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Tetramethylsilane

Tetramethylsilane is a colorless, volatile organic compound with the chemical formula Si(CH3)4.
It is commonly used as a standard reference compound in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy due to its sharp, singlet signal.
Tetramethylsilane is also employed as a silylaing reagent in organic synthesis and as a solvent in various chemical applications.
The PubCompare.ai platform can help researchers optimize and compare protocols for working with tetramethylslane, enabling more accurate and reproducible experiments.

Most cited protocols related to «Tetramethylsilane»

Synthesis and Characterization of a Calix[4]arene Derivative

Cited 31 times

All reagents and anhydrous solvents used during the synthesis were of commercial quality. 5,11,17,23-Tetra-(t-butyl)-25-hydroxy-26,27,28-tripropoxy-calix[4]arene (6) was prepared according to the literature (Gutsche and Iqbal, 1990 (link)). The lower rim of the calix[4]arene backbone was modified in accordance to the described procedures for the propylation (7a,b) of the hydroxylic groups (Gutsche and Lin, 1986 (link)), as well as condensation of one of the hydroxyls (8a) with N-(3-bromo)propylphthalimide (Lalor et al., 2007 (link)). The steps, preceding the final conjugation with the DOTA-units (Schühle et al., 2009 (link)) included nitration (9a,b) of the upper rim of the calix[4]arene backbone (Kelderman et al., 1992 (link)) followed by the reduction (10a,b) of the nitro groups to the amines (Klimentová and Vojtíšek, 2007 (link)). ¹H NMR spectra were recorded at 25°C on Bruker Avance-400 spectrometer operating at 400.13 MHz and analyzed using Bruker™ TopSpin 2.1 software. The chemical shifts are reported in δ (ppm) using tetramethylsilane (TMS) as an internal reference. Ultra-filtration was performed with a Millipore stirred cell using an Amicon cellulose acetate membrane. All HPLC measurements were carried out on a Shimadzu LC-20 system consisting out of an LC-20AT pump, Sil-20A HT autosampler, CTO-20AC column oven, SPD-M20A PDA detector, CBM-20A controller, and a Waters Fraction Collector III; data processing was carried out using Shimadzu Lab Solutions. Both analytical and preparative methods were carried out operating at 40°C using eluents A: H₂O (95%), AcCN (5%), TFA (0.1%) and B: H₂O (5%), AcCN (95%), TFA (0.1%). Mobile phase gradient started with 75% A and 25% B, after 18 min followed by a change linear to 58% A and 42% B, after 2 min a change linear to 100% B, which was hold for 0.5 min and then chanced back to starting conditions stabilized for 3.5 min. Analytical measurements used a Waters Xterra 4.6 × 150 mm column and an injection volume of 1 μL, flow was 1 mL/min. Preparative HPLC was performed using Xbridge™ PrepShield RP18-OBD C18-19 × 150 mm column. Mass spectrometry analysis was done with electron spray ionization technique on Waters Qtof Premier MS using a NE-1000 syringe pump for direct infusion; data processing was carried out using Waters Masslynx. Qualitative luminescence measurements were done on a Jasco J815 CD spectrometer using 100 μL of sample in a 3 × 3 mm quartz cuvette. UV absorption spectra were measured on a UV2401 PC Shimadzu spectrometer. For quantitative luminescence measurements, the samples (either powders or solutions in Milli-Q water at concentration 2, 0.2, and 0.04 mM) were placed into 2.4 mm quartz capillaries and measured on a Horiba-Jobin-Yvon Fluorolog 3 spectrofluorimeter equipped with visible (220–800 nm, photon-counting unit R928P) and NIR (950–1,450 nm, photon-counting units H10330-45 from Hamamatsu or DSS-IGA020L Jobin-Yvon solid-state InGaAs detector, cooled to 77 K) detectors. All spectra were corrected for the instrumental functions. Luminescence lifetimes of Tb^III-complexes were determined under excitation at 300 nm provided by a Xenon flash lamp monitoring the signal at 545 nm (⁵D₄→⁷F₅ transition). Quantum yields were measured according to an absolute method using an integration sphere (GMP SA). Each sample was measured several times under slightly different experimental conditions. Estimated experimental error for quantum yields determination is 10%. Nile red (NR) fluorescence measurements were performed on a Jasco J-815 CD spectrometer. The temperature was controlled using a Jasco PFD 4252/15 Peltier temperature unit. All samples contained Nile red in 2 μM concentrations and were excited at 550 nm. The maximum Nile red emission wavelength (λ_max) was determined as a function of the calix[4]arene concentration.

Mayer F., Tiruvadi Krishnan S., Schühle D.T., Eliseeva S.V., Petoud S., Tóth É, & Djanashvili K. (2018). Luminescence Properties of Self-Aggregating TbIII-DOTA-Functionalized Calix[4]arenes. Frontiers in Chemistry, 6, 1.

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Publication 2018

Synthesis and Characterization of Chlorinated Benzene Boronic Acids

Cited 11 times

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Publication 2009

Acids Benzene Boronic Acids Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy diphenyl Esters Fingers Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Mass Spectrometry Nexus NMR, Multinuclear Palladium Phenols Polychlorinated Biphenyls Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization tetramethylsilane triphenylphosphine Workers

Lipid Synthesis and Characterization Protocol

Cited 10 times

Representative procedures are described here. Detailed procedures of synthesis and characterization of the lipids of different chain lengths are provided in Supporting Information. Glycerophosphocholine was from BACHEM (Torrance, CA). Lyso-phospholipids were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL). Other reagents were from Aldrich (Milwaukee, WI). Solvents were used either directly or purified and dried before use according to the standard protocol. TLC analyses were performed on 0.25-mm silica gel F₂₅₄ plates using a variety of developing systems: (A) CHCl₃/MeOH/NH₄OH (65/25/4), (B) CHCl₃/MeOH/NH₄OH (65/35/5), (C) CHCl₃/MeOH/H₂O (65/25/4), (D) hexane/EtOAc (2/1), (E) hexane/EtOAc (10/1), (F) hexane/EtOAc (5/1), (G) toluene/ether (9/1), (H) toluene/ether (1/1). High performance flash chromatography (HPFC) was carried out on a Biotage (Charlottesville, VA) Horizon™ HPFC™ system with pre-packed silica gel columns (60 Ǻ, 40–63 µm). Unless noted otherwise, the ratios describing the composition of solvent mixtures represent relative volumes. ¹H NMR spectra were acquired on a Varian 400 MHz instrument. Chemical shifts are expressed as parts per million using tetramethylsilane as internal standard. J values are in Hertz. MALDI-TOF mass spectra were obtained at the Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of California San Francisco. The general procedures used in the synthesis were described below.

Huang Z, & Szoka FC J.r. (2008). Sterol-Modified Phospholipids: Cholesterol and Phospholipid Chimeras with Improved Biomembrane Properties. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 130(46), 15702-15712.

Publication 2008

1H NMR Alabaster Anabolism Chloroform Chromatography Ethyl Ether Gel Chromatography Glycerylphosphorylcholine Lipids Mass Spectrometry n-hexane Phospholipids Silica Gel Silicon Dioxide Solvents Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization tetramethylsilane Toluene

Analytical Characterization of Organic Compounds

Cited 10 times

Reagents and solvents were purchased from Fischer Scientific, Sigma Aldrich™, Fluorochem™, or Alfa Aesar™, were of analytical reagent grade and were used as received. ¹H and ¹³C-NMR spectra were recorded, in specified deuterated solvents, (purchased from Apollo Scientific™), at room temperature on Bruker™ Avance-400 (¹H, ¹³C) (operating at 400.13 MHz) spectrometers and are reported as follows: chemical shift δ (ppm) (number of protons, multiplicity, coupling constant J (Hz) (if applicable), assignment). Multiplicities are reported using the following abbreviations: s (singlet), d (doublet), t (triplet), q (quartet) and m (unresolved multiplet). All ¹³C-NMR spectra were proton-decoupled and carbons are numbered according to the IUPAC systematic name. The ¹H and ¹³C chemical shifts are reported using the residual signal of deuterated solvent as the internal reference (for CDCl₃: δ_H = 7.26 ppm; δ_C = 77.16 ppm and for deuterated d⁶-DMSO: δ_H = 2.50 ppm; δ_C = 39.51 ppm). All chemical shifts are quoted in parts per million, relative to tetramethylsilane (δ_H, δ_C = 0.00 ppm). All coupling constants are ³J_HH unless otherwise stated. Electrospray Ionisation (ESI) mass spectra, for LC-MS results were obtained using a TQD mass spectrometer (Waters UK Ltd., Manchester, UK). High-resolution mass spectra were obtained with an LCT Premier XE mass spectrometer (Waters UK Ltd., Manchester, UK); all were obtained by the Durham University Mass Spectrometry service. ASAP mass spectra were obtained using a Waters™ Synapt G2s apparatus. Thin-Layer Chromatography was performed using Merck TLC Aluminium oxide 60 F254 with glass backing. Plates were stained with potassium permanganate solution, where required and visualised using UV light. Column chromatography refers to purification by applying the mixture, dissolved in a minimum amount of dichloromethane, onto silica gel (40–63 µm mesh size) with the stated solvent system.

Röder L., Nicholls A.J, & Baxendale I.R. (2019). Flow Hydrodediazoniation of Aromatic Heterocycles. Molecules, 24(10), 1996.

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Publication 2019

Carbon Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Methylene Chloride Oxide, Aluminum Potassium Permanganate Protons Silica Gel Solvents Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization Sulfoxide, Dimethyl tetramethylsilane Thin Layer Chromatography Triplets Ultraviolet Rays

Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Derivatives

Cited 8 times

Chemistry All chemical compounds were purchased from commercial suppliers of Merck and Aldrich companies. The purity of the prepared compounds was proved by thin layer chromatography (TLC) using various solvents of different polarities. Merck silica gel 60 F₂₅₄ plates were applied for analytical TLC. Column chromatography was performed on Merck silica gel (70-230 mesh) for purification obtained compounds. 1H-NMR spectra were recorded using a Brucker 200 MHz spectrometer, and chemical shifts were expressed as δ (ppm) with tetramethylsilane (TMS) as internal standard. The IR spectra were obtained on a Shimadzu 470 spectrophotometer (potassium bromide disks). Melting points were determined using electrothermal melting point analyzer apparatus and were uncorrected. The mass spectra were run on a Finigan TSQ-70 spectrometer (Finigan, USA) at 70 eV. All cell lines were purchased from the Pasteur Institute of Iran.
According to the Figure 3, 5-amino- 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol (1 (link)) was treated with 4-trifluoromethylphenylacetic acid for direct coupling of acid with amine. The reaction was carried out in the presence of EDC and hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) in acetonitrile as solvent. The termination of reaction was proved by thin layer chromatography (TLC). After completion, the solvent was evaporated using rotary evaporator apparatus and ethyl acetate and water were added. The aqueous phase was removed and the organic phase was washed two times by sodium bicarbonate 5%, diluted sulfuric acid and brine (16 (link)-19 ). Anhydrous sodium sulfate was added for drying and filtration was done. Ethyl acetate was removed under reduced pressure and a yellow powder was obtained. The obtained product was used after crystallization from ethanol for the next step. Various benzyl chloride derivatives were reacted with compound 2 for obtaining the final appropriate products (3a-3l). The 1H NMR, IR and MS spectra were used to confirm the synthesized compounds.
Synthesis of N-(5-Mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetamide (2)In a flask, equimolar amounts of 4-trifluoromethylphenylacetic acid, EDC and HOBtin acetonitrile solvent were stirred for 30 min and then equimolar quantity of 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol was added. The stirring condition was continued for 24 h. The end point of the reaction was determined by thin layer chromatography(TLC). Acetonitrile was removed under reduced pressure and ethyl acetate/water was added. The aqueous layer was removed and organic layer was washed two times by sodium bicarbonate 5%, diluted sulfuric acid and brine. Anhydrous sodium sulfate was added for drying and then filtered. The ethyl acetate was evaporated using rotary evaporator apparatus. The obtained yellowish solid was washed by dry ether and used for the next step.
mp. 171°C, Yield: 65%,C₁₁H₈F₃N₃OS₂, MW: 319 g/mol,1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 200 MHz) δ: 3.76 (s, 2H, -CH₂CO-), 3.95 (s, 1H, -SH), 7.58 (m, 2H, J = 8Hz), 8.19 (m, 2H, J = 8Hz, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl), 12.76 (brs, 1H, NH).IR (KBr, cm-1) ῡ: 3265, 1697, 1580, 1519, 1321, 1155, 1103, 1064, 821, 705.MS(m/z, %): M⁺⁺²: 322(10), M⁺: 320(10), 279(45), 276(35), 167(80), 159(95), 149(100), 133(15), 109(15), 71(15), 57(20).
General procedure for synthesis of compounds 3a-3lEquimolar quantities of appropriate benzyl chloride derivative was treated with 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-(5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)acetamide (2 (link)). Equimolar amount of potassium hydroxide in absolute ethanol was added to convert the thiol moiety to the thiolate anion. Then, the related benzyl chloride derivative was added to the reaction medium and reflux condition was performed for 24 h. Crushed ice was added and the precipitate filtered, washed by cool water and purified by appropriate procedures such as crystallization or column chromatography (EtOAC/Petroleum ether: 3/2).
N-(5-(2-Fluorobenzylthio)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetamide (3a)mp. 201 °C, Yield: 42%,C₁₈H₁₃F₄N₃OS₂, MW: 427 g/mol,1H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 200 MHz) δ: 4.00 (s, 2H, -CH₂CO-), 4.53 (s, 2H, -CH₂S-), 7.16-7.54 (m, 2-fluorobenzyl), 7.59 (d, 2H, J = 8 Hz, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl), 7.76 (d, 2H, J = 8 Hz, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl), 13.00 (s, NH). IR(KBr, cm^-1) ῡ: 3158, 3050, 2898, 1690, 1560, 1493, 1456, 1421, 1402, 1337, 1301, 1236, 1168, 1117, 1071, 1019, 972, 844, 757, 693, 655.MS(m/z, %): M⁺: 427(95), 377(60), 325(35), 297(30), 236(25), 236(15), 159(75), 109(100).
N-(5-(3-Fluorobenzylthio)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetamide (3b)mp. 190 °C, Yield: 58%,C₁₈H₁₃F₄N₃OS₂, MW: 427 g/mol,1H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 200 MHz) δ: 3.93 (s, 2H, -CH₂CO-), 4.53 (s, 2H, -CH₂S-), 7.01-7.47 (m, 3-fluorobenzyl), 7.58 (d, 2H, J = 8 Hz, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl), 7.75 (d, 2H, J = 8 Hz, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl), 12.98 (s, NH).IR(KBr, cm^-1) ῡ: 3448, 3156, 2916, 1699, 1562, 1488, 1358, 1326, 1172, 1110, 1068, 837.MS(m/z, %): M⁺: 427(85), 377(80), 325(40), 297(25), 236(20), 159(70), 109(100).
N-(5-(4-Fluorobenzylthio)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetamide (3c)mp. 166 °C, Yield: 40%,C₁₈H₁₃F₄N₃OS₂, MW: 427 g/mol,1H NMR (DMSO-d₆ , 200 MHz) δ: 3.99 (s, 2H, -CH₂CO-), 4.51 (s, 2H, -S-CH₂-), 7.24 (t, 2H, 4-fluorobenzyl), 7.48 (t, 2H, 4-fluorobenzyl), 7.58 (d, 2H, J = 8 Hz, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl), 7.75 (d, 2H, J = 8 Hz, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl), 12.97 (s, NH).IR(KBr, cm-1) ῡ: 3370, 3030, 2920, 2829, 1701, 1558, 1508, 1323, 1219, 1160, 1109, 1060, 835.MS(m/z, %): M+: 427(90), 377(75), 325(40), 297(30), 236(25), 159(75), 109(100).
N-(5-(2-Chlorobenzylthio)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetamide (3d)mp. 208 °C, Yield: 54%,C₁₈H₁₃ClF₃N₃OS₂, MW: 443 g/mol,1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 200 MHz) δ: 4.00 (s, 2H, -CH₂CO-), 4.59 (s, 2H, -CH2S-), 7.35 (m, 2-chlorophenyl), 7.48 (d, 2H, J = 12 Hz, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl), 7.55 (m, 2-chlorophenyl), 7.97(d, 2H, J = 12 Hz, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl), 13.00 (s, NH). IR(KBr, cm^-1) ῡ: 3447, 3165, 2922, 1700, 1570, 1445, 1326, 1171, 1109, 1067, 868, 759.MS(m/z, %): M⁺:443(10), 410(55), 409(85), 159(40), 127(50), 125(100), 109(10), 89(10).
N-(5-(3-Chlorobenzylthio)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetamide (3e)mp. 198 °C, Yield: 57%,C₁₈H₁₃ClF₃N₃OS₂, MW: 443 g/mol,1H NMR (DMSO-d6 , 200 MHz) δ: 4.00 (s, 2H, -CH₂CO-), 4.59 (s, 2H, -S-CH2-), 7.33-7.40 (m, 3-chlorobenzyl), 7.43 (d, 2H, J = 8 Hz, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl), 7.56 (m, 3-chlorobenzyl), 7.75 (d, 2H, J = 8 Hz, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl), 13.00 (s, NH).IR(KBr, cm^-1) ῡ: 3427, 3165, 2914, 2730, 1700, 1569, 1446, 1356, 1326, 1301, 1170, 1112, 1066, 868, 839, 759.MS(m/z, %): M⁺:443(15), 410(60), 409(65), 282(10), 159(55), 127(35), 125(100), 89(10).
N-(5-(4-Chlorobenzylthio)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetamide (3f)mp. 198 °C, Yield: 34%,C₁₈H₁₃ClF₃N₃OS₂, MW: 443 g/mol,1H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 200 MHz) δ: 3.99 (s, 2H, -CH₂CO-), 4.52 (s, 2H, -S-CH₂-), 7.38-7.48 (m, 4-chlorobenzyl), 7.58 (d, 2H, J = 8 Hz, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl), 7.78 (d, 2H, J = 8 Hz, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl), 12.97 (s, NH).IR(KBr, cm^-1) ῡ: 3440, 3130, 3040, 2877, 1690, 1556, 1334, 1163, 1118, 1068, 1020, 846, 745, 702.MS(m/z, %): M++1: 444(10), M⁺:443(10), 410(60), 409(80), 282(12), 178(12), 159(40), 127(50), 125(100), 109(10), 89(10).
N-(5-(3-Methoxybenzylthio)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetamide (3g)mp. 160 °C, Yield: 32%,C19H16F3N3O2S2, MW: 439 g/mol,1H NMR (DMSO-d₆ , 200 MHz) δ:1H NMR (DMSO-d₆ , 200 MHz) δ: 3.80 (s, 3H, -OCH₃), 3.99 (s, 2H, -CH₂CO-), 4.48 (s, 2H, -S-CH₂-),7.06(m, 3H, 3-methoxybenzyl), 7.32(m, 1H, 3-methoxybenzyl), 7.58(d, 2H, J = 8 Hz, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl), 7.75 (d, 2H, J = 8 Hz, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl), 12.97 (s, NH).IR(KBr, cm-1) ῡ:3167, 3038,2946, 1735, 1702, 1607, 1577, 1488, 1438, 1358, 1325, 1302, 1271, 1158, 1113, 1068, 839, 777, 736.MS(m/z, %): M⁺: 439(40), 159(75), 122(45), 121(100), 109(35).
N-(5-(4-Methoxybenzylthio)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetamide (3h)mp. 219 °C, Yield: 36%,C₁₉H₁₆F₃N₃O₂S₂, MW: 439 g/mol,1H NMR (DMSO-d6 , 200 MHz) δ: 3.76 (s, 3H, -OCH3), 3.99 (s, 2H, -CH₂CO-), 4.46 (s, 2H, -S-CH₂-), 6.92 (d, 2H, J = 8 Hz, 4-methoxybenzyl), 7.35 (d, 2H, J = 8 Hz, 4-methoxybenzyl), 7.58 (d, 2H, J = 8 Hz, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl), 7.75 (d, 2H, J = 8 Hz, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl), 12.96 (s, NH).IR(KBr, cm^-1) ῡ: 3265, 3045, 2870, 1691, 1554, 1510, 1400, 1332, 1298, 1170, 1122, 1107, 1066, 827. MS(m/z, %): M⁺⁺²: 441(15), M⁺⁺¹: 440(20), M⁺: 439(25), 159(60), 122(45), 121(100), 109(30).
N-(5-(2-Nitrobenzylthio)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetamide (3i)mp. 146 °C, Yield: 35%,C₁₈H₁₃F₃N₄O₃S₂, MW: 454 g/mol,1H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 200 MHz) δ: 4.00 (s, 2H, -CH₂CO^-), 4.79 (s, 2H, -CH₂S-), 7.49 (m, aromatic), 8.11 (m, aromatic), 8.21 (m, aromatic), 13.00 (s, NH). IR(KBr, cm^-1) ῡ: 3447, 3165, 2923, 1698, 1612, 1573, 1527, 1443, 1335, 1168, 1106, 1066, 830, 827, 702.MS(m/z,%): M⁺: 454(15), 270(35), 242(65), 225(15), 195(100), 179(65), 165(85), 136(70), 106(45), 90(50), 78(35).
N-(5-(3-Nitrobenzylthio)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetamide (3j)mp. 132 °C, Yield: 45%,C₁₈H₁₃F₃N₄O₃S₂, MW: 454 g/mol,1H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 200 MHz) δ: 3.84 (s, 2H, -CH₂CO-), 4.51 (s, 2H, -CH₂S-), 7.71(m, 5H, aromatic), 8.16(m, 3H, aromatic), 13(brs, NH).IR(KBr, cm-1) ῡ: 3318, 3154, 2850, 1692, 1629, 1562, 1527, 1508, 1487, 1348, 1329, 1163, 1117, 1073, 810, 747.MS(m/z,%): M⁺⁺¹: 455(7), M⁺: 454(15), 270(30), 242(75), 195(100), 179(70), 165(90), 136(60), 106(35), 90(45), 78(60).
N-(5-(4-Nitrobenzylthio)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetamide (3k)mp. 198 °C, Yield: 54%,C₁₈H₁₃F₃N₄O₃S₂, MW: 454 g/mol,1H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 200 MHz) δ: 3.99 (s, 2H, -CH₂CO-), 4.66 (s, 2H, -S-CH₂-),7.55(m, 2H, aromatic), 7.77(m, 4H, aromatic), 8.25(m, 2H, aromatic), 12.99(brs, NH).IR(KBr, cm-1) ῡ:3265, 3153, 3040, 2912, 2852, 1697, 1554, 1517, 1342, 1323, 1155, 1103, 1064, 1020, 960, 830.MS(m/z,%): M⁺⁺¹: 455(10), M⁺: 454(10), 270(40), 242(75), 225(40), 195(100), 179(95), 165(85), 136(60), 106(50), 90(50), 78(60).
N-(5-(Benzylthio)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetamide (3l)mp. 203 °C, Yield: 47%,C₁₈H₁₄F₃N₃OS₂, MW: 409 g/mol,1H NMR (DMSO-d₆ , 200 MHz) δ: 3.99 (s, 2H, -CH₂CO-), 4.52 (s, 2H, -S-CH₂-), 7.30-7.49 (m, 5H, benzyl), 7.58 (d, 2H, J = 8 Hz, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl), 7.75 (d, 2H, J = 8 Hz, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl), 12.97 (s, NH).IR(KBr, cm^-1) ῡ: 3375, 3040, 1701, 1556, 1508, 1323, 1294, 1220, 1159, 1107, 1066, 1020, 827, 700.MS(m/z, %): M⁺: 410(100), 409(95), 408(95), 159(75), 148(60), 91(75).
MTT assayDiverse derivatives of 1,3,4-thiadiazole (compounds 3a-3l) were tested for cytotoxic activity at 0.1-250 μg/mL concentration in three human cancer cell lines of PC3 cell (prostate cancer), U87 (gliobalstoma) and MDA (breast cancer). Cells from different cell lines were seeded in 96-well plates at the density of 8000–10,000 viable cells per well and incubated for 48 h to allow cell attachment.The cells were then incubated for another 48-96 h (depends to cell cycle of each cell line) with various concentrations of compounds 3a-3l. Cells were then washed inPBS, and 20 μL of MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide solution (5 mg/mL) were added to each well. An additional 4 h of incubation at 37°C were done, and then the medium was discarded. Dimethyl sulfoxide (60 μL) was added to each well, and the solution was vigorously mixed to dissolve the purple tetrazolium crystals. The absorbance of each well was measured by plate reader (Anthous 2020; Austria) at a test wavelength of 550 nm against a standard reference solution at 690 nm. The amount of produced purple formazan is proportional to the number of viable cells (16 (link)).

Aliabadi A., Hasanvand Z., Kiani A, & Mirabdali S.S. (2013). Synthesis and In-vitro Cytotoxicity Assessment of N-(5-(Benzylthio)-1,3,4- thiadiazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetamide with Potential Anticancer Activity. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research : IJPR, 12(4), 687-693.

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Publication 2013

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Metabolite Characterization by GC-MS, IR, and NMR

The chemical characteristics of the metabolites were investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), infrared spectroscopy (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and referencing of chemical shifts to tetramethylsilane (TMS Oxoid, UK) as an international standard.

Abdelaziz R., Tartor Y.H., Barakat A.B., EL-Didamony G., Gado M.M., Zaki M.S., Eid R.A, & El-Samadony H.A. (2024). Alpha-sitosterol: a new antiviral agent produced by Streptomyces misakiensis and its potential activity against Newcastle disease virus. BMC Veterinary Research, 20, 76.

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Publication 2024

NMR Spectroscopy Using Bruker Ascend 600

¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra for the samples dissolved in chloroform-d (with tetramethylsilane internal standard) were collected using a Bruker Ascend 600 MHz spectrometer. For measurements, standard experimental conditions and the standard Bruker program were applied.

Orszulak L., Lamrani T., Tarnacka M., Hachuła B., Jurkiewicz K., Zioła P., Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz A., Kamińska E, & Kamiński K. (2024). The Impact of Various Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) Polymers on the Crystallization Process of Metronidazole. Pharmaceutics, 16(1), 136.

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Publication 2024

Top products related to «Tetramethylsilane»

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The AV-400 spectrometer is a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) instrument manufactured by Bruker. It operates at a frequency of 400 MHz and is designed for conducting high-resolution NMR analyses. The AV-400 spectrometer provides accurate and reliable data for a range of applications.

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What are some common applications of Tetramethylsilane?

Tetramethylsilane (TMS) has several key applications in the field of chemistry. It is widely used as a standard reference compound in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy due to its sharp, singlet signal that serves as a convenient internal standard. TMS is also employed as a silylating reagent in organic synthesis, where it helps introduce silyl protecting groups to enhance the solubility and stability of various compounds. Additionally, TMS can function as a solvent in certain chemical applications, particularly in NMR sample preparation.

What are some common challenges or considerations when working with Tetramethylsilane?

One of the main challenges when working with Tetramethylsilane is its high volatility. TMS is a colorless, volatile organic compound, which means it can easily evaporate if not properly contained. This can lead to inconsistencies in concentration and potentially impact experimental results. Additionally, TMS has a distinctive odor that some researchers may find unpleasant. Proper ventilation and handling precautions are important when using TMS in the lab.

How can PubCompare.ai help researchers optimize and compare protocols involving Tetramethylsilane?

PubCompare.ai is a powerful tool that can assist researchers in optimizing and comparing protocols involving Tetramethylsilane. The platform's AI-driven analysis allows you to efficiently screen the literature and identify the most effective protocols related to TMS for your specific research goals. By leveraging the platform's critical insights, you can pinpoint key differences in protocol effectiveness, enabling you to choose the best option for reproducibility and accuracy. This can be particularly helpful when dealing with the challenges of TMS's volatility and ensuring consistent experimental results.

Are there any variations or different types of Tetramethylsilane that researchers should be aware of?

While Tetramethylsilane (TMS) is the most common and widely used form, there are some variants or derivatives that researchers may encounter. For exmple, isotopically labeled versions of TMS, such as deuterated Tetramethylsilane (d12-TMS), can be used in specialized NMR applications to provide additional structural information. These labeled compounds can be helpful in tracking the fate of specific carbon or hydrogen atoms during chemical reactions or other processes. Researchers should be aware of these specialized forms of TMS and their potential applications in their field of study.

More about "Tetramethylsilane"

Tetramethylsilane (TMS) is a colorless, volatile organic compound with the chemical formula Si(CH3)4.
It is a widely used standard reference compound in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, known for its sharp, singlet signal.
TMS is also employed as a silylation reagent in organic synthesis and as a solvent in various chemical applications.
Researchers can optimize and compare protocols for working with tetramethylsilane using the PubCompare.ai platform.
This AI-driven tool helps locate the most accurate and reproducible protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, enabling researchers to identify the best approach for their experiments.
When conducting NMR analysis, TMS is often used in conjunction with silica gel 60 F254 as a thin-layer chromatography (TLC) adsorbent, and Avance 400 or AV-400 spectrometers operating at 400 MHz for high-resolution NMR measurements.
The Avance III and Avance 500 spectrometers are also commonly used for TMS-based NMR studies.
By utilizing the PubCompare.ai platform, researchers can streamline their research on tetramethylsilane, optimizing experimental protocols and ensuring more accurate and reproducible results.
This comprehensive approach to protocol optimization and product selection empowers researchers to make informed decisions and advance their scientific investigations.