Female mice (8-12 week old C57Bl6) were injected i.t. with 1μg E.Coli derived (O127:B8) LPS in 50μl sterile saline, combined S.Aureus derived LTA (150μg) and PepG (50μg) or 1×106CFU of E. Coli (serotype ATCC25922) grown to log phase. At 24h post i.t. challenge, animals received either 30mg/kg AT7519 i.p. (10mg/kg for E.Coli experiments) in 200μl sterile saline or vehicle control. For wogonin experiments animals received 10mg/kg wogonin i.p. in DMSO or vehicle control. For experiments with bortezomib animals were pre-treated for 30min at 23.5h with 0.4mg/kg i.p. bortezomib in DMSO or vehicle control prior to administration of AT7519. At indicated time points lungs were lavaged with three aliquots of 800μl sterile ice cold saline. BAL fluid was centrifuged at 300g for 5min with supernatant from the first lavage stored for biochemical analysis. BAL total protein was measured by bicinchoninic acid assay (Pierce), BAL IgM by ELISA (eBioscience) and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, CCL-2, and IL-10) were measured by ELISA (R&D systems). BAL fluid cells were cytocentrifuged and stained using Diff-Quick™ and differential counts performed (≥450 cells counted per slide). Separate lungs for histology were fixed with 10% formalin (Sigma) prior to hematoxylin and eosin staining. For analysis of interstitial lung neutrophils, mice were perfused with 20ml PBS and the right lung digested in collagenase D (Roche) prior to incubation with anti-CD45 (Biolegend) and anti-Ly6G (Biolegend), with flow analysis in the presence of flow-check flurospheres (Beckman Coulter). Bacterial counts were determined following overnight incubation on LB agar plates while in vitro E.Coli growth in the presence of AT7519 was determined by absorbance (570nm) every 30min. Resolution intervals (Ri) were calculated as previously described 18 (link), 19 (link). Briefly, these were calculated as T50-Tmax, where Tmax is the time where neutrophil numbers were at their maximal numbers (Ψmax) and T50 is the time after Tmax where neutrophil numbers were half-maximal.
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Wogonin
Wogonin
Wogonin is a naturally occurring flavonoid compound found in various plants, particularly the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis.
It has been the subject of extensive research for its potential therapeutic applications due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties.
Wogonin has shown promise in preclinical studies for the treatment of conditions such as neurodegeneration, cancer, and metabolic disorders.
However, the optimial dosages, delivery methods, and product formulations for Wogonin research require further investigation to enhance reproducibility and accuracy.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform can help identify the most effective Wogonin products and protocols from the literature, preprints, and patents to advance this imprtant area of study.
It has been the subject of extensive research for its potential therapeutic applications due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties.
Wogonin has shown promise in preclinical studies for the treatment of conditions such as neurodegeneration, cancer, and metabolic disorders.
However, the optimial dosages, delivery methods, and product formulations for Wogonin research require further investigation to enhance reproducibility and accuracy.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform can help identify the most effective Wogonin products and protocols from the literature, preprints, and patents to advance this imprtant area of study.
Most cited protocols related to «Wogonin»
Agar
Animals
Animals, Laboratory
AT-7519
bicinchoninic acid
Biological Assay
Bortezomib
Cells
Cold Temperature
Collagenase
Counts, Bacterial
Cytokine
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Eosin
Escherichia coli
Females
Formalin
Hematoxylin
IL10 protein, human
Lung
Mus
Neutrophil
Pneumonia, Interstitial
Proteins
Saline Solution
Sterility, Reproductive
Sulfoxide, Dimethyl
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
wogonin
A total of 18 batches of HQT were included in the present study. Four batches coded as PHY906-6, 7, 8, 10 were manufactured with PhytoCeutica's proprietary SOP. Eight batches of HQT were purchased from Sun Ten Pharmaceutical Co. LTD in Taiwan and designated as HQT-E, F, G, H, I, J, K and L. Six batches of HQT were obtained from various vendors (Chung Song Zong, Ko Da, Min Tong, Sheng Chang, Sheng Foong, Kaiser; Taiwan) who did not provide quality information, and were labeled as HQT-CSZ, KD, MT, SC, SF and KP3. The proprietary standard operating procedures (SOP) by PhytoCeutica for PHY906 used hot water extraction (80°C) of four herbs, namely Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (S), Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (P), Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. (G) and Ziziphus jujuba Mill. (Z) (ratio 3:2:2:2). The hot water extraction is then spray dried with insoluble dextran into a granulated powder, packaged and stored in foil containers at 4°C.
Chemical standards including baicalin (S), baicalein (S), wogonin (S), scutellarin (S), glycyrrhizin (G), ononin (G), liquiritin (G), liqiritigenin (G), paeoniflorin (P) and albiflorin (P), were obtained from Chromadex (USA). Apigenin and formic acid were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). Solvents were of LC/MS grade from JT Baker (USA).
Chemical standards including baicalin (S), baicalein (S), wogonin (S), scutellarin (S), glycyrrhizin (G), ononin (G), liquiritin (G), liqiritigenin (G), paeoniflorin (P) and albiflorin (P), were obtained from Chromadex (USA). Apigenin and formic acid were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). Solvents were of LC/MS grade from JT Baker (USA).
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albiflorin
Apigenin
baicalein
baicalin
Dextran
formic acid
Glycyrrhiza uralensis
Glycyrrhizic Acid
Huangqin
liquiritin
ononin
Paeonia
peoniflorin
Pharmaceutical Preparations
PHY 906
Powder
scutellarin
Solvents
wogonin
Ziziphus
The beam walk test was utilized to evaluate fine motor coordination and function [24] (link). Mice escaped a bright light and loud white noise by walking along an elevated (50 cm) narrow wooden beam (0.8 cm×100 cm) to enter a darkened goal box at the opposite end of the beam. The time required for the mouse to reach the goal box (not to exceed 60 s) and hindlimb performance as it traversed the beam (based on a 1 to 7 rating scale) were recorded. A score of 7 was given when animals traversed the beam with 2 or less foot slips; 6 was given when animals traversed the beam with less than 50% foot slips; 5 was given for more than 50% but less than 100% foot slips; 4 was given for 100% foot slips; 3 was given for traversal with the affected limb extended and not reaching the surface of the beam; 2 was given when the animal was able to balance on the beam but not traverse it; 1 was given when the animal could not balance on the beam. Three trials were recorded 1 h before CCI (baseline) and each day after CCI. The mean values of latency and score for each day were computed.
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Animals
Foot
Hindlimb
Light
Mice, House
Walk Test
Four-micron-thick sections were prepared from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded colon tissue from AOM/DSS-treated mice and stained with H&E. Immunohistochemical staining against BrdU, PCNA, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-κB and Nrf2 was performed with standard techniques. Image pro plus software was used to analyze the number of positive cells by detecting IOD.
Bromodeoxyuridine
Colon
Formalin
Interleukin-1 beta
Mus
NFE2L2 protein, human
Paraffin Embedding
Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen
RELA protein, human
Granulocytes were isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy donors as described previously (11 , 28 (link), 29 (link)); ethics approval was obtained from the Lothian Research Ethics Committee (approval no. 08/S1103/38). Neutrophil isolates were >96% pure (with 1-3% contaminating eosinophils) as confirmed by morphological appearance using light microscopy. Cells were resuspended at 5 × 106/ml in Iscove's modified Dulbecco's medium (PAA, Pasching, Austria) plus 5% autologous serum and cultured at 37°C with 5% CO2 with apigenin, luteolin, wogonin, lipoteichoic acid (from Staphylococcus aureus ), and peptidoglycan (from Staphylococcus aureus ) (all from Sigma, Dorset, UK); and Q-VD-OPh, dexamethasone, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (all from R&D, Abingdon, UK), alone or in combination.
Apigenin
Cells
Dexamethasone
Donor, Blood
Eosinophil
Ethics Committees, Research
Granulocyte
Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor
Light Microscopy
lipoteichoic acid
Luteolin
Neutrophil
Peptidoglycan
quinoline-val-asp(OMe)-CH2-OPH
Serum
Staphylococcus aureus
wogonin
Most recents protocols related to «Wogonin»
We hypothesize that the targets of wogonin intersect with the targets of AML-M5 were potential therapeutic targets of wogonin on AML-M5. The targets of drug action were obtained through the TCMSP database37 (link) (https://old.tcmsp-e.com/tcmsp.php ) and the Swiss database38 (link),39 (link) (http://www.swisstargetprediction.ch/ ). Disease targets were obtained through the GeneCards40 (link) (https://www.genecards.org/ ), DisGeNET41 (link) (https://www.disgenet.org/ ), and OMIM databases42 (link) (https://www.omim.org ). They were then normalized by the UniProt database43 (link) (http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniprotkb ).
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Age-matched C57BLKS/J db/db (week 10, male, N = 40) and db/m mice (week 10, male, N = 16) were purchased from Beijing Huafukang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. The Committee Ethics approved all animal experiments at Dongguan Tungwah Hospital. All mice were housed in the University animal facility with a 12 h light/dark cycle and free to access water and pellet chow. Diabetic mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8 for each group): db/db, db/db + wogonin, db/db + wogonin + sh-SOCS3, db/db + wogonin + sh-SOCS3 + sh-TLR4. Db/m mice were used as the normal control. Mice in diabetic groups were administered 40 mg/kg wogonin (W0769, Sigma-Aldrich, MA, USA) every other day for 12 weeks (Liu et al. 2022; (link)Zheng et al. 2020) (link). Control mice (db/ db) were given the same volume of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, 0.1 mL). To inhibit SOCS3 and TLR4 genes, we injected the diabetic mice intravenously with 50 µL of lentivirus carrying SOCS3, TLR4, or negative control with a 1 × 10 11 virus particles/mL titer. The mice in the db/db + wogonin group were injected with the same volume of saline as a control. Mice were sacrificed at week 22. Subsequently, we collected the kidney, blood, and urine for subsequent analysis.
Human renal proximal tubule HK-2 cells (CRL-2190™, ATCC, VA, USA) were maintained in keratinocyte serum-free medium (K-SFM, 17005-042, ATCC, VA, USA) in a cell culture incubator. HK-2 cells were subject to 30 mmol/L of glucose for 24 h as high glucose exposure (Cui et al. 2023; (link)Li et al. 2021; (link)Liu et al. 2023) (link). To investigate the roles of wogonin in HG-induced cell toxicity, we exposed HK-2 cells to increasing concentrations of wogonin (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 µM) for 24 h to determine the suitable concentration for acute toxicity. We chose 8 µM as an optimal concentration for the co-treatment with wogonin and HG based on the cell viability. The treatment with mannitol (8 µM) for 24 h was used as the negative control. Mannitol plus HG medium was used as a control. In brief, cells were divided into three groups: (1) negative control, (2) HG, and (3) HG + wogonin. For in vitro cell viability, the assays were conducted using a commercial 992, Beijing, China) .
The main compounds of wogonin and key protein targets were analyzed by molecular docking using the AutoDockTools 1.5.7 software52 (link),53 . The 3D structures of wogonin were obtained from the TCMSP database. The 3D structures of key protein targets were obtained from the RCSB Protein Data Bank (RCSB PDB) database54 (link) (https://www.rcsb.org/ ). The figures of the active binding site were generated with the PyMOL 2.2.0 software (https://pymol.org/2/ ).
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The viability of the THP-1 cells was determined using a CCK-8 kit. THP-1 cells were inoculated in 96-well plates at a volume of 100 μl/well, then 10 μl medium containing various doses of wogonin (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/L) was added and incubated for 24 h and 48 h. Subsequently, 10 μl/well CCK-8 solution was added and incubated for 2 h. The BioTek H1MF microplate reader (BioTek Instruments, SYNERGYH1MF) was used to measure the absorbency (OD) at 450 nm. The cell viability was calculated with the following equation: Cell viability (%) = [OD (treated) − OD (blank)]/[OD (control) − OD (blank)] × 100%. The IC50 of wogonin was counted by Graph Pad Prism 8.0 software. In the following experiment, we added 100 mg/L or 200 mg/L wogonin to the culture medium of THP-1 cells at 48 h.
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Top products related to «Wogonin»
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Wogonin is a laboratory reagent used in scientific research applications. It is a flavonoid compound extracted from the roots of the Scutellaria baicalensis plant. Wogonin has demonstrated various biological activities in laboratory studies, but its core function is to serve as a research tool for investigating cellular processes and potential therapeutic applications. A detailed description of Wogonin's intended use or performance claims cannot be provided in an unbiased and factual manner.
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Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.
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Baicalein is a natural compound derived from the root of the Scutellaria baicalensis plant. It is a yellow crystalline powder that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent for research purposes. Baicalein exhibits various biological properties that make it a valuable tool for scientific investigations, but a detailed description of its core function or intended use is not available in an unbiased and factual manner.
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DMSO is a versatile organic solvent commonly used in laboratory settings. It has a high boiling point, low viscosity, and the ability to dissolve a wide range of polar and non-polar compounds. DMSO's core function is as a solvent, allowing for the effective dissolution and handling of various chemical substances during research and experimentation.
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DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium) is a cell culture medium formulated to support the growth and maintenance of a variety of cell types, including mammalian cells. It provides essential nutrients, amino acids, vitamins, and other components necessary for cell proliferation and survival in an in vitro environment.
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Baicalin is a chemical compound that is commonly used in laboratory research. It is a flavonoid that is extracted from the roots of the Scutellaria baicalensis plant. Baicalin has been studied for its potential biological activities, but its core function is as a research tool for scientific investigations. A detailed description of its intended uses or potential applications is not available due to the need to maintain an unbiased and factual approach.
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The FACSCalibur is a flow cytometry system designed for multi-parameter analysis of cells and other particles. It features a blue (488 nm) and a red (635 nm) laser for excitation of fluorescent dyes. The instrument is capable of detecting forward scatter, side scatter, and up to four fluorescent parameters simultaneously.
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RPMI 1640 medium is a commonly used cell culture medium developed at Roswell Park Memorial Institute. It is a balanced salt solution that provides essential nutrients, vitamins, and amino acids to support the growth and maintenance of a variety of cell types in vitro.
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Formic acid is a clear, colorless liquid chemical compound used in various industrial and laboratory applications. It is the simplest carboxylic acid, with the chemical formula HCOOH. Formic acid has a pungent odor and is highly corrosive. It is commonly used as a preservative, pH adjuster, and analytical reagent in laboratory settings.
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Acetonitrile is a colorless, volatile, flammable liquid. It is a commonly used solvent in various analytical and chemical applications, including liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and other laboratory procedures. Acetonitrile is known for its high polarity and ability to dissolve a wide range of organic compounds.
More about "Wogonin"
Wogonin is a naturally occurring flavonoid compound found in various plants, particularly the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis.
It has been extensively researched for its potential therapeutic applications due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties.
Wogonin has shown promise in preclinical studies for the treatment of conditions such as neurodegeneration, cancer, and metabolic disorders.
Baicalein, another flavonoid compound found in Scutellaria baicalensis, is often studied alongside Wogonin due to their similar chemical structures and biological activities.
Baicalin, the glycoside form of Baicalein, is also a compound of interest in Wogonin research.
The optimal dosages, delivery methods, and product formulations for Wogonin research require further investigation to enhance reproducibility and accuracy.
Researchers often utilize cell culture models, such as those involving FBS (Fetal Bovine Serum) and DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), to study the effects of Wogonin on various cell types.
Advanced analytical techniques, such as HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) and LCMS (Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry), are employed to quantify and characterize Wogonin and related compounds in biological samples.
Solvents like DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide) and Formic Acid are commonly used in these analytical procedures.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform can help researchers identify the most effective Wogonin products and protocols from the literature, preprints, and patents, thereby advancing this important area of study and enhancing reproducibility and accuracy.
It has been extensively researched for its potential therapeutic applications due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties.
Wogonin has shown promise in preclinical studies for the treatment of conditions such as neurodegeneration, cancer, and metabolic disorders.
Baicalein, another flavonoid compound found in Scutellaria baicalensis, is often studied alongside Wogonin due to their similar chemical structures and biological activities.
Baicalin, the glycoside form of Baicalein, is also a compound of interest in Wogonin research.
The optimal dosages, delivery methods, and product formulations for Wogonin research require further investigation to enhance reproducibility and accuracy.
Researchers often utilize cell culture models, such as those involving FBS (Fetal Bovine Serum) and DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), to study the effects of Wogonin on various cell types.
Advanced analytical techniques, such as HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) and LCMS (Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry), are employed to quantify and characterize Wogonin and related compounds in biological samples.
Solvents like DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide) and Formic Acid are commonly used in these analytical procedures.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform can help researchers identify the most effective Wogonin products and protocols from the literature, preprints, and patents, thereby advancing this important area of study and enhancing reproducibility and accuracy.