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Tallow

Tallow, a rendered animal fat, is a common ingredient in various products, including cosmetics, soaps, and lubricants.
It is derived from the fatty tissue of cattle, sheep, or other ruminant animals.
Tallow is known for its high content of saturated fatty acids, which contribute to its solid, waxy texture at room temperature.
Resaerchers utilize tallow in a variety of applications, such as the production of candles, the formulation of lubricants, and the development of personal care items.
PubCompare.ai can assist scientists in identifying the best protocols and products for their tallow research needs by locating relevant information from literature, preprints, and patents, while utilizing AI-driven comparisons to ensure reproducibiltiy and accuracy.

Most cited protocols related to «Tallow»

Murine Model of Thermal and Electrical Stimulation

Five-week-old male C57BL/6J mice and db/db mice (BKS.Cg-m+/+Leprdb/J: Leprdb/Leprdb mice; Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Kanagawa, Japan), were housed in a vivarium in accordance with the guidelines of the animal facility center of Kumamoto University. The mice were maintained on food (standard or high-fat diet) and water ad libitum. High-fat diet was composed of 14% lard, 14% beef tallow, 25% casein, 20% sucrose, 15% cornstarch, 5% cellulose. Six-week-old or 25-week-old mice were treated with HS and/or MES. A well-ventilated 12 cm×10 cm (width×height) chamber was designed for the animal treatment. Electrical stimulation was delivered to un-anesthetized test animal through a pair of 10-cm diameter electro-conductive and thermo-generative rubber electrodes, which were padded with moist soft cotton cloth. The electrodes can be adjusted to allow contact with the animal (Fig. 1B). The electrodes are connected to a Biometronome™ (Tsuchiya Gum Co., Ltd.) that delivered 12 V (55 pps) of direct current with individual pulse duration of 0.1 ms. The temperature at the surface of the electrodes was adjusted to 42°C. For the control group, mice were sham treated by putting them in the chamber with similar set-up as above for 10 min per session but without conducting HS+MES. All procedures involving these animals were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Kumamoto University (#A19-115).

Morino S., Kondo T., Sasaki K., Adachi H., Suico M.A., Sekimoto E., Matsuda T., Shuto T., Araki E, & Kai H. (2008). Mild Electrical Stimulation with Heat Shock Ameliorates Insulin Resistance via Enhanced Insulin Signaling. PLoS ONE, 3(12), e4068.

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Publication 2008

Animals Caseins Cellulose Cornstarch Diet, High-Fat Electric Conductivity Food Gossypium lard Males Mice, House Mice, Inbred C57BL Pulse Rate Rivers Rubber Stimulations, Electric Sucrose tallow

Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer Model in Mice

Use of animals for these studies was approved under the guidelines of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) at University of Chicago, which complies with the guidelines outlined by the National Institutes of Health. A/J male mice weighing 20-22 grams were acclimated for 2 wks on AIN-76A chow. We followed a modified protocol to induce colitis-associated colon cancer [22 (link)]. Mice received a single dose of azoxymethane (AOM) 10 mg/kg body weight or saline (AOM vehicle). Two wks later mice were randomized to receive a Western diet (20% fat) or Western diet supplemented with 250-ppm ethanol/butanol extracted American ginseng. Western diet was 20% fat and included beef tallow (35 gm/kg), lard (30 gm/kg) and corn oil (80 gm/kg). Detailed composition of WD was reported [35 (link)]. We calculated that the ginseng dose was approximately 0.875 mg ginseng extract/mouse/day. One wk after starting Western diet, mice received 2.5% DSS in the drinking water × 5 days. DSS-induced clinical colitis was assessed as described [38 (link)]. It should be noted that there were no endoscopically visible tumors for several weeks after DSS. Mice were sacrificed 12 wks after AOM treatment and tumors and colonic mucosa harvested. The protocol is summarized in Figure 1A. A/J mice are very sensitive to AOM [39 (link)], and thus only one dose of AOM followed by one cycle of DSS was sufficient to induce tumors in these mice. Fifteen min prior to sacrifice mice were treated with peroxovanadate as described to lock in phospho-EGFR signals [40 (link),41 (link)]. Tumors were divided and one aliquot was fixed in 10% buffered formalin for histology. Colonic mucosa and another aliquot of tumor were flash frozen for Western blotting.

Dougherty U., Mustafi R., Wang Y., Musch M.W., Wang C.Z., Konda V.J., Kulkarni A., Hart J., Dawson G., Kim K.E., Yuan C.S., Chang E.B, & Bissonnette M. (2011). American ginseng suppresses Western diet-promoted tumorigenesis in model of inflammation-associated colon cancer: role of EGFR. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 11, 111.

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Publication 2011

Animals Azoxymethane Body Weight Butanols Colitis Colitis-Associated Neoplasms Colon Corn oil EGFR protein, human Ethanol Formalin Freezing Ginseng Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees lard Males Mucous Membrane Mus Neoplasms peroxovanadate Saline Solution tallow

Dietary Intervention and Running Wheel Study in Aging Mice

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Publication 2013

Animals Carbohydrates Eating Euthanasia Fats Males Mice, House Proteins Rivers Rodent Sucrose tallow Therapy, Diet Vegetables

Broiler Chicken Growth and Feed Efficiency Protocol

The protocol used to perform the animal trials was as described [9] (link) but with a slightly modified feed formula. Briefly, one-day old male Cobb 500 broiler chickens were transferred from a commercial hatchery (Baiada Hatchery, Willaston, SA, Australia) to a rearing pen in a temperature-controlled room. At the hatchery the chicks received the vaccines that are routinely used in broiler chicks in Australia; Marek’s, Newcastle Disease and Infectious Bronchitis. The feed supplied ad libitum, comprised of 44.4% of wheat, 17% soybean meal, 15% barley, 10% canola meal, 5% peas, 3.2% meat meal, 3% tallow, 1% limestone, 0.5% vitamin mix, and traces of salt, lysine HCl, DL-methionine and threonine. All of the feed for the replicate trials came from the same batch of commercially prepared crumbles and was stored in cool dry conditions for five months between the first and last trial. The lighting regime for the trials started with 22–23 hours per day gradually reducing to 12 hours per day by day 9 and for the rest of the trial period. For the first 13 days post-hatch the birds were housed together in a single concrete floored pen with fresh, untreated, sawdust and shavings for bedding material. After day 13 the chickens were transferred in pairs to 48 open wire metabolism cages located in a temperature-controlled room (23–25°C). Birds were initially placed in pairs for an acclimation period to minimize stress associated with separation and were then moved into individual cages on day 15. The individual housing prevents competition for feed, minimises behavioural issues and allows for the precise feed intake of each individual chicken to be measured. Birds were culled on day 25 and cecal luminal contents were collected from one ceca from each bird for microbial analysis. Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) was calculated as a ratio of feed consumed and weight gained. Therefore, lower ratios indicate that the bird is more efficient at converting food into body mass. Three identical trials, trials 1, 2, and 3, were performed over a 5-month period.

Stanley D., Geier M.S., Hughes R.J., Denman S.E, & Moore R.J. (2013). Highly Variable Microbiota Development in the Chicken Gastrointestinal Tract. PLoS ONE, 8(12), e84290.

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Publication 2013

Acclimatization Animals Aves Bronchitis Cecum Chickens DNA Replication Feed Intake Food Hordeum vulgare Human Body Infection Limestone Lysine Males Meat Metabolism Newcastle Disease Peas Phenobarbital Problem Behavior Racemethionine Sodium Chloride, Dietary Soybean Flour tallow Threonine Triticum aestivum Vaccines Vitamins

Ethanol-Enriched Diet Protocol in Mice

Eight-week-old male C57BL/6N mice were obtained from Harlan (Indianapolis, IN). All mice were housed in a pathogen-free, temperature-controlled animal facility accredited by the Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care with 12 hour light/12 hour dark cycles. All experiments were carried out according to the criteria outlined in the Guide for Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and with approval of the University of Louisville Animal Care and Use Committee.
Animals were fed a modified Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet containing EtOH (35% of total calories) and enriched in unsaturated fat (USF, corn oil, 55-60% of LA) or saturated fat (SF, medium-chain triglyceride:beef tallow, 82:18 ratio, Research Diet, New Brunswick, NJ, Fig. 1). Soybean oil was used in both diets to provide essential free fatty acids. Control liquid maltose-dextrin diets provided 40% of energy from fat, 43% - from carbohydrate, 17% - from protein. Initially, all mice were given the control liquid maltose dextrin diets (SF or USF, no EtOH) ad libitum for one week. Afterwards, mice were fed either the liquid ethanol diet or the control liquid maltose-dextrin diet. Ethanol was gradually increased every 3-4 days from 11.2% to 35% of total calories (5.0% [vol/vol]). The mice were fed with the EtOH diet (5% EtOH vol/vol) ad libitum for 8 weeks. The control mice were pair-fed with SF or USF maltose-dextrin diets on an isocaloric basis.
At the end of the feeding experiment, mice were fasted overnight, anesthetized with sodium-pentobarbital (nembutal, 80 mg/kg, intraperitonially), and blood, liver, and intestinal samples were collected for assays. The killing sequence was randomized in order to eliminate any time dependent variation due to length of fasting. Blood samples were collected from the inferior vena cava using heparinized syringes and were then centrifuged at 300 g for 15 minutes at 4°C. Whole livers and intestines were removed and their weights were measured. Part of the liver from left lobe was harvested and fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin, while the remaining liver tissue was snap frozen in liquid N₂ and stored at −80°C. Freshly isolated intestinal segments (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) were used for ex vivo intestinal permeability assay.

Kirpich I.A., Feng W., Wang Y., Liu Y., Barker D.F., Barve S.S, & McClain C.J. (2011). The Type of Dietary Fat Modulates Intestinal Tight Junction Integrity, Gut Permeability, and Hepatic Toll-Like Receptor Expression in a Mouse Model of Alcoholic Liver Disease. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 36(5), 835-846.

Publication 2011

Animals Animals, Laboratory Biological Assay BLOOD Carbohydrates Corn oil Dextrin dextrin maltose Diet Duodenum Ethanol Fats, Unsaturated Fatty Acids, Essential Formalin Freezing Ileum Intestines Jejunum Liver Males Maltose Mice, House Mice, Inbred C57BL Nembutal Nonesterified Fatty Acids pathogenesis Pentobarbital Sodium Permeability Proteins Saturated Fatty Acid Soybean oil Syringes tallow Therapy, Diet Tissues Triglycerides Vena Cavas, Inferior

Most recents protocols related to «Tallow»

Avian Feed Supplementation with Animal Tallow and Linseed Oil

Not available on PMC !

The animal tallow used in the experiment is cow tallow, where it is prepared after first cutting it into small pieces and then Thermh so as to easily dissolve it and after the process of therm is placed in a pot and placed on a heat source (electric heater) and for half an hour after which it is left to cool and mix by 6% of the tallow with feed gradually until reaching a weight of 10 kg for the coefficients of adding grease and this process continues whenever birds need feed. As for Linseed oil, it is liquid and was obtained from the local markets and was added 6% to a small amount of feed and then mixed with a larger quantity until it reached a weight of 10 kg for the treatment of adding Linseed oil and this process continued whenever the chicks need feed. As for the treatment of adding animal tallow and Linseed oil, it was done by adding 3% animal tallow with 3% Linseed oil in the same way as before.

Alhayaly H.N., Saadi A.M., & Younis D. (2024). Use of Linseed oil and animal tallow in nutrition and its effect on blood Characteristics and meat composition in Broilers. Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Science, 55(2), 435-442.

Publication 2024

Rendering and Bleaching of Mutton Tallow

Not available on PMC !

The first process to which mutton tallow was subjected was rendering, which was intended to separate the fat from the remains of other tissues. The tallow was then subjected to a bleaching process to remove unwanted haem pigments. For this purpose, the rendered tallow in the amount of 150 g was transferred into a 250 mL round-bottomed flask and heated to 80 °C by means of a heating mantle, and bleaching earth was added in an amount equal to 2% w/w of the mass of fat to be bleached. The process was carried out at 80 °C for one hour under reflux. After the process the bleaching earth was separated from the fat using hot filtration (70 °C).

Kowalska M., Woźniak M., Turek P., & Żbikowska A. (2024). New Fat Bases in Model Emulsion Systems in Physicochemical and Consumer Evaluation. Applied Sciences, 14(9), 3553-3553.

Publication 2024

Hydrolysis of Deer Tallow: A Purification Approach

The block diagram shows a scheme for processing deer tallow into a hydrolyzed product (see Figure 5).
Homogenization and purification. The obtained fat tissue contained a significant amount of muscle proteins, and therefore, homogenization and purification were necessary. The raw material was ground using a meat cutter (power 300 kg/h) through a cutting system of perforated plates with kidney-shaped holes (20 mm diameter) and then through a plate with 13 mm holes. A double-sided knife was used between the cutting plates. The ground raw material was melted at 70.0 ± 1.0 °C in an oven for 2 h. After melting, the fat was filtered hot through several layers of cloth to obtain pure fat. The separated proteins and other impurities accounted for about 30% by weight.
Hydrolysis of fat was conducted using a batch process. Water in the amount according to factor A (8; 16; 24%) and enzyme in the amount according to factor B (2; 4; 6%) were added into the beaker of a 150 mm diameter and mixed at 450 ± 100 rpm at 23.0 ± 0.5 °C for 3 min. Further, the pure fat was added, and the mixture was placed in a water bath at a temperature of 50.0 ± 0.5 °C and stirred at 450 ± 100 rpm for a time according to the factor C (2; 4; 6 h). After hydrolysis, the enzyme was inactivated by heating the mixture at a rate of dt/dτ 6 °C/min to 85.0 ± 0.5 °C and held at this temperature for 5 min. Subsequently, silica gel (in the amount of 20%, based on fat weight) was added, and the mixture was stirred at 450 ± 100 rpm for 3 min and filtered through Filpap KA-2 filter paper (Filpap, Ixelles, Belgium) on a Büchner funnel; before filtration step, the laboratory glassware was heated to about 100 °C. Subsequently, the fat was left in a beaker at a laboratory temperature of 21.0 ± 0.5 °C for 1 h and then placed in an incubator (4.0 ± 0.2 °C). Characterization of properties (PV, AV, color, functional groups, and textural properties) DH was calculated from the measured values.

Novotná T., Mokrejš P., Pavlačková J, & Gál R. (2024). Study of Processing Conditions during Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Deer By-Product Tallow for Targeted Changes at the Molecular Level and Properties of Modified Fats. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(7), 4002.

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Publication 2024

Enzymatic Interesterification of Mutton Tallow and Hemp Seed Oil

Not available on PMC !

The blends used in the research part of the work were prepared by weighing 150 g of fats into 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask. The fat blends used in this study contained the following mass ratios of mutton tallow and hemp seed oil: 3:1, 3:2, 3:3. The blends were then placed in a shaker (SWB 22N, Labo Play, Bytom, Poland) equipped with a water bath and stirred for 20 min at a rotation rate of 200 rpm at 70 °C to obtain homogeneity in the systems. Each of the blends prepared in this way was divided into two parts, one of which was subjected to the enzymatic interesterification reaction and the other one being the control sample (hereafter referred to as noninteresterified blend or unmodified blend). The fat blends were thermostated at 60 °C for 15 min in a shaker (SWB 22N, Labo Play, Bytom, Poland) equipped with a water bath. Then, an enzyme catalyst (immobilized lipase) was added to the heated blends in an amount of 5% w/w relative to the weight of the reaction substrates and a precalculated amount of distilled water to produce a sufficient amount of a mixture of incomplete acylglycerols as an emulsifier for the subsequently produced emulsions. The reaction was carried out for 6 h at 60 °C in a shaker using a stirring rate of 200 rpm. To complete the reaction, the enzyme was filtered off on a Büchner funnel using paper filters at the reaction temperature. The blends were dried with anhydrous sodium sulphate, which was then filtered as described above.

Kowalska M., Woźniak M., Turek P., & Żbikowska A. (2024). New Fat Bases in Model Emulsion Systems in Physicochemical and Consumer Evaluation. Applied Sciences, 14(9), 3553-3553.

Publication 2024

Beef Tallow Samples from Chinese Manufacturers

The beef tallow samples used in this study were collected from Guanghan Maidele Food Co., Ltd. (manufacturer A) (Chengdu, China) and Sichuan Hangjia Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (manufacturer B) (Chengdu, China). Collect 2–3 batches of samples from each manufacturer, and three samples are randomly selected from each batch. Information about the samples is shown in Table 1.

Li K., Zhang L., Yi D., Luo Y., Zheng C, & Wu Y. (2024). Insights into the Volatile Flavor Profiles of Two Types of Beef Tallow via Electronic Nose and Gas Chromatography–Ion Mobility Spectrometry Analysis. Foods, 13(10), 1489.

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Publication 2024

Top products related to «Tallow»

Methanol by Merck Group

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Methanol is a clear, colorless, and flammable liquid that is widely used in various industrial and laboratory applications. It serves as a solvent, fuel, and chemical intermediate. Methanol has a simple chemical formula of CH3OH and a boiling point of 64.7°C. It is a versatile compound that is widely used in the production of other chemicals, as well as in the fuel industry.

Ethanol by Merck Group

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Ethanol is a clear, colorless liquid chemical compound commonly used in laboratory settings. It is a key component in various scientific applications, serving as a solvent, disinfectant, and fuel source. Ethanol has a molecular formula of C2H6O and a range of industrial and research uses.

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More about "Tallow"

Tallow, a rendered animal fat, is a common ingredient in a variety of products, including cosmetics, soaps, and lubricants.
It is derived from the fatty tissue of cattle, sheep, or other ruminant animals.
Tallow is known for its high content of saturated fatty acids, which contribute to its solid, waxy texture at room temperature.
Researchers utilize tallow in a range of applications, such as the production of candles, the formulation of lubricants, and the development of personal care items.
Methanol, ethanol, and chloroform are also commonly used in tallow-related research and applications.
Bis-GMA, camphorquinone, and 2-(dimethylamino)ethylmethacrylate are monomers and photoinitiators that may be incorporated into tallow-based formulations, while sodium hydroxide and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) can be used in the analysis and characterization of tallow samples.
PubCompare.ai can assist scientists in identifying the best protocols and products for their tallow research needs by locating relevant information from literature, preprints, and patents, while utilizing AI-driven comparisons to ensure reproducibility and accuracy.
This can be particularly useful when working with tallow, as its composition and properties can vary depending on the source and processing methods.
By leveraging the insights and tools provided by PubCompare.ai, researchers can streamline their tallow-related studies, improve the reliability of their findings, and develop more effective products and applications.
Whether you're exploring the use of tallow in cosmetics, lubricants, or other domains, PubCompare.ai can help you navigate the available research and identify the optimal approache for your specific needs.