacteria (35 (link)).
To examine the intestinal permeability immediately after exposure to an injurious agent (aspirin), we did a second assessment of intestinal permeability after an aspirin challenge, as we have previously published (18 (link)). In brief, 2 weeks after the baseline collection, subjects were asked to do a second collection and were given the sugar cocktail along with 4 tablets of aspirin each containing 325 mg for the aspirin challenge. Urine samples were analyzed by gas chromatography as previously described (33 (link)). The intestinal permeability was measured using an Agilent 6890 GC equipped with a flame ionization detector.
To examine the intestinal permeability immediately after exposure to an injurious agent (aspirin), we did a second assessment of intestinal permeability after an aspirin challenge, as we have previously published (18 (link)). In brief, 2 weeks after the baseline collection, subjects were asked to do a second collection and were given the sugar cocktail along with 4 tablets of aspirin each containing 325 mg for the aspirin challenge. Urine samples were analyzed by gas chromatography as previously described (33 (link)). The intestinal permeability was measured using an Agilent 6890 GC equipped with a flame ionization detector.
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From a mixture design, seven formulations made with different levels of oatmeal, lentil and bean our were developed within the range of 0.15 to 0.7%, therefore the sum of all of them equals 1 (Table 1). A rheological evaluation of the 7 formulations was performed to select the more stable and low consistency formulation for adding cocoa and sweeteners: steviol and sucralose glycosides with two levels each 9 . The porridges were: Su-1 (28.8 mg/kg sucralose), Su-2 (14.4 mg/kg sucralose), St-1 (25.5 mg/kg steviol glycosides) and St-2 (18 mg /kg steviol glycosides) and cocoa without sweeteners.
Top products related to «Sucralose»
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Sucralose is a synthetic sweetener used as an artificial sugar substitute in a variety of food and beverage products. It is a chlorinated derivative of sucrose, providing a sweet taste without the calories or carbohydrates associated with regular sugar.
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Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose. It is commonly used as a laboratory reagent for various applications, serving as a standard reference substance and control material in analytical procedures.
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Saccharin is a laboratory-grade artificial sweetener used as a reference standard in analytical procedures. It is a white, crystalline powder with a sweet taste. Saccharin serves as a comparison compound for the identification and quantification of other sweeteners in food, beverage, and pharmaceutical products.
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Caffeine is a naturally occurring stimulant compound that can be extracted and purified for use in various laboratory applications. It functions as a central nervous system stimulant, inhibiting the action of adenosine receptors in the brain.
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Aspartame is a synthetic sweetener used as a food additive in various products. It is a white, crystalline powder that is approximately 200 times sweeter than sucrose. Aspartame is commonly used in low-calorie or sugar-free foods, beverages, and pharmaceuticals to provide a sweet taste without the addition of substantial amounts of calories or carbohydrates.
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Cyclamate is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Merck Group. It is a synthetic sweetener compound used for various applications in research and analytical settings.
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Citric acid is a commonly used chemical compound in laboratory settings. It is a weak organic acid that can be found naturally in citrus fruits. Citric acid has a wide range of applications in various laboratory procedures and analyses.
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Ampicillin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used in laboratory settings. It is a penicillin-based compound effective against a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Ampicillin functions by inhibiting cell wall synthesis, leading to bacterial cell lysis and death.
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Acesulfame K is a high-intensity sweetener used in various food and beverage products. It is a potassium salt with a molecular formula of C₄H₄KNO₄. Acesulfame K is stable under heat, is pH-stable, and has a clean, sweet taste. It is commonly used as a sugar substitute or in combination with other sweeteners to enhance sweetness in a wide range of applications.
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D-glucose is a type of monosaccharide, a simple sugar that serves as the primary source of energy for many organisms. It is a colorless, crystalline solid that is soluble in water and other polar solvents. D-glucose is a naturally occurring compound and is a key component of various biological processes.
More about "Sucralose"
Sucralase, non-nutritive sweeteners, sugar substitutes, food additives, calorie-free, metabolic studies, food science, nutrition, PubCompare.ai, Saccharin, Aspartame, Cyclamate, Acesulfame K, Sucrose, D-glucose, Ampicillin, Citric acid, caffeine