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Urethane

Urethane, also known as ethyl carbamate, is a versatile organic compound with diverse applications in various industries.
It is used as a solvent, a plasticizer, and a research tool in the life sciences.
Urethane exhibits unique properties, including low toxicity and high stability, which make it valuable for a wide range of applications.
This MeSH term provides a concise overview of urethane's chemical structure, functionality, and research applications, helping researchers optimzie their protocols and enhance the reproducibility of their studies.

Most cited protocols related to «Urethane»

1
Twitcher Mouse Genotyping and Surgical Procedures
Cited 330 times
The Twitcher mouse colony (Twi+/− C57BL6 mice; Jackson Labs) was generously donated by Dr. A. Biffi (San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Milan, Italy). Animals were maintained and used according to the protocols and ethical guidelines approved by the Ministry of Health, as per Italian law (Permit Number: 0004419).
Genomic DNA was extracted from the clipped tails of mice by Proteinase K lysis buffer as previously described42 (link). The genetic status of each mouse was determined from the genome analysis of the twitcher mutation, as reported in ref. 31 (link). TWI male mice at P30 and P15 and their WT male littermates were used for experiments, while the TWI-Het littermates for the TWI colony maintenance31 (link), 42 (link). Surgical procedures for fixation were performed under urethane anesthesia (Sigma, 0.8 ml/hg), and all efforts were made to minimize mice suffering.
Cappello V., Marchetti L., Parlanti P., Landi S., Tonazzini I., Cecchini M., Piazza V, & Gemmi M. (2016). Ultrastructural Characterization of the Lower Motor System in a Mouse Model of Krabbe Disease. Scientific Reports, 6, 1.
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Publication 2016
Anesthesia Animals Buffers Endopeptidase K Genome Males Mice, House Mutation Operative Surgical Procedures Reproduction Tail Therapy, Gene Urethane
2
Electrochemical Monitoring of Dopamine Release
Cited 71 times

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Publication 2011
A Fibers Capillaries Carbon Cortex, Cerebral Rattus Urethane
3
Patch-Clamp Recordings in Cerebellar Cortex
Cited 29 times
In vivo patch-clamp recordings were made from mossy fibre boutons and granule cells in folia Crus I and IIa of the cerebellar cortex of freely breathing 18–27-day-old Sprague–Dawley rats anaesthetized with urethane (1.2 g kg−1) or with a ketamine (50 mg kg−1) / xylazine (5 mg kg−1) mixture as previously described1 (link), 46 (link). Sensory responses were evoked by an air puff (30-70 ms, 60 p.s.i.) timed by a Picospritzer (General Valve, USA) and delivered to the ipsilateral perioral surface1 (link). Patch-clamp recordings from mossy fibre boutons and granule cells in vitro were made under visual guidance in cerebellar slices (200 μm thick) prepared using standard techniques47 (link). The recording chamber was continuously perfused with external solutions and maintained at physiological temperature (35 - 36 °C). Mossy fibre boutons were visualized using an infrared differential interference contrast microscope (Olympus), with identification confirmed by biocytin staining following each experiment. EPSCs were evoked by extracellular stimulation (100 μs, typically 5 - 15 V) at 0.5 Hz, unless otherwise stated, using a monopolar electrode or a bipolar electrode made from a theta-capillary filled with external solution and placed in the granule cell layer, ~50 μm from the recording site. EPSCs from single mossy fibre inputs were identified by their all-or-none appearance when the stimulation strength was gradually increased15 (link) (see Supplementary Fig. 3). For both in vivo and in vitro experiments, patch pipettes (6 - 9 MΩ for presynaptic bouton recordings, and 5 - 8 MΩ for granule cell recordings) were filled with a K-methanesulphonate-based internal solution. Current-clamp and voltage-clamp recordings were made using Multiclamp 700A amplifiers (Molecular Devices). Data are given as mean ± s.e.m. See Supplementary Methods for further details.
Rancz E.A., Ishikawa T., Duguid I., Chadderton P., Mahon S, & Häusser M. (2007). High-fidelity transmission of sensory information by single cerebellar mossy fibre boutons. Nature, 450(7173), 1245-1248.
Publication 2007
biocytin Capillaries Cells Cerebellum Cortex, Cerebellar Cytoplasmic Granules Fibrosis Ketamine Leg Medical Devices methanesulfonate Microscopy, Differential Interference Contrast Mosses physiology Plant Leaves Presynaptic Terminals Rats, Sprague-Dawley Urethane Xylazine
4
Neonatal Porcine Skin and Skin Simulants for Microneedle Penetration Assessment
Cited 27 times
Full thickness neonatal porcine skin can be considered a good model for human skin in terms of hair sparseness and physical properties (Meyer, 1996 (link)). It was obtained from stillborn piglets and excised <24.0 h after birth. Full thickness skin (≈0.5 mm) was then stored in aluminium foil at −20.0 °C until further use. Two sections of skin were placed together, with the dermal side contacting each other, such that the stratum corneum surface was exposed at either side, giving a total skin thickness of about 1 mm. This was then utilised for the OCT assessment of MN penetration.
As an alternative to neonatal porcine skin, Parafilm M® (PF) film and a needle testing polyurethane film were used as skin simulants. A sheet of Parafilm was folded to get an eight-layer film (≈1 mm thickness) and a poly(urethane) needle testing film (Deka®) was used as received (0.4 mm thickness). The skin/Parafilm® was then placed onto a sheet of expanded poly(ethylene) for support.
Two insertion methods were carried out: manual and Texture Analyser insertion. For manual insertion, different volunteers were recruited to apply the MN arrays following the same instructions as in the force measurement experiment. The Texture Analyser insertion was performed using a TA.XTPlus Texture Analyser (Stable Micro Systems, Surrey, UK) in compression mode. MN arrays were placed on the surface of the skin/artificial membrane and sticky tape (Office Depot, Boca Raton, USA) was carefully applied on the upper surface without applying force (Fig. 1D). The probe was lowered onto the skin/artificial membrane at a speed of 0.5 mm s−1 until the required force was exerted. Forces were held for 30 s and varied from 10 N to 50 N per array. Once the target force was reached, the probe was moved upwards at a speed of 0.5 mm s−1.
Larrañeta E., Moore J., Vicente-Pérez E.M., González-Vázquez P., Lutton R., Woolfson A.D, & Donnelly R.F. (2014). A proposed model membrane and test method for microneedle insertion studies. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 472(1-2), 65-73.
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Publication 2014
Aluminum ARID1A protein, human Birth Brown Oculocutaneous Albinism Hair Homo sapiens Infant, Newborn Membranes, Artificial Needles Physical Processes Pigs Poly A Polyethylenes Polyurethanes Skin Skin, Artificial Tissue, Membrane Urethane Voluntary Workers
5
Quantifying EBD Extraction in Tissue
Cited 25 times
Eight rats were used for the in vivo experiments, which were performed under deep urethane anesthesia (4 g/kg, i.p.). Each rat was placed on a heating pad to maintain body temperature throughout the experiment. The right femoral vein and artery were cannulated. EBD, which was prepared as a 4% solution in 0.9% saline, was injected as a single bolus dose of 2 ml/kg via the venous cannula. After a 120 min period to enable uniform blood distribution, the EBD-stained blood was collected from the arterial cannula. The blood samples were placed on ice until centrifugation at 10,000 × g to sediment blood cells, and the EBD-stained plasma supernatants were collected in separate tubes. EBD extraction from plasma was accomplished via the addition of 50% TCA at 1:1-1:3 volume–ratios, which resulted in a [TCAfinal] of 25.0, 33.3, and 37.5%, respectively. Immediately following blood collection, each rat was thoroughly perfused with 0.9% saline to rid the circulation of remaining dye, and the perfused brain and liver tissues were collected. For extraction, the brain and liver tissues were placed in 1:1–1:5 weight (mg):volume (µl) ratios of 50% TCA, and they were homogenized for 5 min (continuous beating) using a metal-bead homogenizer (BULLET BLENDER® BBX24). The TCA/extracts from the plasma, brain, and liver samples were centrifuged at 10,000 × g for 20 min to remove precipitates, tissue debris, and metal beads, and the supernatants were added to a 96-well plate (30 µl per well, each plate supplemented with 90 µl of 95% ethanol and thoroughly mixed by pipetting) for fluorescence spectroscopy (620 nm/680 nm).
Wang H.L, & Lai T.W. (2014). Optimization of Evans blue quantitation in limited rat tissue samples. Scientific Reports, 4, 6588.
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Publication 2014
Anesthesia Arteries BLOOD Blood Cells Body Temperature Brain Cannula Centrifugation Ethanol Fluorescence Spectroscopy Liver Metals Normal Saline Plasma Tissues Urethane Vein, Femoral Veins

Most recents protocols related to «Urethane»

1
Synthesis of Methacrylate-Functionalized Siloxane Polymer
Not available on PMC !

Example 22

To a four-necked flask (1 L volume) equipped with stirring blades, a thermometer, a dropping funnel and a condenser tube, 500 mL of toluene, 30.6 g (0.11 mol) of 4,4′-(propane-2,2-diyl)bis(isocyanate-benzene), and 63.1 mg of p-methoxyphenol were added and dissolved. Next, 14.3 g (0.11 mol) of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate was weighed in a beaker, 150 mL of toluene was added, and the mixture was stirred thoroughly and transferred to a dropping funnel. The four-necked flask was immersed in an oil bath heated to 80° C., and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate was added dropwise with stirring. After completion of the dropwise addition, the reaction was continued while maintaining the temperature of an oil bath for 24 hours, leading to aging. After completion of the aging, the four-necked flask was removed from the oil bath and the reaction product was returned to room temperature, and then HPLC and FT-IR measurements were performed. Analysis conditions of the HPLC measurement are as follows: a column of ZORBAX-ODS, acetonitrile/distilled water of 7/3, a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min, a multi-scanning UV detector, an RI detector and an MS detector. The FT-IR measurement was performed by an ATR method. As a result of the HPLC measurement, the raw materials 4,4′-(propane-2,2-diyl)bis(isocyanate-benzene) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate disappeared and a new peak of 2-(((4-(2-(4-isocyanate-phenyl)propane-2-yl)phenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)ethyl methacrylate (molecular weight 408.45) was confirmed. As a result of FT-IR measurement, a decrease in isocyanate absorption intensity at 2280-2250 cm−1 and a disappearance of hydroxy group absorption near 3300 cm−1 were confirmed, and a new absorption attributed to urethane group at 1250 cm−1 was confirmed. Next, to a toluene solution containing 40.8 g (0.10 mol) of the precursor compound synthesized in the above procedure, 22.2 g (0.10 mol) of 3-(triethoxysilyl)propan-1-ol was added dropwise with stirring. The reaction was performed with the immersion in an oil bath heated to 80° C. in the same way as in the first step. After completion of the dropwise addition, the reaction was continued for 24 hours, leading to aging. After completion of the aging, HPLC and FT-IR measurements were performed. As a result of the HPLC measurement, the peaks of the raw materials 2-(((4-(2-(4-isocyanate-phenyl)propane-2-yl)phenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)ethyl methacrylate and 3-(triethoxysilyl)propan-1-ol disappeared and 2-(((4-(2-(4-(((3-(triethoxysilyl)propoxy)carbonyl)amino)phenyl)propan-2-yl)phenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)ethyl methacrylate (molecular weight 630.81) was confirmed. As a result of FT-IR measurement, a disappearance of isocyanate absorption at 2280-2250 cm−1 and a disappearance of hydroxy group absorption near 3300 cm−1 were confirmed. The chemical structure formula of the compound synthesized in this synthetic example are described below.

[Figure (not displayed)]

US11866590B2. Diisocyanate-based radical polymerizable silane coupling compound having an urethane bond (2024-01-09). KABUSHIKI KAISHA SHOFU [JP]. Inventors: Kiyomi Fuchigami [JP], Kenzo Yamamoto [JP], Naoya Kitada [JP], Kazuya Shinno [JP].
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Patent 2024
2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate acetonitrile Anabolism Bath Benzene ethylmethacrylate High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Isocyanates Propane Silanes Submersion Thermometers Toluene Urethane
2
Synthesis of Tert-Butyl N-(2-Aminoethyl)-N-Methyl-Carbamate Derivative
Not available on PMC !

Example 109

[Figure (not displayed)]

The mixture of compound 117-1 (0.03 g, 94.8 umol, 1 eq), HATU (54.1 mg, 0.14 mmol, 1.5 eq) and DIPEA (36.7 mg, 0.28 mmol, 49.5 uL, 3 eq) in DMF (1 mL) was stirred at 25° C. for 1 hr. tert-butyl N-(2-aminoethyl)-N-methyl-carbamate (19.8 mg, 0.11 mmol, 20.3 uL, 1.2 eq) was added into the reaction. The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for another 1 hr. LCMS showed the reaction was complete. The mixture was partitioned between EA (5 mL) and brine (5 mL). The organic layer was washed with brine (5 mL), dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuum to afford the crude product. The crude product was purified by prep-HPLC. The title compound (6 mg, 12.5 umol, 13.2% yield) was obtained as white solid. LCMS (ESI): RT=0.878 min, mass calcd for C26H27F3N2O3. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.48 (br d, J=14.6 Hz, 1H), 8.07 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.93-7.82 (m, 4H), 7.74-7.64 (m, 3H), 7.59 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 3.64-3.58 (m, 1H), 3.58-3.54 (m, 1H), 3.65-3.51 (m, 2H), 2.97 (br s, 3H), 1.39 (br d, J=18.8 Hz, 9H).

US11866431B2. Bicyclic compounds (2024-01-09). Vivace Therapeutics, Inc. [US]. Inventors: Andrei W. Konradi [US], Tracy Tzu-Ling Tang Lin [US].
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Patent 2024
1H NMR brine DIPEA High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Lincomycin N-methylcarbamate TERT protein, human Urethane Vacuum
3
Synthesis of Fluorescent Probe with PEG Linker
Not available on PMC !

Example 70

[Figure (not displayed)]

The mixture of compound 75-1 (50 mg, 0.15 mmol, 1 eq), DIEA (30.6 mg, 0.23 mmol, 41.3 uL, 1.5 eq) and HATU (90.1 mg, 0.23 mmol, 1.5 eq) in DCM (1 mL) was stirred at 25° C. for 1 hr. Then tert-butyl N-[2-[2-[2-[2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl]carbamate (53.1 mg, 0.15 mmol, 1 eq) was added at the mixture and the mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 1 hr. LC-MS and HPLC showed the desired compound was detected. The reaction mixture was diluted with H2O (10 mL) and the mixture was extracted with EA (10 mL*3). The combined organic phase was washed with brine (10 mL*3), dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC. The title compound (25 mg, 39.3 umol, 24.9% yield) was obtained as yellow oil. LCMS (ESI): RT=0.886 min, mass calc. for C33H41F3N2O7 634.68, m/z found 657.1 [M+Na]+; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 1.43 (s, 9H), 3.18 (t, J=5.52 Hz, 2H), 3.44 (t, J=5.52 Hz, 2H), 3.49-3.54 (m, 2H), 3.54-3.59 (m, 2H), 3.59-3.63 (m, 2H), 3.64-3.68 (m, 4H), 3.69 (s, 3H), 3.71-3.76 (m, 2H), 7.59 (d, J=7.03 Hz, 1H), 7.64-7.74 (m, 3H), 7.81-7.94 (m, 4H), 8.09 (d, J=8.28 Hz, 1H), 8.51 (s, 1H).

US11866431B2. Bicyclic compounds (2024-01-09). Vivace Therapeutics, Inc. [US]. Inventors: Andrei W. Konradi [US], Tracy Tzu-Ling Tang Lin [US].
Full text: Click here
Patent 2024
1H NMR brine Carbamates High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Lincomycin N,N-diisopropylethylamine TERT protein, human Urethane Vacuum
4
Synthesis of Compound 645 Derivative
Not available on PMC !

Example 143

[Figure (not displayed)]

To a solution of compound 645 (0.050 g, 0.0549 mmol, 1.0 eq.) and tert-butyl (2-(2-(2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)carbamate (0.024 g, 0.0824 mmol, 1.5 eq.) in anhydrous DCM (10 mL) at 0° C. was added EDCI (0.032 g, 0.1647 mmol, 3.0 eq.). After stirring for 10 minutes, the reaction was warmed to r.t. and stirred overnight. The mixture was then diluted with DCM and washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, concentrated and purified by SiO2 column chromatography (DCM/MeOH) to give the title compound as a yellow foamy solid (0.030 g, 46% yield). ESI m/z calcd for C58H92N9O15S [M+H]+: 1186.6, found: 1186.6.

US11873281B2. Conjugates of cell binding molecules with cytotoxic agents (2024-01-16). HANGZHOU DAC BIOTECH CO., LTD. [CN], None [US], None [CN], None [CN]. Inventors: R. Yongxin Zhao [US], Yue Zhang [CN], Yourang Ma [CN].
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Patent 2024
Anabolism brine Chromatography TERT protein, human Urethane
5
N-Boc Amine Coupling to Heterocyclic Compound
Not available on PMC !

Example 49

[Figure (not displayed)]

To a solution of compound 49-1 (50 mg, 0.16 mmol, 1 eq) and tert-butyl N-[2-[2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl]carbamate (47.1 mg, 0.19 mmol, 1.2 eq) in DCM (1 mL) was added HATU (90.2 mg, 0.24 mmol, 1.5 eq) and DIEA (30.7 mg, 0.24 mmol, 41.3 uL, 1.5 eq). The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 2 hr. LCMS showed the starting material was consumed and the desired mass wad detected. H2O (30 mL) was added to the solution. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (35 mL*3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (60 mL*2), dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC. The title compound (16.8 mg, 30.6 umol, 19.3% yield) was obtained as a white solid. LCMS (ESI): RT=0.889 min, mass calc. for C29H33F3N2O5 546.58, m/z found 569.1 [M+Na]+; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.74 (br t, J=5.5 Hz, 1H), 8.56 (s, 1H), 8.12 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 8.15-8.09 (m, 1H), 7.96-7.90 (m, 3H), 7.81 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.77-7.67 (m, 3H), 7.60 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 6.76 (br s, 1H), 3.62-3.46 (m, 8H), 3.41-3.35 (m, 3H), 3.05 (q, J=5.9 Hz, 2H), 1.36 (s, 9H).

US11866431B2. Bicyclic compounds (2024-01-09). Vivace Therapeutics, Inc. [US]. Inventors: Andrei W. Konradi [US], Tracy Tzu-Ling Tang Lin [US].
Full text: Click here
Patent 2024
1H NMR brine ethyl acetate High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Lincomycin N,N-diisopropylethylamine Sulfoxide, Dimethyl TERT protein, human Urethane Vacuum

Top products related to «Urethane»

1
Urethane by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Poland, Italy, China, Sao Tome and Principe, Spain, Australia, Macao, Canada
Urethane is a synthetic material used in the manufacture of various laboratory equipment. It is known for its durability, chemical resistance, and versatility. The core function of urethane is to provide a reliable and durable material for the construction of various lab instruments and equipment.
2
Vt1000 by Leica
Sourced in Germany, United States, France, United Kingdom, Israel, Japan, Switzerland, Canada, Belgium
The VT1000S is a vibratome, a precision instrument used for sectioning biological samples, such as tissues or organs, into thin slices for microscopic examination or further processing. The VT1000S provides consistent and accurate sectioning of samples, enabling researchers to obtain high-quality tissue sections for a variety of applications.
3
Ethyl carbamate by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Ethyl carbamate is a chemical compound used as a laboratory reagent. It is a colorless crystalline solid with a melting point of 49-51°C. Ethyl carbamate is commonly used in various chemical and biological applications, but a detailed description of its core function is not available while maintaining an unbiased and factual approach.
4
Cryostat by Leica
Sourced in Germany, United States, Japan, United Kingdom, France, Australia, Canada, Denmark, Italy, Singapore, Switzerland, Israel
The Cryostat is a specialized piece of laboratory equipment used for the sectioning of frozen tissue samples. It maintains a controlled low-temperature environment, enabling the precise and consistent cutting of delicate specimens for microscopic analysis and examination.
5
Micro bca protein assay kit by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Japan, China, Canada, Australia, Switzerland, Denmark, Austria
The Micro BCA Protein Assay Kit is a colorimetric detection method for the quantification of protein concentrations. The kit utilizes the bicinchoninic acid (BCA) reaction to determine the total protein content of a sample.
6
Powerlab by ADInstruments
Sourced in Australia, United States, United Kingdom, New Zealand, Germany, Japan, Spain, Italy, China
PowerLab is a data acquisition system designed for recording and analyzing physiological signals. It provides a platform for connecting various sensors and transducers to a computer, allowing researchers and clinicians to capture and analyze biological data.
7
Powerlab system by ADInstruments
Sourced in Australia, United States, United Kingdom, New Zealand, Germany, Japan, Canada
The PowerLab system is a versatile data acquisition hardware platform designed for laboratory research and teaching applications. It offers a range of input channels and signal conditioning options to accommodate a variety of experimental setups. The PowerLab system is capable of recording and analyzing various physiological signals, enabling researchers to capture and study relevant data for their studies.
8
Paraformaldehyde (pfa) by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Italy, France, Macao, Australia, Canada, Sao Tome and Principe, Japan, Switzerland, Spain, India, Poland, Belgium, Israel, Portugal, Singapore, Ireland, Austria, Denmark, Netherlands, Sweden, Czechia, Brazil
Paraformaldehyde is a white, crystalline solid compound that is a polymer of formaldehyde. It is commonly used as a fixative in histology and microscopy applications to preserve biological samples.
9
Vt1200 by Leica
Sourced in Germany, United States, United Kingdom, Japan, Australia, Canada, Israel, Switzerland
The VT1200S is a vibrating microtome designed for precision sectioning of biological samples. It features a high-precision feed system and a stable base for consistent, uniform sectioning.
10
Mp150 by Biopac
Sourced in United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Germany
The MP150 is a data acquisition system designed for recording physiological signals. It offers high-resolution data capture and features multiple input channels to accommodate a variety of sensor types. The MP150 is capable of acquiring and analyzing data from various biological and physical measurements.

More about "Urethane"

Urethane, also known as ethyl carbamate, is a versatile organic compound with a wide range of applications.
This chemical is used as a solvent, a plasticizer, and a valuable research tool in the life sciences.
Urethane exhibits unique properties, including low toxicity and high stability, making it a popular choice for various industries.
Urethane's chemical structure and functionality make it a valuable compound for researchers.
It is often used in conjunction with other laboratory equipment and techniques, such as the VT1000S or VT1200S cryostats, the Micro BCA Protein Assay Kit, and the PowerLab data acquisition system.
These tools can help optimize protocols and enhance the reproducibility of Urethane-based studies.
Researchers can leverage the insights gained from Urethane's MeSH term description to streamline their workflows and unlock new possibilities.
By understanding the properties and applications of this compound, scientists can design more effective experiments, leading to more reliable and reproducible results.
Whether you're working with Urethane as a solvent, a plasticizer, or a research tool, exploring its synergies with related compounds and technologies can be a game-changer.
Stay ahead of the curve by keeping up with the latest advancements in Urethane research and unlocking the full potential of this versatile organic compound.