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Inhibitor, Calcineurin

Inhibotors of the calcineurin enzyme, a key regulator of T-cell activation and immune response.
Calcineurin inhibitors play a critical role in transplant medicine, autoimmune disorders, and neurological conditions.
This page provides a comprehensive overview of the most effective inhibitor protocols identified through AI-powered literature analysis, helping researchers optimize their studies for enhanced reproducibility and accuracy.
Discover the latest advancements in calcineurin inhibitor research today.

Most cited protocols related to «Inhibitor, Calcineurin»

Topical Therapies for Atopic Dermatitis Management

Cited 9 times

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Publication 2014

Adrenal Cortex Hormones Anti-Bacterial Agents Anti-Infective Agents, Local Antibiotics beta-thujaplicin cDNA Library Chlorhexidine Dermatitis, Atopic Dermatitis, Atopic, 2 Diagnosis Eczema Emollients Hydrocortisone Inhibitor, Calcineurin Microbicides Mupirocin Patients Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors Physicians, Family physiology pimecrolimus Potassium Permanganate Prognosis retapamulin Tacrolimus Tar, coal triclocarban Triclosan

Atopic Dermatitis Treatment Protocol

Cited 6 times

Patients applied moisturizers twice daily for 7 or more days before randomization and throughout the study. A 35-day screening period preceded initiation of the study drug. Systemic nonsteroidal immunosuppressants, systemic or topical corticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, and topical crisaborole could be used only as rescue treatment by patients with intolerable AD symptoms at the discretion of the investigator (additional details in eMethods in Supplement 2). Patients who completed the 16-week treatment period were eligible to participate in an open-label extension study (R668-AD-1434, LIBERTY AD PED-OLE, NCT02612454); patients not enrolling in the open-label extension study were followed up for 12 additional weeks.

Simpson E.L., Paller A.S., Siegfried E.C., Boguniewicz M., Sher L., Gooderham M.J., Beck L.A., Guttman-Yassky E., Pariser D., Blauvelt A., Weisman J., Lockshin B., Hultsch T., Zhang Q., Kamal M.A., Davis J.D., Akinlade B., Staudinger H., Hamilton J.D., Graham N.M., Pirozzi G., Gadkari A., Eckert L., Stahl N., Yancopoulos G.D., Ruddy M, & Bansal A. (2019). Efficacy and Safety of Dupilumab in Adolescents With Uncontrolled Moderate to Severe Atopic Dermatitis: A Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Dermatology, 156(1), 44-56.

Publication 2019

Adrenal Cortex Hormones crisaborole Dietary Supplements Immunosuppressive Agents Inhibitor, Calcineurin Patients

Phase 2b Trial of Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis

Cited 6 times

This phase 2b, multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study was conducted between April 15, 2016, and April 4, 2017, at 58 centers in Australia, Canada, Germany, Hungary, and the United States (NCT02780167) (trial protocol in Supplement 2). A 35-day screening period was followed by a 12-week double-blinded, placebo-controlled treatment period and a 4-week follow-up (eFigure 2 in Supplement 1). The study was conducted in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki^{15 (link)} and all International Council for Harmonization Good Clinical Practice Guidelines. All local regulatory requirements were followed. This research was approved by institutional review boards or ethics committees at each study site (eTable 1 in Supplement 1). All patients provided written informed consent.
Eligible patients were men or women aged 18 to 75 years with a clinical diagnosis of moderate to severe AD (percentage of affected body surface area [%BSA] ≥10; Investigator’s Global Assessment [IGA] score ≥3; and Eczema Area and Severity Index [EASI] score ≥12) for 1 year or more before day 1 of the study and inadequate response to topical medications (topical corticosteroids or topical calcineurin inhibitors) for 4 weeks or more (based on investigator’s judgment) or inability to receive topical treatment within 12 months before the first dose of study drug because it was medically inadvisable (eg, application to a large %BSA, which is associated with increased risk for systemic absorption and suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and cutaneous adverse effects such as burning or stinging sensations with topical calcineurin inhibitors or skin atrophy, purpura, telangiectasia, and striae with chronic use of topical corticosteroids). Patients who had used topical corticosteroids or topical calcineurin inhibitors within 1 week of the first dose of study drug were excluded (see eAppendix in Supplement 1 for detailed eligibility criteria). Patients were permitted to use oral antihistamines and nonmedicated emollient (CeraVe lotion [CeraVe]; or Aquaphor [Beiersdorf Inc]) and sunscreen (both provided by the sponsor) during the study. Patients who received prohibited systemic or topical medication for AD before week 12 were discontinued from treatment.

Gooderham M.J., Forman S.B., Bissonnette R., Beebe J.S., Zhang W., Banfield C., Zhu L., Papacharalambous J., Vincent M.S, & Peeva E. (2019). Efficacy and Safety of Oral Janus Kinase 1 Inhibitor Abrocitinib for Patients With Atopic Dermatitis: A Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Dermatology, 155(12), 1371-1379.

Publication 2019

Administration, Topical Adrenal Cortex Hormones Atrophy Body Surface Area Diagnosis Dietary Supplements Eczema Eligibility Determination Emollients Ethics Committees Ethics Committees, Research Histamine Antagonists Hypothalamus Inhibitor, Calcineurin Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Pituitary-Adrenal System Placebos Purpura Skin Striae Distensae Systemic Absorption Woman

CnB1 KO Mouse Keratinocyte Isolation and UV Treatment

Cited 6 times

MKCs were prepared from newborn mice and were cultured following standard protocols, as previously described [37 (link), 38 (link)]. In order to obtain CnB1 KO MKCs, MKCs from CnB1^flox/flox transgenic mice (see below) were infected with an adenovirus expressing Cre (Ad-Cre) or GFP (Ad-GFP, as a control). Primary HKCs were isolated from foreskin tissues and were cultured in serum-free keratinocyte medium (SFM, Invitrogen) as previously described [39 (link)–41 (link)]. All SCC lines (SCC12, 13, 15, 25 were derived from the skin, and SCCO11, O12, O22, O23, O28 were derived from the oral epithelium) were cultured in SFM. Human foreskin tissues were obtained from discarded hospital specimens following an institutional protocol (NO.2015120401, Date: 12-05-2015). Clinical SCC samples were obtained from the Department of Dermatology, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland. Participants were provided verbal and written informed consent; the protocol was approved by the Swiss Ethics Committee as described previously [26 (link), 42 (link)].
Methods for infecting adenoviruses, lentivirus or retroviruses followed described protocols [26 (link), 43 (link)]. For transient transfection of siRNA, Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen) was employed and the final concentration of siRNA in the transfection medium was 200 nM. All siRNA oligo sequences are listed in S2 Table.
CsA (30024, Sigma-Aldrich) was dissolved in DMSO and stored as a stock solution (20 mM); TPA (P8139, Sigma-Aldrich) was dissolved in acetone and stored as a stock solution (10 mM). Both CsA and TPA were kept at -80°C. The Vivit peptide, an inhibitor of calcineurin mediated NFAT activation [44 (link)], and its negative control, the Veet peptide, were chemically synthesized by the Peptide Core facility of the University of Lausanne and were then dissolved in H₂O and stored as stock solutions (20 mM) at -80°C. The final concentration of CsA and Vivit used to treat in vitro keratinocyte cultures was 5 μm.
For UVB treatment In vitro: After removal of culture medium and two washes with PBS, confluent keratinocytes were covered with PBS and exposed to 35 mJ/cm² UVB. The UVB dose was measured each time using an IL 1400A photometer (International Light Inc., Newburyport, MA) equipped with a SEL240 probe. After UVB exposure, PBS was removed from the cells and replaced with culture medium. Cells were harvested at different times (as indicated in each experiment) after UVB treatment for RNA isolation and total protein extract preparation.

Wu X., Tommasi di Vignano A., Zhou Q., Michel-Dziunycz P.J., Bai F., Mi J., Qin J., Zu T, & Hofbauer G.F. (2018). The ARE-binding protein Tristetraprolin (TTP) is a novel target and mediator of calcineurin tumor suppressing function in the skin. PLoS Genetics, 14(5), e1007366.

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Publication 2018

Acetone Adenoviruses Adenovirus Vaccine Cells Culture Media Epithelium Ethics Committees Foreskin Homo sapiens Infant, Newborn Inhibitor, Calcineurin isolation Keratinocyte Lentivirus Light lipofectamine 2000 Mice, Transgenic Mus Oligonucleotides Peptides Proteins Retroviridae RNA, Small Interfering Serum Skin Sulfoxide, Dimethyl Tissues Transfection Transients VIVIT peptide

Long-term Dupilumab Study for Atopic Dermatitis

Cited 5 times

LIBERTY AD OLE is an ongoing, multicenter, open-label trial in adults with moderate-to-severe AD (NCT01949311). The protocol is provided in electronic supplementary material 1. The detailed study design and data (cut-off date April 2016) have been previously reported [13 (link)]. We report results with a cut-off date of 1 December 2018 (database lock 13 February 2019), at which time approximately 550 sites in 28 countries in North America, Europe, and Asia–Pacific had participated.
Patients were included if they participated in previous phase I–III dupilumab studies (including patients in the placebo groups) [10 (link)–12 (link), 14 (link)–21 (link)] and adequately completed the required parent study assessments or were screened for phase III studies (NCT02277743/NCT02277769) [12 (link)], but not randomized due to randomization closure. Patients were ineligible if they had an adverse event (AE) deemed related to dupilumab that led to treatment discontinuation or had a serious AE deemed related to dupilumab in the parent study.
Patients enrolled from October 2013 received subcutaneous dupilumab 200 mg weekly (400 mg loading dose). Following protocol amendment on 12 December 2013, patients received 300 mg weekly based on the dose regimens selected for phase III studies.
Rescue medications included systemic corticosteroids (SCSs) and nonsteroidal systemic immunosuppressive medications (including phototherapy). Patients who received rescue medication discontinued study treatment for the duration of the rescue treatment plus five half-lives, after which they could resume dupilumab treatment. Protocol Amendment 7 allowed patients who used SCSs as rescue medication to continue treatment with study drug. Other concomitant treatments for AD, including TCSs and topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCIs), were permitted.
The original planned study duration per patient was up to 3 years of treatment or until regulatory approval/commercial availability of dupilumab in the patient’s geographic region, whichever came first. Country-specific protocol Amendment 7 for France, Germany, Poland, and Japan permitted those patients who had already completed 3 years of treatment to continue or restart and continue treatment through 31 December 2017. Region-specific Amendment 8 extended the treatment period to 5 years in Poland and Finland, and to September 2018 in France.

Beck L.A., Thaçi D., Deleuran M., Blauvelt A., Bissonnette R., de Bruin-Weller M., Hide M., Sher L., Hussain I., Chen Z., Khokhar F.A., Beazley B., Ruddy M., Patel N., Graham N.M., Ardeleanu M, & Shumel B. (2020). Dupilumab Provides Favorable Safety and Sustained Efficacy for up to 3 Years in an Open-Label Study of Adults with Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 21(4), 567-577.

Publication 2020

Adrenal Cortex Hormones Adult dupilumab Immunosuppressive Agents Inhibitor, Calcineurin Mandibulofacial Dysostosis Parent Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Phototherapy Placebos Treatment Protocols

Most recents protocols related to «Inhibitor, Calcineurin»

Prescription Patterns for Plaque Psoriasis

Panellist characteristics and patient caseloads are detailed in Table 1 (market-specific details are in Table S4). Panellists had approximately 380 patients with plaque psoriasis in 3 markets, although in Spain panellists reported a caseload of approximately 600. Approximately 40% of panellists’ patients with plaque psoriasis had moderate psoriasis, while 30% each had mild and severe, across all markets. Panellists’ prescribing patterns by psoriasis disease severity are detailed in Table 2 (market-specific details are in Table S5). For mild psoriasis, topical therapies were usually prescribed, while for moderate psoriasis, several classes were prescribed. Panellists prescribing topical steroid monotherapy suggested approximately half their patients were receiving Cal/BD foam. Panellists reported similar proportions of patients receiving Cal/BD foam as RM and PAM treatment. This confirmed that panellists had suitable experience to discuss real-world use and prescribing habits of RM versus PAM regimens.Table 1

Panellist characteristics and patient caseloads across all markets

Panellist demographic	Outcome
Treatment setting (%)
Hospital (public)	64
Hospital (private)	6
Office/consulting room (public)	14
Office/consulting room (private)	16
Other	1
Proportion of time spent in academic/teaching duties (%)
Mean	12
Total patient caseload (n)
Mean	2261
Plaque psoriasis patient caseload (n)
Mean	382
Disease severity of plaque psoriasis patient caseload (%)
Mild	33
Moderate	39
Severe	28

n number

Table 2

Prescribing patterns by plaque psoriasis disease severity across all markets

Therapy	Percentage of panellists prescribing therapy for any disease severity^a (%)	Percentage of panellists prescribing therapy according to disease severity^a (%)
Therapy		Mild	Moderate	Severe
Topical non-steroids	94	94	81	56
Topical steroids	100	94	100	69
Phototherapy	94	38	81	56
Conventional systemics	100	0	100	94
Targeted systemics	87	6	75	63
Biologics	100	0	94	100
Biosimilars	94	0	88	94
Other^b	31	19	13	6

^aPercentages rounded to the nearest whole number

^bOther therapies specified by panellists included: tacrolimus, topical calcineurin inhibitors, calcipotriol salicylic acid, dimethyl fumarate

Perry R., Beveridge A.J., Sears A.J, & Rasmussen E.R. (2023). Expert Consensus on Real-World Use and Consumption Patterns of a Fixed-Dose Combination Foam for Psoriasis as a Reactive Management (RM) and Proactive Management (PAM) Regimen. Advances in Therapy, 40(3), 1062-1073.

Publication 2023

calcipotriene Dimethyl Fumarate Inhibitor, Calcineurin Patients Psoriasis Salicylic Acid Senile Plaques Steroids Tacrolimus Treatment Protocols

Real-World Atopic Dermatitis Treatment Evaluation

Collected data included: patient demographics; concomitant treatment and dosage; physician- and patient-reported outcome (PROs); measures of disease severity and disease burden; and safety.
Routine clinical documentation records included medical charts, physician assessments (Eczema Area and Severity Index [EASI; 0–72] [14 (link)], SCORing Atopic Dermatitis [SCORAD; 0–103] and Investigator’s Global Assessment [IGA; 0–4]) [15 (link)], patient-completed questionnaires (Patient Oriented Eczema Measure [POEM; 0–28] [16 (link)], Dermatology Life Quality Index [DLQI; 0–30]) [17 (link)], five-level EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire [EQ-5D-5L; 0–1] [18 (link)], Peak Pruritus Numeric Rating Scale [NRS; 0–10] [19 (link)], Medical Outcomes Study [MOS] Sleep Scale [0–100] [20 (link)], and specific questions relating to past physician visits and financial burden), hospital discharge files, prescription drug files, and doctors’ letters.
Last prior AD treatment before baseline was defined as the last prior AD treatment ending within 1 year of baseline data collection; if ≥ 2 prior AD treatments were given in parallel, each was regarded as the last prior AD treatment. If patients received more than one class of drug/TCS, the drug with the highest strength/TCS class was recorded and used in statistical analyses. The strength of topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCI) was considered to be between TCS class 2 and 3, as described by Cury Martins et al. [21 (link)].
Clinically meaningful response was assessed, as previously defined, as patients achieving EASI-50, ≥ 3 point improvement in peak pruritus NRS from baseline, or ≥ 4 point improvement in DLQI at Month 3 [22 (link)]. Disease severity was stratified according to EASI score: moderate AD was defined as a baseline EASI score between 7.1 and 21.0 and severe AD as a baseline EASI score > 21.0 and/or systemic AD therapy at last prior visit before baseline [23 (link)].

Augustin M., Bauer A., Ertner K., von Kiedrowski R., Schenck F., Ramaker-Brunke J., Möller S., Fait A., Bastian M, & Thaçi D. (2023). Dupilumab Demonstrates Rapid Onset of Action in Improving Signs, Symptoms and Quality of Life in Adults with Atopic Dermatitis. Dermatology and Therapy, 13(3), 803-816.

Publication 2023

Eczema Financial Stress Inhibitor, Calcineurin Patient Discharge Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Physicians Prescription Drugs Pruritus Safety Sleep Therapeutics

Calcineurin Inhibitors in Glomerulonephritis

The enrolled patients received calcineurin inhibitors including cyclosporine and tacrolimus, with or without corticosteroids. The regimen choice was decided by renal physicians, considering the patient’s preferences and potential drug side effects.
The therapeutic responses were in compliance with the KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) guideline for glomerulonephritis [27 (link)]. Clinical outcome was evaluated based on proteinuria levels at diagnosis compared with assessment after 3, 6, and 12 months of follow-up. CR was defined as urinary protein excretion < 0.3 g/day with a stable GFR. Partial remission (PR) was defined as urinary protein excretion < 3.5 g/day and a reduction of at least 50% from baseline values with a stable GFR. Relapse was defined as urinary protein excretion > 3.5 g/day after reaching CR or PR. Treatment failure was defined as the absence of CR or PR during the follow-up period. ESKD was defined as the initiation of maintenance dialysis or kidney transplantation. The endpoints were defined as CR and a composite of PR and CR. Outcomes of patients who did not reach the endpoints were recorded using the information from their last follow-up visit. Survival time was calculated from the enrollment to the occurrence of the end-point events or the last follow-up. The duration of PMN was calculated from the occurrence of nephropathy-related symptoms to treatment initiation.

Duan S., Sun L., Zhang C., Zeng M., Sun B., Yuan Y., Mao H., Xing C, & Zhang B. (2023). The thickness of glomerular basement membrane predicts complete remission in primary membranous nephropathy. Renal Failure, 45(1), 2179335.

Publication 2023

Adrenal Cortex Hormones Cyclosporine Diagnosis Dialysis Drug Reaction, Adverse Glomerulonephritis Inhibitor, Calcineurin Kidney Kidney Diseases Kidney Transplantation Patients Physicians Proteins Relapse Tacrolimus Treatment Protocols Urine

Kidney Transplant Adherence Protocol

Before performing a kidney transplant, we first explain to the KTRs and their families that taking immunosuppressive medications in the correct doses every day at the same time is critical to improve graft and patient survival. In the immediate posttransplant period during hospitalization, the nurses bring immunosuppressive medications to the KTRs and count the number of empty pill wrappings after taking immunosuppressants. The stability of the patient’s adherence as well as the patient’s condition are monitored, and the management of medication is eventually left up to the patient. At the first discharge after surgery, the pharmacists explain the importance and side effects of the immunosuppressants to the KTRs.
When the KTRs are readmitted, we confirm whether they are adhering to their regimens. If adherence is determined to be poor, the nurse intervenes in the management of medication, by bringing immunosuppressive medications or counting the number of empty pill wrappings. However, the assessment of their adherence in ambulatory practice is only by measuring the blood concentrations of calcineurin inhibitors.

Kosoku A., Iwai T., Masuda H., Kabei K., Nishide S., Maeda K., Yoshikawa Y., Nakamura Y., De Geest S, & Uchida J. (2023). Reliability and Validity of the Japanese Version of the Basel Assessment of Adherence to Immunosuppressive Medications Scale in Kidney Transplant Recipients. Transplantation Direct, 9(3), e1457.

Publication 2023

BLOOD Contraceptives, Oral Grafts Hospitalization Immunosuppressive Agents Inhibitor, Calcineurin Kidney Transplantation Nurses Operative Surgical Procedures Patient Discharge Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Treatment Protocols

Vitamin D Status in Healthy Teens

The initial aim of the Vitados cohort (NCT01832623) was to assess native vitamin D [25-(OH)-D] status in a general French population of healthy Caucasian teenagers in association with their bone and cardiovascular status; it allowed to describe normal values for the main phosphate/calcium and bone biomarkers in the total cohort of 100 included healthy teenagers depending on sex and puberty (30 (link)). Exclusion criteria were the following: walking disability, past or ongoing treatment by growth hormone (rhGH) therapy, past intake of oral corticosteroids (for more than 3 months), ongoing treatment with corticosteroids or calcineurin inhibitors, chronic disease with a likely effect on growth (and notably chronic parenteral nutrition, chronic inflammatory disease, systemic disease, chronic renal insufficiency, diabetes mellitus), acute ongoing severe disease (and notably infection or cancer), pregnancy, and an intake of acetylsalicylic acid or anti-inflammatory drugs within the last 3 weeks. Here, we were able to work on the remaining sera of 38 subjects from this cohort.
Demographic, physical, and biochemical data were recorded. Height and weight were presented as the standard deviation score (SDS) for age and sex, and BMI was presented as the percentile for age and sex. The Tanner stage was assessed by an experienced physician. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) were expressed in terms of percentile according to age, sex, and height (34 ).

Méaux M.N., Regnier M., Portefaix A., Borel O., Alioli C., Peyruchaud O., Legrand M, & Bacchetta J. (2023). Circulating autotaxin levels in healthy teenagers: Data from the Vitados cohort. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 11, 1094705.

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Publication 2023

Acute Disease Adolescent Adrenal Cortex Hormones Anti-Inflammatory Agents Aspirin Biological Markers Bones calcium phosphate Cardiovascular System Caucasoid Races Chronic Kidney Insufficiency Diabetes Mellitus Diastole Disabled Persons Disease, Chronic Growth Hormone Infection Inflammation Inhibitor, Calcineurin Malignant Neoplasms Parenteral Nutrition Physical Examination Physicians Pregnancy Pressure, Diastolic Puberty r-hGH-M Serum Systole Systolic Pressure Vitamin D

Top products related to «Inhibitor, Calcineurin»

Thymoglobulin by Sanofi

Sourced in United States, France, Canada, Germany, Ireland, Switzerland

Thymoglobulin is a polyclonal antithymocyte globulin (ATG) product developed by Sanofi. It is a sterile, purified, and concentrated immunoglobulin preparation derived from the plasma of horses immunized with human thymocytes. Thymoglobulin is used as an immunosuppressant to prevent and treat acute rejection in organ transplantation.

Prograf by Astellas Pharma

Sourced in Japan, United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Switzerland

Prograf is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Astellas Pharma. It is used to measure and monitor the levels of the immunosuppressant drug tacrolimus in biological samples.

Myfortic by Novartis

Sourced in Switzerland

Myfortic is a mycophenolic acid-based immunosuppressant medication. It is used to prevent organ rejection in adult patients receiving kidney or heart transplants.

Simulect by Novartis

Sourced in Switzerland, United States, Canada

Simulect is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Novartis. It is designed for use in scientific research and clinical applications.

Fk506 by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, Macao

FK506 is a laboratory product used in research applications. It functions as an immunosuppressant agent.

Basiliximab by Novartis

Sourced in Switzerland

Basiliximab is a lab equipment product produced by Novartis. It is a monoclonal antibody that binds to the alpha subunit of the interleukin-2 receptor (CD25) on activated T cells.

Cyclosporin a by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, France, China

Cyclosporin A is a cyclic peptide produced by the fungus Tolypocladium inflatum. It is a widely used immunosuppressant drug that functions by inhibiting the activation and proliferation of T-cells.

Sandimmun optoral by Novartis

Sourced in Germany

Sandimmun optoral is a liquid formulation of the immunosuppressant drug cyclosporine. It is designed for oral administration.

Thymoglobuline by Sanofi

Sourced in France, United States

Thymoglobuline is a polyclonal anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) product derived from the serum of rabbits immunized with human thymocytes. It is used in the treatment of various medical conditions where immunosuppression is required, such as organ transplantation and some autoimmune disorders.

Fk506 by InvivoGen

Sourced in United States, France, Hong Kong

FK506 is an immunosuppressant drug that functions as a calcineurin inhibitor. It acts by binding to the immunophilin FKBP12, forming a complex that inhibits the phosphatase activity of calcineurin, a key regulator of T-cell activation.

What are some common applications of calcineurin inhibitors?

Calcineurin inhibitors play a critical role in several medical fields, including transplant medicine, autoimmune disorders, and neurological conditions. They are widely used to prevent organ rejection in transplant patients by suppressing the immune system's response. Calcineurin inhibitors are also employed to manage autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis, where they help control the overactive immune response. Additionally, these inhibitors have been studied for their potential benefits in treating neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, by modulating signaling pathways involved in neurodegeneration.

What are some common types or variations of calcineurin inhibitors?

The two most widely used calcineurin inhibitors are cyclosporine (also known as cyclosporin A) and tacrolimus (also known as FK-506). These compounds work by binding to and inhibiting the calcineurin enzyme, which is a key regulator of T-cell activation and the immune response. While cyclosporine and tacrolimus share a similar mechanism of action, they have some differences in their potency, side effect profiles, and pharmacokinetic properties, which may influence their selection for specific clinical applications.

What are some common challenges in using calcineurin inhibitors?

One of the main challenges with calcineurin inhibitors is the need to carefully monitor and adjust dosing to maintain a delicate balance between efficacy and toxicity. These drugs have a narrow therapeutic window, meaning that the difference between the effective dose and the toxic dose is relatively small. Overdosing can lead to serious side effects, such as nephrotoxicity, neurological problems, and increased risk of infections, while underdosing may result in inadequate immunosuppression and potential organ rejection. Careful monitoring of blood levels and close follow-up with healthcare providers are crucial when using calcineurin inhibitors.

How can PubCompare.ai assist in optimizing the use of calcineurin inhibitors?

PubCompare.ai's AI-powered platform can help researchers and clinicians optimize the use of calcineurin inhibitors in several ways. By screnning protocol literature more efficiently, the platform can pinpoint critical insights that help identify the most effective protocols related to Inhibitor, Calcineurin for specific research goals. The AI-driven analysis can highlight key differences in protocol effectiveness, enabling users to choose the best option for reproducibility and accuracy. This can be particularly helpful when navigating the complexities of calcineurin inhibitor use, such as the need for careful dosing and monitoring. Leveraging PubCompare.ai can assist in making more informed decisions and improving research outcomes when working with these critical immunosuppressive agents.

What are some unique features of PubCompare.ai that can benefit calcineurin inhibitor research?

One uinque feature of PubCompare.ai is its ability to leverage artificial intelligence to analyze the vast and rapidly growing body of scientific literature, patents, and pre-prints related to calcineurin inhibitors. This AI-powered analysis can help researchers quickly identify the most relevant and effective protocols, highlighting key differences that may impact reproducibility and accuracy. By streamlining the literature screening process and surfacing critical insights, PubCompare.ai can save researchers significant time and effort, allowing them to focus on the most promising avenues of calcineurin inhibitor research. Additionally, the platform's comparative analysis capabilities can assist in selecting the optimal inhibitor protocols and products for specific research objectives, further enhanceing the quality and impact of studies in this important area of immunology and neuroscience.

More about "Inhibitor, Calcineurin"

Calcineurin inhibitors, also known as immunosuppressants, are a class of drugs that play a crucial role in transplant medicine, autoimmune disorders, and neurological conditions.
These inhibitors work by blocking the activity of the calcineurin enzyme, a key regulator of T-cell activation and immune response.
The most well-known calcineurin inhibitors include Thymoglobulin, Prograf (tacrolimus), Myfortic (mycophenolic acid), Simulect (basiliximab), FK506 (tacrolimus), Cyclosporin A, and Sandimmun optoral (cyclosporine).
Thymoglobulin is an anti-thymocyte globulin that is used to prevent and treat acute rejection in organ transplant recipients.
Prograf (tacrolimus) and Cyclosporin A are two of the most commonly prescribed calcineurin inhibitors, often used in combination with other immunosuppressants like Myfortic or Simulect.
These drugs help prevent the body from rejecting transplanted organs by suppressing the immune system.
In addition to their use in transplant medicine, calcineurin inhibitors are also employed in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and multiple sclerosis.
Furthermore, emerging research suggests that these inhibitors may have potential applications in neurological conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, due to their ability to modulate the immune response and neuroinflammation.
The comprehensive overview provided by PubCompare.ai's AI-powered platform helps researchers optimize their studies for enhanced reproducibility and accuracy, ensuring that they have access to the latest advancements in calcineurin inhibitor research.
By incorporating synonyms, related terms, abbreviations, and key subtopics, this content provides a thorough and informative resource for those interested in the field of calcineurin inhibition.