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Triclosan

Triclosan is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent commonly used in personal care products, such as soaps, toothpastes, and cosmetics.
It has been the subject of extensive reserach to explore its applications and potential risks.
PubCompare.ai helps optimize Triclosan research by leveraging AI-driven comparisons to identify the best protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, enhancing reproducibility and accuracy.
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Most cited protocols related to «Triclosan»

1
Measurement of Environmental Exposures
Cited 14 times
Samples collected at visit 1 were analyzed at the National Center for Environmental Health laboratories at CDC for nine phthalate metabolites [n = 1,149; monoethylphthalate (MEP), mono-butyl phthalate, mono-iso-butyl phthalate, mono-benzyl phthalate, mono-3-carboxypropyl phthalate, mono-2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate, mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxylhexyl) phthalate, mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate, and mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP)], seven phenols (benzophenone-3, bisphenol A, 2,5-dichlorophenol, triclosan; n = 1,149; methyl-, butyl-, and propyl- parabens, n = 1,059), and three phytoestrogens (daidzein, genistein, enterolactone; n = 1,150). Parabens were not measured early in the study. At least one urinary biomarker measurement was available among 1,151 girls, 985 with breast stages. We substituted limit of detection ( for results below the LOD. Adjustment for urine dilution was accomplished using creatinine, to account for difference in sampling (spot specimens at MSSM and KPNC, early-morning samples at Cincinnati) and interindividual variation in urine dilution. We included log-creatinine in models using continuous log-biomarker variables, and we created quintile cut points from creatinine-corrected concentrations (micrograms per gram creatinine). As previously described, to reduce multiple comparisons we combined the phthalate metabolites into two groups that represent similar sources and similar biologic activity, low- (< 250 Da) and high-molecular-weight (> 250 Da) phthalate metabolites (low MWP and high MWP) [details in Supplemental Material, Table 2 (doi:10.1289/ehp.0901690)]. We expressed high MWP molar sum as MEHP (molecular weight 278) and the low MWP as MEP (molecular weight 194) so that units were the same as the other analytes (micrograms per liter). Similarly, a molar sum of the paraben metabolites was created (paraben sum) expressed as propyl paraben (molecular weight 180.2). Models with the individual phthalate and paraben metabolites were consistent with the molar sum variables. Results using di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP)-sum metabolites were almost identical to those for the high MWP, and they represented 75% ± 16% (mean ± SD) of the high MWP biomarkers. Therefore, only the latter models are presented.
Laboratory techniques and quality control protocols are identical to those reported previously in a pilot study (Wolff et al. 2007 (link)). Briefly, urine undergoes an automated cleanup with enzymatic deconjugation, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography-isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry quantification (Kato et al. 2005 (link); Rybak et al. 2008 ; Ye et al. 2005 (link), 2006 ). In addition to the internal CDC quality control procedures, we incorporated approximately 10% masked quality control specimens (n = 101) from a single urine pool. The coefficients of variation (SD/mean concentration) were < 10% for 13 analytes and were between 10% and 21% for the remaining six biomarkers.
Wolff M.S., Teitelbaum S.L., Pinney S.M., Windham G., Liao L., Biro F., Kushi L.H., Erdmann C., Hiatt R.A., Rybak M.E, & Calafat A.M. (2010). Investigation of Relationships between Urinary Biomarkers of Phytoestrogens, Phthalates, and Phenols and Pubertal Stages in Girls. Environmental Health Perspectives, 118(7), 1039-1046.
Publication 2010
2,3-bis(3'-hydroxybenzyl)butyrolactone Biological Markers Biopharmaceuticals bisphenol A Breast Creatinine daidzein Diethylhexyl Phthalate Enzymes Genistein High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Isotopes Molar mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate mono-benzyl phthalate mono-isobutyl phthalate monoethyl phthalate oxybenzone Parabens Phenols phthalate Phthalate, Dibutyl Phytoestrogens propylparaben Tandem Mass Spectrometry Technique, Dilution Triclosan Urine Woman
2
Topical Therapies for Atopic Dermatitis Management
Cited 9 times

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Publication 2014
Adrenal Cortex Hormones Anti-Bacterial Agents Anti-Infective Agents, Local Antibiotics beta-thujaplicin cDNA Library Chlorhexidine Dermatitis, Atopic Dermatitis, Atopic, 2 Diagnosis Eczema Emollients Hydrocortisone Inhibitor, Calcineurin Microbicides Mupirocin Patients Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors Physicians, Family physiology pimecrolimus Potassium Permanganate Prognosis retapamulin Tacrolimus Tar, coal triclocarban Triclosan
3
Predictors of Triclosan Exposure in Mothers and Children
Cited 7 times
We examined sociodemographic and maternal factors as predictors of maternal or child urinary triclosan concentrations. Child sex and parity was obtained from medical charts, while trained research staff collected all remaining sociodemographic information (maternal and child race, household income, maternal education, and marital status) by administering standardized questionnaires to participating mothers at each study visit. Maternal depressive symptoms were measured at each visit using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)-II.32 (link) Depression may affect how a mother rates her child's behavior, which is an end point of interest for triclosan exposure. We also obtained the mothers' full scale IQ using the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence during postnatal visits.
We examined relations between urinary triclosan and other environmental exposures, including measures of maternal or childhood tobacco smoke, bisphenol A (BPA), and phthalate exposures. For mothers, we measured serum cotinine concentrations at 16 and 26 weeks of pregnancy and at the age 1, 2, and 3 year visits for children. We also measured BPA and five phthalate metabolites in maternal and child urine samples collected at the study visits (16 and 26 weeks for mothers, ages 1–5 and 8 years for children). The phthalates we examined were monoethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), monoisobutyl phthalate (MiBP), mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP), and mono-3-carboxypropyl phthalate (MCPP). We also calculated a summary measure of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (ΣDEHP), calculated as the molar sum of mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), mono-2-ethyl-5-oxo-hexyl phthalate (MEOHP), mono-2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl phthalate (MEHHP), and mono-2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate (MECPP). We did not measure MEHP and MiBP in urine collected at the age 1, 2, and 3 year visits because we detected these analytes in the inserts used for sample collection at those ages.
During the 8 year visit, we administered a questionnaire about chemical exposures to mothers to find out about their child's use of specific personal care products (e.g., shampoo, conditioner, hand soap, toothpaste, makeup use) in the past 24 h. We also asked about the child's frequency of hand washing.
Stacy S.L., Eliot M., Etzel T., Papandonatos G., Calafat A.M., Chen A., Hauser R., Lanphear B.P., Sathyanarayana S., Ye X., Yolton K, & Braun J.M. (2017). Patterns, Variability, and Predictors of Urinary Triclosan Concentrations during Pregnancy and Childhood. Environmental science & technology, 51(11), 6404-6413.
Publication 2017
2-methyl-5,6-cyclopentapyrimidine bisphenol A Child Cotinine Depressive Symptoms Diethylhexyl Phthalate Environmental Exposure Households Molar mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate mono-benzyl phthalate monobutyl phthalate monoethyl phthalate Mothers Nicotiana tabacum phthalate Pregnancy Serum Smoke Specimen Collection Toothpaste Triclosan Urine Wechsler Scales
4
TraDIS-Xpress: Assaying Essential Genes
Cited 6 times
Although the original TraDIS protocol has proved to be hugely powerful in assaying the role of the majority of genes of any given bacteria in surviving any given stress, essential genes cannot be assayed owing to the lethality of any insertions within them. To allow essential genes to be assayed for roles in any given stress, we included the use of an inducible, outward facing promoter into the transposon cassette. This allows controlled induction of transcription from the transposon insertion site: Inserts immediately upstream of or downstream from an essential gene will either up- or down-regulate the gene. Changes in the abundance of these inserts can therefore be assayed by our new TraDIS-Xpress protocol. To enable this approach, we included an outward-oriented IPTG-inducible tac promoter at the end of the kanamycin cassette, which allows controlled induction of expression with IPTG in E. coli (for controlled expression from the tac promoter in the transposon cassette as assayed using a beta-galactosidase assay, see Supplemental Fig. S6). We used E. coli strain BW25113 as a model organism for these experiments as E. coli has been well studied for triclosan mechanisms of action and resistance, is compatible with the use of the tac promoter for conditional changes in gene expression, and is the parent strain for the defined Keio-mutant library, allowing access to independent inactivation mutants to validate TraDIS predictions. Supplemental Table 3 shows all strains and vectors used in this study.
Yasir M., Turner A.K., Bastkowski S., Baker D., Page A.J., Telatin A., Phan M.D., Monahan L., Savva G.M., Darling A., Webber M.A, & Charles I.G. (2020). TraDIS-Xpress: a high-resolution whole-genome assay identifies novel mechanisms of triclosan action and resistance. Genome Research, 30(2), 239-249.
Publication 2020
beta-Galactosidase Biological Assay Cloning Vectors DNA Library Drug Kinetics Escherichia coli Gene Expression Genes Genes, Bacterial Genes, Essential Isopropyl Thiogalactoside Jumping Genes Kanamycin Lanugo Parent Strains Transcription, Genetic Triclosan
5
Prenatal Exposure to Environmental Phenols
Cited 6 times
Urine samples were collected between 22 and 29 gestational weeks. Women were asked to collect the first morning urine at home before the hospital study visit. If forgotten, the urine sample was collected at the hospital during the prenatal study visit. Urine samples were aliquoted and stored at −80°C. Measurements of 2,4- and 2,5-dichlorophenol, bisphenol A, benzophenone-3, triclosan, methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, and butylparabens,20 (link) and creatinine were performed at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, GA. Depending on the phenol biomarkers, the coefficients of variation of about 60 replicates in a period of 9 months were between 3% and 10% at concentrations ranging from around 2 to 70 ng/ml. Total paraben concentration (∑PB) was calculated by summing molar concentrations of the 4 parabens.
Sample shipments to CDC and phenol measurements were performed during 2 periods. Among the 191 male newborns in our previous study that assessed the associations of phenols with male genital anomalies and birth outcomes (weight, height, head circumference),15 (link),21 (link) 110 matched the inclusion criteria of the present study and were considered here. Their urine samples were analyzed for phenols in 2008. In 2011, we extended phenol measurements to the remaining 410 women matching the inclusion criteria (eFigure 1, http://links.lww.com/EDE/A801). Year of analysis was taken into account in statistical analyses (see below). The laboratory used the same analytic methodology to analyze all samples.
Philippat C., Botton J., Calafat A.M., Ye X., Charles M.A, & Slama R. (2014). Prenatal Exposure to Phenols and Growth in Boys. Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 25(5), 625-635.
Publication 2014
Biological Markers Birth bisphenol A Creatinine Head Infant, Newborn Male Genital Organs Males Molar oxybenzone Parabens Phenols Pregnancy Triclosan Urine Woman

Most recents protocols related to «Triclosan»

1
Adsorption of PPCPs using Carbon Nanomaterials
The use of CNT for the adsorption of PPCP constituents such as ketoprofen, carbamazepine, sulfamethoxazole and triclosan has been studied [6 (link),59 (link),60 (link),61 (link),62 (link)]. These studies revealed that CNT is highly effective in removing PPCP constituents, such as those mentioned. The effectiveness is influenced by the CNT’s surface chemistry and properties, together with the PPCP’s physicochemical properties. Detailed discussions on these properties are provided by Wang and Wang [6 (link)].
While these forms of carbon adsorption (CNT, AC, graphene, graphene oxide) processes are promising, their application in large-scale scenarios is hampered by the following:

The costs of graphene and graphene oxide are still prohibitive, and further research is required to lower them [58 (link)];

The aggregation of graphene sheets should be prevented to avoid a reduction in adsorption capacity by loading it onto low-cost materials [58 (link)];

Similarly, more research is required to simplify and lower the cost of CNT production;

As part of large-scale applications, it is important to regenerate the various forms of carbon adsorbents (AC, CNT, etc.), once they become exhausted, for reuse/recycling purposes [6 (link)].
Loganathan P., Vigneswaran S., Kandasamy J., Cuprys A.K., Maletskyi Z, & Ratnaweera H. (2023). Treatment Trends and Combined Methods in Removing Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products from Wastewater—A Review. Membranes, 13(2), 158.
Publication 2023
Adsorption Carbamazepine Carbon Graphene graphene oxide Ketoprofen Sulfamethoxazole Triclosan
2
Evaluating Synergistic Antimicrobial Effects
Cited 1 time
To study the effect of the compounds on bacterial growth, the overnight culture was diluted to an OD600 nm of 0.1 in fresh BHI and incubated in the absence or presence of various concentrations of each compound alone or in combination in 200 µL BHI in 96 flat-bottomed tissue culture plates (Corning Incorporated, Kennebunk, ME, USA). After a 24 h incubation at 37 °C in the presence of 5% CO2, the bacterial growth was determined by measuring the optical density at 600 nm using the M200 Infinite plate reader (Tecan Trading AG, Männedorf, Switzerland) [30 (link)]. Control samples got the same concentrations of ethanol as the treated samples. In parallel, untreated bacteria were incubated in BHI. The presence of ethanol at the concentrations used (0.0156–1%) had no effect on bacterial growth. BHI with the compounds in the absence of bacteria was used as background read. The percentage viability was determined by the following formula: % Viability=(OD600nm of treated sample−OD600nm of background)(OD600nm of control sample−OD600nm of background)×100%
The MIC was defined as the lowest concentration that inhibited visible growth of the bacteria (ISO 17,025 standard). To calculate whether the combined treatment is synergistic, additive, or antagonistic, the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) value was determined by the following formula [31 (link)]: FICI=MICA in combinationMICA alone+MICB in combinationMICB alone
where MICA is the MIC of compound A (in our case CBD), and MICB is the MIC of compound B (in our case triclosan). A synergistic effect is considered when the FICI value is lower than 0.5. FICI values between 0.5–1 is considered an additive effect. According to the formula, the reduction in the MIC values in combination need to be reduced more than 4-fold for each compound in order to obtain a FICI value lower than 0.5.
Avraham M., Steinberg D., Barak T., Shalish M., Feldman M, & Sionov R.V. (2023). Improved Anti-Biofilm Effect against the Oral Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans by Combined Triclosan/CBD Treatment. Biomedicines, 11(2), 521.
Publication 2023
antagonists Bacteria Combined Modality Therapy Ethanol M-200 mica MICA protein, human MICB protein, human Psychological Inhibition Tissues Triclosan Vision
3
CBD and Triclosan Dissolution Protocol
CBD (purity > 99%) was obtained from NC Labs (Prague, Czech Republic) and dissolved at 10 mg/mL in ethanol. Triclosan was obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA) and dissolved at 20 mg/mL in ethanol.
Avraham M., Steinberg D., Barak T., Shalish M., Feldman M, & Sionov R.V. (2023). Improved Anti-Biofilm Effect against the Oral Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans by Combined Triclosan/CBD Treatment. Biomedicines, 11(2), 521.
Publication 2023
Ethanol Triclosan
4
Vero Kidney Cell Cytotoxicity Assay
Cited 2 times
Vero kidney epithelial cells (ATCC CCL-81) kindly provided by Dr. Alexander Rouvinski, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, were seeded at 4 × 105 cells per well in a 96-well flat-bottomed tissue culture plate (Corning) in 200 µL DMEM (Sigma) supplemented with 8% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum (Sigma), 2 mM L-glutamine, 1 mM sodium pyruvate, 100 U/mL penicillin and 0.1 mg/mL streptomycin (Biological Industries, Beth HaEmek, Israel) and incubated at 37 °C in the presence of 5% CO2. On the following day, when a cell monolayer was formed, the medium was exchanged with 200 µL fresh medium containing the indicated concentrations of triclosan and/or CBD followed by a 24 h incubation. At the end of incubation, the cell morphology was inspected under a light microscope, and the cells were either stained with 0.1% CV solution for 20 min at room temperature or MTT was added to the medium at a final concentration of 0.5 mg/mL followed by a 30 min incubation at 37 °C. The cells were washed in PBS and the absorbance at 595 and 570 nm was measured for the CV-stained and MTT-exposed cells, respectively, using the M200 infinite Tecan plate reader.
Avraham M., Steinberg D., Barak T., Shalish M., Feldman M, & Sionov R.V. (2023). Improved Anti-Biofilm Effect against the Oral Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans by Combined Triclosan/CBD Treatment. Biomedicines, 11(2), 521.
Publication 2023
Biopharmaceuticals Cells Epithelial Cells Fetal Bovine Serum Glutamine Kidney Light Microscopy M-200 Penicillins Pyruvate Sodium Streptomycin Tissues Triclosan Vero Cells
5
Multiethnic Cohort Study of Maternal-Infant Health

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Publication 2023
BLOOD Child Children's Health Communicable Diseases Cough Diarrhea Ethics Committees, Research Feces Fetus Fever Freezing Genital Infantilism Hispanics Households Infant Latinx Metagenome Milk Mothers Nose Obstetric Delivery Parent Physicians Pregnant Women Sleep Specimen Collection triclocarban Triclosan Upper Respiratory Infections Urine

Top products related to «Triclosan»

1
Triclosan by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Sao Tome and Principe
Triclosan is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent used in various laboratory applications. It is effective against a wide range of bacteria, fungi, and some viruses. Triclosan is commonly used in disinfectants, antiseptics, and other products to inhibit the growth of microorganisms.
2
Irgasan by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom
Irgasan is a chemical compound used as a preservative and disinfectant in various products. It has antimicrobial properties and is commonly used in personal care and cleaning products.
3
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Italy, Sao Tome and Principe, France, Macao, India, Canada, Switzerland, Japan, Australia, Spain, Poland, Belgium, Brazil, Czechia, Portugal, Austria, Denmark, Israel, Sweden, Ireland, Hungary, Mexico, Netherlands, Singapore, Indonesia, Slovakia, Cameroon, Norway, Thailand, Chile, Finland, Malaysia, Latvia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Pakistan, Uruguay, Bangladesh
DMSO is a versatile organic solvent commonly used in laboratory settings. It has a high boiling point, low viscosity, and the ability to dissolve a wide range of polar and non-polar compounds. DMSO's core function is as a solvent, allowing for the effective dissolution and handling of various chemical substances during research and experimentation.
4
Bisphenol a by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Poland, France, Canada, Italy
Bisphenol A is a chemical compound used in the manufacturing of various laboratory equipment and materials. It serves as a key component in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Bisphenol A is primarily utilized for its structural properties and versatility in laboratory applications.
5
Acetone by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, United Kingdom, Italy, India, Spain, China, Poland, Switzerland, Australia, France, Canada, Sweden, Japan, Ireland, Brazil, Chile, Macao, Belgium, Sao Tome and Principe, Czechia, Malaysia, Denmark, Portugal, Argentina, Singapore, Israel, Netherlands, Mexico, Pakistan, Finland
Acetone is a colorless, volatile, and flammable liquid. It is a common solvent used in various industrial and laboratory applications. Acetone has a high solvency power, making it useful for dissolving a wide range of organic compounds.
6
Methanol by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, Italy, India, United Kingdom, China, France, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, Australia, Canada, Sao Tome and Principe, Brazil, Ireland, Japan, Belgium, Portugal, Singapore, Macao, Malaysia, Czechia, Mexico, Indonesia, Chile, Denmark, Sweden, Bulgaria, Netherlands, Finland, Hungary, Austria, Israel, Norway, Egypt, Argentina, Greece, Kenya, Thailand, Pakistan
Methanol is a clear, colorless, and flammable liquid that is widely used in various industrial and laboratory applications. It serves as a solvent, fuel, and chemical intermediate. Methanol has a simple chemical formula of CH3OH and a boiling point of 64.7°C. It is a versatile compound that is widely used in the production of other chemicals, as well as in the fuel industry.
7
Acetonitrile by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, Italy, India, China, United Kingdom, France, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, Australia, Canada, Brazil, Sao Tome and Principe, Ireland, Belgium, Macao, Japan, Singapore, Mexico, Austria, Czechia, Bulgaria, Hungary, Egypt, Denmark, Chile, Malaysia, Israel, Croatia, Portugal, New Zealand, Romania, Norway, Sweden, Indonesia
Acetonitrile is a colorless, volatile, flammable liquid. It is a commonly used solvent in various analytical and chemical applications, including liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and other laboratory procedures. Acetonitrile is known for its high polarity and ability to dissolve a wide range of organic compounds.
8
Chlorhexidine by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China
Chlorhexidine is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent commonly used in medical and laboratory settings. It is effective against a wide range of bacteria, fungi, and some viruses. Chlorhexidine is often used for disinfection and sterilization of surfaces, equipment, and hands.
9
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Belgium, Germany, Canada, France, China, Australia, India, Italy, Switzerland, Spain, Denmark, Portugal, Japan, Austria, New Zealand, Panama, Netherlands, Norway, Thailand
DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide) is a versatile solvent commonly used in various laboratory applications. It has a high boiling point and is miscible with water and many organic solvents. DMSO serves as an effective medium for dissolving a wide range of chemical compounds, making it a valuable tool in research and development settings.
10
Triclocarban by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom
Triclocarban is a synthetic compound used in various laboratory applications. It functions as an antimicrobial agent, inhibiting the growth of certain bacteria and fungi. The core function of triclocarban is to provide a controlled environment for scientific experiments and research by limiting microbial contamination.

More about "Triclosan"

Triclosan, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, is commonly used in a variety of personal care products such as soaps, toothpastes, and cosmetics.
It has been extensively researched to explore its applications and potential risks.
Irgasan, the trade name for Triclosan, is often used interchangeably.
Triclosan research can be optimized by leveraging AI-driven comparisons through platforms like PubCompare.ai, which helps identify the best protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, enhancing reproducibility and accuracy.
Triclosan can be used in combination with other chemicals like DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide), which acts as a penetration enhancer, or Bisphenol A, which is used as a plasticizer.
Additionally, solvents like Acetone, Methanol, and Acetonitrile are commonly used in Triclosan-related studies.
Chlorhexidine, another antimicrobial agent, may also be compared to Triclosan in research.
Triclocarban, a similar antimicrobial compound, is sometimes studied alongside Triclosan.
By exploring the synergies and differences between Triclosan and these related terms, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of its applications, efficacy, and potential risks.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven comparisons can help streamline this process, ensuring that Triclosan research is conducted efficiently and with the highest level of reproducibility and accuracy.