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Verapamil

Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker used to treat various cardiovascular conditions, such as angina, hypertension, and certain heart rhythm disorders.
It works by relaxing blood vessels and reducing the workload on the heart, thereby improving blood flow and oxygen supply.
Verapamil has a wide range of clinical applications, including the management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Raynaud's phenomenon, and migraine prophylaxis.
Researchers continually explore new uses and optimized protocols for verapamil, driving the need for efficient tools to locate and compare relevant research.
PubCompare.ai's AI-powered platform can help streamlime this process, enabling researchers to easily identify the best verapamil protocols from the literature, preprints, and patents.

Most cited protocols related to «Verapamil»

1
Multicolor Protein Labeling in Live Cells
Cited 18 times
Monkey fibroblast-like kidney cells (COS-7 ATCC CRL-1651) and HeLa cells (ATCC CCL-2) were grown at 37 °C in 5% CO2 in DMEM (Gibco) supplemented with 10% FBS (Gibco). Cells were seeded on a glass-bottom dish (MatTek, 3.5 cm diameter, No. 1.5), previously cleaned by sonication (1 M KOH for 15 min) and coated with fibronectin (Chemicon), and transfected using Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen) following the manufacturer's instructions. Details of recombinant plasmids are provided in Supplementary Note 2. Cells were labelled 14–16 h after transfection, with 5 μM of the various SNAP (BG) and Halo (CA) substrates24 (link) (SNAP-Cell 647-SiR (New England BioLabs), SiR-CA (a gift from Promega), 590-BG and 590-CA (Supplementary Notes 2 and 3)) for 1 h. After extensive washes, cells were left to wash out the excess dye for 2–3 h. For the labelling of the Golgi, cells were treated with verapamil (a broad-spectrum efflux-pump inhibitor) during the labelling reaction to enhance the staining11 (link)25 (link), and then with 2 μg ml−1 nocodazole (Sigma) during the washout time. TfR-FM4-Halo is initially aggregated in the lumen of the ER, and the release to the plasma membrane and endosomes is triggered by addition of D/D Solubilizer (Clontech) for 1 h before imaging.
Bottanelli F., Kromann E.B., Allgeyer E.S., Erdmann R.S., Wood Baguley S., Sirinakis G., Schepartz A., Baddeley D., Toomre D.K., Rothman J.E, & Bewersdorf J. (2016). Two-colour live-cell nanoscale imaging of intracellular targets. Nature Communications, 7, 10778.
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Publication 2016
2-(2-(2-chloro-3-(2-(3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfo-1-(4-sulfo-butyl)-3H-indol-2-yl)-vinyl)-cyclohex-2-enylidene)-ethylidene)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(4-sulfo-butyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole-5-carboxylic acid Cells Endosomes Fibroblasts Fibronectins Golgi Apparatus HeLa Cells Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Kidney lipofectamine 2000 Monkeys Nocodazole Plasma Membrane Plasmids Promega Transfection Verapamil
2
Measuring Drug-Protein Binding Kinetics
Cited 10 times
The mobile phase used for sample
application, elution and sample preparation was pH 7.4, 0.067 M phosphate
buffer. All mobile phases were degassed for 30 min prior to use. Each
affinity microcolumn was used for approximately 200 sample injections
to provide optimum retention and peak resolution; however, these columns
were found to be stable for at least 300–400 injections and
over 6 months of use. The free fraction measurements were typically
made by injecting 1 μL of samples that contained 10 μM
of the desired drug or a mixture of 10 μM drug and 20 μM
soluble HSA, although other drug and protein concentrations were also
considered (see Supporting Information).
These mixtures were incubated for at least 30 min prior to injection,
with both the sample and mobile phase being preheated to 37 °C
before passage through the affinity microcolumn. Other conditions
are provided in the Supporting Information.
The dissociation rate constants and equilibrium constants
for each drug with soluble HSA were measured by using the general
scheme in Figure 1. For the direct measurement
of equilibrium constants, an injection flow rate was used that was
sufficiently high to minimize dissociation of drug–protein
complexes in the sample during their passage through the column. By
using lower flow rates, and longer residence times for the sample
in the column, the conditions were adjusted so that some of the drug–protein
complex could dissociate during passage through the column, thus increasing
the apparent free drug fraction and making it possible to determine
the dissociation rate constant for the drug with the soluble protein.
In both types of studies, the free drug fractions were measured by
dividing the drug’s baseline-corrected retained peak area by
the total peak area for the same drug in the absence of any soluble
protein. The baseline of each chromatogram was normalized using the
autofit and subtract baseline method of PeakFit 4.12 prior to data
analysis. No significant nonspecific binding with the control support
was seen for most drugs examined in this study.18 (link)−22 (link) Some nonspecific binding was seen for verapamil,
as reported previously;21 however, this
nonspecific binding did not have any notable effect on the free fractions
that were measured for this drug with soluble HSA.
Zheng X., Li Z., Podariu M.I, & Hage D.S. (2014). Determination of Rate Constants and Equilibrium Constants for Solution-Phase Drug–Protein Interactions by Ultrafast Affinity Extraction. Analytical Chemistry, 86(13), 6454-6460.
Publication 2014
Pharmaceutical Preparations Proteins Retention (Psychology) Verapamil Vision
3
Cardiac Trabeculae Electrophysiology Assay
Cited 9 times

Protocol full text hidden due to copyright restrictions

Open the protocol to access the free full text link

Publication 2016
Acetaminophen Bicarbonate, Sodium Cancellous Bone Cardioplegic Solutions Cerebral Ventricles Cold Temperature dofetilide Endocardium Fingers Glucose Heart HEPES Magnesium Chloride PACE protocol Pharmaceutical Preparations Protoplasm Pulse Rate Quinidine Sodium Chloride Sotalol Sulfoxide, Dimethyl Technique, Dilution Tissues Tyrode's solution Verapamil
4
Evaluating Osteoarthritis Functional Outcomes
Cited 9 times
The Lequesne questionnaire [11 (link)] was modified to incorporate the patient’s weight and height. The Lequesne score is a standardized questionnaire focused on osteoarthritis. It is a 24-scale questionary in which low scores indicate low functional activity (Table 1).

Lequesne score

DrugsTreated patients (mean score)Number of patientsSDpvalue
Adalat® (Nifedipine)4.0530
Amlodipine® (Amlodipine)3.5222.970
Azupamil® (Verapamil)683.590
Carmen® (Lercanidipine)3212.910
Escor® (Nilvadipine)654.720
Felodipine® (Felodipine)574.10
Nifedipine® (Nifedipine)6.2155.210
Nitrendipine® (Nitrendipin)2.182.80
Norvasc® (Amlodipine)4.84850
Verapamil® (Verapamil)6.94950
Control group6.22124.850

SD standard deviation.

It was answered by 400 patients with osteoarthritis (207 women and 193 men). More than 99% of the patients were older than 50 years. Both the control and the active treatment groups have been diagnosed for osteoarthritis for more than 1 year before and the active treatment group has received calcium antagonists for more than 1 year.
Pre-study calculations revealed that 198 patients for each group were required to arrive at a statistical significance of p < 0.05 and a power of 80% for a difference in one unit in the Lequesne score. Matched pairs were established for potential interference variables such as gender, age, and body mass index. The first evaluations of equivalences were performed stepwise with 100, 200, 300, and 400 patients. Finally, a complete equivalence could not be achieved for gender (55% women in the active treatment group and 45% women in the control group) and body mass index (76.27 ± 9.1 kg in the control group).
The Lequesne score correlates significantly with pain and consists of three subscores which were calculated individually and together: pain and discomfort, maximum distance walked, and activities of daily living with a maximum score of 8 for each subscore and a total score of 24 (see Additional file 1). A difference in one score unit is regarded as clinically relevant. The groups were evaluated by the Levene test for equality of variance and by the T-test for equality of the mean.
Daniilidis K., Georges P., Tibesku C.O, & Prehm P. (2015). Positive side effects of Ca antagonists for osteoarthritic joints—results of an in vivo pilot study. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, 10, 1.
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Publication 2015
Amlodipine Calcium Channel Blockers Degenerative Arthritides Felodipine Gender Index, Body Mass lercanidipine Nifedipine nilvadipine Pain Patients Verapamil Woman
5
Characterization of Multidrug Resistance Cell Lines
Cited 9 times
The LLC-PK1 cell line was obtained from American Type Culture Collection, and maintained in Medium199 + 3% (v/v) Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) + 1% penicillin/streptomycin. The recombinant cell lines were incubated in the same medium with 500 μg/ml geneticin. KB-3-1, KB-V1 and KB-8-5 cells were cultured in DMEM medium + 10% FBS and 1% penicillin/streptomycin. Cells were cultured at 37 °C with 5% CO2 and relative humidity maintained at 95%.
Cell culture media and geneticin were purchased from Invitrogen. Biotin, paraformaldehyde, verapamil, vinblastine, rodamine-123, calcein-AM, mitoxantrone, trypsin, soybean trypsin inhibitor, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and valinomycin were obtained from Sigma. Bodipy-FL–vinblastine was obtained from Molecular Probes. Restriction enzymes were obtained from New England Biolabs. The antibodies were purchased from the following companies: DAKO (C219, MRK16); Invitrogen (IgG2a-Alexa 488, CY™3-Streptavidine); eBiosciences (UIC2-PE, 17F9, IgG2a-HRP; Strepavidin-PE) and Jackson Immuno Research (IgG2a-FITC). ECL reagents were obtained from GE Healthcare. 125I-iodoarylazidoprazosin (2200 Ci/mmole) was obtained from PerkinElmer Life Sciences.
Fung K.L., Pan J., Ohnuma S., Lund P.E., Pixley J.N., Kimchi-Sarfaty C., Ambudkar S.V, & Gottesman M.M. (2013). MDR1 Synonymous Polymorphisms Alter Transporter Specificity and Protein Stability in a Stable Epithelial Monolayer. Cancer research, 74(2), 598-608.
Publication 2013
(125I)iodoarylazidoprazosin Antibodies Biotin BODIPY Bromides Cell Culture Techniques Cell Lines Cells Culture Media DNA Restriction Enzymes Fetal Bovine Serum Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate fluorexon Geneticin Humidity IgG2A KB Cells LLC-PK1 Cells Mitoxantrone Molecular Probes paraform Penicillins Soybeans Streptavidin Streptomycin Trypsin Trypsin Inhibitors Valinomycin Verapamil Vinblastine

Most recents protocols related to «Verapamil»

1
Time-to-Kill Assay of OCG Against Msm
Not available on PMC !

EXAMPLE 3

The time-to-kill assay was conducted via colony forming unit (CFU) analysis at various concentrations of OCG to determine the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), which is defined as the lowest concentration to reduce bacterial viability by more than 99.9% with a concentration no more than 4×MIC. As shown in FIG. 6, the fast killing of Msm was observed within several hours of OCG treatments at 2×MIC or higher, indicating that OCG is bactericidal. Additionally, the bactericidal activity is fast-acting in comparison to anti-TB drugs including bedaquiline (BDQ), rifampicin (RIF), or verapamil (VER). The fast-acting bactericidal activity could be due to possible multidentate interaction of OCG to the membrane.

US11857521B1. Anti-mycobacterial drugs (2024-01-02). None [US], None [US]. Inventors: Joong Ho Moon [US], Michelle Miranda [US].
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Patent 2024
Bacterial Viability bedaquiline Biological Assay Pharmaceutical Preparations Rifampin SERPINA3 protein, human Tissue, Membrane Verapamil
2
Identification of P-gp-Secreted Compound Inhibiting Neutrophil Migration
Not available on PMC !

Example 4

Supernatants from resting T84 colonic epithelial cells were collected and ultra-filtered to collect compounds smaller than 1 kDa, followed by enrichment for lipids by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. These lipid-enriched supernatants were capable of inhibiting primary human neutrophil migration stimulated by HXA3 in a cell-free in vitro assay (FIG. 2A). The unknown compound(s) exhibiting this activity were termed “AMEND”, for Activity Modulating Epithelial Neutrophil Discourse. To confirm that AMEND is specifically secreted by P-glycoprotein (P-gp), stable knockdown T84 cell lines expressing shRNA targeting mdr1a were created and reduction of P-gp expression was confirmed by Western blot (FIG. 6). Enriched supernatants from P-gp deficient cells lacked AMEND activity and failed to inhibit neutrophil migration (FIG. 2B). Similar results were obtained following treatment of wild-type cells with verapamil (FIG. 7), an inhibitor of P-gp.

US11865093B2. Methods and compositions for treating inflammation (2024-01-09). UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS [US], UNIVERSITY OF BATH [GB]. Inventors: Randall Mrsny [US], Beth McCormick [US], Roland Ellwood Dolle [US].
Full text: Click here
Patent 2024
Biological Assay Cardiac Arrest Cell Lines Cells Chromatography, Reversed-Phase Liquid Colon Cortodoxone Epithelial Cells Lipids Neutrophil P-Glycoprotein Short Hairpin RNA Strains Verapamil Western Blot
3
Cytoskeletal Dynamics Profiling in U2OS Cells
For the fixed drug treatment experiments, U2OS cells were seeded on 18-mm coverslips. The next day, cells were incubated with 0.1% DMSO (3 h), 10 µM Taxol (#T7402; Sigma-Aldrich; 2 h), 10 µM tubacin (BML-GR362; Enzo Life Sciences; 2 h), 10 µM nocodazole (Cat#M1404; Sigma-Aldrich; 1 h), 10 µM Taxol (2 h) followed by 10 µM Taxol + 10 µM nocodazole (1 h), or 10 µM tubacin (2 h) followed by 10 µM tubacin + 10 µM nocodazole (1 h) in full medium and subsequently fixed. For the detyrosination assay, U2OS cells were seeded on 18-mm coverslips and transfected with VSH1-GFP and SBVP-FLAG the next day. 24 h after transfection, cells were treated with 0.1% DMSO (1 h) or 10 µM nocodazole (1 h) and subsequently fixed. For the drug treatments of StableMARK-expressing cells, U2OS cells were seeded on 18-mm coverslips and transfected with StableMARK the next day. 24 h after transfection, cells were treated with 0.1% DMSO (2 h), 10 µM Taxol (2 h), or 10 µM tubacin (2 h) and subsequently fixed. For the nocodazole treatment of StableMARK-expressing cells during live-cell imaging, U2OS cells were plated on 25-mm coverslips and transfected the next day with StableMARK and mCherry-tubulin. The following day, nocodazole was added with a final concentration of 10 µM to the live cells on stage during a time-lapse acquisition. For live-cell imaging of lysosomes, cells were incubated with 1 µM SiR-lysosome (Spirochrome) and 10 µM Verapamil for 1 h and subsequently imaged in a medium without SiR-lysosome and Verapamil. For cold treatment, cells were incubated on ice for 10 min and subsequently extracted and fixed with precooled reagents.
Jansen K.I., Iwanski M.K., Burute M, & Kapitein L.C. (2023). A live-cell marker to visualize the dynamics of stable microtubules throughout the cell cycle. The Journal of Cell Biology, 222(5), e202106105.
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Publication 2023
Biological Assay Cells Common Cold Lysosomes Nocodazole Pharmaceutical Preparations Sulfoxide, Dimethyl Taxol Transfection tubacin Tubulin Verapamil
4
Measuring ATPase Activity of P-glycoprotein
To determine the ATPase activity, purified Pgp (∼100 µL) in detergent was activated by incubation with 10 mM DTT and an equal volume of 20 mg/ml of lipids added, giving a final concentration of 1% (w/v) lipids for 15 min at 4°C. Then the protein concentration was adjusted with TrisCl buffer to 0.075 μg/μl 0.5–1.0 µg (∼10 µl) samples were added to 200 µl of ATP cocktail in 96-well plates. The rate of ATP hydrolysis was measured at 37°C in an enzyme linked continuous optical assay utilizing an ATP regeneration system (Urbatsch et al., 1995 (link); Urbatsch et al., 2000 (link)), in the absence and presence of increasing concentrations of verapamil. Purified Pgp mixed with E. coli polar lipids typically displayed a specific ATPase activity at 30 µM Verapamil of 3.8–4.0 μmol/min/mg.
Verapamil stocks (50 mM) and 2x-serial dilutions were made in water, 2 µl of the serial dilutions were added to 200 µl of ATP cocktail. ATP activity was monitored for 20 min to 2 h during which the slopes were constant. Statistical analyses were done as described (Swartz et al., 2013 (link); Swartz et al., 2014 (link)). EC50 values were calculated from fits according to f = Vb+((Vmax-Vb)*Xb/(Ksb + Xb)), where Vb is the basal activity (in the absence of verapamil), Vmax is the maximum activity, X is the concentration of verapamil, b is the Hill coefficient of the upward curve, Ks is the concentration for half-maximal stimulation or EC50. For each data fit, R2 was greater than 0.97 and each of the parameters was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Lines in the graphs represent fits to the data points (open and closed symbols) using the following equation f = Vb+((Vmax-Vb)*Xb/(Ksb + Xb))+(Vmax-(Vmax-V∞)*Xm/(Kim + Xm)), where Vb is the basal activity (in the absence of verapamil), Vmax is the maximum activity, X is the concentration of verapamil, b is the Hill coefficient of the upward curve, Ks is the concentration for half-maximal stimulation or EC50, V∞ is the activity at infinite verapamil concentrations, m is the Hill coefficient of the downward curve, and Ki is the concentration for half-maximal inhibition or IC50. All statistical analyses were performed with Sigmaplot 11.
Tran N.N., Bui A.T., Jaramillo-Martinez V., Weber J., Zhang Q, & Urbatsch I.L. (2023). Lipid environment determines the drug-stimulated ATPase activity of P-glycoprotein. Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, 10, 1141081.
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Publication 2023
Adenosinetriphosphatase Buffers Detergents Enzyme Assays Escherichia coli Hydrolysis Lipids Proteins Psychological Inhibition Regeneration Seizures Technique, Dilution Verapamil
5
Reconstitution of membrane proteins
Protein kinase A, lactate dehydrogenase, and phosphoenol-pyruvate were purchased from Roche CustomBiotech (Indianapolis, IN). Adenosine-5′-triphosphate disodium salt (ATP) ultrapure 98% was obtained from Alfa Aesar (Tewksbury, MA). Verapamil was acquired from Sigma Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO). n-dodecyl-β-D-maltopyranoside (DDM) was bought from Inalco S. p.A (Milano, Italy). Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Burlington, MA).
E. coli polar lipids (polar extract) and synthetic lipids were acquired from Avanti (Alabaster, AL); these include 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine or 16:0-18:1 PC (POPC), 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine (POPE), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine (POPS), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylinositol (POPI), 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylglycerol (POPG), DPPA, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate or 16:0 PA, 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC). Sphingomyelin (SM) was >99% pure from porcine brain with major acyl chains of 18:0 (50%) and 21:1 (21%), and cardiolipin (CL) was from >99% bovine heart with major acyl chains of 18:2 (90%). All synthetic lipids, SM and CL had very low tryptophan fluorescence (ex/em 295/350 nm) if purchased as powder. Cholesterol (Chol) and cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHS) were purchased from Anatrace (Maumee, OH).
General chemicals were at the highest grade from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, Massachusetts).
Tran N.N., Bui A.T., Jaramillo-Martinez V., Weber J., Zhang Q, & Urbatsch I.L. (2023). Lipid environment determines the drug-stimulated ATPase activity of P-glycoprotein. Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, 10, 1141081.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine Adenosine Triphosphate Alabaster Brain Cardiolipins Cattle Cholesterol cholesterol-hemisuccinate Coenzyme I Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine Escherichia coli Fluorescence Glycerylphosphorylcholine Heart Lactate Dehydrogenase Lipids Phosphates Phosphatidylethanolamines Phosphatidylglycerols Phosphatidylinositols Phosphoenolpyruvate Pigs Powder Serine Sodium Chloride Sphingomyelins Tryptophan Verapamil

Top products related to «Verapamil»

1
Verapamil by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, France, United Kingdom, China, Japan, Spain, Italy, Sao Tome and Principe, Switzerland, Australia, Ireland, Belgium
Verapamil is a laboratory product manufactured by Merck Group. It is a calcium channel blocker that inhibits the movement of calcium ions through cell membranes, which can affect various physiological processes. The core function of Verapamil is to serve as a research tool for the study of calcium-dependent mechanisms in biological systems.
2
Hoechst 33342 by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom, Japan, China, France, Sao Tome and Principe, Canada, Macao, Belgium, Israel, Spain, Australia, Poland, Switzerland, India, Denmark, Austria, Netherlands
Hoechst 33342 is a fluorescent dye that binds to DNA. It can be used to visualize and quantify nucleic acids in various applications such as flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, and nucleic acid staining.
3
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Italy, Sao Tome and Principe, France, Macao, India, Canada, Switzerland, Japan, Australia, Spain, Poland, Belgium, Brazil, Czechia, Portugal, Austria, Denmark, Israel, Sweden, Ireland, Hungary, Mexico, Netherlands, Singapore, Indonesia, Slovakia, Cameroon, Norway, Thailand, Chile, Finland, Malaysia, Latvia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Pakistan, Uruguay, Bangladesh
DMSO is a versatile organic solvent commonly used in laboratory settings. It has a high boiling point, low viscosity, and the ability to dissolve a wide range of polar and non-polar compounds. DMSO's core function is as a solvent, allowing for the effective dissolution and handling of various chemical substances during research and experimentation.
4
Propidium iodide by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Italy, Japan, France, Sao Tome and Principe, Macao, Canada, Spain, India, Belgium, Australia, Israel, Switzerland, Poland, Ireland, Argentina, Austria, Brazil, Sweden, Portugal, New Zealand, Netherlands, Slovakia, Norway, Hungary, Czechia, Denmark
Propidium iodide is a fluorescent dye commonly used in molecular biology and flow cytometry applications. It binds to DNA and is used to stain cell nuclei, allowing for the identification and quantification of cells in various stages of the cell cycle.
5
Fetal bovine serum (fbs) by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, China, United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, Japan, Canada, Italy, France, Switzerland, New Zealand, Brazil, Belgium, India, Spain, Israel, Austria, Poland, Ireland, Sweden, Macao, Netherlands, Denmark, Cameroon, Singapore, Portugal, Argentina, Holy See (Vatican City State), Morocco, Uruguay, Mexico, Thailand, Sao Tome and Principe, Hungary, Panama, Hong Kong, Norway, United Arab Emirates, Czechia, Russian Federation, Chile, Moldova, Republic of, Gabon, Palestine, State of, Saudi Arabia, Senegal
Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.
6
Rhodamine 123 by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, India, China, Macao, Sao Tome and Principe, France, Poland, Spain, Japan
Rhodamine 123 is a fluorescent dye commonly used in various laboratory applications. It is a derivative of rhodamine, a class of fluorescent compounds. Rhodamine 123 exhibits excitation and emission wavelengths that make it suitable for use in techniques such as flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, and cellular staining.
7
Doxorubicin by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, France, China, India, Italy, Poland, Macao, Japan, Sao Tome and Principe, Canada, Spain, Brazil, Australia, Belgium, Switzerland, Singapore, Israel
Doxorubicin is a cytotoxic medication that is commonly used in the treatment of various types of cancer. It functions as an anthracycline antibiotic, which works by interfering with the DNA replication process in cancer cells, leading to their destruction. Doxorubicin is widely used in the management of different malignancies, including leukemia, lymphoma, and solid tumors.
8
Paclitaxel by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, France, China, Macao, Japan, Sao Tome and Principe, Canada, Poland, Spain, Israel, Australia, Switzerland, Italy
Paclitaxel is a pharmaceutical compound used in the production of various cancer treatment medications. It functions as a microtubule-stabilizing agent, which plays a crucial role in the development and regulation of cells. Paclitaxel is a key ingredient in the manufacture of certain anti-cancer drugs.
9
Cisplatin by Merck Group
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Cisplatin is a platinum-based medication used as a chemotherapeutic agent. It is a crystalline solid that can be dissolved in water or saline solution for administration. Cisplatin functions by interfering with DNA replication, leading to cell death in rapidly dividing cells.
10
Vincristine by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Sao Tome and Principe, France
Vincristine is a laboratory reagent used in various research and analytical applications. It is a naturally-derived compound extracted from the Catharanthus roseus plant. Vincristine exhibits anti-tumor and anti-mitotic properties, making it a valuable tool for researchers studying cell biology and cancer-related processes. The core function of Vincristine is to inhibit microtubule formation, which is essential for cell division and proliferation.

More about "Verapamil"

Verapamil is a pharmaceutical drug classified as a calcium channel blocker (CCB).
It is commonly used to treat various cardiovascular conditions, such as angina, hypertension, and certain heart rhythm disorders.
The mechanism of action involves relaxing blood vessels and reducing the workload on the heart, thereby improving blood flow and oxygen supply.
Verapamil has a wide range of clinical applications beyond just cardiovascular conditions.
It is also used in the management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Raynaud's phenomenon, and migraine prophylaxis.
Researchers are continually exploring new uses and optimized protocols for verapamil, driving the need for efficient tools to locate and compare relevant research.
Other related terms and compounds include Hoechst 33342 (a fluorescent dye used for cell staining), DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide, a common solvent), propidium iodide (a nucleic acid stain), FBS (fetal bovine serum, a common cell culture supplement), rhodamine 123 (a mitochondrial stain), and chemotherapeutic agents like doxorubicin, paclitaxel, cisplatin, and vincristine.
Understanding the interactions and applications of these related compounds can provide valuable insights into verapamil research and optimization.
PubCompare.ai's AI-powered platform can help streamline the process of identifying and comparing the best verapamil protocols from the literature, preprints, and patents.
This cutting-edge tool enables researchers to easily locate relevant information and leverage AI-driven comparisons to identify the most effective protocols and products for their verapamil-related studies.
By taking advantage of PubCompare.ai's capabilities, researchers can take their verapamil research to the next level and drive innovation in this important area of medicine.