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Aromatase Inhibitors

Aromatase Inhibitors are a class of medications that work by blocking the aromatase enzyme, which is responsible for converting androgens into estrogens.
These drugs are primarily used in the treatment of estrogen-sensitive breast cancer, as they can effectively reduce estrogen levels and slow the growth of tumors.
Aromatase Inhibitors have been shown to be highly effective in postmenopausal women, and are often prescribed as an alternative to tamoxifen.
They may also be used in the treatment of other estrogen-dependent conditions, such as endometriosis and uterine fibroids.
Researchers continue to explore the potential applications of Aromatase Inhibitors, as well as ways to optimize their efficacy and minimize side effects.
This MeSH term provides a concise overview of this important class of medications and their clinical uses.

Most cited protocols related to «Aromatase Inhibitors»

1
Menopausal Hot Flash Clinical Trial
Cited 10 times
The trial was conducted at 4 MsFlash network sites (Appendix 1). Participants were recruited from July 2009 to June 2010, primarily by mass mailing to age-eligible women on purchased mailing lists or health-plan enrollment files. Eligible women were ages 40–62 years, in the menopause transition (amenorrhea >=60 days in the past year), or postmenopausal (>=12 months since last menstrual period or bi-lateral oophorectomy), or had a hysterectomy with one or both ovaries remaining and FSH >20 mIU/mL and estradiol <=50 pg/mL; and were in general good health as determined by medical history, a brief physical exam and standard blood tests.
The required hot flash criteria were >=4 hot flashes or night sweats per day (24 hours) (an average of >=28 hot flashes/night sweats per week) recorded on daily hot flash diaries for 3 weeks in the screening period. Hot flashes/ night sweats had to be rated as bothersome (moderate or a lot) or severe (moderate or severe) on 4 or more days per week.
Exclusion criteria included use of psychotropic medications, prescription, over-the-counter, or herbal therapies for hot flashes in the past 30 days; hormone therapy, hormonal contraceptives, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) or aromatase inhibitors in the past 2 months; current severe medical illness, major depressive episode, drug or alcohol abuse in the past year; suicide attempt in the past 3 years; lifetime diagnosis of bipolar disorder or psychosis, uncontrolled hypertension, history of endometrial or ovarian cancer, myocardial infarction, angina or cerebrovascular events or lack of non-hormonal contraception if sexually active and not postmenopausal.
Freeman E.W., Guthrie K.A., Caan B., Sternfeld B., Cohen L.S., Joffe H., Carpenter J.S., Anderson G.L., Larson J.C., Ensrud K.E., Reed S., Newton K.M., Sherman S., Sammel M.D, & La Croix A.Z. (2011). Efficacy of Escitalopram for Hot Flashes in Healthy Menopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association, 305(3), 267-274.
Publication 2011
Abuse, Alcohol Angina Pectoris Aromatase Inhibitors Bipolar Disorder Contraceptive Agents Diagnosis Drugs, Non-Prescription Endometrium Estradiol Health Planning Hematologic Tests High Blood Pressures Hormonal Contraception Hormones Hot Flashes Hysterectomy Menopause Menstruation Myocardial Infarction Ovarian Cancer Ovariectomy Ovary Pharmaceutical Preparations Physical Examination Phytotherapy Psychotic Disorders Psychotropic Drugs Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators Suicide Attempt Sweat Therapeutics Woman
2
Multicenter Bone Imaging Protocol
Cited 9 times
Of the 1690 attending one of the six CRFs, 1658 had a DXA bone scan; of these, 1350 also had a pQCT scan of the nondominant radius (distal 4% and diaphyseal 50% sites) at one of five CRFs where this equipment was provided. All the sites used QDR 4500 Discovery (Hologic Inc., Bedford, MA, USA) and XCT 2000 (Stratec, Pforzheim, Germany) DXA and pQCT scanners, respectively. For consistency and optimization in scan acquisition, a detailed training protocol booklet and illustrative CD were prepared, for each center, on subject and phantom scanning. For cross calibration the European Spine Phantom [ESP]; number 04–22013 (link)), which has three trabecular BMD value (50, 100, 200 mg/cm3) inserts, was scanned at each center at the start and end of the study period. The “known” BMD values of each ESP vertebral body were plotted against the “measured” BMD values and coefficients from the line of best fit were recorded14 (link) and used to calculate standardized BMD (sBMD). The European forearm phantom (EFP)14 (link) similarly was scanned 10 times on each pQCT scanner at the beginning and end of the study in each center and differences between scanners were tested for total and trabecular vBMD and total area of section 1 to 3; cortical vBMD was tested for section 4 only. No cross-calibration was necessary for pQCT measurements.14 (link) For quality assurance (QA) the phantoms provided by the scanner manufacturer were scanned daily and the results were sent to the bone coordinating center monthly for scrutiny. All data were centrally analyzed and scrutinized by author JEA’s laboratory.
The pQCT scans at the distal 4% site provided measures of trabecular and total vBMD and distal CSA, and at the 50% site provided CSA of the diaphysis and the medullary cavity (medullary CSA), and cortical vBMD and polar SSI (mm3)15 (link) were extracted.
The DXA measures included in this analysis were aBMD for the lumbar spine (L1–L4) and total hip. Information on prescribed oral glucocorticoids, aromatase inhibitors, and all medications taken for osteoporosis was obtained.
Kuh D., Wills A.K., Shah I., Prentice A., Hardy R., Adams J.E., Ward K, & Cooper C. (2013). Growth From Birth to Adulthood and Bone Phenotype in Early Old Age: A British Birth Cohort Study. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 29(1), 123-133.
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Publication 2013
Aromatase Inhibitors Bones Cancellous Bone Cortex, Cerebral Dental Caries Diaphyses Europeans Forearm Glucocorticoids Medulla Oblongata Osteoporosis Pharmaceutical Preparations Radionuclide Imaging Radius Vertebrae, Lumbar Vertebral Body Vertebral Column
3
Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Cancer Survivors
Cited 9 times
The 81-item IOC questionnaire is described in detail elsewhere (33 (link)). Briefly, all items are scored on a five-point scale through which respondents indicate their level of agreement (strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree, or strongly agree). The instrument consists of 70 items that are designed to be applicable to all long-term cancer survivors, three items that are designed to be applicable specifically to respondents who are currently employed, four relationship items that are designed to be applicable to respondents who do not currently have a partner, and four items that are designed to be applicable to respondents who have a partner.
In addition to the IOC questionnaire, the materials mailed at the time of resurvey included the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale, a widely used and well-validated 20-item instrument for assessing depressive symptoms (36 ), and Breast Cancer Prevention Trial (BCPT) Symptom Checklist, a scaled, 18-item instrument designed to assess physical effects of medical interventions to prevent and treat breast cancer with validated subscales (37 (link),38 (link)).
We used responses from the baseline survey (administered 2000-2002) to ascertain age, race or ethnicity, education level, age at diagnosis, type of surgery (breast conserving versus mastectomy), and receipt of chemotherapy. We used responses from the resurvey to ascertain income, current menopausal status, use of adjuvant hormonal therapy (current and past tamoxifen use and current and past aromatase inhibitor use), current use of antidepressants, diagnosis of 30 comorbid medical conditions, and self-assessed general health status (a single item in which respondents rated their health on a five-point scale from excellent to poor). Body mass index was computed from self-reported height and weight at resurvey. Responses to the question “Are you currently married, living together as married, or in a significant relationship?” on the IOC questionnaire were used to ascertain partnered vs non-partnered status. Responses to the question “Were you employed and earning income at some time during the last 12 months?” on the IOC questionnaire were used to ascertain employment status. Recurrences and new primary cancers were ascertained by mailed semi-annual health status update questionnaires that asked participants to report any events occurring in the preceding 6 months.
Crespi C.M., Ganz P.A., Petersen L., Castillo A, & Caan B. (2008). Refinement and Psychometric Evaluation of the Impact of Cancer Scale. JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 100(21), 1530-1541.
Publication 2008
Antidepressive Agents Aromatase Inhibitors Breast Depressive Symptoms Diagnosis Ethnicity Index, Body Mass Long-Term Cancer Survivors Malignant Neoplasm of Breast Malignant Neoplasms Mastectomy Menopause Operative Surgical Procedures Pharmaceutical Adjuvants Pharmacotherapy Physical Examination Recurrence Tamoxifen Therapeutics
4
Unexplained Infertility Treatment Comparison
Cited 7 times

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Publication 2015
Age Groups Aromatase Inhibitors Clomiphene Citrate Contraceptives, Oral Females Gonadotropins Letrozole Males Menopur Obstetric Delivery Ovarian Stimulation Pharmaceutical Preparations Pregnancy Safety Sterility, Reproductive Subcutaneous Injections Woman
5
Wellness After Breast Cancer Study
Cited 7 times
The Wellness After Breast Cancer (WABC) Study is a cross-sectional study conducted between March 2008 and July 2009 at the Rowan Breast Cancer Center of the Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia, PA, USA). Eligibility criteria included postmenopausal status (≥12 months of amenorrhea), history of histologically-confirmed hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, AJCC stages 0 to III, and exposure to a third-generation aromatase inhibitor (anastrozole, letrozole, or exemestane). Additional eligibility criteria included completion of all chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy at least one month prior to enrollment, approval of the patient's primary oncologist, and ability to provide informed consent. Research assistants screened medical records and approached potential patients for enrollment at their regular follow-up appointments. After informed consent was obtained, each participant completed a self-administered survey. Peripheral blood was collected; whole blood and serum samples were banked at -80°C for genetic and biomarker analysis, respectively. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Pennsylvania.
Mao J.J., Su H.I., Feng R., Donelson M.L., Aplenc R., Rebbeck T.R., Stanczyk F, & DeMichele A. (2011). Association of functional polymorphisms in CYP19A1 with aromatase inhibitor associated arthralgia in breast cancer survivors. Breast Cancer Research : BCR, 13(1), R8.
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Publication 2011
Anastrozole Aromatase Inhibitors Biological Markers BLOOD Eligibility Determination Ethics Committees, Research exemestane Hormones Letrozole Malignant Neoplasm of Breast Oncologists Patients Pharmacotherapy Radiotherapy Serum Sorbus

Most recents protocols related to «Aromatase Inhibitors»

1
Gynecologic Treatments for Uterine Fibroids
Descriptive statistics were used to summarize study population characteristics. Treatment patterns over the first and second years following the index date, and for the full duration of postindex follow-up, were assessed as the proportion of patients treated with gynecologic procedures and/or prescribed pharmacologic therapies of interest that were reimbursed by insurance. Pharmacologic therapies of interest were hormonal treatments (oral and nonoral contraceptives), including intrauterine devices (IUDs, except ParaGard®/copper IUD), estrogen, progestin, aromatase inhibitors, elagolix, danazol, leuprolide, or any luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists.
Also evaluated were the use of tranexamic acid and pain medicines, including narcotic (prescribed for ≥30 days) and prescription non-narcotic analgesics. Not available for analysis were over-the-counter products not captured in medical claims and prescriptions not reimbursed by the payer. Gynecologic procedures of interest were hysterectomy, operative laparoscopy, myomectomy, oophorectomy, ablation of the endometrium and/or fibroids, excision, and salpingectomy. Finally, data were collected for pharmacologic treatments of interest (hormonal or analgesic) received by patients in the year preceding the index date.
Patients in both cohorts who underwent hysterectomy within 1 year postindex date were further stratified by age. Logistic regression models were constructed to determine factors associated with specific treatments (hysterectomy and hormonal therapy) in patients with UF-HMB and UF-only. To isolate these findings to patients who received hysterectomy due to UF, the regression analysis excluded patients with a claim for endometriosis (ICD-9 617.X or ICD-10 N80.X). This exclusion was applied because of the potential for confounding due to concomitant comorbidity. The variables included in the logistic regression were factors that could contribute to treatment decision-making and that could be captured in claims data. These were age, abnormal bleeding, anemia, fatigue, infertility, pain, prior- and post-UF diagnosis use of medications, including hormonal treatment, non-narcotic, or narcotic analgesic treatment, and inpatient or outpatient diagnosis site. Data were analyzed using SAS/STAT(r) software, version 15.1 (2016 SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA).
McKain L., Edsall K., Dufour R, & Lickert C. (2023). Treatment Patterns in Patients with Uterine Fibroids With and Without a Diagnosis of Heavy Menstrual Bleeding: Results from a Large U.S. Claims Database. Journal of Women's Health, 32(3), 332-340.
Publication 2023
agonists Analgesics Analgesics, Non-Narcotic Anemia Aromatase Inhibitors Contraceptive Agents Danazol Diagnosis Drugs, Non-Prescription elagolix Endometrial Ablation Techniques Endometriosis Estrogens Fatigue Gonadorelin Hysterectomy Inpatient Intrauterine Devices Intrauterine Devices, Copper Laparoscopy Leuprolide Narcotic Analgesics Narcotics Outpatients Ovariectomy Pain Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Pharmacotherapy Prescriptions Progestins Salpingectomy Sterility, Reproductive Tranexamic Acid Uterine Fibroids Uterine Myomectomy
2
National Survey of Breast Cancer ET Adherence
This study was a national population-based survey of women with stages I–III breast cancer prescribed ET in Ireland. Eligible women were identified from the records of the population-based National Cancer Registry Ireland and were: (i) aged ≥ 18 years; (ii) had a diagnosis of stages I–III, estrogen (ER) or progesterone (PR) receptor positive breast cancer during 01/07/2009-–30/06/2014; (iii) received tumour-directed surgery; (iv) were prescribed adjuvant ET (selective estrogen receptor modulator, SERM; aromatase inhibitor, AI) within 1 year of breast cancer diagnosis and up to 5 years and were (v) alive. Women were excluded if they had previously been diagnosed with another invasive cancer other than non-melanoma skin cancer (N = 2890 eligible women). GPs (N = 656) screened women for any medical reasons that they should not be invited to take part in the study (e.g. cancer recurrence, metastatic disease, palliative care, deceased) and 355 (12%) were considered to be ineligible. In total, 2535 eligible women were invited, by post, to self-complete a questionnaire measuring; (i) socio-demographics; (ii) modifiable determinants of ET non-adherence and; (iii) non-adherence (Fig. 1). Ethical approval was granted by the Irish College of General Practitioners. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Number of participants at each stage of the study

Cahir C., Bennett K., Dombrowski S.U., Kelly C.M., Wells M., Watson E, & Sharp L. (2023). Informing interventions to improve uptake of adjuvant endocrine therapy in women with breast cancer: a theoretical-based examination of modifiable influences on non-adherence. Supportive Care in Cancer, 31(3), 200.
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Publication 2023
Aromatase Inhibitors Breast Carcinoma Estrogens Familial Atypical Mole-Malignant Melanoma Syndrome General Practitioners Malignant Neoplasm of Breast Malignant Neoplasms Neoplasm Metastasis Neoplasms Operative Surgical Procedures Palliative Care Pharmaceutical Adjuvants Receptors, Progesterone Recurrence Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators Woman
3
Fulvestrant in Metastatic Hormone-Receptor Positive Breast Cancer
Study populations
Post-menopausal mHRPBC patients who were followed up at the medical oncology clinic, using fulvestrant were retrospectively screened. The study included patients aged 18 years and older, who developed metastasis while taking tamoxifen and/or aromatase inhibitors in the adjuvant period (adjuvant hormonal therapy used for at least 12 months) or were detected to have metastasis at the time of diagnosis. All the patients had histologically confirmed mHRPBC and used 500 mg fulvestrant (on days 0, 14, and 28, followed by every 28 days) until treatment was discontinued due to progression, toxicity, or mortality.
Overall survival (OS) times of the patients are defined as the time from the date of diagnosis to mortality or the last follow-up for the surviving patients. Progression-free survival (PFS) was determined as the time from the beginning of fulvestrant use to disease progression or mortality from any cause. PFS, OS, clinical response, adverse events, and clinical response to subsequent post-fulvestrant therapy were investigated. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated by dividing the body weight by the square of height (kg/m²). The patients were classified into two groups according to their BMI values (<30 and ≥30). The primary endpoint was PFS, and the secondary endpoint was factors affecting PFS. The Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) were used to evaluate clinical response. The best overall response was determined according to the following criteria: complete response (CR), stable disease (SD), partial response (PR), and progressive disease (PD). The clinical benefit rate (CBR) of the patients was calculated by summing the three response rates (CR + PR + SD), and the overall response rate (ORR) was calculated by summing the partial and complete responses.
Statistical analysis 
Descriptive statistics were presented as numbers and percentages for categorical variables, and median with minimum and maximum values and mean ± standard deviation for numerical variables. Survival analysis was performed with the Kaplan-Meier method. Significant variables in the univariate analysis were introduced into a multivariate Cox model. The p-value <0.05 was considered significant in all statistical analyses.
Kut E, & Menekse S. (2023). Retrospective Evaluation of Fulvestrant Efficacy and Clinical Results in Patients Using Fulvestrant. Cureus, 15(3), e35748.
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Publication 2023
Aromatase Inhibitors Body Weight Diagnosis Disease Progression Fulvestrant Index, Body Mass Menopause Patients Pharmaceutical Adjuvants Tamoxifen Therapeutics
4
Assessing Depression and Anxiety in Breast Cancer Survivors
Cited 1 time
Data are presented as number of cases (% of total) and as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Statistical analysis was performed with the software SPSS version 25 (IBM-Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Statistical significance was determined with a p-value < 0.05.
Groupings were made according to data collected at the time of assessment. The variable age was divided into <50 years vs. ≥50 years because it is the median age of menopause in Mexico [25 (link),26 ] and in the rest of the world [27 (link)] and also because BCSs under the age of 50 are the ones who suffer more depressive and anxiety symptoms [28 (link),29 (link)]. The variable years since diagnostic or elapsed years was divided into <5 years vs. ≥5 years. Based on this criterion, doctors are able to estimate whether the cancer has been overcome and to aromatase inhibitor treatments and drugs such as tamoxifen, which are prescribed for a period of 5 years after the last CH or RTH [30 (link)]. The following variables were also classified: receiving treatment (receiving treatment vs. without receiving treatment), medical history (with medical history vs. without medical history), marital status (with partner vs. without partner), employment status (employee vs. unemployed), and educational level (up to high school vs. university or higher).
The differences in the total score of depression and anxiety between groups were tested by bivariate analysis, performing a t-test for independent samples, with the group to which each patient belonged as a fixed factor.
In addition, magnitude-based inference (MBI) was used for analysis to determine likelihood of the beneficial/trivial/harmful effect of the variables under study on the depression and anxiety subscales, using a dedicated spreadsheet following the terms and rules specified by Batterham and Hopkins [31 (link),32 (link),33 (link)]. Inferences were based on the confidence interval range of 90% to the smallest clinically meaningful effect to be positive, trivial or negative. Unclear results are reported if the observed confidence interval overlaps both positive and negative values. The levels of likely and compatibility are determined as follows: <0.5%, most unlikely; 0.5–5%, very unlikely; 5–25%, unlikely; 25–75%, possibly; 75–95%, likely; 95–99.5% very likely; >99.5%, most likely.
Álvarez-Pardo S., de Paz J.A., Romero-Pérez E.M., Tánori-Tapia J.M., Rendón-Delcid P.A., González-Bernal J.J., Fernández-Solana J., Simón-Vicente L., Mielgo-Ayuso J, & González-Santos J. (2023). Related Factors with Depression and Anxiety in Mastectomized Women Breast Cancer Survivors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(4), 2881.
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Publication 2023
Anxiety Aromatase Inhibitors Breast-Conserving Surgery Diagnosis factor A Malignant Neoplasms Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Physicians Tamoxifen Workers
5
Breast Cancer Patients' Adherence and Tolerance to Endocrine Therapy
In this retrospective observational study, we analyzed a population of 373 patients with hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer currently or previously treated with AET (tamoxifen, AI, GnRH agonists). A specific questionnaire was administered to these patients during one of their follow-up visits at the Breast Unit of “Mauriziano Umberto I” Hospital in Turin from January 2021 to December 2021.
The questionnaire was composed of 31 questions and 5 sections: AET tolerance and side effects; adherence to treatment (regularity of assumption, change or suspension of treatment due to intolerance); adherence and tolerance to extended therapy; patient–physician communication and strategies suggested to control side effects; and the importance and efficacy of medical and psychological support (Appendix A).
The study included patients with hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer (luminal A and luminal B) who underwent any type of surgery (mastectomy or conservative surgery) followed by AET (tamoxifen, AI, GnRH agonists) from at least 6 months, also including those in the extended therapy regimen. We did not include in our analysis patients on exclusive endocrine therapy and patients with breast cancer recurrence, nor did we include patients who used both tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors because it could represent a confounding factor. We did not set any limit in terms of time from diagnosis or from the beginning of follow-up.
Rosso R., D’Alonzo M., Bounous V.E., Actis S., Cipullo I., Salerno E, & Biglia N. (2023). Adherence to Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy in Breast Cancer Patients. Current Oncology, 30(2), 1461-1472.
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Publication 2023
agonists Aromatase Inhibitors Breast Diagnosis Gonadorelin Hormones Immune Tolerance Malignant Neoplasm of Breast Mastectomy Operative Surgical Procedures Patients Phenobarbital Recurrence System, Endocrine Tamoxifen Therapeutics Treatment Protocols

Top products related to «Aromatase Inhibitors»

1
Femara by Novartis
Sourced in Switzerland, Germany
Femara is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Novartis. It is designed to perform various analytical and measurement tasks in research and development settings. The core function of Femara is to provide accurate and reliable data for scientific investigations, without any interpretation or extrapolation on its intended use.
2
17β estradiol by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, Sao Tome and Principe, China, France, Macao, Switzerland, Israel, Belgium, Hungary, Canada, Italy
17β-estradiol is a natural estrogen hormone produced by the ovaries, adrenal glands, and other tissues in the body. It is a key component in various laboratory and research applications, serving as a substrate, reference standard, or analytical tool for the study of estrogen-related processes and pathways.
3
Fadrozole by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Fadrozole is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Merck Group. It is an aromatase inhibitor, a class of compounds that block the aromatase enzyme responsible for the conversion of androgens to estrogens. Fadrozole is used in research applications to study the role of estrogen in various biological processes.
4
Sas statistical software by SAS Institute
Sourced in United States, Austria, Japan, Cameroon
SAS statistical software is a comprehensive data analysis and visualization tool. It provides a wide range of statistical procedures and analytical capabilities for managing, analyzing, and presenting data. The software is designed to handle large and complex datasets, allowing users to perform advanced statistical modeling, regression analysis, and data mining tasks. The core function of the SAS statistical software is to enable users to extract insights and make data-driven decisions.
5
Letrozole by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Australia
Letrozole is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Merck Group. It is a selective aromatase inhibitor, which is a class of compounds that block the enzyme aromatase, responsible for the conversion of androgens into estrogens.
6
Letrozole by Bio-Techne
Sourced in United Kingdom
Letrozole is a laboratory reagent used in the field of biochemistry and cell biology research. It is a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor that blocks the activity of the aromatase enzyme, which is responsible for the conversion of androgens to estrogens. Letrozole is commonly used in scientific research to study the role of estrogen in various biological processes.
7
Letrozole by Novartis
Sourced in Switzerland, Germany, India
Letrozole is a selective aromatase inhibitor used in the treatment of breast cancer. It works by blocking the enzyme aromatase, which is responsible for the production of estrogen in the body. This can help slow the growth of certain types of breast cancer that are dependent on estrogen for their growth.
8
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Italy, Sao Tome and Principe, France, Macao, India, Canada, Switzerland, Japan, Australia, Spain, Poland, Belgium, Brazil, Czechia, Portugal, Austria, Denmark, Israel, Sweden, Ireland, Hungary, Mexico, Netherlands, Singapore, Indonesia, Slovakia, Cameroon, Norway, Thailand, Chile, Finland, Malaysia, Latvia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Pakistan, Uruguay, Bangladesh
DMSO is a versatile organic solvent commonly used in laboratory settings. It has a high boiling point, low viscosity, and the ability to dissolve a wide range of polar and non-polar compounds. DMSO's core function is as a solvent, allowing for the effective dissolution and handling of various chemical substances during research and experimentation.
9
Ym298198 by Bio-Techne
Sourced in United Kingdom
YM298198 is a small molecule inhibitor that acts as a selective and potent inhibitor of the p38 MAPK pathway. It is commonly used in cell-based research to study the role of the p38 MAPK signaling cascade.
10
Flutamide by Bio-Techne
Sourced in United Kingdom
Flutamide is a selective androgen receptor antagonist used as a laboratory reagent. It functions by binding to and blocking the androgen receptor, thereby inhibiting the effects of androgens. Flutamide is commonly used in cell-based assays and other research applications to study the role of androgen signaling.

More about "Aromatase Inhibitors"

Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs) are a class of pharmaceuticals that work by blocking the aromatase enzyme, which is responsible for converting androgens (male hormones) into estrogens (female hormones).
These drugs are primarily used in the treatment of estrogen-sensitive breast cancer, as they can effectively reduce estrogen levels and slow the growth of tumors.
Aromatase Inhibitors have been shown to be highly effective in postmenopausal women, and are often prescribed as an alternative to Tamoxifen.
AIs may also be used in the treatment of other estrogen-dependent conditions, such as endometriosis and uterine fibroids.
Researchers continue to explore the potential applications of Aromatase Inhibitors, as well as ways to optimize their efficacy and minimize side effects.
Some common Aromatase Inhibitors include Femara (Letrozole), Arimidex (Anastrozole), and Aromasin (Exemestane).
These medications work by blocking the aromatase enzyme, which is responsible for converting 17β-estradiol, a potent estrogen, from androgen precursors.
This results in a reduction of estrogen levels, which can help slow the growth of estrogen-sensitive tumors.
Aromatase Inhibitors are often used in conjunction with other therapies, such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy, to treat breast cancer.
They may also be used as a preventive measure in high-risk individuals or as a treatment for other estrogen-dependent conditions.
Researchers continue to explore the use of Aromatase Inhibitors, including the development of new compounds like Fadrozole and YM298198, as well as the use of SAS statistical software to analyze the efficacy and safety of these drugs.
The use of DMSO as a solvent for Aromatase Inhibitors is also an area of ongoing research.
Overall, Aromatase Inhibitors are an important class of medications that have had a significant impact on the treatment of estrogen-sensitive breast cancer and other estrogen-dependent conditions.
As research continues, we can expect to see further advancements in the use of these drugs to improve patient outcomes.