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Valganciclovir

Valganciclovir is a prodrug of ganciclovir, an antiviral medication used to prevent and treat cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections in immunocompromised patients, such as those with HIV/AIDS or after organ transplantation.
It is converted to ganciclovir in the body and inhibits viral DNA synthesis, effectively suppressing CMV replication.
Valganciclovir is administered orally and has improved bioavailability compared to intravenous ganciclovir, making it a more convenient treatment option.
Researchers can utilize PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform to easily locate, compare, and optimize Valganciclovir research protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, enhancing reproducibility and accuracy of their studies.

Most cited protocols related to «Valganciclovir»

All procedures followed the Institute of Laboratory Animal Research guidelines and were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of the National Institute of Mental Health. Transgenic mice expressing HSV-TK under the GFAP promoter were generated from a previously-generated plasmid28 (link) using standard techniques and bred on a mixed C57Bl/6:CD-1 background. Male v-WT and v-TK mice were treated with valganciclovir for 8 weeks (dexamethasone experiment), 10-19 weeks (endocrine), 12 weeks (behavior) or 4 weeks (histology; histology after 12 weeks in Supplementary Fig. 1), beginning at 8 weeks of age. Male C57Bl/6 mice were irradiated under pentobarbital anesthesia, as described previously29 (link), and tested 9 weeks later. For immunohistochemical analyses, mice were given BrdU 6 weeks (for PVN analysis) or 24 hours prior to sacrifice, brain sections were immunostained as previously described29 (link), and labeled cells were counted stereologically.
Serum corticosterone was measured by radioimmunoassay (MP Biomedicals) from submandibular blood samples obtained directly from the home cage condition or after exploration of a novel box, restraint, or isoflurane exposure. For the dexamethasone suppression test, dexamethasone (Sigma; 50 μg/kg in propylene glycol) or vehicle were injected 90 min prior to restraint, and blood was sampled immediately following 10 min restraint.
Behavioral tests were performed following 30 min of restraint or directly from the home cage. Different cohorts of mice were tested in the NSF test, elevated plus maze, forced swim test and sucrose preference test as previously described.12 (link), 18 (link), 21 , 30 (link) Statistical analyses were performed by t-test, log-rank test, or ANOVA with Fisher's LSD test for post hoc comparisons. Significance was set at P<0.05.
Publication 2011
Anesthesia Animals Animals, Laboratory Behavior Test BLOOD Brain Bromodeoxyuridine Cells Corticosterone Dexamethasone Elevated Plus Maze Test Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Isoflurane Males Mice, Inbred C57BL Mice, Laboratory Mice, Transgenic neuro-oncological ventral antigen 2, human Pentobarbital Propylene Glycol Radioimmunoassay Serum Sucrose System, Endocrine Valganciclovir
Neonates with symptomatic congenital CMV disease, with or without CNS involvement, were eligible for enrollment. Given the rarity of this disease, 40 study sites participated, and each was anticipated to contribute only a few study participants. All the study participants had CMV detected in urine or throat-swab specimens by means of culture, shell-vial culture, or polymerase-chain-reaction assay. Symptomatic disease was defined as one or more of the following: thrombocytopenia, petechiae, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, intrauterine growth restriction, hepatitis, or CNS involvement such as microcephaly, intracranial calcifications, abnormal cerebrospinal fluid indexes, chorioretinitis, sensorineural hearing loss, or the detection of CMV DNA in cerebrospinal fluid. Eligible participants had a gestational age of 32 weeks or more, were 30 days of age or less, and weighed at least 1800 g at the initiation of therapy.
The institutional review board at each study center approved the study protocol. After written informed consent was obtained from the parent or legal guardian, all participants received valganciclovir (at a dose of 16 mg per kilogram of body weight, orally twice daily) for 6 weeks.15 (link) Participants then underwent randomization in a 1:1 ratio to receive either continued valganciclovir or placebo for 4.5 months. The dose of the study medication was adjusted monthly for growth. Study drugs (oral valganciclovir and placebo) were provided by Hoffmann–La Roche, which had no role in the study design or data analyses or in the writing of the manuscript or the decision to submit it for publication. Study personnel and the participants’ families were unaware of the randomization assignments.
The primary end point prespecified in the protocol was the change in hearing in the better ear (“best-ear” hearing), from baseline to the 6-month follow-up.13 (link) Secondary end points prespecified in the protocol included the change in total-ear hearing (i.e., hearing in one or both ears that could be evaluated) from baseline to follow-up at 6, 12, and 24 months; change in best-ear hearing from baseline to follow-up at 12 and 24 months; neurologic impairment at 12 and 24 months; and adverse events leading to the permanent discontinuation of therapy. Tertiary end points included the correlation of viral load in whole blood with audiologic and neurodevelopmental outcomes, adverse events related to the study medication, and characterization of blood concentrations of ganciclovir.
Publication 2015
Biological Assay BLOOD Body Weight Cerebrospinal Fluid Chorioretinitis Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection Ethics Committees, Research Fetal Growth Retardation Ganciclovir Gestational Age Hepatitis A Infant, Newborn Legal Guardians Microcephaly Parent Petechiae Pharynx Physiologic Calcification Placebos Polymerase Chain Reaction Rare Diseases Sensorineural Hearing Loss Therapeutics Thrombocytopenia Urine Valganciclovir

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Publication 2018
Antibodies Basiliximab BLOOD Body Weight Cardiac Death Clinic Visits Crossmatching, Blood Cytomegalovirus Donors Drug Delivery Systems Ethics Committees, Research Freezing Immunosuppression Infection isolation Kidney Transplantation Living Donors Lymphocyte Immune Globulin, Anti-Thymocyte Globulin Mycophenolate Mofetil Neoadjuvant Therapy Patients PBMC Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Prednisone Sulfates, Inorganic Tacrolimus Transplantation Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination Valganciclovir
After providing written informed consent, participants were listed with the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) with a status of “willing to accept an HCV+ organ.” The JHH transplant team then received HCV+ donor kidney offers for the participant from UNOS according to standard allocation policies. Eligible donors had to be between 13–50 years of age and have a positive qualitative HCV nucleic acid test (NAT) result performed by the local Organ Procurement Organizations (OPOs) per standard UNOS policy. Additional donor inclusion criteria included a terminal serum creatinine less than 3 mg/dL, a projected cold ischemia time less than 36 hours, and a pre-implantation renal biopsy that showed no evidence of chronic histologic changes in the donor kidney.
Donor hepatitis C antibody and qualitative HCV nucleic acid testing was performed in accordance with UNOS-mandated deceased donor testing using any FDA-approved assay by the OPO offering the kidney. These results were available at the time of organ offer. Donor serum HCV RNA quantification and genotype were performed in parallel with the transplant and results were available within 7 days of transplant. HCV RNA quantification was performed using the COBAS ® AmpliPrep/COBAS® Taqman ® HCV Test, v2.0 or cobas® HCV for cobas® 6800 (lower limit of quantification for both 15 international units/ml). HCV genotype was performed with the LiPA® assay (Quest Diagnoistics) with reflex testing for NS5A resistance associated substitutions (RASs) at positions 28, 30, 31, and 93 if genotype 1a was identified.
GZR-EBR (100/50 mg) was administered orally to the HCV− transplant recipient on-call to the operating room for the kidney transplant. Post-exposure prophylaxis after D+/R− transplantation varied according the donor HCV testing. For KT cases with donors infected with genotype 1a without NS5a RASs, genotype 1b, or genotype 4, GZR-EBR was continued daily for 12 weeks. For genotype 1a with NS5a RASs: ribavirin was added to GZR-EBV for 16 weeks. For genotype 2 or 3, SOF 400 mg daily was added to GZR-EBR and continued for 12 weeks from the day of SOF initiation. When the donor genotype could not be determined due to insufficient viral load, GZR-EBR alone was continued for 12 weeks.
Induction immunosuppression consisting of intravenous methylprednisolone and intravenous rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin was followed by maintenance immunosuppression therapy consisting of tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisone. Prophylaxis for other post-transplant infections included trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, valganciclovir for cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in cases of CMV seropositive donors and/or recipients, and clotrimazole for oral candidiasis.
Publication 2018
antithymocyte immunoglobulin Biological Assay Biopsy Clotrimazole Creatinine Cytomegalovirus Cytomegalovirus Infections Donor, Organ Donors Genotype Grafts Hepatitis C Antibodies Immunosuppression Infection Kidney Kidney Transplantation Methylprednisolone Mycophenolate Mofetil Nucleic Acids Oral Candidiasis Organ Procurement Ovum Implantation Pneumocystosis Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Prednisone Reflex Ribavirin Serum Tacrolimus Transplantation Transplant Donors Transplant Recipients Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination Valganciclovir

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Publication 2016
BLOOD Foscarnet Ganciclovir Patients Physicians Plasma Renal Insufficiency Therapeutics Valganciclovir

Most recents protocols related to «Valganciclovir»

Before the administration of ATG (1.5 mg/kg/day intravenously), chlorpheniramine and acetaminophen were given intravenously as a premedication. The dose of ATG was reduced by 50% in patients with thrombocytopenia (platelet count 50,000–75,000 per cubic millimeter) or neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count 2000–3000 per cubic millimeter). ATG was discontinued when the patiet developed severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 50,000 per cubic millimeter) or severe neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count < 2000 per cubic millimeter).
The maintenance immunosuppressants consisted of tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and seven-day methylprednisolone taper. Tacrolimus was initiated two days before kidney transplantation at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg twice a day, and the target trough level was 6–8ng/ml until one year post-transplant. Mycophenolate mofetil was given 750 mg twice a day in both groups. Methylprednisolone was administered at a dose of 500 mg intravenously on day 0, 250 mg on day 1, and 125 mg on day 2 and 3. Thereafter, a fast taper was carried out with oral prednisone in the first week post-transplant.
All recipients received oral doses of trimethoprim 80 mg-sulfamethoxazole 400 mg daily for six months for bacterial and Pneumocystis jiroveci prophylaxis. Valganciclovir was administered for cytomegalovirus (CMV) prophylaxis for six months when a seronegative recipient had kidney transplantation from a seropositive donor. For low-to-intermediate risk patients, CMV monitoring was performed on a weekly basis using CMV-PCR assay for preemptive treatment. If the viral load of CMV was more than 4.0 log in the CMV-PCR assay, intravenous ganciclovir or oral valganciclovir was administered until CMV viremia was eliminated. In addition, BKV-PCR assay was also done on a monthly basis for BKV monitoring.
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Publication 2023
Acetaminophen Bacteria Biological Assay Chlorpheniramine Cuboid Bone Cytomegalovirus Donors Ganciclovir Grafts Immunosuppressive Agents Kidney Transplantation Methylprednisolone Mycophenolate Mofetil Neutropenia Neutrophil Patients Platelet Counts, Blood Pneumocystis jiroveci Prednisone Premedication Tacrolimus Thrombocytopenia Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination Valganciclovir Viremia
In this retrospective observational cohort study, we included all deceased donor grafts performed at the Turin University Renal Transplant Center “A. Vercellone” from January 2003 to December 2013; multi-organ grafts, dual kidney transplantation, and KTs who received previous transplants were excluded to limit confounding factors and homogenize the study population. To assess the difference between recipients of standard vs. marginal kidneys, we stratified the population according to donor ages (<50 years, between 50 and 69 years, and ≥70 years). Follow-up ended in November 2021. The local Ethical Committee approved this study (Comitato Etico Interaziendale A.O.U. Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino-A.O. Ordine Mauriziano-A.S.L. Città di Torino, resolution 1449/2019 on 11/08/2019—“TGT observational study”).
All data were extracted from the recipients’ scheduled clinical visits and hospital admissions. D+/R− recipients and all KTs receiving ATG induction underwent CMV prophylaxis with valganciclovir for six and two months, respectively. The duration of prophylaxis could be modified in a small number of cases based on clinical judgment.
After transplantation, CMV viremia was regularly monitored in all recipients, irrespective of serostatus and donor/recipient CMV matching. The control schedule was biweekly in the first three months, monthly in the fourth month, and then every two months until one year after transplantation. Further controls were performed on a clinical basis.
CMV DNAemia was detected in whole blood using a commercially available real-time PCR assay (CMV-ELITe MGB® kit, ELITechGroup, Milan, Italy). CMV replication is defined as DNAemia > 1160 UI/mL (=2000 copies/mL). This threshold was considered susceptible to pre-emptive therapy with oral valganciclovir to achieve the complete negativization of viremia. Intravenous ganciclovir use was limited to severe forms of CMV disease or in cases without response to valganciclovir.
Discrete data were described as percentages and analyzed with Pearson’s Χ2 or, for small samples, with Fisher’s exact test. The distribution of continuous variables was analyzed with the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Continuous variables were described as mean ± standard deviation when normal and as median with interquartile ranges when non-normally distributed. When appropriate, Mann–Whitney, Kruskal–Wallis, t-test, or variance analysis with a Bonferroni post hoc test were used to analyze the difference between groups. Kaplan–Meier (KM) curves analyzed cumulative graft and patient survival. A univariate model for the main clinically chosen covariates was adopted to identify significant predictors (level α = 0.05, log-rank test), followed by a multivariate analysis fitted with significant univariate variables.
To consider the potential role of death with a functioning graft as a competitive event with graft dysfunction and to avoid overestimation compared to the traditional Kaplan–Meier, we also calculated the cumulative incidence function [10 (link)]. Gray’s test assessed the statistical significance of the difference in the cumulative incidences of competing events among groups.
SPSS software was adopted for all the analyses (IBM Corp. Released 2021. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 28.0.1.0, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).
Competing risk analyses were conducted using R Statistical Software (v4.2.2; R Core Team 2022) and theR package cmprsk (v2.2-11). The significance level was α < 0.05.
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Publication 2023
Age Groups Biological Assay BLOOD Clinical Reasoning DNA Replication Donors Ganciclovir Grafts Kidney Kidney Transplantation Patients Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Therapeutics Transplant, Organ Transplantation Valganciclovir Viremia
As part of the prophylaxis based on the hospital formulary, recipients received meropenem (3 × 1 g), amikacin (15 mg/kg), and cloxacillin (4 × 1 g). Fluconazole (intravenous in 1st–3rd postoperative days), itraconazole (orally or through a probe), and voriconazole (orally and intravenous in CF patients or with history of Aspergillus fumigatus infection) were used as antifungal agents. Valganciclovir or ganciclovir were used as drugs active against cytomegalovirus. Topically, three agents were applied: amphotericin B (inhalation, 2 × 15 mg), nystatin (oral mucosa 4 × 1 mL suspension), and mupirocin (nasal vestibule twice a day). The basic set was used for a minimum of three days. It was modified depending on the recipient’s historical culture results or after obtaining the results of current microbiological tests. The first doses of antibiotics were administered intravenously in the operating theater before the beginning of the procedure. Antifungal drugs were introduced on the first postoperative day while antiviral agents were introduced within 10 days after the procedure.
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Publication 2023
Amikacin Amphotericin B Antibiotics, Antitubercular Antifungal Agents Antiviral Agents Aspergillosis Aspergillus fumigatus Cloxacillin Cytomegalovirus Fluconazole Ganciclovir Infection Inhalation Itraconazole Meropenem Mucosa, Mouth Mupirocin Nose Nystatin Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Valganciclovir Vestibular Labyrinth Voriconazole
The standard immunosuppression was performed by a triple combination of methylprednisolone, tacrolimus (target C0 levels of 7–10 ng/mL), and mycophenolate mofetil. In the case of tacrolimus-related side effects, it was switched to cyclosporine A (target C0 level of 150–200 ng/mL). Mycophenolate mofetil was switched to enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium or azathioprine in the case of gastrointestinal side effects.
Elective recipients received preoperative selective digestive decontamination (nonabsorbable antibiotics and oral amphotericin B), followed by extended-spectrum perioperative antibacterial prophylaxis with piperacillin–tazobactam for five days. Levofloxacin was used alternatively for patients with allergy against β-lactam agents.
Patients with high risk for cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection (seropositive donors, seronegative recipients) received antiviral prophylaxis (valganciclovir) for 3–6 months. A pre-emptive approach based on a weekly polymerase chain reaction surveillance was followed otherwise, and therapy was started only after detection of CMV viremia above a lower limit of quantification greater than 250 IU/mL before clinical symptoms.
At least once per week a routine, microbiological screening was performed (including Candida surveillance cultures from swabs of the throat, perineum, and urine cultures). A more-often sampling was performed if indicated by the critical care specialist.
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Publication 2023
Allergic Reaction Amphotericin B Anti-Bacterial Agents Antibiotics Antiviral Agents Azathioprine Candida Critical Care Cyclosporine Cytomegalovirus Cytomegalovirus Infections Decontamination Digestive System Donors Immunosuppression Lactams Levofloxacin Methylprednisolone Mycophenolate, Sodium Mycophenolate Mofetil Patients Perineum Pharynx Piperacillin-Tazobactam Combination Product Polymerase Chain Reaction Tacrolimus Therapeutics Urine Valganciclovir Viremia
The GLIO-CMV-01 study is a prospective observational study, conducted at the Department of Radiation Oncology of the Universitätsklinikum Erlangen in Germany. It is a registered clinical trial (ClinicalTrials ID: NCT02600065). The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (protocol code: 265_14B; date of approval: 18 September 2014). Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.
Patients enrolled in the trial either suffered from high-grade gliomas (WHO grades III-IV) or brain metastases. The patients received local RT of the brain or whole-brain RT. The duration of local RT was 42 to 45 days and the duration of whole-brain RT was 14 to 28 days. Blood samples were taken before, in the middle of, and at the end of RT. Peripheral blood was tested for anti-CMV IgM, anti-CMV IgG, and CMV DNA. The testing was performed by the Institute of Virology of the Universitätsklinikum Erlangen immediately after the blood withdrawal. Viremia was defined as ≥250 copies/mL by real-time PCR. CMV-associated encephalopathy was considered proven if neurological decline occurred together with viremia. MRI scans were performed to exclude other explanations for the neurological decline. In the case of CMV-associated encephalopathy, patients were treated with ganciclovir or valganciclovir [2 (link),3 (link)].
Simultaneously with the CMV analyses, whole blood immunophenotyping was performed as described in previously published protocols. Thereby, a detailed peripheral immune status of the patients was obtained throughout the study, covering nine main immune cell types and numerous subtypes and their respective activation status [5 (link),6 (link),7 (link)]. In the here presented analysis, we additionally determined TEMRA cells and their subsets by multicolor flow cytometry in patients enrolled in the GLIO-CMV-01 study as well as in a group of healthy donors without tumor disease or radiation therapy. The inclusion of healthy donors was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (protocol code: 21-15-B; date of approval: 9 November 2022). Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study. All flow cytometric analyses were performed from whole blood without previous isolation of mononuclear cells.
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Publication 2023
anti-IgG anti-IgM BLOOD Brain Brain Metastases Cells Cell Separation Donors Encephalopathies Ethics Committees, Research Flow Cytometry Ganciclovir Malignant Glioma MRI Scans Neoplasms Patients Radiotherapy Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Valganciclovir Viremia

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Valcyte is a prescription medication used to treat cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections in adults and children. It is an antiviral drug that works by inhibiting the replication of the CMV virus.
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Prograf is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Astellas Pharma. It is used to measure and monitor the levels of the immunosuppressant drug tacrolimus in biological samples.
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Thymoglobulin is a polyclonal antithymocyte globulin (ATG) product developed by Sanofi. It is a sterile, purified, and concentrated immunoglobulin preparation derived from the plasma of horses immunized with human thymocytes. Thymoglobulin is used as an immunosuppressant to prevent and treat acute rejection in organ transplantation.
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Valganciclovir is a prescription medication used as an antiviral drug. It is the valine ester prodrug of ganciclovir, which is converted to ganciclovir after absorption. Valganciclovir is used to treat cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in adults and children.
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Valganciclovir is a pharmaceutical product manufactured by Merck Group. It is a type of antiviral medication used to treat certain viral infections. The core function of Valganciclovir is to inhibit viral replication, thereby reducing the severity and duration of viral infections.
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Ganciclovir is an antiviral medication used to treat cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections. It is a synthetic guanine derivative that inhibits viral DNA synthesis.
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Myfortic is a mycophenolic acid-based immunosuppressant medication. It is used to prevent organ rejection in adult patients receiving kidney or heart transplants.
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Valcyte is a laboratory instrument designed for the detection and quantification of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA viral load in patient samples. It is used to monitor the progression of CMV infection and the response to antiviral therapy.

More about "Valganciclovir"

Valganciclovir is a medication used to prevent and treat cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections in immunocompromised patients, such as those with HIV/AIDS or after organ transplantation.
It is a prodrug of ganciclovir, which inhibits viral DNA synthesis and effectively suppresses CMV replication.
Valganciclovir is administered orally and has improved bioavailability compared to intravenous ganciclovir, making it a more convenient treatment option.
Researchers can utilize PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform to easily locate, compare, and optimize Valganciclovir research protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, enhancing the reproducibility and accuracy of their studies.
This platform allows researchers to discover and leverage the best protocols and products for their Valganciclovir research needs.
Valganciclovir is often used in combination with other immunosuppressive medications, such as Valcyte, Prograf, Simulect, and Thymoglobulin, which are commonly prescribed after organ transplantation to prevent rejection.
Additionally, Ganciclovir, the active metabolite of Valganciclovir, and other antiviral agents like Myfortic and Cellcept, may be utilized in the management of CMV infections.
Researchers can leverage PubCompare.ai's powerful tools to identify the most effective and efficient Valganciclovir research protocols, enhancing the quality and reliability of their studies.
By optimizing their research processes, they can contribute to the broader understanding and effective management of CMV infections in immunocompromised patients.